diff --git a/pkg/channels/email_mockey_test.go b/pkg/channels/email_mockey_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ea9f39fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/email_mockey_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+//go:build mockey
+
+package channels
+
+// Tests in this file use github.com/bytedance/mockey and require -gcflags="all=-N -l" to run.
+// Run with: go test -tags=mockey -gcflags="all=-N -l" ./pkg/channels/...
+// Without -tags=mockey they are not compiled; without -gcflags they may fail due to Mockey.
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/bytedance/mockey"
+	"github.com/emersion/go-imap"
+	"github.com/emersion/go-imap/client"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+func TestEmailChannel_checkNewEmails(t *testing.T) {
+	// check if the current runtime is go1.25.xx
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(runtime.Version(), "go1.25") {
+		//  github.com/bytedance/mockey v1.4.4 is supported in go1.25.xx
+		t.Skip("skipping test in non-go1.25.xx environment")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// mock connect to return mockClient
+	mockey.PatchConvey("checkNewEmails", t, func() {
+		// --------------- mock start ---------------
+		c := &EmailChannel{
+			BaseChannel: &BaseChannel{
+				bus: bus.NewMessageBus(),
+			},
+			config: config.EmailConfig{
+				Enabled:   true,
+				AllowFrom: config.FlexibleStringSlice{},
+			},
+			lastUID: 20,
+		}
+		mockClient := &client.Client{}
+		c.imapClient = mockClient
+		// mock login and select to return mockClient
+		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "Login")).
+			To(func(imapClient *client.Client, username, password string) error {
+				return nil
+			}).
+			Build()
+		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "Select")).
+			To(func(imapClient *client.Client, mailbox string, readonly bool) (*imap.MailboxStatus, error) {
+				return &imap.MailboxStatus{
+					UidNext: 20,
+				}, nil
+			}).
+			Build()
+		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "UidSearch")).
+			To(func(imapClient *client.Client, criteria *imap.SearchCriteria) ([]uint32, error) {
+				return []uint32{21}, nil
+			}).
+			Build()
+		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "UidFetch")).To(
+			func(imapClient *client.Client, seqset *imap.SeqSet, items []imap.FetchItem, ch chan *imap.Message) error {
+				mimeBytes := []byte(
+					"From: a@b.com\r\nTo: c@d.com\r\nSubject: Test\r\nContent-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\n\r\nHello world",
+				)
+				section := &imap.BodySectionName{}
+				msg := &imap.Message{
+					Uid:      1,
+					Envelope: &imap.Envelope{Subject: "Test"},
+					Body:     map[*imap.BodySectionName]imap.Literal{section: bytes.NewReader(mimeBytes)},
+				}
+				ch <- msg
+				close(ch)
+				return nil
+			}).Build()
+		mockClient.SetState(imap.SelectedState, &imap.MailboxStatus{
+			UidNext: 20,
+		})
+		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "State")).To(func(*client.Client) imap.ConnState {
+			return imap.SelectedState
+		}).Build()
+		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "UidStore")).To(
+			func(imapClient *client.Client, seqset *imap.SeqSet, item imap.StoreItem, value any,
+				ch chan *imap.Message,
+			) error {
+				return nil
+			}).Build()
+		// --------------- mock end ---------------
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		c.CheckNewEmails(context.Background())
+		timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		messge, ok := c.bus.ConsumeInbound(timeoutCtx)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.True(t, strings.Contains(messge.Content, "Hello world"))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestEmailChannel_runIdleLoop(t *testing.T) {
+	// check if the current runtime is go1.25.xx
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(runtime.Version(), "go1.25") {
+		//  github.com/bytedance/mockey v1.4.4 is supported in go1.25.xx
+		t.Skip("skipping test in non-go1.25.xx environment")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// mock connect to return mockClient
+	mockey.PatchConvey("runIdleLoop", t, func() {
+		// --------------- mock start ---------------
+		hasCheckEmail := false
+		c := &EmailChannel{
+			BaseChannel: &BaseChannel{
+				bus: bus.NewMessageBus(),
+			},
+			config: config.EmailConfig{
+				Enabled:   true,
+				AllowFrom: config.FlexibleStringSlice{},
+			},
+			lastUID: 20,
+		}
+		mockClient := &client.Client{}
+		c.imapClient = mockClient
+		// mock login and select to return mockClient
+		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(c, "CheckNewEmails")).To(func(*EmailChannel, context.Context) {
+			hasCheckEmail = true
+		}).Build()
+
+		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "State")).To(func(*client.Client) imap.ConnState {
+			return imap.SelectedState
+		}).Build()
+		triggerChannel := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "Idle")).
+			To(func(self *client.Client, stop <-chan struct{}, opts *client.IdleOptions) error {
+				<-triggerChannel
+				self.Updates <- &client.StatusUpdate{}
+				return nil
+			}).
+			Build()
+		// --------------- mock end ---------------
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		go c.runIdleLoop(ctx, 2*time.Second)
+		assert.False(t, hasCheckEmail)
+		// sent update sigal
+		triggerChannel <- struct{}{}
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+		assert.True(t, hasCheckEmail)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestEmailChannel_lifecycleCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	// check if the current runtime is go1.25.xx
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(runtime.Version(), "go1.25") {
+		//  github.com/bytedance/mockey v1.4.4 is supported in go1.25.xx
+		t.Skip("skipping test in non-go1.25.xx environment")
+		return
+	}
+
+	mockey.PatchConvey("lifecycle test", t, func() {
+		// --------------- mock start ---------------
+		c := &EmailChannel{
+			BaseChannel: &BaseChannel{
+				bus: bus.NewMessageBus(),
+			},
+			config: config.EmailConfig{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				CheckInterval: 1,
+				ForcedPolling: true,
+				IMAPServer:    "imap.example.com",
+				Username:      "testuser",
+				Password:      "testpassword",
+			},
+		}
+		// mock login and select to return mockClient
+		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(c, "connect")).To(func(*EmailChannel) error {
+			return nil
+		}).Build()
+		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(c, "CheckNewEmails")).To(func(*EmailChannel, context.Context) {
+			time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
+		}).Build()
+		// --------------- mock end ---------------
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		err := c.Start(ctx)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+		wg.Add(1)
+		var stopDone time.Time
+		stopStart := time.Now()
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			c.Stop(ctx)
+			stopDone = time.Now()
+		}()
+		// wait for checkNewEmails to finish
+		assert.True(t, c.IsRunning())
+		wg.Wait()
+		elapsed := stopDone.Sub(stopStart)
+		// stop exit normally
+		assert.False(t, c.IsRunning())
+		// If Stop() did not wait for checkLoop, it would return in milliseconds.
+		assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, elapsed, 1*time.Second, "Stop() must wait for checkLoop (lifecycle compliance)")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/email_test.go b/pkg/channels/email_test.go
index 5637fa1b1..f33959a2c 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/email_test.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/email_test.go
@@ -2,20 +2,12 @@ package channels
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"context"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"runtime"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
-	"github.com/bytedance/mockey"
 	"github.com/emersion/go-imap"
-	"github.com/emersion/go-imap/client"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 )
 
@@ -264,187 +256,3 @@ func Test_saveAttachmentToLocal(t *testing.T) {
 	path = c.saveAttachmentToLocal(1, 1, "test.txt", body)
 	assert.Empty(t, path)
 }
-
-func TestEmailChannel_checkNewEmails(t *testing.T) {
-	// check if the current runtime is go1.25.xx
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(runtime.Version(), "go1.25") {
-		//  github.com/bytedance/mockey v1.4.4 is supported in go1.25.xx
-		t.Skip("skipping test in non-go1.25.xx environment")
-		return
-	}
-
-	// mock connect to return mockClient
-	mockey.PatchConvey("checkNewEmails", t, func() {
-		// --------------- mock start ---------------
-		c := &EmailChannel{
-			BaseChannel: &BaseChannel{
-				bus: bus.NewMessageBus(),
-			},
-			config: config.EmailConfig{
-				Enabled:   true,
-				AllowFrom: config.FlexibleStringSlice{},
-			},
-			lastUID: 20,
-		}
-		mockClient := &client.Client{}
-		c.imapClient = mockClient
-		// mock login and select to return mockClient
-		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "Login")).
-			To(func(imapClient *client.Client, username, password string) error {
-				return nil
-			}).
-			Build()
-		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "Select")).
-			To(func(imapClient *client.Client, mailbox string, readonly bool) (*imap.MailboxStatus, error) {
-				return &imap.MailboxStatus{
-					UidNext: 20,
-				}, nil
-			}).
-			Build()
-		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "UidSearch")).
-			To(func(imapClient *client.Client, criteria *imap.SearchCriteria) ([]uint32, error) {
-				return []uint32{21}, nil
-			}).
-			Build()
-		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "UidFetch")).To(
-			func(imapClient *client.Client, seqset *imap.SeqSet, items []imap.FetchItem, ch chan *imap.Message) error {
-				mimeBytes := []byte(
-					"From: a@b.com\r\nTo: c@d.com\r\nSubject: Test\r\nContent-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\n\r\nHello world",
-				)
-				section := &imap.BodySectionName{}
-				msg := &imap.Message{
-					Uid:      1,
-					Envelope: &imap.Envelope{Subject: "Test"},
-					Body:     map[*imap.BodySectionName]imap.Literal{section: bytes.NewReader(mimeBytes)},
-				}
-				ch <- msg
-				close(ch)
-				return nil
-			}).Build()
-		mockClient.SetState(imap.SelectedState, &imap.MailboxStatus{
-			UidNext: 20,
-		})
-		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "State")).To(func(*client.Client) imap.ConnState {
-			return imap.SelectedState
-		}).Build()
-		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "UidStore")).To(
-			func(imapClient *client.Client, seqset *imap.SeqSet, item imap.StoreItem, value any,
-				ch chan *imap.Message,
-			) error {
-				return nil
-			}).Build()
-		// --------------- mock end ---------------
-		ctx := context.Background()
-		c.CheckNewEmails(context.Background())
-		timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second)
-		defer cancel()
-		messge, ok := c.bus.ConsumeInbound(timeoutCtx)
-		assert.True(t, ok)
-		assert.True(t, strings.Contains(messge.Content, "Hello world"))
-	})
-}
-
-func TestEmailChannel_runIdleLoop(t *testing.T) {
-	// check if the current runtime is go1.25.xx
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(runtime.Version(), "go1.25") {
-		//  github.com/bytedance/mockey v1.4.4 is supported in go1.25.xx
-		t.Skip("skipping test in non-go1.25.xx environment")
-		return
-	}
-
-	// mock connect to return mockClient
-	mockey.PatchConvey("runIdleLoop", t, func() {
-		// --------------- mock start ---------------
-		hasCheckEmail := false
-		c := &EmailChannel{
-			BaseChannel: &BaseChannel{
-				bus: bus.NewMessageBus(),
-			},
-			config: config.EmailConfig{
-				Enabled:   true,
-				AllowFrom: config.FlexibleStringSlice{},
-			},
-			lastUID: 20,
-		}
-		mockClient := &client.Client{}
-		c.imapClient = mockClient
-		// mock login and select to return mockClient
-		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(c, "CheckNewEmails")).To(func(*EmailChannel, context.Context) {
-			hasCheckEmail = true
-		}).Build()
-
-		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "State")).To(func(*client.Client) imap.ConnState {
-			return imap.SelectedState
-		}).Build()
-		triggerChannel := make(chan struct{}, 1)
-		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(mockClient, "Idle")).
-			To(func(self *client.Client, stop <-chan struct{}, opts *client.IdleOptions) error {
-				<-triggerChannel
-				self.Updates <- &client.StatusUpdate{}
-				return nil
-			}).
-			Build()
-		// --------------- mock end ---------------
-		ctx := context.Background()
-		go c.runIdleLoop(ctx, 2*time.Second)
-		assert.False(t, hasCheckEmail)
-		// sent update sigal
-		triggerChannel <- struct{}{}
-		time.Sleep(time.Second)
-		assert.True(t, hasCheckEmail)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestEmailChannel_lifecycleCheck(t *testing.T) {
-	// check if the current runtime is go1.25.xx
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(runtime.Version(), "go1.25") {
-		//  github.com/bytedance/mockey v1.4.4 is supported in go1.25.xx
-		t.Skip("skipping test in non-go1.25.xx environment")
-		return
-	}
-
-	mockey.PatchConvey("lifecycle test", t, func() {
-		// --------------- mock start ---------------
-		c := &EmailChannel{
-			BaseChannel: &BaseChannel{
-				bus: bus.NewMessageBus(),
-			},
-			config: config.EmailConfig{
-				Enabled:       true,
-				CheckInterval: 1,
-				ForcedPolling: true,
-				IMAPServer:    "imap.example.com",
-				Username:      "testuser",
-				Password:      "testpassword",
-			},
-		}
-		// mock login and select to return mockClient
-		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(c, "connect")).To(func(*EmailChannel) error {
-			return nil
-		}).Build()
-		mockey.Mock(mockey.GetMethod(c, "CheckNewEmails")).To(func(*EmailChannel, context.Context) {
-			time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
-		}).Build()
-		// --------------- mock end ---------------
-		ctx := context.Background()
-		err := c.Start(ctx)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
-		wg.Add(1)
-		var stopDone time.Time
-		stopStart := time.Now()
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			c.Stop(ctx)
-			stopDone = time.Now()
-		}()
-		// wait for checkNewEmails to finish
-		assert.True(t, c.IsRunning())
-		wg.Wait()
-		elapsed := stopDone.Sub(stopStart)
-		// stop exit normally
-		assert.False(t, c.IsRunning())
-		// If Stop() did not wait for checkLoop, it would return in milliseconds.
-		assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, elapsed, 1*time.Second, "Stop() must wait for checkLoop (lifecycle compliance)")
-	})
-}