diff --git a/pkg/agent/agent.go b/pkg/agent/agent.go
index 5749149c1..a94d58c4c 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/agent.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/agent.go
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) runAgentLoop(
 	// Record last channel for heartbeat notifications (skip internal channels and cli)
 	if opts.Dispatch.Channel() != "" &&
 		opts.Dispatch.ChatID() != "" &&
-		!constants.IsInternalChannel(opts.Dispatch.Channel()) {
+		!constants.IsInternalChannel(opts.Dispatch.ChannelType()) {
 		channelKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", opts.Dispatch.Channel(), opts.Dispatch.ChatID())
 		if err := al.RecordLastChannel(channelKey); err != nil {
 			logger.WarnCF(
diff --git a/pkg/agent/agent_message.go b/pkg/agent/agent_message.go
index 4d2886a80..f8569f5c6 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/agent_message.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/agent_message.go
@@ -53,10 +53,11 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) ProcessDirectWithChannel(
 
 	msg := bus.InboundMessage{
 		Context: bus.InboundContext{
-			Channel:  channel,
-			ChatID:   chatID,
-			ChatType: "direct",
-			SenderID: "cron",
+			Channel:     channel,
+			ChannelType: channel, // For direct calls, channel name equals channel type
+			ChatID:      chatID,
+			ChatType:    "direct",
+			SenderID:    "cron",
 		},
 		Content:    content,
 		SessionKey: sessionKey,
@@ -86,10 +87,11 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) ProcessHeartbeat(
 	}
 	if channel != "" || chatID != "" {
 		dispatch.InboundContext = &bus.InboundContext{
-			Channel:  channel,
-			ChatID:   chatID,
-			ChatType: "direct",
-			SenderID: "heartbeat",
+			Channel:     channel,
+			ChannelType: channel, // For heartbeat, channel name equals channel type
+			ChatID:      chatID,
+			ChatType:    "direct",
+			SenderID:    "heartbeat",
 		}
 	}
 	return al.runAgentLoop(ctx, agent, processOptions{
@@ -256,7 +258,7 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) processSystemMessage(
 	// Parse origin channel from chat_id (format: "channel:chat_id")
 	var originChannel, originChatID string
 	if idx := strings.Index(msg.ChatID, ":"); idx > 0 {
-		originChannel = msg.ChatID[:idx]
+		originChannel = msg.ChatID[:idx] // e.g. "telegram"
 		originChatID = msg.ChatID[idx+1:]
 	} else {
 		originChannel = "cli"
diff --git a/pkg/agent/agent_test.go b/pkg/agent/agent_test.go
index 7a869ec94..d864beccd 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/agent_test.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/agent_test.go
@@ -3987,7 +3987,8 @@ func TestProcessMessage_PicoPublishesReasoningAsThoughtMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
 
 	response, err := al.processMessage(context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
-		Channel:  "pico",
+		Context:  bus.InboundContext{Channel: "pico1", ChannelType: "pico"},
+		Channel:  "pico1",
 		SenderID: "user1",
 		ChatID:   "pico:test-session",
 		Content:  "hello",
@@ -4547,7 +4548,8 @@ func TestRun_PicoPublishesAssistantContentDuringToolCallsWithoutFinalDuplicate(t
 	}()
 
 	if err := msgBus.PublishInbound(context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
-		Channel:  "pico",
+		Context:  bus.InboundContext{Channel: "pico1", ChannelType: "pico"},
+		Channel:  "pico1",
 		SenderID: "user-1",
 		ChatID:   "session-1",
 		Content:  "run with tools",
diff --git a/pkg/agent/agent_utils.go b/pkg/agent/agent_utils.go
index 9228b6d55..0ae9139d2 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/agent_utils.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/agent_utils.go
@@ -209,6 +209,9 @@ func appendEventContextFields(fields map[string]any, turnCtx *TurnContext) {
 		if inbound.Channel != "" {
 			fields["inbound_channel"] = inbound.Channel
 		}
+		if inbound.ChannelType != "" {
+			fields["inbound_channel_type"] = inbound.ChannelType
+		}
 		if inbound.Account != "" {
 			fields["inbound_account"] = inbound.Account
 		}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/dispatch_request.go b/pkg/agent/dispatch_request.go
index cb54264d6..a3693f127 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/dispatch_request.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/dispatch_request.go
@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@ func (r DispatchRequest) Channel() string {
 	return r.InboundContext.Channel
 }
 
+func (r DispatchRequest) ChannelType() string {
+	if r.InboundContext == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return r.InboundContext.ChannelType
+}
+
 func (r DispatchRequest) ChatID() string {
 	if r.InboundContext == nil {
 		return ""
@@ -93,6 +100,10 @@ func normalizeProcessOptions(opts processOptions) processOptions {
 				MessageID:        strings.TrimSpace(opts.MessageID),
 				ReplyToMessageID: strings.TrimSpace(opts.ReplyToMessageID),
 			}
+			// Set ChannelType from Channel if not already set
+			if inbound.ChannelType == "" && inbound.Channel != "" {
+				inbound.ChannelType = inbound.Channel
+			}
 			inbound.ChatType = inferChatTypeFromSessionScope(opts.Dispatch.SessionScope)
 			if inbound.Channel != "" || inbound.ChatID != "" || inbound.SenderID != "" ||
 				inbound.MessageID != "" || inbound.ReplyToMessageID != "" {
diff --git a/pkg/agent/pipeline_llm.go b/pkg/agent/pipeline_llm.go
index 3a3c496f6..e0f4ae6f2 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/pipeline_llm.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/pipeline_llm.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/constants"
 	runtimeevents "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/events"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
@@ -338,7 +339,7 @@ func (p *Pipeline) CallLLM(
 				},
 			)
 
-			if retry == 0 && !constants.IsInternalChannel(ts.channel) {
+			if retry == 0 && !constants.IsInternalChannel(ts.opts.Dispatch.ChannelType()) {
 				al.bus.PublishOutbound(ctx, outboundMessageForTurn(
 					ts,
 					"Context window exceeded. Compressing history and retrying...",
@@ -433,11 +434,12 @@ func (p *Pipeline) CallLLM(
 	}
 
 	reasoningContent := responseReasoningContent(exec.response)
-	shouldPublishPicoToolCallInterim := ts.channel == "pico" && len(exec.response.ToolCalls) > 0
+	shouldPublishPicoToolCallInterim := ts.opts.Dispatch.ChannelType() == config.ChannelPico &&
+		len(exec.response.ToolCalls) > 0
 	if shouldPublishPicoToolCallInterim {
 		// Pico tool-call turns publish their reasoning/content/tool summary as a
 		// structured sequence after the tool-call payload is normalized below.
-	} else if ts.channel == "pico" {
+	} else if ts.opts.Dispatch.ChannelType() == config.ChannelPico {
 		go al.publishPicoReasoning(turnCtx, reasoningContent, ts.chatID)
 	} else {
 		go al.handleReasoning(
@@ -476,7 +478,8 @@ func (p *Pipeline) CallLLM(
 	// No-tool-call path: steering check and direct response
 	if len(exec.response.ToolCalls) == 0 || exec.gracefulTerminal {
 		responseContent := exec.response.Content
-		if responseContent == "" && exec.response.ReasoningContent != "" && ts.channel != "pico" {
+		if responseContent == "" && exec.response.ReasoningContent != "" &&
+			ts.opts.Dispatch.ChannelType() != config.ChannelPico {
 			responseContent = exec.response.ReasoningContent
 		}
 		if steerMsgs := al.dequeueSteeringMessagesForScope(ts.sessionKey); len(steerMsgs) > 0 {
diff --git a/pkg/audio/asr/agent.go b/pkg/audio/asr/agent.go
index c483a0778..4e389743d 100644
--- a/pkg/audio/asr/agent.go
+++ b/pkg/audio/asr/agent.go
@@ -238,10 +238,11 @@ func (a *Agent) processUtterance(ctx context.Context, acc *speechAccumulator) {
 
 	if err := a.bus.PublishInbound(ctx, bus.InboundMessage{
 		Context: bus.InboundContext{
-			Channel:  channelType,
-			ChatID:   acc.chatID,
-			ChatType: "channel",
-			SenderID: acc.speakerID,
+			Channel:     channelType,
+			ChannelType: channelType,
+			ChatID:      acc.chatID,
+			ChatType:    "channel",
+			SenderID:    acc.speakerID,
 			Raw: map[string]string{
 				"is_voice": "true",
 			},
diff --git a/pkg/bus/inbound_context.go b/pkg/bus/inbound_context.go
index d6be80565..bd7910cac 100644
--- a/pkg/bus/inbound_context.go
+++ b/pkg/bus/inbound_context.go
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ func NormalizeInboundMessage(msg InboundMessage) InboundMessage {
 
 func (ctx InboundContext) isZero() bool {
 	return ctx.Channel == "" &&
+		ctx.ChannelType == "" &&
 		ctx.Account == "" &&
 		ctx.ChatID == "" &&
 		ctx.ChatType == "" &&
@@ -49,6 +50,11 @@ func (ctx InboundContext) isZero() bool {
 
 func normalizeInboundContext(ctx InboundContext) InboundContext {
 	ctx.Channel = strings.TrimSpace(ctx.Channel)
+	ctx.ChannelType = strings.TrimSpace(ctx.ChannelType)
+	// Set ChannelType from Channel if not already set
+	if ctx.ChannelType == "" && ctx.Channel != "" {
+		ctx.ChannelType = ctx.Channel
+	}
 	ctx.Account = strings.TrimSpace(ctx.Account)
 	ctx.ChatID = strings.TrimSpace(ctx.ChatID)
 	ctx.ChatType = normalizeKind(ctx.ChatType)
diff --git a/pkg/bus/types.go b/pkg/bus/types.go
index 953e69d9c..95754f7af 100644
--- a/pkg/bus/types.go
+++ b/pkg/bus/types.go
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ type SenderInfo struct {
 // inbound message. This is the source of truth for routing and session
 // allocation.
 type InboundContext struct {
-	Channel string `json:"channel"`
-	Account string `json:"account,omitempty"`
+	Channel     string `json:"channel"`
+	ChannelType string `json:"channel_type,omitempty"` // telegram, discord, slack, etc.
+	Account     string `json:"account,omitempty"`
 
 	ChatID   string `json:"chat_id"`
 	ChatType string `json:"chat_type,omitempty"` // direct / group / channel
diff --git a/pkg/channels/base.go b/pkg/channels/base.go
index 3585fb075..19bf30dc3 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/base.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/base.go
@@ -75,6 +75,11 @@ func WithReasoningChannelID(id string) BaseChannelOption {
 	return func(c *BaseChannel) { c.reasoningChannelID = id }
 }
 
+// WithChannelType sets the channel type (from config.Channel.Type).
+func WithChannelType(channelType string) BaseChannelOption {
+	return func(c *BaseChannel) { c.channelType = channelType }
+}
+
 // MessageLengthProvider is an opt-in interface that channels implement
 // to advertise their maximum message length. The Manager uses this via
 // type assertion to decide whether to split outbound messages.
@@ -87,6 +92,7 @@ type BaseChannel struct {
 	bus                 *bus.MessageBus
 	running             atomic.Bool
 	name                string
+	channelType         string
 	allowList           []string
 	maxMessageLength    int
 	groupTrigger        config.GroupTriggerConfig
@@ -187,6 +193,11 @@ func (c *BaseChannel) Name() string {
 	return c.name
 }
 
+// ChannelType returns the channel type (from config.Channel.Type).
+func (c *BaseChannel) ChannelType() string {
+	return c.channelType
+}
+
 // SetName updates the channel name. Used by the manager after channel creation
 // to ensure the name matches the config key (which may differ from the type).
 func (c *BaseChannel) SetName(name string) {
@@ -294,6 +305,7 @@ func (c *BaseChannel) HandleMessageWithContext(
 	}
 
 	inboundCtx.Channel = c.name
+	inboundCtx.ChannelType = c.channelType
 	if inboundCtx.ChatID == "" {
 		inboundCtx.ChatID = deliveryChatID
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/dingtalk/dingtalk.go b/pkg/channels/dingtalk/dingtalk.go
index 9cd461bc8..581be6d1f 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/dingtalk/dingtalk.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/dingtalk/dingtalk.go
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ func NewDingTalkChannel(
 		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(20000),
 		channels.WithGroupTrigger(bc.GroupTrigger),
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	return &DingTalkChannel{
diff --git a/pkg/channels/discord/discord.go b/pkg/channels/discord/discord.go
index 514b9b3b1..4f0003e9d 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/discord/discord.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/discord/discord.go
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ func NewDiscordChannel(
 		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(2000),
 		channels.WithGroupTrigger(bc.GroupTrigger),
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	ch := &DiscordChannel{
@@ -669,7 +670,6 @@ func (c *DiscordChannel) handleMessage(s *discordgo.Session, m *discordgo.Messag
 		"is_dm":        fmt.Sprintf("%t", m.GuildID == ""),
 	}
 	inboundCtx := bus.InboundContext{
-		Channel:   c.Name(),
 		ChatID:    m.ChannelID,
 		ChatType:  peerKind,
 		SenderID:  senderID,
diff --git a/pkg/channels/feishu/feishu_64.go b/pkg/channels/feishu/feishu_64.go
index d09c021c7..2e9fbfe65 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/feishu/feishu_64.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/feishu/feishu_64.go
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ func NewFeishuChannel(bc *config.Channel, cfg *config.FeishuSettings, bus *bus.M
 	base := channels.NewBaseChannel("feishu", cfg, bus, bc.AllowFrom,
 		channels.WithGroupTrigger(bc.GroupTrigger),
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	tc := newTokenCache()
diff --git a/pkg/channels/irc/irc.go b/pkg/channels/irc/irc.go
index fa60e9b6d..a56524b93 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/irc/irc.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/irc/irc.go
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ func NewIRCChannel(bc *config.Channel, cfg *config.IRCSettings, messageBus *bus.
 		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(400),
 		channels.WithGroupTrigger(bc.GroupTrigger),
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	return &IRCChannel{
diff --git a/pkg/channels/line/line.go b/pkg/channels/line/line.go
index d4d34211d..9dce1823e 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/line/line.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/line/line.go
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ func NewLINEChannel(
 		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(5000),
 		channels.WithGroupTrigger(bc.GroupTrigger),
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	return &LINEChannel{
diff --git a/pkg/channels/maixcam/maixcam.go b/pkg/channels/maixcam/maixcam.go
index b81206c59..62cd7fe90 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/maixcam/maixcam.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/maixcam/maixcam.go
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ func NewMaixCamChannel(
 		bus,
 		bc.AllowFrom,
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	return &MaixCamChannel{
diff --git a/pkg/channels/manager.go b/pkg/channels/manager.go
index d345a5d0b..2294e88bc 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/manager.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/manager.go
@@ -155,6 +155,10 @@ func outboundMessageChannel(msg bus.OutboundMessage) string {
 	return msg.Context.Channel
 }
 
+func outboundMessageChannelType(msg bus.OutboundMessage) string {
+	return msg.Context.ChannelType
+}
+
 func outboundMessageChatID(msg bus.OutboundMessage) string {
 	return msg.ChatID
 }
@@ -178,6 +182,10 @@ func outboundMediaChannel(msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) string {
 	return msg.Context.Channel
 }
 
+func outboundMediaChannelType(msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) string {
+	return msg.Context.ChannelType
+}
+
 func outboundMediaChatID(msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) string {
 	return msg.ChatID
 }
@@ -1200,6 +1208,7 @@ func dispatchLoop[M any](
 	m *Manager,
 	ch <-chan M,
 	getChannel func(M) string,
+	getChannelType func(M) string,
 	enqueue func(context.Context, *channelWorker, M) bool,
 	startMsg, stopMsg, unknownMsg, noWorkerMsg string,
 ) {
@@ -1218,9 +1227,10 @@ func dispatchLoop[M any](
 			}
 
 			channel := getChannel(msg)
+			channelType := getChannelType(msg)
 
 			// Silently skip internal channels
-			if constants.IsInternalChannel(channel) {
+			if constants.IsInternalChannel(channelType) {
 				continue
 			}
 
@@ -1250,6 +1260,7 @@ func (m *Manager) dispatchOutbound(ctx context.Context) {
 		ctx, m,
 		m.bus.OutboundChan(),
 		func(msg bus.OutboundMessage) string { return outboundMessageChannel(msg) },
+		func(msg bus.OutboundMessage) string { return outboundMessageChannelType(msg) },
 		func(ctx context.Context, w *channelWorker, msg bus.OutboundMessage) bool {
 			select {
 			case w.queue <- msg:
@@ -1271,6 +1282,7 @@ func (m *Manager) dispatchOutboundMedia(ctx context.Context) {
 		ctx, m,
 		m.bus.OutboundMediaChan(),
 		func(msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) string { return outboundMediaChannel(msg) },
+		func(msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) string { return outboundMediaChannelType(msg) },
 		func(ctx context.Context, w *channelWorker, msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) bool {
 			select {
 			case w.mediaQueue <- msg:
diff --git a/pkg/channels/matrix/matrix.go b/pkg/channels/matrix/matrix.go
index 04599d6d2..d41ce5ace 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/matrix/matrix.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/matrix/matrix.go
@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@ func NewMatrixChannel(
 		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(65536),
 		channels.WithGroupTrigger(bc.GroupTrigger),
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	ch := &MatrixChannel{
diff --git a/pkg/channels/onebot/onebot.go b/pkg/channels/onebot/onebot.go
index f0d0a890f..8fab76142 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/onebot/onebot.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/onebot/onebot.go
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ func NewOneBotChannel(
 	base := channels.NewBaseChannel("onebot", cfg, messageBus, bc.AllowFrom,
 		channels.WithGroupTrigger(bc.GroupTrigger),
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	const dedupSize = 1024
diff --git a/pkg/channels/pico/client.go b/pkg/channels/pico/client.go
index 009900e01..0dac0facb 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/pico/client.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/pico/client.go
@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@ func NewPicoClientChannel(
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pico_client url is required")
 	}
 
-	base := channels.NewBaseChannel("pico_client", cfg, messageBus, bc.AllowFrom)
+	base := channels.NewBaseChannel("pico_client", cfg, messageBus, bc.AllowFrom,
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
+	)
 
 	return &PicoClientChannel{
 		BaseChannel: base,
diff --git a/pkg/channels/pico/pico.go b/pkg/channels/pico/pico.go
index d1de8f4d5..1c1e120b8 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/pico/pico.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/pico/pico.go
@@ -117,7 +117,9 @@ func NewPicoChannel(
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pico token is required")
 	}
 
-	base := channels.NewBaseChannel("pico", cfg, messageBus, bc.AllowFrom)
+	base := channels.NewBaseChannel("pico", cfg, messageBus, bc.AllowFrom,
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
+	)
 
 	allowOrigins := cfg.AllowOrigins
 	checkOrigin := func(r *http.Request) bool {
@@ -965,12 +967,13 @@ func (c *PicoChannel) handleMessageSend(pc *picoConn, msg PicoMessage) {
 	}
 
 	inboundCtx := bus.InboundContext{
-		Channel:   "pico",
-		ChatID:    chatID,
-		ChatType:  "direct",
-		SenderID:  senderID,
-		MessageID: msg.ID,
-		Raw:       metadata,
+		Channel:     c.bc.Name(),
+		ChannelType: config.ChannelPico,
+		ChatID:      chatID,
+		ChatType:    "direct",
+		SenderID:    senderID,
+		MessageID:   msg.ID,
+		Raw:         metadata,
 	}
 
 	c.HandleInboundContext(c.ctx, chatID, content, media, inboundCtx, sender)
diff --git a/pkg/channels/qq/qq.go b/pkg/channels/qq/qq.go
index 71cba5548..0ce5244fe 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/qq/qq.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/qq/qq.go
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ func NewQQChannel(bc *config.Channel, cfg *config.QQSettings, messageBus *bus.Me
 		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(cfg.MaxMessageLength),
 		channels.WithGroupTrigger(bc.GroupTrigger),
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	return &QQChannel{
diff --git a/pkg/channels/slack/slack.go b/pkg/channels/slack/slack.go
index 19e7b737c..adc22e91f 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/slack/slack.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/slack/slack.go
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ func NewSlackChannel(
 		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(40000),
 		channels.WithGroupTrigger(bc.GroupTrigger),
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	return &SlackChannel{
@@ -381,7 +382,6 @@ func (c *SlackChannel) handleMessageEvent(ev *slackevents.MessageEvent) {
 	})
 
 	inboundCtx := bus.InboundContext{
-		Channel:   c.Name(),
 		Account:   c.teamID,
 		ChatID:    channelID,
 		ChatType:  peerKind,
@@ -456,7 +456,6 @@ func (c *SlackChannel) handleAppMention(ev *slackevents.AppMentionEvent) {
 		"team_id":    c.teamID,
 	}
 	inboundCtx := bus.InboundContext{
-		Channel:   c.Name(),
 		Account:   c.teamID,
 		ChatID:    channelID,
 		ChatType:  mentionPeerKind,
@@ -521,7 +520,6 @@ func (c *SlackChannel) handleSlashCommand(event socketmode.Event) {
 		peerKind = "direct"
 	}
 	inboundCtx := bus.InboundContext{
-		Channel:   c.Name(),
 		Account:   c.teamID,
 		ChatID:    channelID,
 		ChatType:  peerKind,
diff --git a/pkg/channels/teams_webhook/teams_webhook.go b/pkg/channels/teams_webhook/teams_webhook.go
index 837563453..1a526b737 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/teams_webhook/teams_webhook.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/teams_webhook/teams_webhook.go
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ func NewTeamsWebhookChannel(
 			"*",
 		}, // Output-only channel; "*" suppresses misleading "allows EVERYONE" audit warning
 		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(24000), // Power Automate webhook payload limit is 28KB
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	client := goteamsnotify.NewTeamsClient()
diff --git a/pkg/channels/telegram/telegram.go b/pkg/channels/telegram/telegram.go
index 0965bcedc..842709124 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/telegram/telegram.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/telegram/telegram.go
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ func NewTelegramChannel(
 		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(4000),
 		channels.WithGroupTrigger(bc.GroupTrigger),
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	ch := &TelegramChannel{
@@ -1005,7 +1006,6 @@ func (c *TelegramChannel) handleMessages(ctx context.Context, messages []*telego
 	}
 
 	inboundCtx := bus.InboundContext{
-		Channel:   c.Name(),
 		ChatID:    fmt.Sprintf("%d", chatID),
 		ChatType:  peerKind,
 		SenderID:  platformID,
diff --git a/pkg/channels/vk/vk.go b/pkg/channels/vk/vk.go
index b27431ba0..6341177f9 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/vk/vk.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/vk/vk.go
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ func NewVKChannel(channelName string, bc *config.Channel, bus *bus.MessageBus) (
 		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(4000),
 		channels.WithGroupTrigger(bc.GroupTrigger),
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	return &VKChannel{
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/wecom.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/wecom.go
index a0a23feda..7599d703f 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/wecom/wecom.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/wecom/wecom.go
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ func NewChannel(bc *config.Channel, cfg *config.WeComSettings, messageBus *bus.M
 		messageBus,
 		bc.AllowFrom,
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	ch := &WeComChannel{
diff --git a/pkg/channels/weixin/weixin.go b/pkg/channels/weixin/weixin.go
index 2897d2422..f0ecb9554 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/weixin/weixin.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/weixin/weixin.go
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ func NewWeixinChannel(
 		bc.AllowFrom,
 		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(4000),
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	return &WeixinChannel{
diff --git a/pkg/channels/whatsapp/whatsapp.go b/pkg/channels/whatsapp/whatsapp.go
index 4c338b5f4..a81a8c7ad 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/whatsapp/whatsapp.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/whatsapp/whatsapp.go
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ func NewWhatsAppChannel(
 		bc.AllowFrom,
 		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(65536),
 		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(bc.ReasoningChannelID),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
 	)
 
 	return &WhatsAppChannel{
diff --git a/pkg/channels/whatsapp_native/whatsapp_native.go b/pkg/channels/whatsapp_native/whatsapp_native.go
index de4ecfd44..09665a91c 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/whatsapp_native/whatsapp_native.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/whatsapp_native/whatsapp_native.go
@@ -70,7 +70,10 @@ func NewWhatsAppNativeChannel(
 	bus *bus.MessageBus,
 	storePath string,
 ) (channels.Channel, error) {
-	base := channels.NewBaseChannel(name, cfg, bus, bc.AllowFrom, channels.WithMaxMessageLength(65536))
+	base := channels.NewBaseChannel(name, cfg, bus, bc.AllowFrom,
+		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(65536),
+		channels.WithChannelType(bc.Type),
+	)
 	if storePath == "" {
 		storePath = "whatsapp"
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/constants/channels.go b/pkg/constants/channels.go
index 0a46e6cd9..cb6db46b9 100644
--- a/pkg/constants/channels.go
+++ b/pkg/constants/channels.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ var internalChannels = map[string]struct{}{
 }
 
 // IsInternalChannel returns true if the channel is an internal channel.
-func IsInternalChannel(channel string) bool {
-	_, found := internalChannels[channel]
+func IsInternalChannel(channelType string) bool {
+	_, found := internalChannels[channelType]
 	return found
 }
diff --git a/pkg/tools/cron.go b/pkg/tools/cron.go
index a9547eba9..0439d8fbe 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/cron.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/cron.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/constants"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/cron"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/utils"
 )
 
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ type JobExecutor interface {
 
 // CronTool provides scheduling capabilities for the agent
 type CronTool struct {
+	cfg          *config.Config
 	cronService  *cron.CronService
 	executor     JobExecutor
 	msgBus       *bus.MessageBus
@@ -59,6 +61,7 @@ func NewCronTool(
 		execTool.SetTimeout(execTimeout)
 	}
 	return &CronTool{
+		cfg:          config,
 		cronService:  cronService,
 		executor:     executor,
 		msgBus:       msgBus,
@@ -201,7 +204,22 @@ func (t *CronTool) addJob(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *ToolResult
 		if !t.execEnabled {
 			return ErrorResult("command execution is disabled")
 		}
-		if !constants.IsInternalChannel(channel) {
+
+		var channelType string
+		if t.cfg != nil {
+			if ch := t.cfg.Channels.Get(channel); ch != nil {
+				channelType = ch.Type
+			}
+		}
+		// Fallback: if channelType is not determined from config, use channelName
+		if channelType == "" {
+			channelType = channel
+			logger.DebugCF("cron", "Channel type not found in config, falling back to name", map[string]any{
+				"channel_name": channel,
+			})
+		}
+
+		if !constants.IsInternalChannel(channelType) {
 			return ErrorResult("scheduling command execution is restricted to internal channels")
 		}
 		if !t.allowCommand && !commandConfirm {
diff --git a/pkg/tools/shell.go b/pkg/tools/shell.go
index a570ac9ec..d519c31a4 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/shell.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/shell.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/constants"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/isolation"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ func getSessionManager() *SessionManager {
 }
 
 type ExecTool struct {
+	cfg                 *config.Config
 	workingDir          string
 	timeout             time.Duration
 	denyPatterns        []*regexp.Regexp
@@ -169,6 +171,7 @@ func NewExecToolWithConfig(
 	}
 
 	return &ExecTool{
+		cfg:                 cfg,
 		workingDir:          workingDir,
 		timeout:             timeout,
 		denyPatterns:        denyPatterns,
@@ -270,12 +273,30 @@ func (t *ExecTool) executeRun(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *ToolRes
 	// GHSA-pv8c-p6jf-3fpp: block exec from remote channels (e.g. Telegram webhooks)
 	// unless explicitly opted-in via config. Fail-closed: empty channel = blocked.
 	if !t.allowRemote {
-		channel := ToolChannel(ctx)
-		if channel == "" {
-			channel, _ = args["__channel"].(string)
+		channelName := ToolChannel(ctx)
+		if channelName == "" {
+			channelName, _ = args["__channel"].(string)
 		}
-		channel = strings.TrimSpace(channel)
-		if channel == "" || !constants.IsInternalChannel(channel) {
+		channelName = strings.TrimSpace(channelName)
+		if channelName == "" {
+			return ErrorResult("exec is restricted to internal channels")
+		}
+
+		var channelType string
+		if t.cfg != nil {
+			if channelConfig := t.cfg.Channels.Get(channelName); channelConfig != nil {
+				channelType = channelConfig.Type
+			}
+		}
+		// Fallback: if channelType is not determined from config, use channelName
+		if channelType == "" {
+			channelType = channelName
+			logger.DebugCF("shell", "Channel type not found in config, falling back to name", map[string]any{
+				"channel_name": channelName,
+			})
+		}
+
+		if !constants.IsInternalChannel(channelType) {
 			return ErrorResult("exec is restricted to internal channels")
 		}
 	}