perf: replace string concatenation with strings.Builder in hot paths

- loop.go: formatCompactEntry/formatLatestEntry (called 4-5x per iteration)
- filesystem.go: formatDirEntries loop (per directory entry)
- shell.go: executeSync output assembly, fix validatePath to use
  override-aware cwd instead of original workspace
- cron.go: listJobs loop
- workspace_ctx.go: cache override sandboxFs in context to reuse
  across all resolveFS calls within the same tool execution

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

pkg/agent/loop.go

@@ -1271,11 +1271,23 @@ func formatCompactEntry(entry toolLogEntry) string {
 				args = string(argsRunes[:argsBudget-1]) + "\u2026"
 			}
 		}
-		return entry.Name + " " + args + " " + result
+		var sb strings.Builder
+		sb.Grow(len(entry.Name) + 1 + len(args) + 1 + len(result))
+		sb.WriteString(entry.Name)
+		sb.WriteByte(' ')
+		sb.WriteString(args)
+		sb.WriteByte(' ')
+		sb.WriteString(result)
+		return sb.String()
 	}
 
 	// No room for args or args empty
-	return entry.Name + " " + result
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	sb.Grow(len(entry.Name) + 1 + len(result))
+	sb.WriteString(entry.Name)
+	sb.WriteByte(' ')
+	sb.WriteString(result)
+	return sb.String()
 }
 
 // formatLatestEntry formats the latest entry command without its result marker.
@@ -1294,7 +1306,12 @@ func formatLatestEntry(entry toolLogEntry) string {
 				args = string(argsRunes[:argsBudget-1]) + "\u2026"
 			}
 		}
-		return entry.Name + " " + args
+		var sb strings.Builder
+		sb.Grow(len(entry.Name) + 1 + len(args))
+		sb.WriteString(entry.Name)
+		sb.WriteByte(' ')
+		sb.WriteString(args)
+		return sb.String()
 	}
 	return entry.Name
 }

pkg/tools/cron.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package tools
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -218,7 +219,8 @@ func (t *CronTool) listJobs() *ToolResult {
 		return SilentResult("No scheduled jobs")
 	}
 
-	result := "Scheduled jobs:\n"
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	sb.WriteString("Scheduled jobs:\n")
 	for _, j := range jobs {
 		var scheduleInfo string
 		if j.Schedule.Kind == "every" && j.Schedule.EveryMS != nil {
@@ -230,10 +232,10 @@ func (t *CronTool) listJobs() *ToolResult {
 		} else {
 			scheduleInfo = "unknown"
 		}
-		result += fmt.Sprintf("- %s (id: %s, %s)\n", j.Name, j.ID, scheduleInfo)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "- %s (id: %s, %s)\n", j.Name, j.ID, scheduleInfo)
 	}
 
-	return SilentResult(result)
+	return SilentResult(sb.String())
 }
 
 func (t *CronTool) removeJob(args map[string]any) *ToolResult {

pkg/tools/filesystem.go

@@ -239,10 +239,12 @@ func formatDirEntries(entries []os.DirEntry) *ToolResult {
 	var result strings.Builder
 	for _, entry := range entries {
 		if entry.IsDir() {
-			result.WriteString("DIR:  " + entry.Name() + "\n")
+			result.WriteString("DIR:  ")
 		} else {
-			result.WriteString("FILE: " + entry.Name() + "\n")
+			result.WriteString("FILE: ")
 		}
+		result.WriteString(entry.Name())
+		result.WriteByte('\n')
 	}
 	return NewToolResult(result.String())
 }

pkg/tools/shell.go

@@ -283,8 +283,8 @@ func (t *ExecTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *ToolResult
 		cwd = override
 	}
 	if wd, ok := args["working_dir"].(string); ok && wd != "" {
-		if t.restrictToWorkspace && t.workingDir != "" {
-			resolvedWD, err := validatePath(wd, t.workingDir, true)
+		if t.restrictToWorkspace && cwd != "" {
+			resolvedWD, err := validatePath(wd, cwd, true)
 			if err != nil {
 				return ErrorResult("Command blocked by safety guard (" + err.Error() + ")")
 			}
@@ -364,9 +364,11 @@ func (t *ExecTool) executeSync(ctx context.Context, command, cwd string) *ToolRe
 		}
 	}
 
-	output := stdout.String()
+	var ob strings.Builder
+	ob.WriteString(stdout.String())
 	if stderr.Len() > 0 {
-		output += "\nSTDERR:\n" + stderr.String()
+		ob.WriteString("\nSTDERR:\n")
+		ob.WriteString(stderr.String())
 	}
 
 	if err != nil {
@@ -378,8 +380,9 @@ func (t *ExecTool) executeSync(ctx context.Context, command, cwd string) *ToolRe
 				IsError: true,
 			}
 		}
-		output += fmt.Sprintf("\nExit code: %v", err)
+		fmt.Fprintf(&ob, "\nExit code: %v", err)
 	}
+	output := ob.String()
 
 	if output == "" {
 		output = "(no output)"

pkg/tools/workspace_ctx.go

@@ -7,11 +7,17 @@ import (
 )
 
 type workspaceOverrideKey struct{}
+type overrideFsKey struct{}
 
-// WithWorkspaceOverride returns a context carrying a workspace override path.
-// Tools will resolve file operations against this path instead of the original workspace.
+// WithWorkspaceOverride returns a context carrying a workspace override path
+// and a pre-built sandboxFs for that workspace. Tools will resolve file
+// operations against this path instead of the original workspace.
+// The cached sandboxFs is reused across all resolveFS calls on the same context,
+// avoiding per-operation allocation.
 func WithWorkspaceOverride(ctx context.Context, workspace string) context.Context {
-	return context.WithValue(ctx, workspaceOverrideKey{}, workspace)
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, workspaceOverrideKey{}, workspace)
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, overrideFsKey{}, &sandboxFs{workspace: workspace})
+	return ctx
 }
 
 // WorkspaceOverrideFromCtx extracts the workspace override from context, or "".
@@ -24,7 +30,7 @@ func WorkspaceOverrideFromCtx(ctx context.Context) string {
 
 // resolveFS returns a fileSystem applying workspace override from context.
 // Paths under "memory/" are excluded (always use original workspace).
-// For sandboxFs: creates a temporary instance with the override workspace.
+// For sandboxFs: returns the cached override instance from context.
 // For hostFs (unrestricted): returns as-is.
 func resolveFS(ctx context.Context, fs fileSystem, path string) fileSystem {
 	override := WorkspaceOverrideFromCtx(ctx)
@@ -42,6 +48,10 @@ func resolveFS(ctx context.Context, fs fileSystem, path string) fileSystem {
 		if sfs.workspace == override {
 			return fs
 		}
+		// Use cached sandboxFs from context
+		if cached, ok := ctx.Value(overrideFsKey{}).(*sandboxFs); ok {
+			return cached
+		}
 		return &sandboxFs{workspace: override}
 	}