diff --git a/.github/workflows/pr.yml b/.github/workflows/pr.yml
index 902d4d4eb..2d544d4f0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pr.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr.yml
@@ -23,10 +23,13 @@ jobs:
         uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v9
         with:
           version: v2.10.1
+          args: --build-tags=goolm,stdjson
 
   vuln_check:
     name: Security Check
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      GOFLAGS: -tags=goolm,stdjson
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
@@ -59,4 +62,4 @@ jobs:
         run: go generate ./...
 
       - name: Run go test
-        run: go test ./...
+        run: go test -tags goolm,stdjson ./...
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 715ee57d0..b869ecc33 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ build/
 # Secrets & Config (keep templates, ignore actual secrets)
 .env
 config/config.json
+.security.yml
+onboard
+
 
 # Test
 coverage.txt
@@ -40,6 +43,7 @@ tasks/
 
 # Plans
 docs/plans/
+docs/superpowers/
 
 # Editors
 .vscode/
@@ -60,5 +64,6 @@ cmd/telegram/
 web/backend/dist/*
 !web/backend/dist/.gitkeep
 
+.claude/
 
-docker/data
\ No newline at end of file
+docker/data
diff --git a/.goreleaser.yaml b/.goreleaser.yaml
index a73f87f30..9c26de34f 100644
--- a/.goreleaser.yaml
+++ b/.goreleaser.yaml
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 # vim: set ts=2 sw=2 tw=0 fo=cnqoj
 version: 2
 
+git:
+  ignore_tags:
+    - nightly
+    - ".*-nightly.*"
+
 before:
   hooks:
     - go mod tidy
@@ -15,6 +20,7 @@ builds:
     env:
       - CGO_ENABLED=0
     tags:
+      - goolm
       - stdjson
     ldflags:
       - -s -w
@@ -57,6 +63,7 @@ builds:
     env:
       - CGO_ENABLED=0
     tags:
+      - goolm
       - stdjson
     ldflags:
       - -s -w
@@ -95,6 +102,7 @@ builds:
     env:
       - CGO_ENABLED=0
     tags:
+      - goolm
       - stdjson
     ldflags:
       - -s -w
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 411cd9dc5..9581fa633 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -17,7 +17,13 @@ LDFLAGS=-X $(CONFIG_PKG).Version=$(VERSION) -X $(CONFIG_PKG).GitCommit=$(GIT_COM
 # Go variables
 GO?=CGO_ENABLED=0 go
 WEB_GO?=$(GO)
-GOFLAGS?=-v -tags stdjson
+GO_BUILD_TAGS?=goolm,stdjson
+GOFLAGS?=-v -tags $(GO_BUILD_TAGS)
+comma:=,
+empty:=
+space:=$(empty) $(empty)
+GO_BUILD_TAGS_NO_GOOLM:=$(subst $(space),$(comma),$(strip $(filter-out goolm,$(subst $(comma),$(space),$(GO_BUILD_TAGS)))))
+GOFLAGS_NO_GOOLM?=-v -tags $(GO_BUILD_TAGS_NO_GOOLM)
 
 # Patch MIPS LE ELF e_flags (offset 36) for NaN2008-only kernels (e.g. Ingenic X2600).
 #
@@ -41,6 +47,13 @@ define PATCH_MIPS_FLAGS
 	fi
 endef
 
+# Patch creack/pty for loong64 support (upstream doesn't have ztypes_loong64.go)
+PTY_PATCH_LOONG64=pty_dir=$$(go env GOMODCACHE)/github.com/creack/pty@v1.1.9; \
+	if [ -d "$$pty_dir" ] && [ ! -f "$$pty_dir/ztypes_loong64.go" ]; then \
+		chmod +w "$$pty_dir" 2>/dev/null || true; \
+		printf '//go:build linux && loong64\npackage pty\ntype (_C_int int32; _C_uint uint32)\n' > "$$pty_dir/ztypes_loong64.go"; \
+	fi
+
 # Golangci-lint
 GOLANGCI_LINT?=golangci-lint
 
@@ -125,20 +138,28 @@ build-launcher:
 	@ln -sf picoclaw-launcher-$(PLATFORM)-$(ARCH) $(BUILD_DIR)/picoclaw-launcher
 	@echo "Build complete: $(BUILD_DIR)/picoclaw-launcher"
 
+## build-launcher-tui: Build the picoclaw-launcher TUI binary
+build-launcher-tui:
+	@echo "Building picoclaw-launcher-tui for $(PLATFORM)/$(ARCH)..."
+	@mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)
+	@$(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -o $(BUILD_DIR)/picoclaw-launcher-tui-$(PLATFORM)-$(ARCH) ./cmd/picoclaw-launcher-tui
+	@ln -sf picoclaw-launcher-tui-$(PLATFORM)-$(ARCH) $(BUILD_DIR)/picoclaw-launcher-tui
+	@echo "Build complete: $(BUILD_DIR)/picoclaw-launcher-tui"
+
 ## build-whatsapp-native: Build with WhatsApp native (whatsmeow) support; larger binary
 build-whatsapp-native: generate
 ## @echo "Building $(BINARY_NAME) with WhatsApp native for $(PLATFORM)/$(ARCH)..."
 	@echo "Building for multiple platforms..."
 	@mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 $(GO) build -tags whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-amd64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 $(GO) build -tags whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 $(GO) build -tags whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=loong64 $(GO) build -tags whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-loong64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=riscv64 $(GO) build -tags whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-riscv64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=mipsle GOMIPS=softfloat $(GO) build -tags whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-mipsle ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 $(GO) build -tags $(GO_BUILD_TAGS),whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-amd64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 $(GO) build -tags $(GO_BUILD_TAGS),whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 $(GO) build -tags $(GO_BUILD_TAGS),whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=loong64 $(GO) build -tags $(GO_BUILD_TAGS),whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-loong64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=riscv64 $(GO) build -tags $(GO_BUILD_TAGS),whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-riscv64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=mipsle GOMIPS=softfloat $(GO) build -tags $(GO_BUILD_TAGS_NO_GOOLM),whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-mipsle ./$(CMD_DIR)
 	$(call PATCH_MIPS_FLAGS,$(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-mipsle)
-	GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 $(GO) build -tags whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-darwin-arm64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 $(GO) build -tags whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-windows-amd64.exe ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 $(GO) build -tags $(GO_BUILD_TAGS),whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-darwin-arm64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 $(GO) build -tags $(GO_BUILD_TAGS),whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-windows-amd64.exe ./$(CMD_DIR)
 ## @$(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -tags whatsapp_native -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BINARY_PATH) ./$(CMD_DIR)
 	@echo "Build complete"
 ##	@ln -sf $(BINARY_NAME)-$(PLATFORM)-$(ARCH) $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)
@@ -147,21 +168,21 @@ build-whatsapp-native: generate
 build-linux-arm: generate
 	@echo "Building for linux/arm (GOARM=7)..."
 	@mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm ./$(CMD_DIR)
 	@echo "Build complete: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm"
 
 ## build-linux-arm64: Build for Linux ARM64 (e.g. Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W 64-bit)
 build-linux-arm64: generate
 	@echo "Building for linux/arm64..."
 	@mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
 	@echo "Build complete: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm64"
 
 ## build-linux-mipsle: Build for Linux MIPS32 LE
 build-linux-mipsle: generate
 	@echo "Building for linux/mipsle (softfloat)..."
 	@mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=mipsle GOMIPS=softfloat $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-mipsle ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=mipsle GOMIPS=softfloat $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS_NO_GOOLM) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-mipsle ./$(CMD_DIR)
 	$(call PATCH_MIPS_FLAGS,$(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-mipsle)
 	@echo "Build complete: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-mipsle"
 
@@ -173,18 +194,19 @@ build-pi-zero: build-linux-arm build-linux-arm64
 build-all: generate
 	@echo "Building for multiple platforms..."
 	@mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-amd64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=loong64 $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-loong64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=riscv64 $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-riscv64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=mipsle GOMIPS=softfloat $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-mipsle ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-amd64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-arm64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	@$(PTY_PATCH_LOONG64)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=loong64 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-loong64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=riscv64 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-riscv64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=mipsle GOMIPS=softfloat $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS_NO_GOOLM) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-mipsle ./$(CMD_DIR)
 	$(call PATCH_MIPS_FLAGS,$(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-mipsle)
-	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-armv7 ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-darwin-arm64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-windows-amd64.exe ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=netbsd GOARCH=amd64 $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-netbsd-amd64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
-	GOOS=netbsd GOARCH=arm64 $(GO) build -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-netbsd-arm64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-linux-armv7 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-darwin-arm64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-windows-amd64.exe ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=netbsd GOARCH=amd64 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-netbsd-amd64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
+	GOOS=netbsd GOARCH=arm64 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) -ldflags "$(LDFLAGS)" -o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(BINARY_NAME)-netbsd-arm64 ./$(CMD_DIR)
 	@echo "All builds complete"
 
 ## install: Install picoclaw to system and copy builtin skills
@@ -221,13 +243,13 @@ clean:
 
 ## vet: Run go vet for static analysis
 vet: generate
-	@packages="$$(go list ./...)" && \
-		$(GO) vet $$(printf '%s\n' "$$packages" | grep -v '^github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/web/')
+	@packages="$$($(GO) list $(GOFLAGS) ./...)" && \
+		$(GO) vet $(GOFLAGS) $$(printf '%s\n' "$$packages" | grep -v '^github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/web/')
 	@cd web/backend && $(WEB_GO) vet ./...
 
 ## test: Test Go code
 test: generate
-	@$(GO) test $$(go list ./... | grep -v github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/web/)
+	@$(GO) test $(GOFLAGS) $$($(GO) list $(GOFLAGS) ./... | grep -v github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/web/)
 	@cd web && make test
 
 ## fmt: Format Go code
@@ -236,11 +258,11 @@ fmt:
 
 ## lint: Run linters
 lint:
-	@$(GOLANGCI_LINT) run
+	@$(GOLANGCI_LINT) run --build-tags $(GO_BUILD_TAGS)
 
 ## fix: Fix linting issues
 fix:
-	@$(GOLANGCI_LINT) run --fix
+	@$(GOLANGCI_LINT) run --fix --build-tags $(GO_BUILD_TAGS)
 
 ## deps: Download dependencies
 deps:
diff --git a/README.fr.md b/README.fr.md
index cbaffc2d1..a4fa628c9 100644
--- a/README.fr.md
+++ b/README.fr.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
   <h1>PicoClaw : Assistant IA Ultra-Efficace en Go</h1>
 
-  <h3>Matériel à $10 · <10 Mo de RAM · Démarrage en <1s · 皮皮虾，我们走！</h3>
+  <h3>Matériel à $10 · 10 Mo de RAM · Démarrage en ms · Let's Go, PicoClaw!</h3>
   <p>
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.25+-00ADD8?style=flat&logo=go&logoColor=white" alt="Go">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Arch-x86__64%2C%20ARM64%2C%20MIPS%2C%20RISC--V%2C%20LoongArch-blue" alt="Hardware">
@@ -24,147 +24,138 @@
 
 ---
 
-> **PicoClaw** est un projet open-source indépendant initié par [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com). Il est entièrement écrit en **Go** — ce n'est pas un fork d'OpenClaw, de NanoBot ou de tout autre projet.
+> **PicoClaw** est un projet open-source indépendant initié par [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com), entièrement écrit en **Go** à partir de zéro — ce n'est pas un fork d'OpenClaw, de NanoBot ou de tout autre projet.
 
-🦐 **PicoClaw** est un assistant personnel IA ultra-léger inspiré de [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot), entièrement réécrit en **Go** via un processus d'auto-amorçage (self-bootstrapping) — où l'agent IA lui-même a piloté l'intégralité de la migration architecturale et de l'optimisation du code.
+**PicoClaw** est un assistant personnel IA ultra-léger inspiré de [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot). Il a été entièrement reconstruit en **Go** via un processus d'auto-amorçage (self-bootstrapping) — l'Agent IA lui-même a piloté la migration architecturale et l'optimisation du code.
+
+**Fonctionne sur du matériel à $10 avec <10 Mo de RAM** — c'est 99% de mémoire en moins qu'OpenClaw et 98% moins cher qu'un Mac mini !
 
-⚡️ **Extrêmement léger :** Fonctionne sur du matériel à seulement **$10** avec **<10 Mo** de RAM. C'est 99% de mémoire en moins qu'OpenClaw et 98% moins cher qu'un Mac mini !
 
 <table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/picoclaw_mem.gif" width="360" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/licheervnano.png" width="400" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-  </tr>
+<tr align="center">
+<td align="center" valign="top">
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/picoclaw_mem.gif" width="360" height="240">
+</p>
+</td>
+<td align="center" valign="top">
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/licheervnano.png" width="400" height="240">
+</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
 </table>
 
 > [!CAUTION]
-> **🚨 SÉCURITÉ & CANAUX OFFICIELS**
+> **Avis de sécurité**
 >
-> * **PAS DE CRYPTO :** PicoClaw n'a **AUCUN** token/jeton officiel. Toute annonce sur `pump.fun` ou d'autres plateformes de trading est une **ARNAQUE**.
->
-> * **DOMAINE OFFICIEL :** Le **SEUL** site officiel est **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)**, et le site de l'entreprise est **[sipeed.com](https://sipeed.com)**.
-> * **Attention :** De nombreux domaines `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` sont enregistrés par des tiers.
-> * **Attention :** PicoClaw est en phase de développement précoce et peut présenter des problèmes de sécurité réseau non résolus. Ne déployez pas en environnement de production avant la version v1.0.
-> * **Note :** PicoClaw a récemment fusionné de nombreuses PR, ce qui peut entraîner une empreinte mémoire plus importante (10–20 Mo) dans les dernières versions. Nous prévoyons de prioriser l'optimisation des ressources dès que l'ensemble des fonctionnalités sera stabilisé.
+> * **PAS DE CRYPTO :** PicoClaw n'a **pas** émis de tokens officiels ni de cryptomonnaie. Toute affirmation sur `pump.fun` ou d'autres plateformes de trading est une **arnaque**.
+> * **DOMAINE OFFICIEL :** Le **SEUL** site officiel est **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)**, et le site de l'entreprise est **[sipeed.com](https://sipeed.com)**
+> * **ATTENTION :** De nombreux domaines `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` ont été enregistrés par des tiers. Ne leur faites pas confiance.
+> * **NOTE :** PicoClaw est en développement rapide précoce. Des problèmes de sécurité non résolus peuvent exister. Ne pas déployer en production avant la v1.0.
+> * **NOTE :** PicoClaw a récemment fusionné de nombreuses PRs. Les builds récents peuvent utiliser 10-20 Mo de RAM. L'optimisation des ressources est prévue après la stabilisation des fonctionnalités.
 
 ## 📢 Actualités
 
-2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 publié !** Interface système tray (Windows & Linux), suivi de statut des sous-agents (`spawn_status`), rechargement à chaud expérimental du gateway, portes de sécurité cron, et 2 correctifs de sécurité. PicoClaw atteint **25K ⭐** !
+2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 publiée !** Interface system tray (Windows & Linux), requête de statut des sous-agents (`spawn_status`), rechargement à chaud expérimental du Gateway, sécurisation Cron, et 2 correctifs de sécurité. PicoClaw a atteint **25K Stars** !
 
-2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — Plus grande mise à jour !** Support du protocole MCP, 4 nouveaux canaux (Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy), 3 nouveaux fournisseurs (Kimi/Minimax/Avian), pipeline de vision, stockage mémoire JSONL, et routage de modèles.
+2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — La plus grande mise à jour à ce jour !** Support du protocole MCP, 4 nouveaux channels (Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy), 3 nouveaux providers (Kimi/Minimax/Avian), pipeline vision, stockage mémoire JSONL, routage de modèles.
 
-2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** publié avec support Docker Compose et lanceur Web UI.
+2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** publiée avec support Docker Compose et Web UI Launcher.
 
-2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw a atteint **20K étoiles** en seulement 17 jours ! L'orchestration automatique des canaux et les interfaces de capacités sont arrivées.
+2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw atteint **20K Stars** en seulement 17 jours ! L'orchestration automatique des channels et les interfaces de capacités sont disponibles.
 
 <details>
 <summary>Actualités précédentes...</summary>
 
-2026-02-16 🎉 PicoClaw a atteint 12K étoiles en une semaine ! Les rôles de mainteneurs communautaires et la [feuille de route](ROADMAP.md) sont officiellement publiés.
+2026-02-16 🎉 PicoClaw dépasse 12K Stars en une semaine ! Rôles de mainteneurs communautaires et [Roadmap](ROADMAP.md) officiellement lancés.
 
-2026-02-13 🎉 PicoClaw a atteint 5000 étoiles en 4 jours ! La Feuille de Route du Projet et le Groupe de Développeurs sont en cours de mise en place.
+2026-02-13 🎉 PicoClaw dépasse 5000 Stars en 4 jours ! Roadmap du projet et groupes de développeurs en cours.
 
-2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw est lancé !** Construit en 1 jour pour apporter les Agents IA au matériel à $10 avec <10 Mo de RAM. 🦐 PicoClaw, c'est parti !
+2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw publié !** Construit en 1 jour pour apporter les Agents IA sur du matériel à $10 avec <10 Mo de RAM. Let's Go, PicoClaw !
 
 </details>
 
+
 ## ✨ Fonctionnalités
 
-🪶 **Ultra-Léger** : Empreinte mémoire <10 Mo — 99% plus petit que les fonctionnalités essentielles d'OpenClaw.*
+🪶 **Ultra-léger** : Empreinte mémoire du cœur <10 Mo — 99% plus petit qu'OpenClaw.*
 
-💰 **Coût Minimal** : Suffisamment efficace pour fonctionner sur du matériel à $10 — 98% moins cher qu'un Mac mini.
+💰 **Coût minimal** : Suffisamment efficace pour fonctionner sur du matériel à $10 — 98% moins cher qu'un Mac mini.
 
-⚡️ **Démarrage Éclair** : Temps de démarrage 400X plus rapide, boot en <1 seconde même sur un cœur unique à 0,6 GHz.
+⚡️ **Démarrage ultra-rapide** : 400x plus rapide au démarrage. Démarre en <1s même sur un processeur monocœur à 0,6 GHz.
 
-🌍 **Véritable Portabilité** : Un seul binaire autonome pour RISC-V, ARM, MIPS et x86. Un clic et c'est parti !
+🌍 **Vraiment portable** : Binaire unique pour les architectures RISC-V, ARM, MIPS et x86. Un seul binaire, fonctionne partout !
 
-🤖 **Auto-Construit par l'IA** : Implémentation native en Go de manière autonome — 95% du cœur généré par l'Agent avec affinement humain dans la boucle.
+🤖 **Auto-amorcé par IA** : Implémentation native pure Go — 95% du code principal a été généré par un Agent et affiné via une révision humaine en boucle.
 
-🔌 **Support MCP** : Intégration native du [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) — connectez n'importe quel serveur MCP pour étendre les capacités de l'agent.
+🔌 **Support MCP** : Intégration native du [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) — connectez n'importe quel serveur MCP pour étendre les capacités de l'Agent.
 
-👁️ **Pipeline de Vision** : Envoyez des images et fichiers directement à l'agent — encodage base64 automatique pour les LLM multimodaux.
+👁️ **Pipeline vision** : Envoyez des images et des fichiers directement à l'Agent — encodage base64 automatique pour les LLMs multimodaux.
 
-🧠 **Routage Intelligent** : Routage de modèles basé sur des règles — les requêtes simples vont vers des modèles légers, économisant les coûts API.
+🧠 **Routage intelligent** : Routage de modèles basé sur des règles — les requêtes simples vont vers des modèles légers, économisant les coûts API.
 
-_*Les versions récentes peuvent utiliser 10–20 Mo en raison des fusions rapides de fonctionnalités. L'optimisation des ressources est prévue. La comparaison de démarrage est basée sur des benchmarks à cœur unique 0,8 GHz (voir tableau ci-dessous)._
+_*Les builds récents peuvent utiliser 10-20 Mo en raison des fusions rapides de PRs. L'optimisation des ressources est prévue. Comparaison de vitesse de démarrage basée sur des benchmarks monocœur à 0,8 GHz (voir tableau ci-dessous)._
 
-|                               | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                  | **PicoClaw**                              |
-| ----------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------------- |
-| **Langage**                   | TypeScript    | Python                   | **Go**                                    |
-| **RAM**                       | >1 Go         | >100 Mo                  | **< 10 Mo***                              |
-| **Démarrage**</br>(cœur 0,8 GHz) | >500s     | >30s                     | **<1s**                                   |
-| **Coût**                      | Mac Mini $599 | La plupart des SBC Linux </br>~$50 | **N'importe quelle carte Linux**</br>**À partir de $10** |
+<div align="center">
+
+|                                | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                  | **PicoClaw**                           |
+| ------------------------------ | ------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
+| **Langage**                    | TypeScript    | Python                   | **Go**                                 |
+| **RAM**                        | >1 Go         | >100 Mo                  | **< 10 Mo***                           |
+| **Temps de démarrage**</br>(cœur 0,8 GHz) | >500s | >30s              | **<1s**                                |
+| **Coût**                       | Mac Mini $599 | La plupart des cartes Linux ~$50 | **N'importe quelle carte Linux**</br>**à partir de $10** |
 
 <img src="assets/compare.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
 
-> 📋 **[Liste de Compatibilité Matérielle](docs/hardware-compatibility.md)** — Voir toutes les cartes testées, du RISC-V à $5 au Raspberry Pi en passant par les téléphones Android. Votre carte n'est pas listée ? Soumettez une PR !
+</div>
+
+> **[Liste de compatibilité matérielle](docs/fr/hardware-compatibility.md)** — Voir toutes les cartes testées, du RISC-V à $5 au Raspberry Pi en passant par les téléphones Android. Votre carte n'est pas listée ? Soumettez une PR !
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/hardware-banner.jpg" alt="PicoClaw Hardware Compatibility" width="100%">
+</p>
 
 ## 🦾 Démonstration
 
-### 🛠️ Flux de Travail Standard de l'Assistant
+### 🛠️ Flux de travail standard de l'assistant
 
 <table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <th><p align="center">🧩 Ingénieur Full-Stack</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🗂️ Gestion des Logs & Planification</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🔎 Recherche Web & Apprentissage</p></th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center">Développer • Déployer • Mettre à l'échelle</td>
-    <td align="center">Planifier • Automatiser • Mémoriser</td>
-    <td align="center">Découvrir • Analyser • Tendances</td>
-  </tr>
+<tr align="center">
+<th><p align="center">Mode Ingénieur Full-Stack</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">Journalisation & Planification</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">Recherche Web & Apprentissage</p></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center">Développer · Déployer · Mettre à l'échelle</td>
+<td align="center">Planifier · Automatiser · Mémoriser</td>
+<td align="center">Découvrir · Analyser · Tendances</td>
+</tr>
 </table>
 
-### 📱 Utiliser sur d'anciens téléphones Android
-
-Donnez une seconde vie à votre téléphone d'il y a dix ans ! Transformez-le en assistant IA intelligent avec PicoClaw. Démarrage rapide :
-
-1. **Installez [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app)** (Téléchargez depuis [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases), ou recherchez sur F-Droid / Google Play).
-2. **Exécutez les commandes**
-
-```bash
-# Téléchargez la dernière version depuis https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases
-wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-pkg install proot
-termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot fournit une disposition standard du système de fichiers Linux
-```
-
-Puis suivez les instructions de la section « Démarrage Rapide » pour terminer la configuration !
-
-<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
-
-### 🐜 Déploiement Innovant à Faible Empreinte
+### 🐜 Déploiement innovant à faible empreinte
 
 PicoClaw peut être déployé sur pratiquement n'importe quel appareil Linux !
 
-- 9,9$ [LicheeRV-Nano](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006519668532.html) version E (Ethernet) ou W (WiFi6), pour un Assistant Domotique Minimaliste
-- 30~$50 [NanoKVM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007369816019.html), ou 100$ [NanoKVM-Pro](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005010048471263.html) pour la Maintenance Automatisée de Serveurs
-- 50$ [MaixCAM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008053333693.html) ou 100$ [MaixCAM2](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/zepan/maixcam2-build-your-next-gen-4k-ai-camera) pour la Surveillance Intelligente
+- $9,9 [LicheeRV-Nano](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006519668532.html) édition E(Ethernet) ou W(WiFi6), pour un assistant domestique minimal
+- $30~50 [NanoKVM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007369816019.html), ou $100 [NanoKVM-Pro](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005010048471263.html), pour des opérations serveur automatisées
+- $50 [MaixCAM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008053333693.html) ou $100 [MaixCAM2](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/zepan/maixcam2-build-your-next-gen-4k-ai-camera), pour la surveillance intelligente
 
 <https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/83055338/547056448-e7b031ff-d6f5-4468-bcca-5726b6fecb5c.mp4>
 
-🌟 Encore plus de scénarios de déploiement vous attendent !
+🌟 D'autres cas de déploiement vous attendent !
+
 
 ## 📦 Installation
 
 ### Télécharger depuis picoclaw.io (Recommandé)
 
-Visitez **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)** — le site officiel détecte automatiquement votre plateforme et propose un téléchargement en un clic. Pas besoin de choisir manuellement une architecture.
+Visitez **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)** — le site officiel détecte automatiquement votre plateforme et fournit un téléchargement en un clic. Pas besoin de choisir manuellement une architecture.
 
 ### Télécharger le binaire précompilé
 
@@ -178,80 +169,418 @@ git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
 cd picoclaw
 make deps
 
-# Compiler, pas besoin d'installer
+# Compiler le binaire principal
 make build
 
+# Compiler le Web UI Launcher (requis pour le mode WebUI)
+make build-launcher
+
 # Compiler pour plusieurs plateformes
 make build-all
 
-# Compiler pour Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W (32-bit : make build-linux-arm ; 64-bit : make build-linux-arm64)
+# Compiler pour Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W (32 bits : make build-linux-arm ; 64 bits : make build-linux-arm64)
 make build-pi-zero
 
-# Compiler et Installer
+# Compiler et installer
 make install
 ```
 
-**Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W :** Utilisez le binaire correspondant à votre OS : Raspberry Pi OS 32-bit → `make build-linux-arm` ; 64-bit → `make build-linux-arm64`. Ou exécutez `make build-pi-zero` pour compiler les deux.
+**Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W :** Utilisez le binaire correspondant à votre OS : Raspberry Pi OS 32 bits -> `make build-linux-arm` ; 64 bits -> `make build-linux-arm64`. Ou exécutez `make build-pi-zero` pour compiler les deux.
 
-## 📚 Documentation
+## 🚀 Guide de démarrage rapide
 
-Pour des guides détaillés, consultez la documentation ci-dessous. Ce README ne couvre que le démarrage rapide.
+### 🌐 WebUI Launcher (Recommandé pour le bureau)
 
-| Sujet | Description |
-|-------|-------------|
-| 🐳 [Docker & Démarrage Rapide](docs/fr/docker.md) | Configuration Docker Compose, modes Launcher/Agent, configuration rapide |
-| 💬 [Applications de Chat](docs/fr/chat-apps.md) | Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix, QQ, Slack, IRC, DingTalk, LINE, Feishu, WeCom, et plus |
-| ⚙️ [Configuration](docs/fr/configuration.md) | Variables d'environnement, structure du workspace, sources de compétences, bac à sable de sécurité, heartbeat |
-| 🔌 [Fournisseurs & Modèles](docs/fr/providers.md) | 20+ fournisseurs LLM, routage de modèles, configuration model_list, architecture des fournisseurs |
-| 🔄 [Spawn & Tâches Asynchrones](docs/fr/spawn-tasks.md) | Tâches rapides, tâches longues avec spawn, orchestration asynchrone de sous-agents |
-| 🐛 [Dépannage](docs/fr/troubleshooting.md) | Problèmes courants et solutions |
-| 🔧 [Configuration des Outils](docs/fr/tools_configuration.md) | Activation/désactivation par outil, politiques exec |
-| 📋 [Compatibilité Matérielle](docs/hardware-compatibility.md) | Cartes testées, exigences minimales, comment ajouter votre carte |
+Le WebUI Launcher fournit une interface basée sur navigateur pour la configuration et le chat. C'est la façon la plus simple de démarrer — aucune connaissance de la ligne de commande requise.
 
-## <img src="assets/clawdchat-icon.png" width="24" height="24" alt="ClawdChat"> Rejoignez le Réseau Social d'Agents
+**Option 1 : Double-clic (Bureau)**
 
-Connectez PicoClaw au Réseau Social d'Agents simplement en envoyant un seul message via le CLI ou n'importe quelle application de chat intégrée.
+Après téléchargement depuis [picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io), double-cliquez sur `picoclaw-launcher` (ou `picoclaw-launcher.exe` sous Windows). Votre navigateur s'ouvrira automatiquement sur `http://localhost:18800`.
+
+**Option 2 : Ligne de commande**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher
+# Ouvrez http://localhost:18800 dans votre navigateur
+```
+
+> [!TIP]
+> **Accès distant / Docker / VM :** Ajoutez le flag `-public` pour écouter sur toutes les interfaces :
+> ```bash
+> picoclaw-launcher -public
+> ```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-webui.jpg" alt="WebUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**Pour commencer :**
+
+Ouvrez le WebUI, puis : **1)** Configurez un Provider (ajoutez votre clé API LLM) -> **2)** Configurez un Channel (ex. Telegram) -> **3)** Démarrez le Gateway -> **4)** Chattez !
+
+Pour la documentation détaillée du WebUI, voir [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io).
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Docker (alternative)</b></summary>
+
+```bash
+# 1. Cloner ce dépôt
+git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
+cd picoclaw
+
+# 2. Premier lancement — génère automatiquement docker/data/config.json puis s'arrête
+#    (se déclenche uniquement quand config.json et workspace/ sont tous deux absents)
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up
+# Le conteneur affiche "First-run setup complete." et s'arrête.
+
+# 3. Définir vos clés API
+vim docker/data/config.json
+
+# 4. Démarrer
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+# Ouvrez http://localhost:18800
+```
+
+> **Utilisateurs Docker / VM :** Le Gateway écoute sur `127.0.0.1` par défaut. Définissez `PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOST=0.0.0.0` ou utilisez le flag `-public` pour le rendre accessible depuis l'hôte.
+
+```bash
+# Vérifier les logs
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml logs -f
+
+# Arrêter
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher down
+
+# Mettre à jour
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml pull
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### 💻 TUI Launcher (Recommandé pour les environnements sans interface / SSH)
+
+Le TUI (Terminal UI) Launcher fournit une interface terminal complète pour la configuration et la gestion. Idéal pour les serveurs, Raspberry Pi et autres environnements sans interface graphique.
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher-tui
+```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-tui.jpg" alt="TUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**Pour commencer :**
+
+Utilisez les menus TUI pour : **1)** Configurer un Provider -> **2)** Configurer un Channel -> **3)** Démarrer le Gateway -> **4)** Chattez !
+
+Pour la documentation détaillée du TUI, voir [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io).
+
+### 📱 Android
+
+Donnez une seconde vie à votre téléphone vieux de dix ans ! Transformez-le en assistant IA intelligent avec PicoClaw.
+
+**Option 1 : Termux (disponible maintenant)**
+
+1. Installez [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app) (téléchargez depuis [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases), ou cherchez dans F-Droid / Google Play)
+2. Exécutez les commandes suivantes :
+
+```bash
+# Télécharger la dernière version
+wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+pkg install proot
+termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot fournit une arborescence Linux standard
+```
+
+Suivez ensuite la section Terminal Launcher ci-dessous pour terminer la configuration.
+
+<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw on Termux" width="512">
+
+**Option 2 : Installation APK (bientôt disponible)**
+
+Un APK Android autonome avec WebUI intégré est en développement. Restez à l'écoute !
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Terminal Launcher (pour les environnements à ressources limitées)</b></summary>
+
+Pour les environnements minimaux où seul le binaire principal `picoclaw` est disponible (sans Launcher UI), vous pouvez tout configurer via la ligne de commande et un fichier de configuration JSON.
+
+**1. Initialiser**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw onboard
+```
+
+Cela crée `~/.picoclaw/config.json` et le répertoire workspace.
+
+**2. Configurer** (`~/.picoclaw/config.json`)
+
+```json
+{
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4"
+    }
+  },
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_key": "sk-your-api-key"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+> Voir `config/config.example.json` dans le dépôt pour un modèle de configuration complet avec toutes les options disponibles.
+
+**3. Chatter**
+
+```bash
+# Question ponctuelle
+picoclaw agent -m "What is 2+2?"
+
+# Mode interactif
+picoclaw agent
+
+# Démarrer le gateway pour l'intégration d'applications de chat
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+
+## 🔌 Providers (LLM)
+
+PicoClaw supporte plus de 30 providers LLM via la configuration `model_list`. Utilisez le format `protocole/modèle` :
+
+| Provider | Protocole | Clé API | Notes |
+|----------|-----------|---------|-------|
+| [OpenAI](https://platform.openai.com/api-keys) | `openai/` | Requise | GPT-5.4, GPT-4o, o3, etc. |
+| [Anthropic](https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys) | `anthropic/` | Requise | Claude Opus 4.6, Sonnet 4.6, etc. |
+| [Google Gemini](https://aistudio.google.com/apikey) | `gemini/` | Requise | Gemini 3 Flash, 2.5 Pro, etc. |
+| [OpenRouter](https://openrouter.ai/keys) | `openrouter/` | Requise | 200+ modèles, API unifiée |
+| [Zhipu (GLM)](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) | `zhipu/` | Requise | GLM-4.7, GLM-5, etc. |
+| [DeepSeek](https://platform.deepseek.com/api_keys) | `deepseek/` | Requise | DeepSeek-V3, DeepSeek-R1 |
+| [Volcengine](https://console.volcengine.com) | `volcengine/` | Requise | Modèles Doubao, Ark |
+| [Qwen](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com/apiKey) | `qwen/` | Requise | Qwen3, Qwen-Max, etc. |
+| [Groq](https://console.groq.com/keys) | `groq/` | Requise | Inférence rapide (Llama, Mixtral) |
+| [Moonshot (Kimi)](https://platform.moonshot.cn/console/api-keys) | `moonshot/` | Requise | Modèles Kimi |
+| [Minimax](https://platform.minimaxi.com/user-center/basic-information/interface-key) | `minimax/` | Requise | Modèles MiniMax |
+| [Mistral](https://console.mistral.ai/api-keys) | `mistral/` | Requise | Mistral Large, Codestral |
+| [NVIDIA NIM](https://build.nvidia.com/) | `nvidia/` | Requise | Modèles hébergés NVIDIA |
+| [Cerebras](https://cloud.cerebras.ai/) | `cerebras/` | Requise | Inférence rapide |
+| [Novita AI](https://novita.ai/) | `novita/` | Requise | Divers modèles open |
+| [Ollama](https://ollama.com/) | `ollama/` | Non requise | Modèles locaux, auto-hébergé |
+| [vLLM](https://docs.vllm.ai/) | `vllm/` | Non requise | Déploiement local, compatible OpenAI |
+| [LiteLLM](https://docs.litellm.ai/) | `litellm/` | Variable | Proxy pour 100+ providers |
+| [Azure OpenAI](https://portal.azure.com/) | `azure/` | Requise | Déploiement Azure entreprise |
+| [GitHub Copilot](https://github.com/features/copilot) | `github-copilot/` | OAuth | Connexion par code appareil |
+| [Antigravity](https://console.cloud.google.com/) | `antigravity/` | OAuth | Google Cloud AI |
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Déploiement local (Ollama, vLLM, etc.)</b></summary>
+
+**Ollama :**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-llama",
+      "model": "ollama/llama3.1:8b",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:11434/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+**vLLM :**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-vllm",
+      "model": "vllm/your-model",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:8000/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+Pour les détails complets de configuration des providers, voir [Providers & Models](docs/fr/providers.md).
+
+</details>
+
+## 💬 Channels (Applications de chat)
+
+Parlez à votre PicoClaw via plus de 17 plateformes de messagerie :
+
+| Channel | Configuration | Protocole | Docs |
+|---------|---------------|-----------|------|
+| **Telegram** | Facile (token bot) | Long polling | [Guide](docs/channels/telegram/README.fr.md) |
+| **Discord** | Facile (token bot + intents) | WebSocket | [Guide](docs/channels/discord/README.fr.md) |
+| **WhatsApp** | Facile (scan QR ou URL bridge) | Natif / Bridge | [Guide](docs/fr/chat-apps.md#whatsapp) |
+| **Weixin** | Facile (scan QR natif) | iLink API | [Guide](docs/fr/chat-apps.md#weixin) |
+| **QQ** | Facile (AppID + AppSecret) | WebSocket | [Guide](docs/channels/qq/README.fr.md) |
+| **Slack** | Facile (token bot + app) | Socket Mode | [Guide](docs/channels/slack/README.fr.md) |
+| **Matrix** | Moyen (homeserver + token) | Sync API | [Guide](docs/channels/matrix/README.fr.md) |
+| **DingTalk** | Moyen (identifiants client) | Stream | [Guide](docs/channels/dingtalk/README.fr.md) |
+| **Feishu / Lark** | Moyen (App ID + Secret) | WebSocket/SDK | [Guide](docs/channels/feishu/README.fr.md) |
+| **LINE** | Moyen (identifiants + webhook) | Webhook | [Guide](docs/channels/line/README.fr.md) |
+| **WeCom Bot** | Moyen (URL webhook) | Webhook | [Guide](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.fr.md) |
+| **WeCom App** | Moyen (identifiants corp) | Webhook | [Guide](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.fr.md) |
+| **WeCom AI Bot** | Moyen (token + clé AES) | WebSocket / Webhook | [Guide](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.fr.md) |
+| **IRC** | Moyen (serveur + pseudo) | Protocole IRC | [Guide](docs/fr/chat-apps.md#irc) |
+| **OneBot** | Moyen (URL WebSocket) | OneBot v11 | [Guide](docs/channels/onebot/README.fr.md) |
+| **MaixCam** | Facile (activer) | Socket TCP | [Guide](docs/channels/maixcam/README.fr.md) |
+| **Pico** | Facile (activer) | Protocole natif | Intégré |
+| **Pico Client** | Facile (URL WebSocket) | WebSocket | Intégré |
+
+> Tous les channels basés sur webhook partagent un seul serveur HTTP Gateway (`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`, par défaut `127.0.0.1:18790`). Feishu utilise le mode WebSocket/SDK et n'utilise pas le serveur HTTP partagé.
+
+Pour les instructions détaillées de configuration des channels, voir [Configuration des applications de chat](docs/fr/chat-apps.md).
+
+## 🔧 Outils
+
+### 🔍 Recherche Web
+
+PicoClaw peut effectuer des recherches sur le web pour fournir des informations à jour. Configurez dans `tools.web` :
+
+| Moteur de recherche | Clé API | Niveau gratuit | Lien |
+|--------------------|---------|----------------|------|
+| DuckDuckGo | Non requise | Illimité | Fallback intégré |
+| [Baidu Search](https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan-api/s/Wmbq4z7e5) | Requise | 1000 requêtes/jour | IA, optimisé pour le chinois |
+| [Tavily](https://tavily.com) | Requise | 1000 requêtes/mois | Optimisé pour les Agents IA |
+| [Brave Search](https://brave.com/search/api) | Requise | 2000 requêtes/mois | Rapide et privé |
+| [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai) | Requise | Payant | Recherche propulsée par IA |
+| [SearXNG](https://github.com/searxng/searxng) | Non requise | Auto-hébergé | Métamoteur de recherche gratuit |
+| [GLM Search](https://open.bigmodel.cn/) | Requise | Variable | Recherche web Zhipu |
+
+### ⚙️ Autres outils
+
+PicoClaw inclut des outils intégrés pour les opérations sur fichiers, l'exécution de code, la planification et plus encore. Voir [Configuration des outils](docs/fr/tools_configuration.md) pour les détails.
+
+## 🎯 Skills
+
+Les Skills sont des capacités modulaires qui étendent votre Agent. Elles sont chargées depuis les fichiers `SKILL.md` dans votre workspace.
+
+**Installer des Skills depuis ClawHub :**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw skills search "web scraping"
+picoclaw skills install <skill-name>
+```
+
+**Configurer le token ClawHub** (optionnel, pour des limites de débit plus élevées) :
+
+Ajoutez à votre `config.json` :
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "skills": {
+      "registries": {
+        "clawhub": {
+          "auth_token": "your-clawhub-token"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Pour plus de détails, voir [Configuration des outils - Skills](docs/fr/tools_configuration.md#skills-tool).
+
+## 🔗 MCP (Model Context Protocol)
+
+PicoClaw supporte nativement [MCP](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) — connectez n'importe quel serveur MCP pour étendre les capacités de votre Agent avec des outils et sources de données externes.
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "mcp": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "servers": {
+        "filesystem": {
+          "enabled": true,
+          "command": "npx",
+          "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/tmp"]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Pour la configuration MCP complète (transports stdio, SSE, HTTP, Tool Discovery), voir [Configuration des outils - MCP](docs/fr/tools_configuration.md#mcp-tool).
+
+## <img src="assets/clawdchat-icon.png" width="24" height="24" alt="ClawdChat"> Rejoignez le réseau social des Agents
+
+Connectez PicoClaw au réseau social des Agents simplement en envoyant un seul message via le CLI ou n'importe quelle application de chat intégrée.
 
 **Lisez `https://clawdchat.ai/skill.md` et suivez les instructions pour rejoindre [ClawdChat.ai](https://clawdchat.ai)**
 
 ## 🖥️ Référence CLI
 
-| Commande                  | Description                        |
-| ------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
-| `picoclaw onboard`        | Initialiser la config & le workspace |
-| `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | Discuter avec l'agent              |
-| `picoclaw agent`          | Mode chat interactif               |
-| `picoclaw gateway`        | Démarrer le gateway                |
-| `picoclaw status`         | Afficher le statut                 |
-| `picoclaw version`        | Afficher les infos de version      |
-| `picoclaw cron list`      | Lister les tâches planifiées       |
-| `picoclaw cron add ...`   | Ajouter une tâche planifiée        |
-| `picoclaw cron disable`   | Désactiver une tâche planifiée     |
-| `picoclaw cron remove`    | Supprimer une tâche planifiée      |
-| `picoclaw skills list`    | Lister les compétences installées  |
-| `picoclaw skills install` | Installer une compétence           |
-| `picoclaw migrate`        | Migrer les données des anciennes versions |
-| `picoclaw auth login`     | S'authentifier auprès des fournisseurs |
-| `picoclaw model`          | Voir ou changer le modèle par défaut |
+| Commande                  | Description                              |
+| ------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
+| `picoclaw onboard`        | Initialiser la config & le workspace     |
+| `picoclaw auth weixin` | Connecter un compte WeChat via QR |
+| `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | Chatter avec l'agent                     |
+| `picoclaw agent`          | Mode chat interactif                     |
+| `picoclaw gateway`        | Démarrer le gateway                      |
+| `picoclaw status`         | Afficher le statut                       |
+| `picoclaw version`        | Afficher les informations de version     |
+| `picoclaw model`          | Voir ou changer le modèle par défaut     |
+| `picoclaw cron list`      | Lister toutes les tâches planifiées      |
+| `picoclaw cron add ...`   | Ajouter une tâche planifiée              |
+| `picoclaw cron disable`   | Désactiver une tâche planifiée           |
+| `picoclaw cron remove`    | Supprimer une tâche planifiée            |
+| `picoclaw skills list`    | Lister les Skills installées             |
+| `picoclaw skills install` | Installer une Skill                      |
+| `picoclaw migrate`        | Migrer les données depuis d'anciennes versions |
+| `picoclaw auth login`     | S'authentifier auprès des providers      |
 
-### Tâches Planifiées / Rappels
+### ⏰ Tâches planifiées / Rappels
 
-PicoClaw prend en charge les rappels planifiés et les tâches récurrentes via l'outil `cron` :
+PicoClaw supporte les rappels planifiés et les tâches récurrentes via l'outil `cron` :
 
-* **Rappels ponctuels** : « Rappelle-moi dans 10 minutes » → se déclenche une fois après 10 min
-* **Tâches récurrentes** : « Rappelle-moi toutes les 2 heures » → se déclenche toutes les 2 heures
-* **Expressions cron** : « Rappelle-moi à 9h chaque jour » → utilise une expression cron
+* **Rappels ponctuels** : "Rappelle-moi dans 10 minutes" -> se déclenche une fois après 10 min
+* **Tâches récurrentes** : "Rappelle-moi toutes les 2 heures" -> se déclenche toutes les 2 heures
+* **Expressions cron** : "Rappelle-moi à 9h chaque jour" -> utilise une expression cron
 
-## 🤝 Contribuer & Feuille de Route
+## 📚 Documentation
 
-Les PR sont les bienvenues ! Le code est intentionnellement petit et lisible. 🤗
+Pour des guides détaillés au-delà de ce README :
 
-Consultez notre [Feuille de Route Communautaire](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/blob/main/ROADMAP.md) complète.
+| Sujet | Description |
+|-------|-------------|
+| [Docker & Démarrage rapide](docs/fr/docker.md) | Configuration Docker Compose, modes Launcher/Agent |
+| [Applications de chat](docs/fr/chat-apps.md) | Guides de configuration pour les 17+ channels |
+| [Configuration](docs/fr/configuration.md) | Variables d'environnement, structure du workspace, sandbox de sécurité |
+| [Providers & Modèles](docs/fr/providers.md) | 30+ providers LLM, routage de modèles, configuration model_list |
+| [Spawn & Tâches asynchrones](docs/fr/spawn-tasks.md) | Tâches rapides, tâches longues avec spawn, orchestration de sous-agents asynchrones |
+| [Hooks](docs/hooks/README.md) | Système de hooks événementiels : observateurs, intercepteurs, hooks d'approbation |
+| [Steering](docs/steering.md) | Injecter des messages dans une boucle agent en cours d'exécution |
+| [SubTurn](docs/subturn.md) | Coordination de subagents, contrôle de concurrence, cycle de vie |
+| [Dépannage](docs/fr/troubleshooting.md) | Problèmes courants et solutions |
+| [Configuration des outils](docs/fr/tools_configuration.md) | Activation/désactivation par outil, politiques d'exécution, MCP, Skills |
+| [Compatibilité matérielle](docs/fr/hardware-compatibility.md) | Cartes testées, exigences minimales |
 
-Groupe de développeurs en construction, rejoignez-nous après votre première PR fusionnée !
+## 🤝 Contribuer & Roadmap
+
+Les PRs sont les bienvenues ! Le code source est intentionnellement petit et lisible.
+
+Consultez notre [Roadmap communautaire](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/issues/988) et [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) pour les directives.
+
+Groupe de développeurs en construction, rejoignez-le après votre première PR fusionnée !
 
 Groupes d'utilisateurs :
 
-discord : <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
+Discord : <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
+
+WeChat :
+<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="WeChat group QR code" width="512">
+
+
+
 
-<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
diff --git a/README.id.md b/README.id.md
index 3f462981c..6d62dcb9b 100644
--- a/README.id.md
+++ b/README.id.md
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <div align="center">
-  <img src="assets/logo.webp" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
+<img src="assets/logo.webp" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
 
-  <h1>PicoClaw: Asisten AI Super Ringan berbasis Go</h1>
+<h1>PicoClaw: Asisten AI Super Ringan berbasis Go</h1>
 
-  <h3>Perangkat Keras $10 · RAM <10MB · Boot <1 Detik · Ayo, Berangkat!</h3>
+<h3>Perangkat Keras $10 · RAM 10MB · Boot ms · Let's Go, PicoClaw!</h3>
   <p>
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.25+-00ADD8?style=flat&logo=go&logoColor=white" alt="Go">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Arch-x86__64%2C%20ARM64%2C%20MIPS%2C%20RISC--V%2C%20LoongArch-blue" alt="Hardware">
@@ -24,135 +24,125 @@
 
 ---
 
-> **PicoClaw** adalah proyek open-source independen yang diinisiasi oleh [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com). Ditulis sepenuhnya dalam **Go** — bukan fork dari OpenClaw, NanoBot, atau proyek lainnya.
+> **PicoClaw** adalah proyek open-source independen yang diinisiasi oleh [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com), ditulis sepenuhnya dalam **Go** — bukan fork dari OpenClaw, NanoBot, atau proyek lainnya.
 
-🦐 PicoClaw adalah asisten AI pribadi yang super ringan, terinspirasi dari [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot), ditulis ulang sepenuhnya dalam Go melalui proses "self-bootstrapping" — di mana AI Agent itu sendiri yang memandu seluruh migrasi arsitektur dan optimasi kode.
+**PicoClaw** adalah asisten AI pribadi yang super ringan, terinspirasi dari [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot). Dibangun ulang dari awal dalam **Go** melalui proses "self-bootstrapping" — AI Agent itu sendiri yang memandu migrasi arsitektur dan optimasi kode.
 
-⚡️ Berjalan di perangkat keras $10 dengan RAM <10MB: Hemat 99% memori dibanding OpenClaw dan 98% lebih murah dibanding Mac mini!
+**Berjalan di perangkat keras $10 dengan RAM <10MB** — hemat 99% memori dibanding OpenClaw dan 98% lebih murah dari Mac mini!
 
 <table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/picoclaw_mem.gif" width="360" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/licheervnano.png" width="400" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-  </tr>
+<tr align="center">
+<td align="center" valign="top">
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/picoclaw_mem.gif" width="360" height="240">
+</p>
+</td>
+<td align="center" valign="top">
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/licheervnano.png" width="400" height="240">
+</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
 </table>
 
 > [!CAUTION]
-> **🚨 KEAMANAN & SALURAN RESMI**
->
-> * **TANPA KRIPTO:** PicoClaw **TIDAK** memiliki token/koin resmi. Semua klaim di `pump.fun` atau platform trading lainnya adalah **PENIPUAN**.
+> **Peringatan Keamanan**
 >
+> * **TANPA KRIPTO:** PicoClaw **tidak** menerbitkan token atau cryptocurrency resmi apa pun. Semua klaim di `pump.fun` atau platform trading lainnya adalah **penipuan**.
 > * **DOMAIN RESMI:** Satu-satunya website resmi adalah **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)**, dan website perusahaan adalah **[sipeed.com](https://sipeed.com)**
-> * **Peringatan:** Banyak domain `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` yang didaftarkan oleh pihak ketiga.
-> * **Peringatan:** PicoClaw masih dalam tahap pengembangan awal dan mungkin memiliki masalah keamanan jaringan yang belum teratasi. Jangan deploy ke lingkungan produksi sebelum rilis v1.0.
-> * **Catatan:** PicoClaw baru-baru ini menggabungkan banyak PR, yang mungkin mengakibatkan penggunaan memori lebih besar (10–20MB) pada versi terbaru. Kami berencana untuk memprioritaskan optimasi sumber daya segera setelah fitur saat ini mencapai kondisi stabil.
+> * **WASPADA:** Banyak domain `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` telah didaftarkan oleh pihak ketiga. Jangan percaya mereka.
+> * **CATATAN:** PicoClaw masih dalam tahap pengembangan awal yang cepat. Mungkin ada masalah keamanan yang belum terselesaikan. Jangan deploy ke produksi sebelum v1.0.
+> * **CATATAN:** PicoClaw baru-baru ini menggabungkan banyak PR. Build terbaru mungkin menggunakan RAM 10-20MB. Optimasi sumber daya direncanakan setelah fitur stabil.
 
 ## 📢 Berita
 
-2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 Dirilis!** UI system tray (Windows & Linux), pelacakan status sub-agent (`spawn_status`), eksperimental gateway hot-reload, gerbang keamanan cron, dan 2 perbaikan keamanan. PicoClaw kini di **25K ⭐**!
+2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 Dirilis!** UI system tray (Windows & Linux), pelacakan status sub-agent (`spawn_status`), eksperimental Gateway hot-reload, gerbang keamanan Cron, dan 2 perbaikan keamanan. PicoClaw telah mencapai **25K Stars**!
 
-2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — Update terbesar!** Dukungan protokol MCP, 4 channel baru (Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy), 3 provider baru (Kimi/Minimax/Avian), pipeline vision, penyimpanan memori JSONL, dan routing model.
+2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — Update terbesar sejauh ini!** Dukungan protokol MCP, 4 channel baru (Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy), 3 provider baru (Kimi/Minimax/Avian), pipeline vision, penyimpanan memori JSONL, routing model.
 
-2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** dirilis dengan dukungan Docker Compose dan launcher Web UI.
+2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** dirilis dengan dukungan Docker Compose dan Web UI Launcher.
 
-2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw mencapai **20K bintang** hanya dalam 17 hari! Orkestrasi channel otomatis dan antarmuka kapabilitas diluncurkan.
+2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw mencapai **20K Stars** hanya dalam 17 hari! Orkestrasi channel otomatis dan antarmuka kapabilitas kini aktif.
 
 <details>
-<summary>Berita lama...</summary>
+<summary>Berita sebelumnya...</summary>
 
-2026-02-16 🎉 PicoClaw mencapai 12K bintang dalam satu minggu! Peran maintainer komunitas dan [roadmap](ROADMAP.md) resmi diposting.
+2026-02-16 🎉 PicoClaw menembus 12K Stars dalam satu minggu! Peran maintainer komunitas dan [Roadmap](ROADMAP.md) resmi diluncurkan.
 
-2026-02-13 🎉 PicoClaw mencapai 5000 bintang dalam 4 hari! Roadmap Proyek dan pengaturan Grup Pengembang sedang berjalan.
+2026-02-13 🎉 PicoClaw menembus 5000 Stars dalam 4 hari! Roadmap proyek dan grup pengembang sedang dalam proses.
 
-2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw Diluncurkan!** Dibangun dalam 1 hari untuk menghadirkan AI Agent ke perangkat keras $10 dengan RAM <10MB. 🦐 PicoClaw, Ayo Berangkat!
+2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw Diluncurkan!** Dibangun dalam 1 hari untuk menghadirkan AI Agent ke perangkat keras $10 dengan RAM <10MB. Let's Go, PicoClaw!
 
 </details>
 
 ## ✨ Fitur
 
-🪶 **Super Ringan**: Penggunaan memori <10MB — 99% lebih kecil dari fungsionalitas inti OpenClaw.*
+🪶 **Super Ringan**: Penggunaan memori inti <10MB — 99% lebih kecil dari OpenClaw.*
 
 💰 **Biaya Minimal**: Cukup efisien untuk berjalan di perangkat keras $10 — 98% lebih murah dari Mac mini.
 
-⚡️ **Secepat Kilat**: Waktu startup 400X lebih cepat, boot dalam <1 detik bahkan di prosesor single core 0,6GHz.
+⚡️ **Boot Secepat Kilat**: Startup 400x lebih cepat. Boot dalam <1 detik bahkan di prosesor single-core 0,6GHz.
 
-🌍 **Portabilitas Sejati**: Satu binary mandiri untuk RISC-V, ARM, MIPS, dan x86, Satu Klik Langsung Jalan!
+🌍 **Portabilitas Sejati**: Satu binary untuk RISC-V, ARM, MIPS, dan x86. Satu binary, jalan di mana saja!
 
-🤖 **AI-Bootstrapped**: Implementasi Go-native secara otonom — 95% kode inti dihasilkan oleh Agent dengan penyempurnaan human-in-the-loop.
+🤖 **AI-Bootstrapped**: Implementasi Go native murni — 95% kode inti dihasilkan oleh Agent dengan penyempurnaan human-in-the-loop.
 
-🔌 **Dukungan MCP**: Integrasi [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) native — hubungkan server MCP mana pun untuk memperluas kapabilitas agent.
+🔌 **Dukungan MCP**: Integrasi [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) native — hubungkan server MCP mana pun untuk memperluas kapabilitas Agent.
 
-👁️ **Pipeline Vision**: Kirim gambar dan file langsung ke agent — encoding base64 otomatis untuk LLM multimodal.
+👁️ **Pipeline Vision**: Kirim gambar dan file langsung ke Agent — encoding base64 otomatis untuk LLM multimodal.
 
 🧠 **Routing Cerdas**: Routing model berbasis aturan — kueri sederhana diarahkan ke model ringan, menghemat biaya API.
 
-_*Versi terbaru mungkin menggunakan 10–20MB karena penggabungan fitur yang cepat. Optimasi sumber daya direncanakan. Perbandingan startup berdasarkan benchmark prosesor single-core 0,8GHz (lihat tabel di bawah)._
+_*Build terbaru mungkin menggunakan 10-20MB karena penggabungan PR yang cepat. Optimasi sumber daya direncanakan. Perbandingan kecepatan boot berdasarkan benchmark single-core 0,8GHz (lihat tabel di bawah)._
 
-|                               | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                  | **PicoClaw**                              |
-| ----------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------------- |
-| **Bahasa**                    | TypeScript    | Python                   | **Go**                                    |
-| **RAM**                       | >1GB          | >100MB                   | **< 10MB***                               |
-| **Startup**</br>(0,8GHz core) | >500d         | >30d                     | **<1d**                                   |
-| **Biaya**                     | Mac Mini $599 | Kebanyakan Linux SBC </br>~$50 | **Semua Board Linux**</br>**Mulai dari $10** |
+<div align="center">
+
+|                                | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                  | **PicoClaw**                           |
+| ------------------------------ | ------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
+| **Bahasa**                     | TypeScript    | Python                   | **Go**                                 |
+| **RAM**                        | >1GB          | >100MB                   | **< 10MB***                            |
+| **Waktu Boot**</br>(core 0,8GHz) | >500d       | >30d                     | **<1d**                                |
+| **Biaya**                      | Mac Mini $599 | Kebanyakan board Linux ~$50 | **Board Linux mana pun**</br>**mulai $10** |
 
 <img src="assets/compare.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
 
+</div>
+
+> **[Daftar Kompatibilitas Hardware](docs/hardware-compatibility.md)** — Lihat semua board yang telah diuji, dari RISC-V $5 hingga Raspberry Pi hingga ponsel Android. Board Anda belum terdaftar? Kirim PR!
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/hardware-banner.jpg" alt="PicoClaw Hardware Compatibility" width="100%">
+</p>
+
 ## 🦾 Demonstrasi
 
 ### 🛠️ Alur Kerja Asisten Standar
 
 <table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <th><p align="center">🧩 Full-Stack Engineer</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🗂️ Pencatatan & Manajemen Perencanaan</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🔎 Pencarian Web & Pembelajaran</p></th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center">Develop • Deploy • Scale</td>
-    <td align="center">Jadwal • Otomasi • Memori</td>
-    <td align="center">Penemuan • Wawasan • Tren</td>
-  </tr>
+<tr align="center">
+<th><p align="center">Mode Full-Stack Engineer</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">Pencatatan & Perencanaan</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">Pencarian Web & Pembelajaran</p></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center">Develop · Deploy · Scale</td>
+<td align="center">Jadwal · Otomasi · Ingat</td>
+<td align="center">Temukan · Wawasan · Tren</td>
+</tr>
 </table>
 
-### 📱 Jalankan di HP Android Lama
-
-Berikan kehidupan kedua untuk HP lama Anda! Ubah menjadi Asisten AI pintar dengan PicoClaw. Panduan Cepat:
-
-1. **Instal [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app)** (Unduh dari [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases), atau cari di F-Droid / Google Play).
-2. **Jalankan perintah**
-
-```bash
-# Unduh rilis terbaru dari https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases
-wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-pkg install proot
-termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard
-```
-
-Kemudian ikuti instruksi di bagian "Panduan Cepat" untuk menyelesaikan konfigurasi!
-
-<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
-
 ### 🐜 Deploy Inovatif dengan Footprint Rendah
 
 PicoClaw dapat di-deploy di hampir semua perangkat Linux!
 
-- $9,9 [LicheeRV-Nano](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006519668532.html) versi E(Ethernet) atau W(WiFi6), untuk Home Assistant Minimal
-- $30~50 [NanoKVM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007369816019.html), atau $100 [NanoKVM-Pro](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005010048471263.html) untuk Pemeliharaan Server Otomatis
-- $50 [MaixCAM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008053333693.html) atau $100 [MaixCAM2](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/zepan/maixcam2-build-your-next-gen-4k-ai-camera) untuk Pemantauan Cerdas
+- $9,9 [LicheeRV-Nano](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006519668532.html) versi E(Ethernet) atau W(WiFi6), untuk home assistant minimal
+- $30~50 [NanoKVM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007369816019.html), atau $100 [NanoKVM-Pro](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005010048471263.html), untuk operasi server otomatis
+- $50 [MaixCAM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008053333693.html) atau $100 [MaixCAM2](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/zepan/maixcam2-build-your-next-gen-4k-ai-camera), untuk pengawasan cerdas
 
 <https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/83055338/547056448-e7b031ff-d6f5-4468-bcca-5726b6fecb5c.mp4>
 
@@ -160,11 +150,15 @@ PicoClaw dapat di-deploy di hampir semua perangkat Linux!
 
 ## 📦 Instalasi
 
-### Instal dengan binary yang sudah dikompilasi
+### Unduh dari picoclaw.io (Direkomendasikan)
 
-Unduh binary untuk platform Anda dari halaman [Releases](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases).
+Kunjungi **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)** — website resmi mendeteksi platform Anda secara otomatis dan menyediakan unduhan satu klik. Tidak perlu memilih arsitektur secara manual.
 
-### Instal dari source (fitur terbaru, disarankan untuk pengembangan)
+### Unduh binary yang sudah dikompilasi
+
+Atau, unduh binary untuk platform Anda dari halaman [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases).
+
+### Build dari source (untuk pengembangan)
 
 ```bash
 git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
@@ -172,78 +166,414 @@ git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
 cd picoclaw
 make deps
 
-# Build, tidak perlu instal
+# Build binary inti
 make build
 
+# Build Web UI Launcher (diperlukan untuk mode WebUI)
+make build-launcher
+
 # Build untuk berbagai platform
 make build-all
 
 # Build untuk Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W (32-bit: make build-linux-arm; 64-bit: make build-linux-arm64)
 make build-pi-zero
 
-# Build dan Instal
+# Build dan instal
 make install
 ```
 
-**Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W:** Gunakan binary yang sesuai dengan OS Anda: Raspberry Pi OS 32-bit → `make build-linux-arm`; 64-bit → `make build-linux-arm64`. Atau jalankan `make build-pi-zero` untuk build keduanya.
+**Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W:** Gunakan binary yang sesuai dengan OS Anda: Raspberry Pi OS 32-bit -> `make build-linux-arm`; 64-bit -> `make build-linux-arm64`. Atau jalankan `make build-pi-zero` untuk build keduanya.
 
-## 📚 Dokumentasi
+## 🚀 Panduan Memulai Cepat
 
-Untuk panduan lengkap, lihat dokumen di bawah. README ini hanya berisi panduan cepat.
+### 🌐 WebUI Launcher (Direkomendasikan untuk Desktop)
 
-| Topik | Deskripsi |
-|-------|-----------|
-| 🐳 [Docker & Panduan Cepat](docs/docker.md) | Pengaturan Docker Compose, mode Launcher/Agent, konfigurasi Panduan Cepat |
-| 💬 [Aplikasi Chat](docs/chat-apps.md) | Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix, QQ, Slack, IRC, DingTalk, LINE, Feishu, WeCom, dan lainnya |
-| ⚙️ [Konfigurasi](docs/configuration.md) | Variabel environment, tata letak workspace, sumber skill, sandbox keamanan, heartbeat |
-| 🔌 [Provider & Model](docs/providers.md) | 20+ provider LLM, routing model, konfigurasi model_list, arsitektur provider |
-| 🔄 [Spawn & Tugas Async](docs/spawn-tasks.md) | Tugas cepat, tugas panjang dengan spawn, orkestrasi sub-agent async |
-| 🐛 [Pemecahan Masalah](docs/troubleshooting.md) | Masalah umum dan solusinya |
-| 🔧 [Konfigurasi Tools](docs/tools_configuration.md) | Aktifkan/nonaktifkan tool, kebijakan exec |
+WebUI Launcher menyediakan antarmuka berbasis browser untuk konfigurasi dan chat. Ini adalah cara termudah untuk memulai — tidak perlu pengetahuan command-line.
+
+**Opsi 1: Klik dua kali (Desktop)**
+
+Setelah mengunduh dari [picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io), klik dua kali `picoclaw-launcher` (atau `picoclaw-launcher.exe` di Windows). Browser Anda akan terbuka otomatis di `http://localhost:18800`.
+
+**Opsi 2: Command line**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher
+# Buka http://localhost:18800 di browser Anda
+```
+
+> [!TIP]
+> **Akses jarak jauh / Docker / VM:** Tambahkan flag `-public` untuk mendengarkan di semua antarmuka:
+> ```bash
+> picoclaw-launcher -public
+> ```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-webui.jpg" alt="WebUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**Memulai:**
+
+Buka WebUI, lalu: **1)** Konfigurasi Provider (tambahkan API key LLM Anda) -> **2)** Konfigurasi Channel (mis. Telegram) -> **3)** Mulai Gateway -> **4)** Chat!
+
+Untuk dokumentasi WebUI lengkap, lihat [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io).
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Docker (alternatif)</b></summary>
+
+```bash
+# 1. Clone repo ini
+git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
+cd picoclaw
+
+# 2. Jalankan pertama kali — otomatis membuat docker/data/config.json lalu keluar
+#    (hanya terpicu ketika config.json dan workspace/ keduanya tidak ada)
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up
+# Container mencetak "First-run setup complete." dan berhenti.
+
+# 3. Atur API key Anda
+vim docker/data/config.json
+
+# 4. Mulai
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+# Buka http://localhost:18800
+```
+
+> **Pengguna Docker / VM:** Gateway mendengarkan di `127.0.0.1` secara default. Atur `PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOST=0.0.0.0` atau gunakan flag `-public` agar dapat diakses dari host.
+
+```bash
+# Cek log
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml logs -f
+
+# Hentikan
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher down
+
+# Update
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml pull
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### 💻 TUI Launcher (Direkomendasikan untuk Headless / SSH)
+
+TUI (Terminal UI) Launcher menyediakan antarmuka terminal lengkap untuk konfigurasi dan manajemen. Ideal untuk server, Raspberry Pi, dan lingkungan headless lainnya.
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher-tui
+```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-tui.jpg" alt="TUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**Memulai:**
+
+Gunakan menu TUI untuk: **1)** Konfigurasi Provider -> **2)** Konfigurasi Channel -> **3)** Mulai Gateway -> **4)** Chat!
+
+Untuk dokumentasi TUI lengkap, lihat [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io).
+
+### 📱 Android
+
+Berikan kehidupan kedua untuk ponsel lama Anda! Ubah menjadi Asisten AI pintar dengan PicoClaw.
+
+**Opsi 1: Termux (tersedia sekarang)**
+
+1. Instal [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app) (unduh dari [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases), atau cari di F-Droid / Google Play)
+2. Jalankan perintah berikut:
+
+```bash
+# Unduh rilis terbaru
+wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+pkg install proot
+termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot menyediakan tata letak filesystem Linux standar
+```
+
+Kemudian ikuti bagian Terminal Launcher di bawah untuk menyelesaikan konfigurasi.
+
+<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw on Termux" width="512">
+
+**Opsi 2: Instal APK (segera hadir)**
+
+APK Android mandiri dengan WebUI bawaan sedang dalam pengembangan. Pantau terus!
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Terminal Launcher (untuk lingkungan dengan sumber daya terbatas)</b></summary>
+
+Untuk lingkungan minimal di mana hanya binary inti `picoclaw` yang tersedia (tanpa Launcher UI), Anda dapat mengonfigurasi semuanya melalui command line dan file konfigurasi JSON.
+
+**1. Inisialisasi**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw onboard
+```
+
+Ini membuat `~/.picoclaw/config.json` dan direktori workspace.
+
+**2. Konfigurasi** (`~/.picoclaw/config.json`)
+
+```json
+{
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4"
+    }
+  },
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_key": "sk-your-api-key"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+> Lihat `config/config.example.json` di repo untuk template konfigurasi lengkap dengan semua opsi yang tersedia.
+
+**3. Chat**
+
+```bash
+# Pertanyaan satu kali
+picoclaw agent -m "What is 2+2?"
+
+# Mode interaktif
+picoclaw agent
+
+# Mulai gateway untuk integrasi aplikasi chat
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## 🔌 Providers (LLM)
+
+PicoClaw mendukung 30+ provider LLM melalui konfigurasi `model_list`. Gunakan format `protocol/model`:
+
+| Provider | Protocol | API Key | Catatan |
+|----------|----------|---------|---------|
+| [OpenAI](https://platform.openai.com/api-keys) | `openai/` | Diperlukan | GPT-5.4, GPT-4o, o3, dll. |
+| [Anthropic](https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys) | `anthropic/` | Diperlukan | Claude Opus 4.6, Sonnet 4.6, dll. |
+| [Google Gemini](https://aistudio.google.com/apikey) | `gemini/` | Diperlukan | Gemini 3 Flash, 2.5 Pro, dll. |
+| [OpenRouter](https://openrouter.ai/keys) | `openrouter/` | Diperlukan | 200+ model, API terpadu |
+| [Zhipu (GLM)](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) | `zhipu/` | Diperlukan | GLM-4.7, GLM-5, dll. |
+| [DeepSeek](https://platform.deepseek.com/api_keys) | `deepseek/` | Diperlukan | DeepSeek-V3, DeepSeek-R1 |
+| [Volcengine](https://console.volcengine.com) | `volcengine/` | Diperlukan | Doubao, model Ark |
+| [Qwen](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com/apiKey) | `qwen/` | Diperlukan | Qwen3, Qwen-Max, dll. |
+| [Groq](https://console.groq.com/keys) | `groq/` | Diperlukan | Inferensi cepat (Llama, Mixtral) |
+| [Moonshot (Kimi)](https://platform.moonshot.cn/console/api-keys) | `moonshot/` | Diperlukan | Model Kimi |
+| [Minimax](https://platform.minimaxi.com/user-center/basic-information/interface-key) | `minimax/` | Diperlukan | Model MiniMax |
+| [Mistral](https://console.mistral.ai/api-keys) | `mistral/` | Diperlukan | Mistral Large, Codestral |
+| [NVIDIA NIM](https://build.nvidia.com/) | `nvidia/` | Diperlukan | Model yang di-host NVIDIA |
+| [Cerebras](https://cloud.cerebras.ai/) | `cerebras/` | Diperlukan | Inferensi cepat |
+| [Novita AI](https://novita.ai/) | `novita/` | Diperlukan | Berbagai model open |
+| [Ollama](https://ollama.com/) | `ollama/` | Tidak perlu | Model lokal, self-hosted |
+| [vLLM](https://docs.vllm.ai/) | `vllm/` | Tidak perlu | Deploy lokal, kompatibel OpenAI |
+| [LiteLLM](https://docs.litellm.ai/) | `litellm/` | Bervariasi | Proxy untuk 100+ provider |
+| [Azure OpenAI](https://portal.azure.com/) | `azure/` | Diperlukan | Deploy Azure enterprise |
+| [GitHub Copilot](https://github.com/features/copilot) | `github-copilot/` | OAuth | Login dengan device code |
+| [Antigravity](https://console.cloud.google.com/) | `antigravity/` | OAuth | Google Cloud AI |
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Deploy lokal (Ollama, vLLM, dll.)</b></summary>
+
+**Ollama:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-llama",
+      "model": "ollama/llama3.1:8b",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:11434/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+**vLLM:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-vllm",
+      "model": "vllm/your-model",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:8000/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+Untuk detail konfigurasi provider lengkap, lihat [Providers & Models](docs/providers.md).
+
+</details>
+
+## 💬 Channels (Aplikasi Chat)
+
+Bicara dengan PicoClaw Anda melalui 17+ platform pesan:
+
+| Channel | Pengaturan | Protocol | Dokumentasi |
+|---------|------------|----------|-------------|
+| **Telegram** | Mudah (bot token) | Long polling | [Panduan](docs/channels/telegram/README.md) |
+| **Discord** | Mudah (bot token + intents) | WebSocket | [Panduan](docs/channels/discord/README.md) |
+| **WhatsApp** | Mudah (scan QR atau bridge URL) | Native / Bridge | [Panduan](docs/chat-apps.md#whatsapp) |
+| **Weixin** | Mudah (scan QR native) | iLink API | [Panduan](docs/chat-apps.md#weixin) |
+| **QQ** | Mudah (AppID + AppSecret) | WebSocket | [Panduan](docs/channels/qq/README.md) |
+| **Slack** | Mudah (bot + app token) | Socket Mode | [Panduan](docs/channels/slack/README.md) |
+| **Matrix** | Sedang (homeserver + token) | Sync API | [Panduan](docs/channels/matrix/README.md) |
+| **DingTalk** | Sedang (client credentials) | Stream | [Panduan](docs/channels/dingtalk/README.md) |
+| **Feishu / Lark** | Sedang (App ID + Secret) | WebSocket/SDK | [Panduan](docs/channels/feishu/README.md) |
+| **LINE** | Sedang (credentials + webhook) | Webhook | [Panduan](docs/channels/line/README.md) |
+| **WeCom Bot** | Sedang (webhook URL) | Webhook | [Panduan](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.md) |
+| **WeCom App** | Sedang (corp credentials) | Webhook | [Panduan](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.md) |
+| **WeCom AI Bot** | Sedang (token + AES key) | WebSocket / Webhook | [Panduan](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.md) |
+| **IRC** | Sedang (server + nick) | IRC protocol | [Panduan](docs/chat-apps.md#irc) |
+| **OneBot** | Sedang (WebSocket URL) | OneBot v11 | [Panduan](docs/channels/onebot/README.md) |
+| **MaixCam** | Mudah (aktifkan) | TCP socket | [Panduan](docs/channels/maixcam/README.md) |
+| **Pico** | Mudah (aktifkan) | Native protocol | Bawaan |
+| **Pico Client** | Mudah (WebSocket URL) | WebSocket | Bawaan |
+
+> Semua channel berbasis webhook berbagi satu server HTTP Gateway (`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`, default `127.0.0.1:18790`). Feishu menggunakan mode WebSocket/SDK dan tidak menggunakan server HTTP bersama.
+
+Untuk instruksi pengaturan channel lengkap, lihat [Konfigurasi Aplikasi Chat](docs/chat-apps.md).
+
+## 🔧 Tools
+
+### 🔍 Pencarian Web
+
+PicoClaw dapat mencari web untuk memberikan informasi terkini. Konfigurasi di `tools.web`:
+
+| Mesin Pencari | API Key | Tier Gratis | Tautan |
+|--------------|---------|-------------|--------|
+| DuckDuckGo | Tidak perlu | Tidak terbatas | Fallback bawaan |
+| [Baidu Search](https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan-api/s/Wmbq4z7e5) | Diperlukan | 1000 kueri/hari | Bertenaga AI, dioptimalkan untuk bahasa Mandarin |
+| [Tavily](https://tavily.com) | Diperlukan | 1000 kueri/bulan | Dioptimalkan untuk AI Agent |
+| [Brave Search](https://brave.com/search/api) | Diperlukan | 2000 kueri/bulan | Cepat dan privat |
+| [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai) | Diperlukan | Berbayar | Pencarian bertenaga AI |
+| [SearXNG](https://github.com/searxng/searxng) | Tidak perlu | Self-hosted | Mesin metasearch gratis |
+| [GLM Search](https://open.bigmodel.cn/) | Diperlukan | Bervariasi | Pencarian web Zhipu |
+
+### ⚙️ Tools Lainnya
+
+PicoClaw menyertakan tools bawaan untuk operasi file, eksekusi kode, penjadwalan, dan lainnya. Lihat [Konfigurasi Tools](docs/tools_configuration.md) untuk detail.
+
+## 🎯 Skills
+
+Skills adalah kapabilitas modular yang memperluas Agent Anda. Dimuat dari file `SKILL.md` di workspace Anda.
+
+**Instal skills dari ClawHub:**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw skills search "web scraping"
+picoclaw skills install <skill-name>
+```
+
+**Konfigurasi token ClawHub** (opsional, untuk rate limit lebih tinggi):
+
+Tambahkan ke `config.json` Anda:
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "skills": {
+      "registries": {
+        "clawhub": {
+          "auth_token": "your-clawhub-token"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Untuk detail lebih lanjut, lihat [Konfigurasi Tools - Skills](docs/tools_configuration.md#skills-tool).
+
+## 🔗 MCP (Model Context Protocol)
+
+PicoClaw mendukung [MCP](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) secara native — hubungkan server MCP mana pun untuk memperluas kapabilitas Agent Anda dengan tools dan sumber data eksternal.
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "mcp": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "servers": {
+        "filesystem": {
+          "enabled": true,
+          "command": "npx",
+          "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/tmp"]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Untuk konfigurasi MCP lengkap (transport stdio, SSE, HTTP, Tool Discovery), lihat [Konfigurasi Tools - MCP](docs/tools_configuration.md#mcp-tool).
 
 ## <img src="assets/clawdchat-icon.png" width="24" height="24" alt="ClawdChat"> Bergabung dengan Jaringan Sosial Agent
 
-Hubungkan Picoclaw ke Jaringan Sosial Agent hanya dengan mengirim satu pesan melalui CLI atau Aplikasi Chat terintegrasi.
+Hubungkan PicoClaw ke Jaringan Sosial Agent hanya dengan mengirim satu pesan melalui CLI atau Aplikasi Chat terintegrasi mana pun.
 
 **Baca `https://clawdchat.ai/skill.md` dan ikuti instruksi untuk bergabung dengan [ClawdChat.ai](https://clawdchat.ai)**
 
 ## 🖥️ Referensi CLI
 
-| Perintah                  | Deskripsi                        |
-| ------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
-| `picoclaw onboard`        | Inisialisasi konfigurasi & workspace |
+| Perintah                   | Deskripsi                        |
+| -------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
+| `picoclaw onboard`         | Inisialisasi konfigurasi & workspace |
+| `picoclaw auth weixin` | Hubungkan akun WeChat via QR |
 | `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | Chat dengan agent                |
-| `picoclaw agent`          | Mode chat interaktif             |
-| `picoclaw gateway`        | Mulai gateway                    |
-| `picoclaw status`         | Tampilkan status                 |
-| `picoclaw version`        | Tampilkan info versi             |
-| `picoclaw cron list`      | Daftar semua tugas terjadwal     |
-| `picoclaw cron add ...`   | Tambah tugas terjadwal           |
-| `picoclaw cron disable`   | Nonaktifkan tugas terjadwal      |
-| `picoclaw cron remove`    | Hapus tugas terjadwal            |
-| `picoclaw skills list`    | Daftar skill yang terinstal      |
-| `picoclaw skills install` | Instal skill                     |
-| `picoclaw migrate`        | Migrasi data dari versi lama     |
-| `picoclaw auth login`     | Autentikasi dengan provider      |
+| `picoclaw agent`           | Mode chat interaktif             |
+| `picoclaw gateway`         | Mulai gateway                    |
+| `picoclaw status`          | Tampilkan status                 |
+| `picoclaw version`         | Tampilkan info versi             |
+| `picoclaw model`           | Lihat atau ganti model default   |
+| `picoclaw cron list`       | Daftar semua tugas terjadwal     |
+| `picoclaw cron add ...`    | Tambah tugas terjadwal           |
+| `picoclaw cron disable`    | Nonaktifkan tugas terjadwal      |
+| `picoclaw cron remove`     | Hapus tugas terjadwal            |
+| `picoclaw skills list`     | Daftar skill yang terinstal      |
+| `picoclaw skills install`  | Instal skill                     |
+| `picoclaw migrate`         | Migrasi data dari versi lama     |
+| `picoclaw auth login`      | Autentikasi dengan provider      |
 
-### Tugas Terjadwal / Pengingat
+### ⏰ Tugas Terjadwal / Pengingat
 
 PicoClaw mendukung pengingat terjadwal dan tugas berulang melalui tool `cron`:
 
-* **Pengingat satu kali**: "Ingatkan saya dalam 10 menit" → terpicu sekali setelah 10 menit
-* **Tugas berulang**: "Ingatkan saya setiap 2 jam" → terpicu setiap 2 jam
-* **Ekspresi cron**: "Ingatkan saya jam 9 pagi setiap hari" → menggunakan ekspresi cron
+* **Pengingat satu kali**: "Ingatkan saya dalam 10 menit" -> terpicu sekali setelah 10 menit
+* **Tugas berulang**: "Ingatkan saya setiap 2 jam" -> terpicu setiap 2 jam
+* **Ekspresi cron**: "Ingatkan saya jam 9 pagi setiap hari" -> menggunakan ekspresi cron
+
+## 📚 Dokumentasi
+
+Untuk panduan lengkap di luar README ini:
+
+| Topik | Deskripsi |
+|-------|-----------|
+| [Docker & Panduan Cepat](docs/docker.md) | Pengaturan Docker Compose, mode Launcher/Agent |
+| [Aplikasi Chat](docs/chat-apps.md) | Semua 17+ panduan pengaturan channel |
+| [Konfigurasi](docs/configuration.md) | Variabel environment, tata letak workspace, sandbox keamanan |
+| [Providers & Models](docs/providers.md) | 30+ provider LLM, routing model, konfigurasi model_list |
+| [Spawn & Tugas Async](docs/spawn-tasks.md) | Tugas cepat, tugas panjang dengan spawn, orkestrasi sub-agent async |
+| [Hooks](docs/hooks/README.md) | Sistem hook berbasis event: observer, interceptor, approval hook |
+| [Steering](docs/steering.md) | Menyuntikkan pesan ke dalam loop agent yang sedang berjalan |
+| [SubTurn](docs/subturn.md) | Koordinasi subagent, kontrol konkurensi, siklus hidup |
+| [Pemecahan Masalah](docs/troubleshooting.md) | Masalah umum dan solusinya |
+| [Konfigurasi Tools](docs/tools_configuration.md) | Aktifkan/nonaktifkan per-tool, kebijakan exec, MCP, Skills |
+| [Kompatibilitas Hardware](docs/hardware-compatibility.md) | Board yang telah diuji, persyaratan minimum |
 
 ## 🤝 Kontribusi & Roadmap
 
-PR sangat diterima! Codebase sengaja dibuat kecil dan mudah dibaca. 🤗
+PR sangat diterima! Codebase sengaja dibuat kecil dan mudah dibaca.
 
-Lihat [Roadmap Komunitas](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/blob/main/ROADMAP.md) lengkap kami.
+Lihat [Roadmap Komunitas](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/issues/988) dan [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) untuk panduan.
 
 Grup pengembang sedang dibangun, bergabunglah setelah PR pertama Anda di-merge!
 
 Grup Pengguna:
 
-discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
+Discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
+
+WeChat:
+<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="Kode QR grup WeChat" width="512">
 
-<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
diff --git a/README.it.md b/README.it.md
index ba2595ecf..90f79043d 100644
--- a/README.it.md
+++ b/README.it.md
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <div align="center">
-  <img src="assets/logo.webp" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
+<img src="assets/logo.webp" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
 
-  <h1>PicoClaw: Assistente IA Ultra-Efficiente in Go</h1>
+<h1>PicoClaw: Assistente IA Ultra-Efficiente in Go</h1>
 
-  <h3>Hardware da $10 · <10MB RAM · Boot in <1s · 皮皮虾，我们走！</h3>
+<h3>Hardware da $10 · 10MB di RAM · Avvio in ms · Let's Go, PicoClaw!</h3>
   <p>
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.25+-00ADD8?style=flat&logo=go&logoColor=white" alt="Go">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Arch-x86__64%2C%20ARM64%2C%20MIPS%2C%20RISC--V%2C%20LoongArch-blue" alt="Hardware">
@@ -24,135 +24,125 @@
 
 ---
 
-> **PicoClaw** è un progetto open-source indipendente avviato da [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com). È scritto interamente in **Go** — non è un fork di OpenClaw, NanoBot o di qualsiasi altro progetto.
+> **PicoClaw** è un progetto open-source indipendente avviato da [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com), scritto interamente in **Go** da zero — non è un fork di OpenClaw, NanoBot o di qualsiasi altro progetto.
 
-🦐 PicoClaw è un assistente IA personale ultra-leggero ispirato a [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot), riscritto da zero in Go attraverso un processo di auto-bootstrapping, in cui l'agente IA stesso ha guidato l'intera migrazione architetturale e l'ottimizzazione del codice.
+**PicoClaw** è un assistente IA personale ultra-leggero ispirato a [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot). È stato riscritto da zero in **Go** attraverso un processo di "auto-bootstrapping" — l'Agent IA stesso ha guidato la migrazione architetturale e l'ottimizzazione del codice.
 
-⚡️ Funziona su hardware da $10 con meno di 10MB di RAM: il 99% di memoria in meno rispetto a OpenClaw e il 98% più economico di un Mac mini!
+**Funziona su hardware da $10 con <10MB di RAM** — il 99% di memoria in meno rispetto a OpenClaw e il 98% più economico di un Mac mini!
 
 <table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/picoclaw_mem.gif" width="360" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/licheervnano.png" width="400" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-  </tr>
+<tr align="center">
+<td align="center" valign="top">
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/picoclaw_mem.gif" width="360" height="240">
+</p>
+</td>
+<td align="center" valign="top">
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/licheervnano.png" width="400" height="240">
+</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
 </table>
 
 > [!CAUTION]
-> **🚨 SICUREZZA & CANALI UFFICIALI**
+> **Avviso di Sicurezza**
 >
-> * **NESSUNA CRYPTO:** PicoClaw non ha **NESSUN** token/coin ufficiale. Qualsiasi annuncio su `pump.fun` o altre piattaforme di trading è una **TRUFFA**.
->
-> * **DOMINIO UFFICIALE:** L'**UNICO** sito ufficiale è **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)**, e il sito aziendale è **[sipeed.com](https://sipeed.com)**.
-> * **Attenzione:** Molti domini `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` sono registrati da terze parti.
-> * **Attenzione:** PicoClaw è in fase di sviluppo iniziale e potrebbe avere problemi di sicurezza di rete non risolti. Non distribuire in ambienti di produzione prima della release v1.0.
-> * **Nota:** PicoClaw ha recentemente unito molte PR, il che potrebbe comportare un'impronta di memoria maggiore (10–20MB) nelle ultime versioni. Prevediamo di dare priorità all'ottimizzazione delle risorse non appena il set di funzionalità corrente raggiungerà uno stato stabile.
+> * **NESSUNA CRYPTO:** PicoClaw **non** ha emesso token o criptovalute ufficiali. Qualsiasi annuncio su `pump.fun` o altre piattaforme di trading è una **truffa**.
+> * **DOMINIO UFFICIALE:** L'**UNICO** sito ufficiale è **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)**, e il sito aziendale è **[sipeed.com](https://sipeed.com)**
+> * **ATTENZIONE:** Molti domini `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` sono stati registrati da terze parti. Non fidarti di essi.
+> * **NOTA:** PicoClaw è in fase di sviluppo iniziale rapido. Potrebbero esserci problemi di sicurezza non risolti. Non distribuire in produzione prima della v1.0.
+> * **NOTA:** PicoClaw ha recentemente unito molte PR. Le build recenti potrebbero usare 10-20MB di RAM. L'ottimizzazione delle risorse è pianificata dopo la stabilizzazione delle funzionalità.
 
 ## 📢 Novità
 
-2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 rilasciata!** Interfaccia system tray (Windows & Linux), tracciamento dello stato dei sub-agent (`spawn_status`), hot-reload sperimentale del gateway, gate di sicurezza per cron e 2 correzioni di sicurezza. PicoClaw raggiunge **25K ⭐**!
+2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 rilasciata!** Interfaccia system tray (Windows & Linux), query sullo stato dei sub-agent (`spawn_status`), hot-reload sperimentale del Gateway, gate di sicurezza per Cron e 2 correzioni di sicurezza. PicoClaw raggiunge **25K Stars**!
 
 2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — Il più grande aggiornamento di sempre!** Supporto al protocollo MCP, 4 nuovi canali (Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy), 3 nuovi provider (Kimi/Minimax/Avian), pipeline di visione, store di memoria JSONL e routing dei modelli.
 
-2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** rilasciata con supporto Docker Compose e launcher Web UI.
+2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** rilasciata con supporto Docker Compose e Web UI Launcher.
 
-2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw ha raggiunto **20K stelle** in soli 17 giorni! Arrivate l'orchestrazione automatica dei canali e le interfacce di capacità.
+2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw raggiunge **20K stelle** in soli 17 giorni! Orchestrazione automatica dei canali e interfacce di capacità sono attive.
 
 <details>
 <summary>Notizie precedenti...</summary>
 
-2026-02-16 🎉 PicoClaw ha raggiunto 12K stelle in una settimana! Ruoli di maintainer della community e [roadmap](ROADMAP.md) pubblicati ufficialmente.
+2026-02-16 🎉 PicoClaw supera 12K stelle in una settimana! Ruoli di maintainer della community e [Roadmap](ROADMAP.md) pubblicati ufficialmente.
 
-2026-02-13 🎉 PicoClaw ha raggiunto 5000 stelle in 4 giorni! Roadmap del progetto e gruppo sviluppatori in fase di avvio.
+2026-02-13 🎉 PicoClaw supera 5000 stelle in 4 giorni! Roadmap del progetto e gruppi sviluppatori in fase di avvio.
 
-2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw lanciato!** Costruito in 1 giorno per portare gli agenti IA su hardware da $10 con <10MB di RAM. 🦐 PicoClaw, andiamo!
+2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw lanciato!** Costruito in 1 giorno per portare gli AI Agent su hardware da $10 con <10MB di RAM. Let's Go, PicoClaw!
 
 </details>
 
 ## ✨ Caratteristiche
 
-🪶 **Ultra-Leggero**: Impronta di memoria <10MB — il 99% più piccolo delle funzionalità principali di OpenClaw.*
+🪶 **Ultra-Leggero**: Impronta di memoria <10MB — il 99% più piccolo rispetto a OpenClaw.*
 
 💰 **Costo Minimo**: Abbastanza efficiente da girare su hardware da $10 — il 98% più economico di un Mac mini.
 
-⚡️ **Avvio Fulmineo**: Tempo di avvio 400 volte più veloce, boot in meno di 1 secondo anche su un singolo core a 0,6 GHz.
+⚡️ **Avvio Fulmineo**: Avvio 400 volte più veloce. Boot in meno di 1 secondo anche su un singolo core a 0,6 GHz.
 
-🌍 **Vera Portabilità**: Singolo binario autonomo per RISC-V, ARM, MIPS e x86. Un click e si parte!
+🌍 **Vera Portabilità**: Singolo binario per RISC-V, ARM, MIPS e x86. Un binario, funziona ovunque!
 
-🤖 **Auto-Costruito dall'IA**: Implementazione nativa in Go in modo autonomo — 95% del core generato dall'Agent con perfezionamento umano nel ciclo.
+🤖 **Auto-Costruito dall'IA**: Implementazione nativa in Go — il 95% del codice core è stato generato da un Agent e perfezionato tramite revisione umana nel ciclo.
 
-🔌 **Supporto MCP**: Integrazione nativa del [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) — connetti qualsiasi server MCP per estendere le capacità dell'agent.
+🔌 **Supporto MCP**: Integrazione nativa del [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) — connetti qualsiasi server MCP per estendere le capacità dell'Agent.
 
-👁️ **Pipeline di Visione**: Invia immagini e file direttamente all'agent — codifica base64 automatica per LLM multimodali.
+👁️ **Pipeline di Visione**: Invia immagini e file direttamente all'Agent — codifica base64 automatica per LLM multimodali.
 
 🧠 **Routing Intelligente**: Routing dei modelli basato su regole — le query semplici vanno verso modelli leggeri, risparmiando sui costi API.
 
-_*Le versioni recenti potrebbero usare 10–20MB a causa delle fusioni rapide di funzionalità. L'ottimizzazione delle risorse è pianificata. Il confronto dell'avvio è basato su benchmark con singolo core a 0,8 GHz (vedi tabella sotto)._
+_*Le build recenti potrebbero usare 10-20MB a causa delle fusioni rapide di PR. L'ottimizzazione delle risorse è pianificata. Il confronto dell'avvio è basato su benchmark con singolo core a 0,8 GHz (vedi tabella sotto)._
 
-|                              | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                                    | **PicoClaw**                                        |
-| ---------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------- |
-| **Linguaggio**               | TypeScript    | Python                                     | **Go**                                              |
-| **RAM**                      | >1GB          | >100MB                                     | **< 10MB***                                         |
-| **Avvio**</br>(core 0,8 GHz) | >500s         | >30s                                       | **<1s**                                             |
-| **Costo**                    | Mac Mini $599 | La maggior parte degli SBC Linux </br>~$50 | **Qualsiasi scheda Linux**</br>**A partire da $10** |
+<div align="center">
+
+|                                | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                  | **PicoClaw**                           |
+| ------------------------------ | ------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
+| **Linguaggio**                 | TypeScript    | Python                   | **Go**                                 |
+| **RAM**                        | >1GB          | >100MB                   | **< 10MB***                            |
+| **Avvio**</br>(core 0,8 GHz)  | >500s         | >30s                     | **<1s**                                |
+| **Costo**                      | Mac Mini $599 | La maggior parte degli SBC Linux ~$50 | **Qualsiasi scheda Linux**</br>**a partire da $10** |
 
 <img src="assets/compare.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
 
+</div>
+
+> **[Lista di Compatibilità Hardware](docs/hardware-compatibility.md)** — Vedi tutte le schede testate, dai $5 RISC-V al Raspberry Pi ai telefoni Android. La tua scheda non è elencata? Invia una PR!
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/hardware-banner.jpg" alt="PicoClaw Hardware Compatibility" width="100%">
+</p>
+
 ## 🦾 Dimostrazione
 
 ### 🛠️ Flussi di Lavoro Standard dell'Assistente
 
 <table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <th><p align="center">🧩 Ingegnere Full-Stack</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🗂️ Gestione Log & Pianificazione</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🔎 Ricerca Web & Apprendimento</p></th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center">Sviluppa • Distribuisci • Scala</td>
-    <td align="center">Pianifica • Automatizza • Memorizza</td>
-    <td align="center">Scopri • Analizza • Tendenze</td>
-  </tr>
+<tr align="center">
+<th><p align="center">Modalità Ingegnere Full-Stack</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">Log & Pianificazione</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">Ricerca Web & Apprendimento</p></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center">Sviluppa · Distribuisci · Scala</td>
+<td align="center">Pianifica · Automatizza · Memorizza</td>
+<td align="center">Scopri · Analizza · Tendenze</td>
+</tr>
 </table>
 
-### 📱 Usa su vecchi telefoni Android
-
-Dai una seconda vita al tuo telefono di dieci anni fa! Trasformalo in un assistente IA intelligente con PicoClaw. Avvio rapido:
-
-1. **Installa [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app)** (Scarica da [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases), o cerca su F-Droid / Google Play).
-2. **Esegui i comandi**
-
-```bash
-# Scarica l'ultima release da https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases
-wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-pkg install proot
-termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard
-```
-
-Poi segui le istruzioni nella sezione "Avvio Rapido" per completare la configurazione!
-
-<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
-
 ### 🐜 Deploy Innovativo a Bassa Impronta
 
 PicoClaw può essere distribuito su quasi qualsiasi dispositivo Linux!
 
-- $9,9 [LicheeRV-Nano](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006519668532.html) versione E (Ethernet) o W (WiFi6), per un Assistente Domotico Minimale
-- $30~50 [NanoKVM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007369816019.html), o $100 [NanoKVM-Pro](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005010048471263.html) per la Manutenzione Automatizzata dei Server
-- $50 [MaixCAM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008053333693.html) o $100 [MaixCAM2](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/zepan/maixcam2-build-your-next-gen-4k-ai-camera) per il Monitoraggio Intelligente
+- $9,9 [LicheeRV-Nano](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006519668532.html) versione E (Ethernet) o W (WiFi6), per un assistente domotico minimale
+- $30~50 [NanoKVM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007369816019.html), o $100 [NanoKVM-Pro](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005010048471263.html), per la manutenzione automatizzata dei server
+- $50 [MaixCAM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008053333693.html) o $100 [MaixCAM2](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/zepan/maixcam2-build-your-next-gen-4k-ai-camera), per la sorveglianza intelligente
 
 <https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/83055338/547056448-e7b031ff-d6f5-4468-bcca-5726b6fecb5c.mp4>
 
@@ -160,11 +150,15 @@ PicoClaw può essere distribuito su quasi qualsiasi dispositivo Linux!
 
 ## 📦 Installazione
 
-### Installa con binario precompilato
+### Scarica da picoclaw.io (Consigliato)
 
-Scarica il binario per la tua piattaforma dalla pagina delle [Releases](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases).
+Visita **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)** — il sito ufficiale rileva automaticamente la tua piattaforma e fornisce il download con un clic. Non è necessario scegliere manualmente l'architettura.
 
-### Installa dai sorgenti (ultime funzionalità, consigliato per lo sviluppo)
+### Scarica il binario precompilato
+
+In alternativa, scarica il binario per la tua piattaforma dalla pagina delle [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases).
+
+### Compila dai sorgenti (per lo sviluppo)
 
 ```bash
 git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
@@ -172,34 +166,348 @@ git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
 cd picoclaw
 make deps
 
-# Compila, senza installare
+# Compila il binario core
 make build
 
+# Compila il Web UI Launcher (necessario per la modalità WebUI)
+make build-launcher
+
 # Compila per più piattaforme
 make build-all
 
 # Compila per Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W (32-bit: make build-linux-arm; 64-bit: make build-linux-arm64)
 make build-pi-zero
 
-# Compila e Installa
+# Compila e installa
 make install
 ```
 
-**Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W:** Usa il binario che corrisponde al tuo OS: Raspberry Pi OS 32-bit → `make build-linux-arm`; 64-bit → `make build-linux-arm64`. Oppure esegui `make build-pi-zero` per compilare entrambi.
+**Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W:** Usa il binario che corrisponde al tuo OS: Raspberry Pi OS 32-bit -> `make build-linux-arm`; 64-bit -> `make build-linux-arm64`. Oppure esegui `make build-pi-zero` per compilare entrambi.
 
-## 📚 Documentazione
+## 🚀 Guida Rapida
 
-Per guide dettagliate, consulta la documentazione qui sotto. Il README copre solo l'avvio rapido.
+### 🌐 WebUI Launcher (Consigliato per Desktop)
 
-| Argomento                                                       | Descrizione                                                                                          |
-| --------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| 🐳 [Docker & Avvio Rapido](docs/docker.md)                       | Configurazione Docker Compose, modalità Launcher/Agent, configurazione rapida                        |
-| 💬 [App di Chat](docs/chat-apps.md)                              | Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix, QQ, Slack, IRC, DingTalk, LINE, Feishu, WeCom e altro           |
-| ⚙️ [Configurazione](docs/it/configuration.md)                    | Variabili d'ambiente, struttura del workspace, sorgenti delle skill, sandbox di sicurezza, heartbeat |
-| 🔌 [Provider & Modelli](docs/providers.md)                       | 20+ provider LLM, routing dei modelli, configurazione model_list, architettura dei provider          |
-| 🔄 [Spawn & Task Asincroni](docs/spawn-tasks.md)                 | Task veloci, task lunghi con spawn, orchestrazione asincrona di sub-agent                            |
-| 🐛 [Risoluzione Problemi](docs/troubleshooting.md)               | Problemi comuni e soluzioni                                                                          |
-| 🔧 [Configurazione degli Strumenti](docs/tools_configuration.md) | Abilitazione/disabilitazione per strumento, politiche exec                                           |
+Il WebUI Launcher fornisce un'interfaccia basata su browser per la configurazione e la chat. È il modo più semplice per iniziare — non è richiesta alcuna conoscenza della riga di comando.
+
+**Opzione 1: Doppio clic (Desktop)**
+
+Dopo aver scaricato da [picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io), fai doppio clic su `picoclaw-launcher` (o `picoclaw-launcher.exe` su Windows). Il browser si aprirà automaticamente su `http://localhost:18800`.
+
+**Opzione 2: Riga di comando**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher
+# Apri http://localhost:18800 nel browser
+```
+
+> [!TIP]
+> **Accesso remoto / Docker / VM:** Aggiungi il flag `-public` per ascoltare su tutte le interfacce:
+> ```bash
+> picoclaw-launcher -public
+> ```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-webui.jpg" alt="WebUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**Per iniziare:**
+
+Apri il WebUI, poi: **1)** Configura un Provider (aggiungi la tua API key LLM) -> **2)** Configura un Channel (es. Telegram) -> **3)** Avvia il Gateway -> **4)** Chatta!
+
+Per la documentazione dettagliata del WebUI, vedi [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io).
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Docker (alternativa)</b></summary>
+
+```bash
+# 1. Clona questo repo
+git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
+cd picoclaw
+
+# 2. Prima esecuzione — genera automaticamente docker/data/config.json poi si ferma
+#    (si attiva solo quando sia config.json che workspace/ sono assenti)
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up
+# Il container stampa "First-run setup complete." e si ferma.
+
+# 3. Imposta le tue API key
+vim docker/data/config.json
+
+# 4. Avvia
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+# Apri http://localhost:18800
+```
+
+> **Utenti Docker / VM:** Il Gateway ascolta su `127.0.0.1` per impostazione predefinita. Imposta `PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOST=0.0.0.0` o usa il flag `-public` per renderlo accessibile dall'host.
+
+```bash
+# Controlla i log
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml logs -f
+
+# Ferma
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher down
+
+# Aggiorna
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml pull
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### 💻 TUI Launcher (Consigliato per Headless / SSH)
+
+Il TUI (Terminal UI) Launcher fornisce un'interfaccia terminale completa per la configurazione e la gestione. Ideale per server, Raspberry Pi e altri ambienti headless.
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher-tui
+```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-tui.jpg" alt="TUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**Per iniziare:**
+
+Usa i menu TUI per: **1)** Configurare un Provider -> **2)** Configurare un Channel -> **3)** Avviare il Gateway -> **4)** Chattare!
+
+Per la documentazione dettagliata del TUI, vedi [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io).
+
+### 📱 Android
+
+Dai una seconda vita al tuo telefono di dieci anni fa! Trasformalo in un assistente IA intelligente con PicoClaw.
+
+**Opzione 1: Termux (disponibile ora)**
+
+1. Installa [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app) (scarica da [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases), o cerca su F-Droid / Google Play)
+2. Esegui i seguenti comandi:
+
+```bash
+# Scarica l'ultima release
+wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+pkg install proot
+termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot fornisce un layout standard del filesystem Linux
+```
+
+Poi segui la sezione Terminal Launcher qui sotto per completare la configurazione.
+
+<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw on Termux" width="512">
+
+**Opzione 2: APK Install (prossimamente)**
+
+Un APK Android standalone con WebUI integrato è in sviluppo. Resta sintonizzato!
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Terminal Launcher (per ambienti con risorse limitate)</b></summary>
+
+Per ambienti minimali dove è disponibile solo il binario core `picoclaw` (senza Launcher UI), puoi configurare tutto tramite riga di comando e un file di configurazione JSON.
+
+**1. Inizializza**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw onboard
+```
+
+Questo crea `~/.picoclaw/config.json` e la directory workspace.
+
+**2. Configura** (`~/.picoclaw/config.json`)
+
+```json
+{
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4"
+    }
+  },
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_key": "sk-your-api-key"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+> Vedi `config/config.example.json` nel repo per un template di configurazione completo con tutte le opzioni disponibili.
+
+**3. Chatta**
+
+```bash
+# Domanda singola
+picoclaw agent -m "Quanto fa 2+2?"
+
+# Modalità interattiva
+picoclaw agent
+
+# Avvia il gateway per l'integrazione con app di chat
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## 🔌 Provider (LLM)
+
+PicoClaw supporta 30+ provider LLM tramite la configurazione `model_list`. Usa il formato `protocollo/modello`:
+
+| Provider | Protocollo | API Key | Note |
+|----------|------------|---------|------|
+| [OpenAI](https://platform.openai.com/api-keys) | `openai/` | Richiesta | GPT-5.4, GPT-4o, o3, ecc. |
+| [Anthropic](https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys) | `anthropic/` | Richiesta | Claude Opus 4.6, Sonnet 4.6, ecc. |
+| [Google Gemini](https://aistudio.google.com/apikey) | `gemini/` | Richiesta | Gemini 3 Flash, 2.5 Pro, ecc. |
+| [OpenRouter](https://openrouter.ai/keys) | `openrouter/` | Richiesta | 200+ modelli, API unificata |
+| [Zhipu (GLM)](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) | `zhipu/` | Richiesta | GLM-4.7, GLM-5, ecc. |
+| [DeepSeek](https://platform.deepseek.com/api_keys) | `deepseek/` | Richiesta | DeepSeek-V3, DeepSeek-R1 |
+| [Volcengine](https://console.volcengine.com) | `volcengine/` | Richiesta | Doubao, modelli Ark |
+| [Qwen](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com/apiKey) | `qwen/` | Richiesta | Qwen3, Qwen-Max, ecc. |
+| [Groq](https://console.groq.com/keys) | `groq/` | Richiesta | Inferenza veloce (Llama, Mixtral) |
+| [Moonshot (Kimi)](https://platform.moonshot.cn/console/api-keys) | `moonshot/` | Richiesta | Modelli Kimi |
+| [Minimax](https://platform.minimaxi.com/user-center/basic-information/interface-key) | `minimax/` | Richiesta | Modelli MiniMax |
+| [Mistral](https://console.mistral.ai/api-keys) | `mistral/` | Richiesta | Mistral Large, Codestral |
+| [NVIDIA NIM](https://build.nvidia.com/) | `nvidia/` | Richiesta | Modelli ospitati NVIDIA |
+| [Cerebras](https://cloud.cerebras.ai/) | `cerebras/` | Richiesta | Inferenza veloce |
+| [Novita AI](https://novita.ai/) | `novita/` | Richiesta | Vari modelli open |
+| [Ollama](https://ollama.com/) | `ollama/` | Non necessaria | Modelli locali, self-hosted |
+| [vLLM](https://docs.vllm.ai/) | `vllm/` | Non necessaria | Deploy locale, compatibile OpenAI |
+| [LiteLLM](https://docs.litellm.ai/) | `litellm/` | Variabile | Proxy per 100+ provider |
+| [Azure OpenAI](https://portal.azure.com/) | `azure/` | Richiesta | Deploy Azure enterprise |
+| [GitHub Copilot](https://github.com/features/copilot) | `github-copilot/` | OAuth | Login con device code |
+| [Antigravity](https://console.cloud.google.com/) | `antigravity/` | OAuth | Google Cloud AI |
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Deploy locale (Ollama, vLLM, ecc.)</b></summary>
+
+**Ollama:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-llama",
+      "model": "ollama/llama3.1:8b",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:11434/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+**vLLM:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-vllm",
+      "model": "vllm/your-model",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:8000/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+Per i dettagli completi sulla configurazione dei provider, vedi [Provider & Modelli](docs/providers.md).
+
+</details>
+
+## 💬 Channel (App di Chat)
+
+Parla con il tuo PicoClaw attraverso 17+ piattaforme di messaggistica:
+
+| Channel | Configurazione | Protocollo | Docs |
+|---------|----------------|------------|------|
+| **Telegram** | Facile (bot token) | Long polling | [Guida](docs/channels/telegram/README.md) |
+| **Discord** | Facile (bot token + intents) | WebSocket | [Guida](docs/channels/discord/README.md) |
+| **WhatsApp** | Facile (QR scan o bridge URL) | Nativo / Bridge | [Guida](docs/chat-apps.md#whatsapp) |
+| **Weixin** | Facile (scan QR nativo) | iLink API | [Guida](docs/chat-apps.md#weixin) |
+| **QQ** | Facile (AppID + AppSecret) | WebSocket | [Guida](docs/channels/qq/README.md) |
+| **Slack** | Facile (bot + app token) | Socket Mode | [Guida](docs/channels/slack/README.md) |
+| **Matrix** | Medio (homeserver + token) | Sync API | [Guida](docs/channels/matrix/README.md) |
+| **DingTalk** | Medio (credenziali client) | Stream | [Guida](docs/channels/dingtalk/README.md) |
+| **Feishu / Lark** | Medio (App ID + Secret) | WebSocket/SDK | [Guida](docs/channels/feishu/README.md) |
+| **LINE** | Medio (credenziali + webhook) | Webhook | [Guida](docs/channels/line/README.md) |
+| **WeCom Bot** | Medio (webhook URL) | Webhook | [Guida](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.md) |
+| **WeCom App** | Medio (credenziali aziendali) | Webhook | [Guida](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.md) |
+| **WeCom AI Bot** | Medio (token + AES key) | WebSocket / Webhook | [Guida](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.md) |
+| **IRC** | Medio (server + nick) | Protocollo IRC | [Guida](docs/chat-apps.md#irc) |
+| **OneBot** | Medio (WebSocket URL) | OneBot v11 | [Guida](docs/channels/onebot/README.md) |
+| **MaixCam** | Facile (abilita) | TCP socket | [Guida](docs/channels/maixcam/README.md) |
+| **Pico** | Facile (abilita) | Protocollo nativo | Integrato |
+| **Pico Client** | Facile (WebSocket URL) | WebSocket | Integrato |
+
+> Tutti i channel basati su webhook condividono un singolo server HTTP Gateway (`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`, default `127.0.0.1:18790`). Feishu usa la modalità WebSocket/SDK e non usa il server HTTP condiviso.
+
+Per istruzioni dettagliate sulla configurazione dei channel, vedi [Configurazione App di Chat](docs/chat-apps.md).
+
+## 🔧 Strumenti
+
+### 🔍 Ricerca Web
+
+PicoClaw può cercare sul web per fornire informazioni aggiornate. Configura in `tools.web`:
+
+| Motore di Ricerca | API Key | Piano Gratuito | Link |
+|-------------------|---------|----------------|------|
+| DuckDuckGo | Non necessaria | Illimitato | Fallback integrato |
+| [Baidu Search](https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan-api/s/Wmbq4z7e5) | Richiesta | 1000 query/giorno | IA, ottimizzato per il cinese |
+| [Tavily](https://tavily.com) | Richiesta | 1000 query/mese | Ottimizzato per AI Agent |
+| [Brave Search](https://brave.com/search/api) | Richiesta | 2000 query/mese | Veloce e privato |
+| [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai) | Richiesta | A pagamento | Ricerca potenziata dall'IA |
+| [SearXNG](https://github.com/searxng/searxng) | Non necessaria | Self-hosted | Metasearch engine gratuito |
+| [GLM Search](https://open.bigmodel.cn/) | Richiesta | Variabile | Ricerca web Zhipu |
+
+### ⚙️ Altri Strumenti
+
+PicoClaw include strumenti integrati per operazioni su file, esecuzione di codice, pianificazione e altro. Vedi [Configurazione degli Strumenti](docs/tools_configuration.md) per i dettagli.
+
+## 🎯 Skill
+
+Le Skill sono capacità modulari che estendono il tuo Agent. Vengono caricate dai file `SKILL.md` nel tuo workspace.
+
+**Installa skill da ClawHub:**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw skills search "web scraping"
+picoclaw skills install <skill-name>
+```
+
+**Configura il token ClawHub** (opzionale, per limiti di frequenza più alti):
+
+Aggiungi al tuo `config.json`:
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "skills": {
+      "registries": {
+        "clawhub": {
+          "auth_token": "your-clawhub-token"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Per maggiori dettagli, vedi [Configurazione degli Strumenti - Skill](docs/tools_configuration.md#skills-tool).
+
+## 🔗 MCP (Model Context Protocol)
+
+PicoClaw supporta nativamente [MCP](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) — connetti qualsiasi server MCP per estendere le capacità del tuo Agent con strumenti e sorgenti di dati esterni.
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "mcp": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "servers": {
+        "filesystem": {
+          "enabled": true,
+          "command": "npx",
+          "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/tmp"]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Per la configurazione MCP completa (trasporti stdio, SSE, HTTP, Tool Discovery), vedi [Configurazione degli Strumenti - MCP](docs/tools_configuration.md#mcp-tool).
 
 ## <img src="assets/clawdchat-icon.png" width="24" height="24" alt="ClawdChat"> Unisciti al Social Network degli Agent
 
@@ -209,41 +517,62 @@ Connetti PicoClaw al Social Network degli Agent semplicemente inviando un singol
 
 ## 🖥️ Riferimento CLI
 
-| Comando                   | Descrizione                            |
-| ------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
-| `picoclaw onboard`        | Inizializza config & workspace         |
-| `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | Chatta con l'agent                     |
-| `picoclaw agent`          | Modalità chat interattiva              |
-| `picoclaw gateway`        | Avvia il gateway                       |
-| `picoclaw status`         | Mostra lo stato                        |
-| `picoclaw version`        | Mostra le info sulla versione          |
-| `picoclaw cron list`      | Elenca tutti i job pianificati         |
-| `picoclaw cron add ...`   | Aggiunge un job pianificato            |
-| `picoclaw cron disable`   | Disabilita un job pianificato          |
-| `picoclaw cron remove`    | Rimuove un job pianificato             |
-| `picoclaw skills list`    | Elenca le skill installate             |
-| `picoclaw skills install` | Installa una skill                     |
+| Comando                   | Descrizione                        |
+| ------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| `picoclaw onboard`        | Inizializza config & workspace     |
+| `picoclaw auth weixin` | Connetti account WeChat tramite QR |
+| `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | Chatta con l'agent                 |
+| `picoclaw agent`          | Modalità chat interattiva          |
+| `picoclaw gateway`        | Avvia il gateway                   |
+| `picoclaw status`         | Mostra lo stato                    |
+| `picoclaw version`        | Mostra le info sulla versione      |
+| `picoclaw model`          | Visualizza o cambia il modello predefinito |
+| `picoclaw cron list`      | Elenca tutti i job pianificati     |
+| `picoclaw cron add ...`   | Aggiunge un job pianificato        |
+| `picoclaw cron disable`   | Disabilita un job pianificato      |
+| `picoclaw cron remove`    | Rimuove un job pianificato         |
+| `picoclaw skills list`    | Elenca le skill installate         |
+| `picoclaw skills install` | Installa una skill                 |
 | `picoclaw migrate`        | Migra i dati dalle versioni precedenti |
 | `picoclaw auth login`     | Autenticazione con i provider          |
 
-### Task Pianificati / Promemoria
+### ⏰ Task Pianificati / Promemoria
 
 PicoClaw supporta promemoria pianificati e task ricorrenti tramite lo strumento `cron`:
 
-* **Promemoria una tantum**: "Ricordami tra 10 minuti" → si attiva una volta dopo 10 min
-* **Task ricorrenti**: "Ricordami ogni 2 ore" → si attiva ogni 2 ore
-* **Espressioni cron**: "Ricordami alle 9 ogni giorno" → usa un'espressione cron
+* **Promemoria una tantum**: "Ricordami tra 10 minuti" -> si attiva una volta dopo 10 min
+* **Task ricorrenti**: "Ricordami ogni 2 ore" -> si attiva ogni 2 ore
+* **Espressioni cron**: "Ricordami alle 9 ogni giorno" -> usa un'espressione cron
+
+## 📚 Documentazione
+
+Per guide dettagliate oltre questo README:
+
+| Argomento | Descrizione |
+|-----------|-------------|
+| [Docker & Avvio Rapido](docs/docker.md) | Configurazione Docker Compose, modalità Launcher/Agent |
+| [App di Chat](docs/chat-apps.md) | Tutte le guide di configurazione per 17+ channel |
+| [Configurazione](docs/configuration.md) | Variabili d'ambiente, struttura del workspace, sandbox di sicurezza |
+| [Provider & Modelli](docs/providers.md) | 30+ provider LLM, routing dei modelli, configurazione model_list |
+| [Spawn & Task Asincroni](docs/spawn-tasks.md) | Task veloci, task lunghi con spawn, orchestrazione asincrona di sub-agent |
+| [Hooks](docs/hooks/README.md) | Sistema di hook event-driven: observer, interceptor, approval hook |
+| [Steering](docs/steering.md) | Iniettare messaggi in un loop agent in esecuzione |
+| [SubTurn](docs/subturn.md) | Coordinamento subagent, controllo concorrenza, ciclo di vita |
+| [Risoluzione Problemi](docs/troubleshooting.md) | Problemi comuni e soluzioni |
+| [Configurazione degli Strumenti](docs/tools_configuration.md) | Abilitazione/disabilitazione per strumento, politiche exec, MCP, Skill |
+| [Compatibilità Hardware](docs/hardware-compatibility.md) | Schede testate, requisiti minimi |
 
 ## 🤝 Contribuisci & Roadmap
 
-Le PR sono benvenute! Il codice è volutamente piccolo e leggibile. 🤗
+Le PR sono benvenute! Il codice è volutamente piccolo e leggibile.
 
-Consulta la nostra [Roadmap della Community](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/blob/main/ROADMAP.md) completa.
+Consulta la nostra [Roadmap della Community](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/issues/988) e [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) per le linee guida.
 
 Gruppo sviluppatori in costruzione, unisciti dopo la tua prima PR accettata!
 
 Gruppi utenti:
 
-discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
+Discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
 
-<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
+WeChat:
+<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="WeChat group QR code" width="512">
diff --git a/README.ja.md b/README.ja.md
index a58f93649..ed63c7012 100644
--- a/README.ja.md
+++ b/README.ja.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
   <h1>PicoClaw: Go で書かれた超効率 AI アシスタント</h1>
 
-  <h3>$10 ハードウェア · <10MB RAM · <1秒起動 · 行くぜ、シャコ！</h3>
+  <h3>$10 ハードウェア · 10MB RAM · ms 起動 · Let's Go, PicoClaw!</h3>
   <p>
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.25+-00ADD8?style=flat&logo=go&logoColor=white" alt="Go">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Arch-x86__64%2C%20ARM64%2C%20MIPS%2C%20RISC--V%2C%20LoongArch-blue" alt="Hardware">
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@
 
 > **PicoClaw** は [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com) が立ち上げた独立したオープンソースプロジェクトです。完全に **Go 言語**で一から書かれており、OpenClaw、NanoBot、その他のプロジェクトのフォークではありません。
 
-🦐 PicoClaw は [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot) にインスパイアされた超軽量パーソナル AI アシスタントです。Go でゼロからリファクタリングされ、AI エージェント自身がアーキテクチャの移行とコード最適化を推進するセルフブートストラッピングプロセスで構築されました。
+**PicoClaw** は [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot) にインスパイアされた超軽量パーソナル AI アシスタントです。**Go** でゼロからリビルドされ、「セルフブートストラッピング」プロセスで構築されました — AI Agent 自身がアーキテクチャの移行とコード最適化を推進しました。
 
-⚡️ $10 のハードウェアで 10MB 未満の RAM で動作：OpenClaw より 99% 少ないメモリ、Mac mini より 98% 安い！
+**$10 のハードウェアで 10MB 未満の RAM で動作** — OpenClaw より 99% 少ないメモリ、Mac mini より 98% 安い！
 
 <table align="center">
   <tr align="center">
@@ -46,24 +46,23 @@
 </table>
 
 > [!CAUTION]
-> **🚨 セキュリティ＆公式チャンネル**
+> **セキュリティに関する注意**
 >
 > * **暗号通貨なし:** PicoClaw には公式トークン/コインは**一切ありません**。`pump.fun` やその他の取引プラットフォームでの主張はすべて**詐欺**です。
->
 > * **公式ドメイン:** **唯一**の公式サイトは **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)**、企業サイトは **[sipeed.com](https://sipeed.com)** です。
-> * **注意:** 多くの `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` ドメインは第三者によって登録されています。
-> * **注意:** PicoClaw は初期開発段階にあり、未解決のネットワークセキュリティ問題がある可能性があります。v1.0 リリース前に本番環境へのデプロイは避けてください。
+> * **注意:** 多くの `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` ドメインは第三者によって登録されています。信頼しないでください。
+> * **注記:** PicoClaw は初期開発段階にあり、未解決のネットワークセキュリティ問題がある可能性があります。v1.0 リリース前に本番環境へのデプロイは避けてください。
 > * **注記:** PicoClaw は最近多くの PR をマージしており、最新バージョンではメモリフットプリントが大きくなる場合があります（10〜20MB）。機能セットが安定次第、リソース最適化を優先する予定です。
 
 ## 📢 ニュース
 
-2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 リリース！** システムトレイ UI（Windows & Linux）、サブエージェントステータス追跡（`spawn_status`）、実験的ゲートウェイホットリロード、cron セキュリティゲート、セキュリティ修正 2 件。PicoClaw **25K ⭐** 達成！
+2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 リリース！** システムトレイ UI（Windows & Linux）、サブエージェントステータス追跡（`spawn_status`）、実験的 Gateway ホットリロード、cron セキュリティゲート、セキュリティ修正 2 件。PicoClaw **25K ⭐** 達成！
 
-2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — 史上最大のアップデート！** MCP プロトコル対応、4 つの新チャネル（Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy）、3 つの新プロバイダー（Kimi/Minimax/Avian）、ビジョンパイプライン、JSONL メモリストア、モデルルーティング。
+2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — 史上最大のアップデート！** MCP プロトコル対応、4 つの新 Channel（Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy）、3 つの新 Provider（Kimi/Minimax/Avian）、ビジョンパイプライン、JSONL メモリストア、モデルルーティング。
 
-2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** リリース — Docker Compose 対応と Web UI ランチャー。
+2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** リリース — Docker Compose 対応と Web UI Launcher。
 
-2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw がわずか 17 日で **20K スター** 達成！チャネル自動オーケストレーションとケイパビリティインターフェースが実装されました。
+2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw がわずか 17 日で **20K スター** 達成！Channel 自動オーケストレーションとケイパビリティインターフェースが実装されました。
 
 <details>
 <summary>過去のニュース...</summary>
@@ -72,82 +71,71 @@
 
 2026-02-13 🎉 PicoClaw が 4 日間で 5000 スター達成！プロジェクトロードマップと開発者グループの準備が進行中。
 
-2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw リリース！** $10 ハードウェアで 10MB 未満の RAM で動く AI エージェントを 1 日で構築。🦐 行くぜ、シャコ！
+2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw リリース！** $10 ハードウェアで 10MB 未満の RAM で動く AI Agent を 1 日で構築。Let's Go, PicoClaw!
 
 </details>
 
 ## ✨ 特徴
 
-🪶 **超軽量**: メモリフットプリント 10MB 未満 — OpenClaw のコア機能より 99% 小さい。*
+🪶 **超軽量**: コアメモリフットプリント 10MB 未満 — OpenClaw より 99% 小さい。*
 
 💰 **最小コスト**: $10 ハードウェアで動作 — Mac mini より 98% 安い。
 
-⚡️ **超高速**: 起動時間 400 倍高速、0.6GHz シングルコアでも 1 秒未満で起動。
+⚡️ **超高速起動**: 起動時間 400 倍高速。0.6GHz シングルコアでも 1 秒未満で起動。
 
-🌍 **真のポータビリティ**: RISC-V、ARM、MIPS、x86 対応の単一バイナリ。ワンクリックで Go！
+🌍 **真のポータビリティ**: RISC-V、ARM、MIPS、x86 対応の単一バイナリ。どこでも動く！
 
-🤖 **AI ブートストラップ**: 自律的な Go ネイティブ実装 — コアの 95% が AI 生成、人間によるレビュー付き。
+🤖 **AI ブートストラップ**: 純粋な Go ネイティブ実装 — コアコードの 95% が Agent によって生成され、人間によるレビューで調整。
 
-🔌 **MCP 対応**: ネイティブ [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) 統合 — 任意の MCP サーバーに接続してエージェント機能を拡張。
+🔌 **MCP 対応**: ネイティブ [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) 統合 — 任意の MCP サーバーに接続して Agent 機能を拡張。
 
-👁️ **ビジョンパイプライン**: 画像やファイルをエージェントに直接送信 — マルチモーダル LLM 向けの自動 base64 エンコーディング。
+👁️ **ビジョンパイプライン**: 画像やファイルを Agent に直接送信 — マルチモーダル LLM 向けの自動 base64 エンコーディング。
 
 🧠 **スマートルーティング**: ルールベースのモデルルーティング — 簡単なクエリは軽量モデルへ、API コストを節約。
 
-_*最近のバージョンでは急速な機能マージにより 10〜20MB になる場合があります。リソース最適化は計画中です。起動時間の比較は 0.8GHz シングルコアベンチマークに基づいています（下表参照）。_
+_*最近のバージョンでは急速な PR マージにより 10〜20MB になる場合があります。リソース最適化は計画中です。起動時間の比較は 0.8GHz シングルコアベンチマークに基づいています（下表参照）。_
 
-|                                | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                    | **PicoClaw**                               |
-| ------------------------------ | ------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
-| **言語**                       | TypeScript    | Python                     | **Go**                                     |
-| **RAM**                        | >1GB          | >100MB                     | **< 10MB***                                |
-| **起動時間**</br>(0.8GHz コア) | >500秒        | >30秒                      | **<1秒**                                   |
-| **コスト**                     | Mac Mini $599 | 大半の Linux SBC </br>~$50 | **あらゆる Linux ボード**</br>**最安 $10** |
+<div align="center">
+
+|                                | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                  | **PicoClaw**                           |
+| ------------------------------ | ------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
+| **言語**                       | TypeScript    | Python                   | **Go**                                 |
+| **RAM**                        | >1GB          | >100MB                   | **< 10MB***                            |
+| **起動時間**</br>(0.8GHz コア) | >500秒        | >30秒                    | **<1秒**                               |
+| **コスト**                     | Mac Mini $599 | 大半の Linux ボード ~$50 | **あらゆる Linux ボード**</br>**最安 $10** |
 
 <img src="assets/compare.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
 
-> 📋 **[ハードウェア互換性リスト](docs/hardware-compatibility.md)** — テスト済みの全ボード一覧（$5 RISC-V から Raspberry Pi、Android スマートフォンまで）。お使いのボードが未掲載？PR を送ってください！
+</div>
+
+> **[ハードウェア互換性リスト](docs/ja/hardware-compatibility.md)** — テスト済みの全ボード一覧（$5 RISC-V から Raspberry Pi、Android スマートフォンまで）。お使いのボードが未掲載？PR を送ってください！
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/hardware-banner.jpg" alt="PicoClaw Hardware Compatibility" width="100%">
+</p>
 
 ## 🦾 デモンストレーション
 
 ### 🛠️ スタンダードアシスタントワークフロー
 
 <table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <th><p align="center">🧩 フルスタックエンジニア</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🗂️ ログ＆計画管理</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🔎 Web 検索＆学習</p></th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center">開発 · デプロイ · スケール</td>
-    <td align="center">スケジュール · 自動化 · メモリ</td>
-    <td align="center">発見 · インサイト · トレンド</td>
-  </tr>
+<tr align="center">
+<th><p align="center">フルスタックエンジニアモード</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">ログ＆計画管理</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">Web 検索＆学習</p></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center">開発 · デプロイ · スケール</td>
+<td align="center">スケジュール · 自動化 · メモリ</td>
+<td align="center">発見 · インサイト · トレンド</td>
+</tr>
 </table>
 
-### 📱 古い Android スマホで動かす
-
-10 年前のスマホに第二の人生を！PicoClaw でスマート AI アシスタントに変身させましょう。クイックスタート：
-
-1. **[Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app) をインストール**（[GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases) からダウンロード、または F-Droid / Google Play で検索）。
-2. **コマンドを実行**
-
-```bash
-# https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases から最新リリースをダウンロード
-wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-pkg install proot
-termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot で標準的な Linux ファイルシステムレイアウトを提供
-```
-
-その後「クイックスタート」セクションの手順に従って設定を完了してください！
-
-<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
-
 ### 🐜 革新的な省フットプリントデプロイ
 
 PicoClaw はほぼすべての Linux デバイスにデプロイできます！
@@ -178,9 +166,12 @@ git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
 cd picoclaw
 make deps
 
-# ビルド（インストール不要）
+# コアバイナリをビルド
 make build
 
+# Web UI Launcher をビルド（WebUI モードに必要）
+make build-launcher
+
 # 複数プラットフォーム向けビルド
 make build-all
 
@@ -193,20 +184,330 @@ make install
 
 **Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W:** OS に合ったバイナリを使用してください：32-bit Raspberry Pi OS → `make build-linux-arm`、64-bit → `make build-linux-arm64`。または `make build-pi-zero` で両方をビルド。
 
-## 📚 ドキュメント
+## 🚀 クイックスタートガイド
 
-詳細なガイドは以下のドキュメントを参照してください。この README はクイックスタートのみをカバーしています。
+### 🌐 WebUI Launcher（デスクトップ向け推奨）
 
-| トピック | 説明 |
-|---------|------|
-| 🐳 [Docker & クイックスタート](docs/ja/docker.md) | Docker Compose セットアップ、Launcher/Agent モード、クイックスタート設定 |
-| 💬 [チャットアプリ](docs/ja/chat-apps.md) | Telegram、Discord、WhatsApp、Matrix、QQ、Slack、IRC、DingTalk、LINE、Feishu、WeCom など |
-| ⚙️ [設定](docs/ja/configuration.md) | 環境変数、ワークスペース構成、スキルソース、セキュリティサンドボックス、ハートビート |
-| 🔌 [プロバイダー＆モデル](docs/ja/providers.md) | 20 以上の LLM プロバイダー、モデルルーティング、model_list 設定、プロバイダーアーキテクチャ |
-| 🔄 [Spawn & 非同期タスク](docs/ja/spawn-tasks.md) | クイックタスク、spawn による長時間タスク、非同期サブエージェントオーケストレーション |
-| 🐛 [トラブルシューティング](docs/ja/troubleshooting.md) | よくある問題と解決策 |
-| 🔧 [ツール設定](docs/ja/tools_configuration.md) | ツールごとの有効/無効、exec ポリシー |
-| 📋 [ハードウェア互換性](docs/hardware-compatibility.md) | テスト済みボード、最小要件、ボードの追加方法 |
+WebUI Launcher はブラウザベースの設定・チャットインターフェースを提供します。コマンドラインの知識不要で、最も簡単に始められる方法です。
+
+**オプション 1: ダブルクリック（デスクトップ）**
+
+[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io) からダウンロード後、`picoclaw-launcher`（Windows では `picoclaw-launcher.exe`）をダブルクリックしてください。ブラウザが自動的に `http://localhost:18800` を開きます。
+
+**オプション 2: コマンドライン**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher
+# ブラウザで http://localhost:18800 を開く
+```
+
+> [!TIP]
+> **リモートアクセス / Docker / VM:** すべてのインターフェースでリッスンするには `-public` フラグを追加してください：
+> ```bash
+> picoclaw-launcher -public
+> ```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-webui.jpg" alt="WebUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**始め方:**
+
+WebUI を開いたら：**1)** Provider を設定（LLM API キーを追加）→ **2)** Channel を設定（例：Telegram）→ **3)** Gateway を起動 → **4)** チャット！
+
+WebUI の詳細なドキュメントは [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io) を参照してください。
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Docker（代替手段）</b></summary>
+
+```bash
+# 1. このリポジトリをクローン
+git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
+cd picoclaw
+
+# 2. 初回実行 — docker/data/config.json を自動生成して終了
+#    （config.json と workspace/ の両方が存在しない場合のみ実行）
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up
+# コンテナが "First-run setup complete." を出力して停止します。
+
+# 3. API キーを設定
+vim docker/data/config.json
+
+# 4. 起動
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+# http://localhost:18800 を開く
+```
+
+> **Docker / VM ユーザー:** Gateway はデフォルトで `127.0.0.1` でリッスンします。ホストからアクセスできるようにするには `PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOST=0.0.0.0` を設定するか、`-public` フラグを使用してください。
+
+```bash
+# ログを確認
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml logs -f
+
+# 停止
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher down
+
+# 更新
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml pull
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### 💻 TUI Launcher（ヘッドレス / SSH 向け推奨）
+
+TUI（Terminal UI）Launcher は設定と管理のためのフル機能ターミナルインターフェースを提供します。サーバー、Raspberry Pi、その他のヘッドレス環境に最適です。
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher-tui
+```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-tui.jpg" alt="TUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**始め方:**
+
+TUI メニューを使って：**1)** Provider を設定 → **2)** Channel を設定 → **3)** Gateway を起動 → **4)** チャット！
+
+TUI の詳細なドキュメントは [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io) を参照してください。
+
+### 📱 Android
+
+10 年前のスマホに第二の人生を！PicoClaw でスマート AI アシスタントに変身させましょう。
+
+**オプション 1: Termux（現在利用可能）**
+
+1. [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app) をインストール（[GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases) からダウンロード、または F-Droid / Google Play で検索）
+2. 以下のコマンドを実行：
+
+```bash
+# 最新リリースをダウンロード
+wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+pkg install proot
+termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot で標準的な Linux ファイルシステムレイアウトを提供
+```
+
+その後、下記の Terminal Launcher セクションの手順に従って設定を完了してください。
+
+<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw on Termux" width="512">
+
+**オプション 2: APK インストール（近日公開）**
+
+内蔵 WebUI を備えたスタンドアロン Android APK を開発中です。お楽しみに！
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Terminal Launcher（リソース制約環境向け）</b></summary>
+
+`picoclaw` コアバイナリのみが利用可能な最小環境（Launcher UI なし）では、コマンドラインと JSON 設定ファイルですべてを設定できます。
+
+**1. 初期化**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw onboard
+```
+
+`~/.picoclaw/config.json` とワークスペースディレクトリが作成されます。
+
+**2. 設定** (`~/.picoclaw/config.json`)
+
+```json
+{
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4"
+    }
+  },
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_key": "sk-your-api-key"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+> 利用可能なすべてのオプションを含む完全な設定テンプレートは、リポジトリの `config/config.example.json` を参照してください。
+
+**3. チャット**
+
+```bash
+# ワンショット質問
+picoclaw agent -m "What is 2+2?"
+
+# インタラクティブモード
+picoclaw agent
+
+# チャットアプリ統合用 Gateway を起動
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## 🔌 Provider（LLM）
+
+PicoClaw は `model_list` 設定を通じて 30 以上の LLM Provider をサポートしています。`protocol/model` 形式を使用してください：
+
+| Provider | Protocol | API キー | 備考 |
+|----------|----------|---------|------|
+| [OpenAI](https://platform.openai.com/api-keys) | `openai/` | 必須 | GPT-5.4、GPT-4o、o3 など |
+| [Anthropic](https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys) | `anthropic/` | 必須 | Claude Opus 4.6、Sonnet 4.6 など |
+| [Google Gemini](https://aistudio.google.com/apikey) | `gemini/` | 必須 | Gemini 3 Flash、2.5 Pro など |
+| [OpenRouter](https://openrouter.ai/keys) | `openrouter/` | 必須 | 200 以上のモデル、統合 API |
+| [Zhipu (GLM)](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) | `zhipu/` | 必須 | GLM-4.7、GLM-5 など |
+| [DeepSeek](https://platform.deepseek.com/api_keys) | `deepseek/` | 必須 | DeepSeek-V3、DeepSeek-R1 |
+| [Volcengine](https://console.volcengine.com) | `volcengine/` | 必須 | Doubao、Ark モデル |
+| [Qwen](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com/apiKey) | `qwen/` | 必須 | Qwen3、Qwen-Max など |
+| [Groq](https://console.groq.com/keys) | `groq/` | 必須 | 高速推論（Llama、Mixtral） |
+| [Moonshot (Kimi)](https://platform.moonshot.cn/console/api-keys) | `moonshot/` | 必須 | Kimi モデル |
+| [Minimax](https://platform.minimaxi.com/user-center/basic-information/interface-key) | `minimax/` | 必須 | MiniMax モデル |
+| [Mistral](https://console.mistral.ai/api-keys) | `mistral/` | 必須 | Mistral Large、Codestral |
+| [NVIDIA NIM](https://build.nvidia.com/) | `nvidia/` | 必須 | NVIDIA ホスティングモデル |
+| [Cerebras](https://cloud.cerebras.ai/) | `cerebras/` | 必須 | 高速推論 |
+| [Novita AI](https://novita.ai/) | `novita/` | 必須 | 各種オープンモデル |
+| [Ollama](https://ollama.com/) | `ollama/` | 不要 | ローカルモデル、セルフホスト |
+| [vLLM](https://docs.vllm.ai/) | `vllm/` | 不要 | ローカルデプロイ、OpenAI 互換 |
+| [LiteLLM](https://docs.litellm.ai/) | `litellm/` | 場合による | 100 以上の Provider のプロキシ |
+| [Azure OpenAI](https://portal.azure.com/) | `azure/` | 必須 | エンタープライズ Azure デプロイ |
+| [GitHub Copilot](https://github.com/features/copilot) | `github-copilot/` | OAuth | デバイスコードログイン |
+| [Antigravity](https://console.cloud.google.com/) | `antigravity/` | OAuth | Google Cloud AI |
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>ローカルデプロイ（Ollama、vLLM など）</b></summary>
+
+**Ollama:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-llama",
+      "model": "ollama/llama3.1:8b",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:11434/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+**vLLM:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-vllm",
+      "model": "vllm/your-model",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:8000/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+Provider の完全な設定詳細は [Provider とモデル](docs/ja/providers.md) を参照してください。
+
+</details>
+
+## 💬 Channel（チャットアプリ）
+
+17 以上のメッセージングプラットフォームで PicoClaw と会話できます：
+
+| Channel | セットアップ | Protocol | ドキュメント |
+|---------|------------|----------|------------|
+| **Telegram** | 簡単（bot トークン） | Long polling | [ガイド](docs/channels/telegram/README.ja.md) |
+| **Discord** | 簡単（bot トークン + intents） | WebSocket | [ガイド](docs/channels/discord/README.ja.md) |
+| **WhatsApp** | 簡単（QR スキャンまたは bridge URL） | Native / Bridge | [ガイド](docs/ja/chat-apps.md#whatsapp) |
+| **微信 (Weixin)** | 簡単（QR スキャン） | iLink API | [ガイド](docs/ja/chat-apps.md#weixin) |
+| **QQ** | 簡単（AppID + AppSecret） | WebSocket | [ガイド](docs/channels/qq/README.ja.md) |
+| **Slack** | 簡単（bot + app トークン） | Socket Mode | [ガイド](docs/channels/slack/README.ja.md) |
+| **Matrix** | 中級（homeserver + トークン） | Sync API | [ガイド](docs/channels/matrix/README.ja.md) |
+| **DingTalk** | 中級（クライアント認証情報） | Stream | [ガイド](docs/channels/dingtalk/README.ja.md) |
+| **Feishu / Lark** | 中級（App ID + Secret） | WebSocket/SDK | [ガイド](docs/channels/feishu/README.ja.md) |
+| **LINE** | 中級（認証情報 + webhook） | Webhook | [ガイド](docs/channels/line/README.ja.md) |
+| **WeCom Bot** | 中級（webhook URL） | Webhook | [ガイド](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.ja.md) |
+| **WeCom App** | 中級（corp 認証情報） | Webhook | [ガイド](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.ja.md) |
+| **WeCom AI Bot** | 中級（トークン + AES キー） | WebSocket / Webhook | [ガイド](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.ja.md) |
+| **IRC** | 中級（サーバー + nick） | IRC protocol | [ガイド](docs/ja/chat-apps.md#irc) |
+| **OneBot** | 中級（WebSocket URL） | OneBot v11 | [ガイド](docs/channels/onebot/README.ja.md) |
+| **MaixCam** | 簡単（有効化） | TCP socket | [ガイド](docs/channels/maixcam/README.ja.md) |
+| **Pico** | 簡単（有効化） | Native protocol | 内蔵 |
+| **Pico Client** | 簡単（WebSocket URL） | WebSocket | 内蔵 |
+
+> webhook ベースのすべての Channel は単一の Gateway HTTP サーバー（`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`、デフォルト `127.0.0.1:18790`）を共有します。Feishu は WebSocket/SDK モードを使用し、共有 HTTP サーバーを使用しません。
+
+Channel の詳細なセットアップ手順は [チャットアプリ設定](docs/ja/chat-apps.md) を参照してください。
+
+## 🔧 ツール
+
+### 🔍 Web 検索
+
+PicoClaw は最新情報を提供するために Web を検索できます。`tools.web` で設定してください：
+
+| 検索エンジン | API キー | 無料枠 | リンク |
+|------------|---------|--------|-------|
+| DuckDuckGo | 不要 | 無制限 | 内蔵フォールバック |
+| [Baidu Search](https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan-api/s/Wmbq4z7e5) | 必須 | 1000 クエリ/日 | AI 搭載、中国語に最適化 |
+| [Tavily](https://tavily.com) | 必須 | 1000 クエリ/月 | AI Agent 向けに最適化 |
+| [Brave Search](https://brave.com/search/api) | 必須 | 2000 クエリ/月 | 高速でプライベート |
+| [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai) | 必須 | 有料 | AI 搭載検索 |
+| [SearXNG](https://github.com/searxng/searxng) | 不要 | セルフホスト | 無料メタ検索エンジン |
+| [GLM Search](https://open.bigmodel.cn/) | 必須 | 場合による | Zhipu Web 検索 |
+
+### ⚙️ その他のツール
+
+PicoClaw にはファイル操作、コード実行、スケジューリングなどの組み込みツールが含まれています。詳細は [ツール設定](docs/ja/tools_configuration.md) を参照してください。
+
+## 🎯 Skill
+
+Skill は Agent を拡張するモジュール型の機能です。ワークスペース内の `SKILL.md` ファイルから読み込まれます。
+
+**ClawHub から Skill をインストール：**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw skills search "web scraping"
+picoclaw skills install <skill-name>
+```
+
+**ClawHub トークンを設定**（オプション、レート制限を上げるため）：
+
+`config.json` に追加：
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "skills": {
+      "registries": {
+        "clawhub": {
+          "auth_token": "your-clawhub-token"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+詳細は [ツール設定 - Skill](docs/ja/tools_configuration.md#skills-tool) を参照してください。
+
+## 🔗 MCP（Model Context Protocol）
+
+PicoClaw は [MCP](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) をネイティブサポートしています — 任意の MCP サーバーに接続して、外部ツールやデータソースで Agent の機能を拡張できます。
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "mcp": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "servers": {
+        "filesystem": {
+          "enabled": true,
+          "command": "npx",
+          "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/tmp"]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+MCP の完全な設定（stdio、SSE、HTTP トランスポート、Tool Discovery）は [ツール設定 - MCP](docs/ja/tools_configuration.md#mcp-tool) を参照してください。
 
 ## <img src="assets/clawdchat-icon.png" width="24" height="24" alt="ClawdChat"> エージェントソーシャルネットワークに参加
 
@@ -219,22 +520,23 @@ CLI または統合チャットアプリからメッセージを 1 つ送るだ
 | コマンド                  | 説明                           |
 | ------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
 | `picoclaw onboard`        | 設定＆ワークスペースの初期化     |
-| `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | エージェントとチャット           |
+| `picoclaw auth weixin` | WeChat アカウントを QR で接続 |
+| `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | Agent とチャット                |
 | `picoclaw agent`          | インタラクティブチャットモード   |
-| `picoclaw gateway`        | ゲートウェイを起動              |
+| `picoclaw gateway`        | Gateway を起動                  |
 | `picoclaw status`         | ステータスを表示                |
 | `picoclaw version`        | バージョン情報を表示            |
+| `picoclaw model`          | デフォルトモデルの表示・切替    |
 | `picoclaw cron list`      | スケジュールジョブ一覧          |
 | `picoclaw cron add ...`   | スケジュールジョブを追加         |
 | `picoclaw cron disable`   | スケジュールジョブを無効化       |
 | `picoclaw cron remove`    | スケジュールジョブを削除         |
-| `picoclaw skills list`    | インストール済みスキル一覧       |
-| `picoclaw skills install` | スキルをインストール             |
+| `picoclaw skills list`    | インストール済み Skill 一覧      |
+| `picoclaw skills install` | Skill をインストール             |
 | `picoclaw migrate`        | 旧バージョンからデータを移行     |
-| `picoclaw auth login`     | プロバイダーへの認証             |
-| `picoclaw model`          | デフォルトモデルの表示・切替 |
+| `picoclaw auth login`     | Provider への認証               |
 
-### スケジュールタスク / リマインダー
+### ⏰ スケジュールタスク / リマインダー
 
 PicoClaw は `cron` ツールによるスケジュールリマインダーと定期タスクをサポートしています：
 
@@ -242,16 +544,35 @@ PicoClaw は `cron` ツールによるスケジュールリマインダーと定
 * **定期タスク**: 「2時間ごとにリマインド」→ 2時間ごとにトリガー
 * **Cron 式**: 「毎日9時にリマインド」→ cron 式を使用
 
+## 📚 ドキュメント
+
+この README を超えた詳細なガイドについては：
+
+| トピック | 説明 |
+|---------|------|
+| [Docker & クイックスタート](docs/ja/docker.md) | Docker Compose セットアップ、Launcher/Agent モード |
+| [チャットアプリ](docs/ja/chat-apps.md) | 17 以上の Channel セットアップガイド |
+| [設定](docs/ja/configuration.md) | 環境変数、ワークスペース構成、セキュリティサンドボックス |
+| [Provider とモデル](docs/ja/providers.md) | 30 以上の LLM Provider、モデルルーティング、model_list 設定 |
+| [Spawn & 非同期タスク](docs/ja/spawn-tasks.md) | クイックタスク、spawn による長時間タスク、非同期サブエージェントオーケストレーション |
+| [Hook システム](docs/hooks/README.md) | イベント駆動 Hook：オブザーバー、インターセプター、承認 Hook |
+| [Steering](docs/steering.md) | 実行中の Agent ループにメッセージを注入 |
+| [SubTurn](docs/subturn.md) | サブ Agent の調整、並行制御、ライフサイクル |
+| [トラブルシューティング](docs/ja/troubleshooting.md) | よくある問題と解決策 |
+| [ツール設定](docs/ja/tools_configuration.md) | ツールごとの有効/無効、exec ポリシー、MCP、Skill |
+| [ハードウェア互換性](docs/ja/hardware-compatibility.md) | テスト済みボード、最小要件 |
+
 ## 🤝 コントリビュート＆ロードマップ
 
-PR 歓迎！コードベースは意図的に小さく読みやすくしています。🤗
+PR 歓迎！コードベースは意図的に小さく読みやすくしています。
 
-完全な[コミュニティロードマップ](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/blob/main/ROADMAP.md)をご覧ください。
+[コミュニティロードマップ](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/issues/988)と[CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md)をご覧ください。
 
 開発者グループ構築中、最初の PR がマージされたら参加できます！
 
 ユーザーグループ:
 
-discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
+Discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
 
-<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
+WeChat:
+<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="WeChat group QR code" width="512">
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index db320c59a..3141c9f12 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <div align="center">
-  <img src="assets/logo.webp" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
+<img src="assets/logo.webp" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
 
-  <h1>PicoClaw: Ultra-Efficient AI Assistant in Go</h1>
+<h1>PicoClaw: Ultra-Efficient AI Assistant in Go</h1>
 
-  <h3>$10 Hardware · <10MB RAM · <1s Boot · 皮皮虾，我们走！</h3>
+<h3>$10 Hardware · 10MB RAM · ms Boot · Let's Go, PicoClaw!</h3>
   <p>
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.25+-00ADD8?style=flat&logo=go&logoColor=white" alt="Go">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Arch-x86__64%2C%20ARM64%2C%20MIPS%2C%20RISC--V%2C%20LoongArch-blue" alt="Hardware">
@@ -24,141 +24,129 @@
 
 ---
 
-> **PicoClaw** is an independent open-source project initiated by [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com). It is written entirely in **Go** — not a fork of OpenClaw, NanoBot, or any other project.
+> **PicoClaw** is an independent open-source project initiated by [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com), written entirely in **Go** from scratch — not a fork of OpenClaw, NanoBot, or any other project.
 
-🦐 PicoClaw is an ultra-lightweight personal AI Assistant inspired by [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot), refactored from the ground up in Go through a self-bootstrapping process, where the AI agent itself drove the entire architectural migration and code optimization.
+**PicoClaw** is an ultra-lightweight personal AI assistant inspired by [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot). It was rebuilt from the ground up in **Go** through a "self-bootstrapping" process — the AI Agent itself drove the architecture migration and code optimization.
 
-⚡️ Runs on $10 hardware with <10MB RAM: That's 99% less memory than OpenClaw and 98% cheaper than a Mac mini!
+**Runs on $10 hardware with <10MB RAM** — that's 99% less memory than OpenClaw and 98% cheaper than a Mac mini!
 
 <table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/picoclaw_mem.gif" width="360" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/licheervnano.png" width="400" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-  </tr>
+<tr align="center">
+<td align="center" valign="top">
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/picoclaw_mem.gif" width="360" height="240">
+</p>
+</td>
+<td align="center" valign="top">
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/licheervnano.png" width="400" height="240">
+</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
 </table>
 
 > [!CAUTION]
-> **🚨 SECURITY & OFFICIAL CHANNELS / 安全声明**
->
-> * **NO CRYPTO:** PicoClaw has **NO** official token/coin. All claims on `pump.fun` or other trading platforms are **SCAMS**.
+> **Security Notice**
 >
+> * **NO CRYPTO:** PicoClaw has **not** issued any official tokens or cryptocurrency. All claims on `pump.fun` or other trading platforms are **scams**.
 > * **OFFICIAL DOMAIN:** The **ONLY** official website is **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)**, and company website is **[sipeed.com](https://sipeed.com)**
-> * **Warning:** Many `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` domains are registered by third parties.
-> * **Warning:** picoclaw is in early development now and may have unresolved network security issues. Do not deploy to production environments before the v1.0 release.
-> * **Note:** picoclaw has recently merged a lot of PRs, which may result in a larger memory footprint (10–20MB) in the latest versions. We plan to prioritize resource optimization as soon as the current feature set reaches a stable state.
+> * **BEWARE:** Many `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` domains have been registered by third parties. Do not trust them.
+> * **NOTE:** PicoClaw is in early rapid development. There may be unresolved security issues. Do not deploy to production before v1.0.
+> * **NOTE:** PicoClaw has recently merged many PRs. Recent builds may use 10-20MB RAM. Resource optimization is planned after feature stabilization.
 
 ## 📢 News
 
-2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 Released!** System tray UI (Windows & Linux), sub-agent status tracking (`spawn_status`), experimental gateway hot-reload, cron security gates, and 2 security fixes. PicoClaw now at **25K ⭐**!
+2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 Released!** System tray UI (Windows & Linux), sub-agent status query (`spawn_status`), experimental Gateway hot-reload, Cron security gating, and 2 security fixes. PicoClaw has reached **25K Stars**!
 
-2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — Biggest update yet!** MCP protocol support, 4 new channels (Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy), 3 new providers (Kimi/Minimax/Avian), vision pipeline, JSONL memory store, and model routing.
+2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — Biggest update yet!** MCP protocol support, 4 new channels (Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy), 3 new providers (Kimi/Minimax/Avian), vision pipeline, JSONL memory store, model routing.
 
-2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** released with Docker Compose support and Web UI launcher.
+2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** released with Docker Compose and Web UI Launcher support.
 
-2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw hit **20K stars** in just 17 days! Channel auto-orchestration and capability interfaces landed.
+2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw hits **20K Stars** in just 17 days! Channel auto-orchestration and capability interfaces are live.
 
 <details>
-<summary>Older news...</summary>
+<summary>Earlier news...</summary>
 
-2026-02-16 🎉 PicoClaw hit 12K stars in one week! Community maintainer roles and [roadmap](ROADMAP.md) officially posted.
+2026-02-16 🎉 PicoClaw breaks 12K Stars in one week! Community maintainer roles and [Roadmap](ROADMAP.md) officially launched.
 
-2026-02-13 🎉 PicoClaw hit 5000 stars in 4 days! Project Roadmap and Developer Group setup underway.
+2026-02-13 🎉 PicoClaw breaks 5000 Stars in 4 days! Project roadmap and developer groups in progress.
 
-2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw Launched!** Built in 1 day to bring AI Agents to $10 hardware with <10MB RAM. 🦐 PicoClaw，Let's Go！
+2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw Released!** Built in 1 day to bring AI Agents to $10 hardware with <10MB RAM. Let's Go, PicoClaw!
 
 </details>
 
 ## ✨ Features
 
-🪶 **Ultra-Lightweight**: <10MB Memory footprint — 99% smaller than OpenClaw core functionality.*
+🪶 **Ultra-lightweight**: Core memory footprint <10MB — 99% smaller than OpenClaw.*
 
-💰 **Minimal Cost**: Efficient enough to run on $10 Hardware — 98% cheaper than a Mac mini.
+💰 **Minimal cost**: Efficient enough to run on $10 hardware — 98% cheaper than a Mac mini.
 
-⚡️ **Lightning Fast**: 400X Faster startup time, boot in <1 second even on 0.6GHz single core.
+⚡️ **Lightning-fast boot**: 400x faster startup. Boots in <1s even on a 0.6GHz single-core processor.
 
-🌍 **True Portability**: Single self-contained binary across RISC-V, ARM, MIPS, and x86, One-click to Go!
+🌍 **Truly portable**: Single binary across RISC-V, ARM, MIPS, and x86 architectures. One binary, runs everywhere!
 
-🤖 **AI-Bootstrapped**: Autonomous Go-native implementation — 95% Agent-generated core with human-in-the-loop refinement.
+🤖 **AI-bootstrapped**: Pure Go native implementation — 95% of core code was generated by an Agent and fine-tuned through human-in-the-loop review.
 
-🔌 **MCP Support**: Native [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) integration — connect any MCP server to extend agent capabilities.
+🔌 **MCP support**: Native [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) integration — connect any MCP server to extend Agent capabilities.
 
-👁️ **Vision Pipeline**: Send images and files directly to the agent — automatic base64 encoding for multimodal LLMs.
+👁️ **Vision pipeline**: Send images and files directly to the Agent — automatic base64 encoding for multimodal LLMs.
 
-🧠 **Smart Routing**: Rule-based model routing — simple queries go to lightweight models, saving API costs.
+🧠 **Smart routing**: Rule-based model routing — simple queries go to lightweight models, saving API costs.
 
-_*Recent versions may use 10–20MB due to rapid feature merges. Resource optimization is planned. Startup comparison based on 0.8GHz single-core benchmarks (see table below)._
+_*Recent builds may use 10-20MB due to rapid PR merges. Resource optimization is planned. Boot speed comparison based on 0.8GHz single-core benchmarks (see table below)._
 
-|                               | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                  | **PicoClaw**                              |
-| ----------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------------- |
-| **Language**                  | TypeScript    | Python                   | **Go**                                    |
-| **RAM**                       | >1GB          | >100MB                   | **< 10MB***                               |
-| **Startup**</br>(0.8GHz core) | >500s         | >30s                     | **<1s**                                   |
-| **Cost**                      | Mac Mini $599 | Most Linux SBC </br>~$50 | **Any Linux Board**</br>**As low as $10** |
+<div align="center">
+
+|                                | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                  | **PicoClaw**                           |
+| ------------------------------ | ------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
+| **Language**                   | TypeScript    | Python                   | **Go**                                 |
+| **RAM**                        | >1GB          | >100MB                   | **< 10MB***                            |
+| **Boot time**</br>(0.8GHz core) | >500s         | >30s                     | **<1s**                                |
+| **Cost**                       | Mac Mini $599 | Most Linux boards ~$50   | **Any Linux board**</br>**from $10**   |
 
 <img src="assets/compare.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
 
-> 📋 **[Hardware Compatibility List](docs/hardware-compatibility.md)** — See all tested boards, from $5 RISC-V to Raspberry Pi to Android phones. Your board not listed? Submit a PR!
+</div>
+
+> **[Hardware Compatibility List](docs/hardware-compatibility.md)** — See all tested boards, from $5 RISC-V to Raspberry Pi to Android phones. Your board not listed? Submit a PR!
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/hardware-banner.jpg" alt="PicoClaw Hardware Compatibility" width="100%">
+</p>
 
 ## 🦾 Demonstration
 
 ### 🛠️ Standard Assistant Workflows
 
 <table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <th><p align="center">🧩 Full-Stack Engineer</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🗂️ Logging & Planning Management</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🔎 Web Search & Learning</p></th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center">Develop • Deploy • Scale</td>
-    <td align="center">Schedule • Automate • Memory</td>
-    <td align="center">Discovery • Insights • Trends</td>
-  </tr>
+<tr align="center">
+<th><p align="center">Full-Stack Engineer Mode</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">Logging & Planning</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">Web Search & Learning</p></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center">Develop · Deploy · Scale</td>
+<td align="center">Schedule · Automate · Remember</td>
+<td align="center">Discover · Insights · Trends</td>
+</tr>
 </table>
 
-### 📱 Run on old Android Phones
+### 🐜 Innovative Low-Footprint Deployment
 
-Give your decade-old phone a second life! Turn it into a smart AI Assistant with PicoClaw. Quick Start:
+PicoClaw can be deployed on virtually any Linux device!
 
-1. **Install [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app)** (Download from [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases), or search in F-Droid / Google Play).
-2. **Execute cmds**
-
-```bash
-# Download the latest release from https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases
-wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-pkg install proot
-termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot provides a standard Linux filesystem layout
-```
-
-And then follow the instructions in the "Quick Start" section to complete the configuration!
-
-<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
-
-### 🐜 Innovative Low-Footprint Deploy
-
-PicoClaw can be deployed on almost any Linux device!
-
-- $9.9 [LicheeRV-Nano](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006519668532.html) E(Ethernet) or W(WiFi6) version, for Minimal Home Assistant
-- $30~50 [NanoKVM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007369816019.html), or $100 [NanoKVM-Pro](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005010048471263.html) for Automated Server Maintenance
-- $50 [MaixCAM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008053333693.html) or $100 [MaixCAM2](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/zepan/maixcam2-build-your-next-gen-4k-ai-camera) for Smart Monitoring
+- $9.9 [LicheeRV-Nano](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006519668532.html) E(Ethernet) or W(WiFi6) edition, for a minimal home assistant
+- $30~50 [NanoKVM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007369816019.html), or $100 [NanoKVM-Pro](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005010048471263.html), for automated server operations
+- $50 [MaixCAM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008053333693.html) or $100 [MaixCAM2](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/zepan/maixcam2-build-your-next-gen-4k-ai-camera), for smart surveillance
 
 <https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/83055338/547056448-e7b031ff-d6f5-4468-bcca-5726b6fecb5c.mp4>
 
-🌟 More Deployment Cases Await！
+🌟 More Deployment Cases Await!
 
 ## 📦 Install
 
@@ -178,24 +166,59 @@ git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
 cd picoclaw
 make deps
 
-# Build, no need to install
+# Build core binary
 make build
 
+# Build Web UI Launcher (required for WebUI mode)
+make build-launcher
+
 # Build for multiple platforms
 make build-all
 
 # Build for Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W (32-bit: make build-linux-arm; 64-bit: make build-linux-arm64)
 make build-pi-zero
 
-# Build And Install
+# Build and install
 make install
 ```
 
-**Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W:** Use the binary that matches your OS: 32-bit Raspberry Pi OS → `make build-linux-arm`; 64-bit → `make build-linux-arm64`. Or run `make build-pi-zero` to build both.
+**Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W:** Use the binary that matches your OS: 32-bit Raspberry Pi OS -> `make build-linux-arm`; 64-bit -> `make build-linux-arm64`. Or run `make build-pi-zero` to build both.
 
-## 📚 Documentation
+## 🚀 Quick Start Guide
 
-For detailed guides, see the docs below. The README covers quick start only.
+### 🌐 WebUI Launcher (Recommended for Desktop)
+
+The WebUI Launcher provides a browser-based interface for configuration and chat. This is the easiest way to get started — no command-line knowledge required.
+
+**Option 1: Double-click (Desktop)**
+
+After downloading from [picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io), double-click `picoclaw-launcher` (or `picoclaw-launcher.exe` on Windows). Your browser will open automatically at `http://localhost:18800`.
+
+**Option 2: Command line**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher
+# Open http://localhost:18800 in your browser
+```
+
+> [!TIP]
+> **Remote access / Docker / VM:** Add the `-public` flag to listen on all interfaces:
+> ```bash
+> picoclaw-launcher -public
+> ```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-webui.jpg" alt="WebUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**Getting started:** 
+
+Open the WebUI, then: **1)** Configure a Provider (add your LLM API key) -> **2)** Configure a Channel (e.g., Telegram) -> **3)** Start the Gateway -> **4)** Chat!
+
+For detailed WebUI documentation, see [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io).
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Docker (alternative)</b></summary>
 
 ```bash
 # 1. Clone this repo
@@ -203,807 +226,81 @@ git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
 cd picoclaw
 
 # 2. First run — auto-generates docker/data/config.json then exits
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile gateway up
+#    (only triggers when both config.json and workspace/ are missing)
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up
 # The container prints "First-run setup complete." and stops.
 
 # 3. Set your API keys
-vim docker/data/config.json   # Set provider API keys, bot tokens, etc.
+vim docker/data/config.json
 
 # 4. Start
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile gateway up -d
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+# Open http://localhost:18800
 ```
 
-> [!TIP]
-> **Docker Users**: By default, the Gateway listens on `127.0.0.1` which is not accessible from the host. If you need to access the health endpoints or expose ports, set `PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOST=0.0.0.0` in your environment or update `config.json`.
+> **Docker / VM users:** The Gateway listens on `127.0.0.1` by default. Set `PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOST=0.0.0.0` or use the `-public` flag to make it accessible from the host.
 
 ```bash
-# 5. Check logs
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml logs -f picoclaw-gateway
+# Check logs
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml logs -f
 
-# 6. Stop
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile gateway down
-```
+# Stop
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher down
 
-### Launcher Mode (Web Console)
-
-The `launcher` image includes all three binaries (`picoclaw`, `picoclaw-launcher`, `picoclaw-launcher-tui`) and starts the web console by default, which provides a browser-based UI for configuration and chat.
-
-```bash
+# Update
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml pull
 docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
 ```
 
-Open http://localhost:18800 in your browser. The launcher manages the gateway process automatically.
-
-> [!WARNING]
-> The web console does not yet support authentication. Avoid exposing it to the public internet.
-
-### Agent Mode (One-shot)
-
-```bash
-# Ask a question
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml run --rm picoclaw-agent -m "What is 2+2?"
-
-# Interactive mode
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml run --rm picoclaw-agent
-```
-
-### Update
-
-```bash
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml pull
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile gateway up -d
-```
-
-### 🚀 Quick Start
-
-> [!TIP]
-> Set your API Key in `~/.picoclaw/config.json`. Get API Keys: [Volcengine (CodingPlan)](https://console.volcengine.com) (LLM) · [OpenRouter](https://openrouter.ai/keys) (LLM) · [Zhipu](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) (LLM). Web search is optional — get a free [Tavily API](https://tavily.com) (1000 free queries/month) or [Brave Search API](https://brave.com/search/api) (2000 free queries/month).
-
-**1. Initialize**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw onboard
-```
-
-**2. Configure** (`~/.picoclaw/config.json`)
-
-```json
-{
-  "agents": {
-    "defaults": {
-      "workspace": "~/.picoclaw/workspace",
-      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
-      "max_tokens": 8192,
-      "temperature": 0.7,
-      "max_tool_iterations": 20
-    }
-  },
-  "model_list": [
-    {
-      "model_name": "ark-code-latest",
-      "model": "volcengine/ark-code-latest",
-      "api_key": "sk-your-api-key"
-    },
-    {
-      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
-      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
-      "api_key": "your-api-key",
-      "request_timeout": 300
-    },
-    {
-      "model_name": "claude-sonnet-4.6",
-      "model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
-      "api_key": "your-anthropic-key"
-    }
-  ],
-  "tools": {
-    "web": {
-      "brave": {
-        "enabled": false,
-        "api_key": "YOUR_BRAVE_API_KEY",
-        "max_results": 5
-      },
-      "tavily": {
-        "enabled": false,
-        "api_key": "YOUR_TAVILY_API_KEY",
-        "max_results": 5
-      },
-      "duckduckgo": {
-        "enabled": true,
-        "max_results": 5
-      },
-      "perplexity": {
-        "enabled": false,
-        "api_key": "YOUR_PERPLEXITY_API_KEY",
-        "max_results": 5
-      },
-      "searxng": {
-        "enabled": false,
-        "base_url": "http://your-searxng-instance:8888",
-        "max_results": 5
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-> **New**: The `model_list` configuration format allows zero-code provider addition. See [Model Configuration](#model-configuration-model_list) for details.
-> `request_timeout` is optional and uses seconds. If omitted or set to `<= 0`, PicoClaw uses the default timeout (120s).
-
-**3. Get API Keys**
-
-* **LLM Provider**: [OpenRouter](https://openrouter.ai/keys) · [Zhipu](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) · [Anthropic](https://console.anthropic.com) · [OpenAI](https://platform.openai.com) · [Gemini](https://aistudio.google.com/api-keys)
-* **Web Search** (optional):
-  * [Brave Search](https://brave.com/search/api) - Paid ($5/1000 queries, ~$5-6/month)
-  * [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai) - AI-powered search with chat interface
-  * [SearXNG](https://github.com/searxng/searxng) - Self-hosted metasearch engine (free, no API key needed)
-  * [Tavily](https://tavily.com) - Optimized for AI Agents (1000 requests/month)
-  * DuckDuckGo - Built-in fallback (no API key required)
-
-> **Note**: See `config.example.json` for a complete configuration template.
-
-**4. Chat**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw agent -m "What is 2+2?"
-```
-
-That's it! You have a working AI assistant in 2 minutes.
-
----
-
-## 💬 Chat Apps
-
-Talk to your picoclaw through Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix, QQ, DingTalk, LINE, or WeCom
-
-> **Note**: All webhook-based channels (LINE, WeCom, etc.) are served on a single shared Gateway HTTP server (`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`, default `127.0.0.1:18790`). There are no per-channel ports to configure. Note: Feishu uses WebSocket/SDK mode and does not use the shared HTTP webhook server.
-
-| Channel      | Setup                              |
-| ------------ | ---------------------------------- |
-| **Telegram** | Easy (just a token)                |
-| **Discord**  | Easy (bot token + intents)         |
-| **WhatsApp** | Easy (native: QR scan; or bridge URL) |
-| **Matrix**   | Medium (homeserver + bot access token) |
-| **QQ**       | Easy (AppID + AppSecret)           |
-| **DingTalk** | Medium (app credentials)           |
-| **LINE**     | Medium (credentials + webhook URL) |
-| **WeCom AI Bot** | Medium (Token + AES key)       |
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>Telegram</b> (Recommended)</summary>
-
-**1. Create a bot**
-
-* Open Telegram, search `@BotFather`
-* Send `/newbot`, follow prompts
-* Copy the token
-
-**2. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "telegram": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "token": "YOUR_BOT_TOKEN",
-      "allow_from": ["YOUR_USER_ID"]
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-> Get your user ID from `@userinfobot` on Telegram.
-
-**3. Run**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-
-**4. Telegram command menu (auto-registered at startup)**
-
-PicoClaw now keeps command definitions in one shared registry. On startup, Telegram will automatically register supported bot commands (for example `/start`, `/help`, `/show`, `/list`) so command menu and runtime behavior stay in sync.
-Telegram command menu registration remains channel-local discovery UX; generic command execution is handled centrally in the agent loop via the commands executor.
-
-If command registration fails (network/API transient errors), the channel still starts and PicoClaw retries registration in the background.
-
 </details>
 
-<details>
-<summary><b>Discord</b></summary>
+### 💻 TUI Launcher (Recommended for Headless / SSH)
 
-**1. Create a bot**
-
-* Go to <https://discord.com/developers/applications>
-* Create an application → Bot → Add Bot
-* Copy the bot token
-
-**2. Enable intents**
-
-* In the Bot settings, enable **MESSAGE CONTENT INTENT**
-* (Optional) Enable **SERVER MEMBERS INTENT** if you plan to use allow lists based on member data
-
-**3. Get your User ID**
-* Discord Settings → Advanced → enable **Developer Mode**
-* Right-click your avatar → **Copy User ID**
-
-**4. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "discord": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "token": "YOUR_BOT_TOKEN",
-      "allow_from": ["YOUR_USER_ID"]
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**5. Invite the bot**
-
-* OAuth2 → URL Generator
-* Scopes: `bot`
-* Bot Permissions: `Send Messages`, `Read Message History`
-* Open the generated invite URL and add the bot to your server
-
-**Optional: Group trigger mode**
-
-By default the bot responds to all messages in a server channel. To restrict responses to @-mentions only, add:
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "discord": {
-      "group_trigger": { "mention_only": true }
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-You can also trigger by keyword prefixes (e.g. `!bot`):
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "discord": {
-      "group_trigger": { "prefixes": ["!bot"] }
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**6. Run**
+The TUI (Terminal UI) Launcher provides a full-featured terminal interface for configuration and management. Ideal for servers, Raspberry Pi, and other headless environments.
 
 ```bash
-picoclaw gateway
+picoclaw-launcher-tui
 ```
 
-</details>
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-tui.jpg" alt="TUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
 
-<details>
-<summary><b>WhatsApp</b> (native via whatsmeow)</summary>
+**Getting started:** 
 
-PicoClaw can connect to WhatsApp in two ways:
+Use the TUI menus to: **1)** Configure a Provider -> **2)** Configure a Channel -> **3)** Start the Gateway -> **4)** Chat!
 
-- **Native (recommended):** In-process using [whatsmeow](https://github.com/tulir/whatsmeow). No separate bridge. Set `"use_native": true` and leave `bridge_url` empty. On first run, scan the QR code with WhatsApp (Linked Devices). Session is stored under your workspace (e.g. `workspace/whatsapp/`). The native channel is **optional** to keep the default binary small; build with `-tags whatsapp_native` (e.g. `make build-whatsapp-native` or `go build -tags whatsapp_native ./cmd/...`).
-- **Bridge:** Connect to an external WebSocket bridge. Set `bridge_url` (e.g. `ws://localhost:3001`) and keep `use_native` false.
+For detailed TUI documentation, see [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io).
 
-**Configure (native)**
+### 📱 Android
 
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "whatsapp": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "use_native": true,
-      "session_store_path": "",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
+Give your decade-old phone a second life! Turn it into a smart AI Assistant with PicoClaw.
 
-If `session_store_path` is empty, the session is stored in `&lt;workspace&gt;/whatsapp/`. Run `picoclaw gateway`; on first run, scan the QR code printed in the terminal with WhatsApp → Linked Devices.
+**Option 1: Termux (available now)**
 
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>QQ</b></summary>
-
-**1. Create a bot**
-
-- Go to [QQ Open Platform](https://q.qq.com/#)
-- Create an application → Get **AppID** and **AppSecret**
-
-**2. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "qq": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "app_id": "YOUR_APP_ID",
-      "app_secret": "YOUR_APP_SECRET",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-> Set `allow_from` to empty to allow all users, or specify QQ numbers to restrict access.
-
-**3. Run**
+1. Install [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app) (download from [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases), or search in F-Droid / Google Play)
+2. Run the following commands:
 
 ```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>DingTalk</b></summary>
-
-**1. Create a bot**
-
-* Go to [Open Platform](https://open.dingtalk.com/)
-* Create an internal app
-* Copy Client ID and Client Secret
-
-**2. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "dingtalk": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "client_id": "YOUR_CLIENT_ID",
-      "client_secret": "YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-> Set `allow_from` to empty to allow all users, or specify DingTalk user IDs to restrict access.
-
-**3. Run**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>Matrix</b></summary>
-
-**1. Prepare bot account**
-
-* Use your preferred homeserver (e.g. `https://matrix.org` or self-hosted)
-* Create a bot user and obtain its access token
-
-**2. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "matrix": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "homeserver": "https://matrix.org",
-      "user_id": "@your-bot:matrix.org",
-      "access_token": "YOUR_MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**3. Run**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-
-For full options (`device_id`, `join_on_invite`, `group_trigger`, `placeholder`, `reasoning_channel_id`), see [Matrix Channel Configuration Guide](docs/channels/matrix/README.md).
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>LINE</b></summary>
-
-**1. Create a LINE Official Account**
-
-- Go to [LINE Developers Console](https://developers.line.biz/)
-- Create a provider → Create a Messaging API channel
-- Copy **Channel Secret** and **Channel Access Token**
-
-**2. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "line": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "channel_secret": "YOUR_CHANNEL_SECRET",
-      "channel_access_token": "YOUR_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN",
-      "webhook_path": "/webhook/line",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-> LINE webhook is served on the shared Gateway server (`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`, default `127.0.0.1:18790`).
-
-**3. Set up Webhook URL**
-
-LINE requires HTTPS for webhooks. Use a reverse proxy or tunnel:
-
-```bash
-# Example with ngrok (gateway default port is 18790)
-ngrok http 18790
-```
-
-Then set the Webhook URL in LINE Developers Console to `https://your-domain/webhook/line` and enable **Use webhook**.
-
-**4. Run**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-
-> In group chats, the bot responds only when @mentioned. Replies quote the original message.
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>WeCom (企业微信)</b></summary>
-
-PicoClaw supports three types of WeCom integration:
-
-**Option 1: WeCom Bot (Bot)** - Easier setup, supports group chats
-**Option 2: WeCom App (Custom App)** - More features, proactive messaging, private chat only
-**Option 3: WeCom AI Bot (AI Bot)** - Official AI Bot, streaming replies, supports group & private chat
-
-See [WeCom AI Bot Configuration Guide](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.zh.md) for detailed setup instructions.
-
-**Quick Setup - WeCom AI Bot:**
-
-**1. Create an AI Bot**
-
-* Go to WeCom Admin Console → AI Bot
-* Create a new AI Bot → Set name, avatar, etc.
-* Copy **Bot ID** and **Secret**
-
-**2. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "wecom_aibot": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "bot_id": "YOUR_BOT_ID",
-      "secret": "YOUR_SECRET",
-      "allow_from": [],
-      "welcome_message": "Hello! How can I help you?"
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**3. Run**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-
-> **Note**: WeCom AI Bot uses streaming pull protocol — no reply timeout concerns. Long tasks (>30 seconds) automatically switch to `response_url` push delivery.
-
-</details>
-
-## <img src="assets/clawdchat-icon.png" width="24" height="24" alt="ClawdChat"> Join the Agent Social Network
-
-Connect Picoclaw to the Agent Social Network simply by sending a single message via the CLI or any integrated Chat App.
-
-**Read `https://clawdchat.ai/skill.md` and follow the instructions to join [ClawdChat.ai](https://clawdchat.ai)**
-
-## 🖥️ CLI Reference
-
-| Command                   | Description                   |
-| ------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
-| `picoclaw onboard`        | Initialize config & workspace |
-| `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | Chat with the agent           |
-| `picoclaw agent`          | Interactive chat mode         |
-| `picoclaw gateway`        | Start the gateway             |
-| `picoclaw status`         | Show status                   |
-| `picoclaw version`        | Show version info             |
-| `picoclaw cron list`      | List all scheduled jobs       |
-| `picoclaw cron add ...`   | Add a scheduled job           |
-| `picoclaw cron disable`   | Disable a scheduled job       |
-| `picoclaw cron remove`    | Remove a scheduled job        |
-| `picoclaw skills list`    | List installed skills         |
-| `picoclaw skills install` | Install a skill               |
-| `picoclaw migrate`        | Migrate data from older versions |
-| `picoclaw auth login`     | Authenticate with providers   |
-
-### Scheduled Tasks / Reminders
-
-PicoClaw supports scheduled reminders and recurring tasks through the `cron` tool:
-
-* **One-time reminders**: "Remind me in 10 minutes" → triggers once after 10min
-* **Recurring tasks**: "Remind me every 2 hours" → triggers every 2 hours
-* **Cron expressions**: "Remind me at 9am daily" → uses cron expression
-
-## 🤝 Contribute & Roadmap
-
-PRs welcome! The codebase is intentionally small and readable. 🤗
-
-See our full [Community Roadmap](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/blob/main/ROADMAP.md).
-
-Developer group building, join after your first merged PR!
-
-User Groups:
-
-discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
-
-<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
-center">
-  <img src="assets/logo.webp" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
-
-  <h1>PicoClaw: Ultra-Efficient AI Assistant in Go</h1>
-
-  <h3>$10 Hardware · <10MB RAM · <1s Boot · 皮皮虾，我们走！</h3>
-  <p>
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.25+-00ADD8?style=flat&logo=go&logoColor=white" alt="Go">
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Arch-x86__64%2C%20ARM64%2C%20MIPS%2C%20RISC--V%2C%20LoongArch-blue" alt="Hardware">
-    <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-green" alt="License">
-    <br>
-    <a href="https://picoclaw.io"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Website-picoclaw.io-blue?style=flat&logo=google-chrome&logoColor=white" alt="Website"></a>
-    <a href="https://docs.picoclaw.io/"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Docs-Official-007acc?style=flat&logo=read-the-docs&logoColor=white" alt="Docs"></a>
-    <a href="https://deepwiki.com/sipeed/picoclaw"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Wiki-DeepWiki-FFA500?style=flat&logo=wikipedia&logoColor=white" alt="Wiki"></a>
-    <br>
-    <a href="https://x.com/SipeedIO"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/X_(Twitter)-SipeedIO-black?style=flat&logo=x&logoColor=white" alt="Twitter"></a>
-    <a href="./assets/wechat.png"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/WeChat-Group-41d56b?style=flat&logo=wechat&logoColor=white"></a>
-    <a href="https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Discord-Community-4c60eb?style=flat&logo=discord&logoColor=white" alt="Discord"></a>
-  </p>
-
-[中文](README.zh.md) | [日本語](README.ja.md) | [Português](README.pt-br.md) | [Tiếng Việt](README.vi.md) | [Français](README.fr.md) | [Italiano](README.it.md) | [Bahasa Indonesia](README.id.md) | **English**
-
-</div>
-
----
-
-> **PicoClaw** is an independent open-source project initiated by [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com). It is written entirely in **Go** — not a fork of OpenClaw, NanoBot, or any other project.
-
-🦐 PicoClaw is an ultra-lightweight personal AI Assistant inspired by [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot), refactored from the ground up in Go through a self-bootstrapping process, where the AI agent itself drove the entire architectural migration and code optimization.
-
-⚡️ Runs on $10 hardware with <10MB RAM: That's 99% less memory than OpenClaw and 98% cheaper than a Mac mini!
-
-<table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/picoclaw_mem.gif" width="360" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/licheervnano.png" width="400" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-> [!CAUTION]
-> **🚨 SECURITY & OFFICIAL CHANNELS / 安全声明**
->
-> * **NO CRYPTO:** PicoClaw has **NO** official token/coin. All claims on `pump.fun` or other trading platforms are **SCAMS**.
->
-> * **OFFICIAL DOMAIN:** The **ONLY** official website is **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)**, and company website is **[sipeed.com](https://sipeed.com)**
-> * **Warning:** Many `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` domains are registered by third parties.
-> * **Warning:** picoclaw is in early development now and may have unresolved network security issues. Do not deploy to production environments before the v1.0 release.
-> * **Note:** picoclaw has recently merged a lot of PRs, which may result in a larger memory footprint (10–20MB) in the latest versions. We plan to prioritize resource optimization as soon as the current feature set reaches a stable state.
-
-## 📢 News
-
-2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 Released!** System tray UI (Windows & Linux), sub-agent status tracking (`spawn_status`), experimental gateway hot-reload, cron security gates, and 2 security fixes. PicoClaw now at **25K ⭐**!
-
-2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — Biggest update yet!** MCP protocol support, 4 new channels (Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy), 3 new providers (Kimi/Minimax/Avian), vision pipeline, JSONL memory store, and model routing.
-
-2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** released with Docker Compose support and Web UI launcher.
-
-2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw hit **20K stars** in just 17 days! Channel auto-orchestration and capability interfaces landed.
-
-<details>
-<summary>Older news...</summary>
-
-2026-02-16 🎉 PicoClaw hit 12K stars in one week! Community maintainer roles and [roadmap](ROADMAP.md) officially posted.
-
-2026-02-13 🎉 PicoClaw hit 5000 stars in 4 days! Project Roadmap and Developer Group setup underway.
-
-2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw Launched!** Built in 1 day to bring AI Agents to $10 hardware with <10MB RAM. 🦐 PicoClaw，Let's Go！
-
-</details>
-
-## ✨ Features
-
-🪶 **Ultra-Lightweight**: <10MB Memory footprint — 99% smaller than OpenClaw core functionality.*
-
-💰 **Minimal Cost**: Efficient enough to run on $10 Hardware — 98% cheaper than a Mac mini.
-
-⚡️ **Lightning Fast**: 400X Faster startup time, boot in <1 second even on 0.6GHz single core.
-
-🌍 **True Portability**: Single self-contained binary across RISC-V, ARM, MIPS, and x86, One-click to Go!
-
-🤖 **AI-Bootstrapped**: Autonomous Go-native implementation — 95% Agent-generated core with human-in-the-loop refinement.
-
-🔌 **MCP Support**: Native [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) integration — connect any MCP server to extend agent capabilities.
-
-👁️ **Vision Pipeline**: Send images and files directly to the agent — automatic base64 encoding for multimodal LLMs.
-
-🧠 **Smart Routing**: Rule-based model routing — simple queries go to lightweight models, saving API costs.
-
-_*Recent versions may use 10–20MB due to rapid feature merges. Resource optimization is planned. Startup comparison based on 0.8GHz single-core benchmarks (see table below)._
-
-|                               | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                  | **PicoClaw**                              |
-| ----------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------------- |
-| **Language**                  | TypeScript    | Python                   | **Go**                                    |
-| **RAM**                       | >1GB          | >100MB                   | **< 10MB***                               |
-| **Startup**</br>(0.8GHz core) | >500s         | >30s                     | **<1s**                                   |
-| **Cost**                      | Mac Mini $599 | Most Linux SBC </br>~$50 | **Any Linux Board**</br>**As low as $10** |
-
-<img src="assets/compare.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
-
-> 📋 **[Hardware Compatibility List](docs/hardware-compatibility.md)** — See all tested boards, from $5 RISC-V to Raspberry Pi to Android phones. Your board not listed? Submit a PR!
-
-## 🦾 Demonstration
-
-### 🛠️ Standard Assistant Workflows
-
-<table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <th><p align="center">🧩 Full-Stack Engineer</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🗂️ Logging & Planning Management</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🔎 Web Search & Learning</p></th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center">Develop • Deploy • Scale</td>
-    <td align="center">Schedule • Automate • Memory</td>
-    <td align="center">Discovery • Insights • Trends</td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-### 📱 Run on old Android Phones
-
-Give your decade-old phone a second life! Turn it into a smart AI Assistant with PicoClaw. Quick Start:
-
-1. **Install [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app)** (Download from [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases), or search in F-Droid / Google Play).
-2. **Execute cmds**
-
-```bash
-# Download the latest release from https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases
+# Download the latest release
 wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
 tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
 pkg install proot
-termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard
+termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot provides a standard Linux filesystem layout
 ```
 
-And then follow the instructions in the "Quick Start" section to complete the configuration!
+Then follow the Terminal Launcher section below to complete configuration.
 
-<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
+<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw on Termux" width="512">
 
-### 🐜 Innovative Low-Footprint Deploy
+**Option 2: APK Install (coming soon)**
 
-PicoClaw can be deployed on almost any Linux device!
+A standalone Android APK with built-in WebUI is in development. Stay tuned!
 
-- $9.9 [LicheeRV-Nano](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006519668532.html) E(Ethernet) or W(WiFi6) version, for Minimal Home Assistant
-- $30~50 [NanoKVM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007369816019.html), or $100 [NanoKVM-Pro](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005010048471263.html) for Automated Server Maintenance
-- $50 [MaixCAM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008053333693.html) or $100 [MaixCAM2](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/zepan/maixcam2-build-your-next-gen-4k-ai-camera) for Smart Monitoring
+<details>
+<summary><b>Terminal Launcher (for resource-constrained environments)</b></summary>
 
-<https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/83055338/547056448-e7b031ff-d6f5-4468-bcca-5726b6fecb5c.mp4>
-
-🌟 More Deployment Cases Await！
-
-## 📦 Install
-
-### Install with precompiled binary
-
-Download the binary for your platform from the [Releases](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases) page.
-
-### Install from source (latest features, recommended for development)
-
-```bash
-git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
-
-cd picoclaw
-make deps
-
-# Build, no need to install
-make build
-
-# Build for multiple platforms
-make build-all
-
-# Build for Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W (32-bit: make build-linux-arm; 64-bit: make build-linux-arm64)
-make build-pi-zero
-
-# Build And Install
-make install
-```
-
-**Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W:** Use the binary that matches your OS: 32-bit Raspberry Pi OS → `make build-linux-arm`; 64-bit → `make build-linux-arm64`. Or run `make build-pi-zero` to build both.
-
-## 📚 Documentation
-
-For detailed guides, see the docs below. The README covers quick start only.
-
-```bash
-# 1. Clone this repo
-git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
-cd picoclaw
-
-# 2. First run — auto-generates docker/data/config.json then exits
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile gateway up
-# The container prints "First-run setup complete." and stops.
-
-# 3. Set your API keys
-vim docker/data/config.json   # Set provider API keys, bot tokens, etc.
-
-# 4. Start
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile gateway up -d
-```
-
-> [!TIP]
-> **Docker Users**: By default, the Gateway listens on `127.0.0.1` which is not accessible from the host. If you need to access the health endpoints or expose ports, set `PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOST=0.0.0.0` in your environment or update `config.json`.
-
-```bash
-# 5. Check logs
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml logs -f picoclaw-gateway
-
-# 6. Stop
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile gateway down
-```
-
-### Launcher Mode (Web Console)
-
-The `launcher` image includes all three binaries (`picoclaw`, `picoclaw-launcher`, `picoclaw-launcher-tui`) and starts the web console by default, which provides a browser-based UI for configuration and chat.
-
-```bash
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
-```
-
-Open http://localhost:18800 in your browser. The launcher manages the gateway process automatically.
-
-> [!WARNING]
-> The web console does not yet support authentication. Avoid exposing it to the public internet.
-
-### Agent Mode (One-shot)
-
-```bash
-# Ask a question
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml run --rm picoclaw-agent -m "What is 2+2?"
-
-# Interactive mode
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml run --rm picoclaw-agent
-```
-
-### Update
-
-```bash
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml pull
-docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile gateway up -d
-```
-
-### 🚀 Quick Start
-
-> [!TIP]
-> Set your API Key in `~/.picoclaw/config.json`. Get API Keys: [Volcengine (CodingPlan)](https://console.volcengine.com) (LLM) · [OpenRouter](https://openrouter.ai/keys) (LLM) · [Zhipu](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) (LLM). Web search is optional — get a free [Tavily API](https://tavily.com) (1000 free queries/month) or [Brave Search API](https://brave.com/search/api) (2000 free queries/month).
+For minimal environments where only the `picoclaw` core binary is available (no Launcher UI), you can configure everything via the command line and a JSON config file.
 
 **1. Initialize**
 
@@ -1011,493 +308,216 @@ docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile gateway up -d
 picoclaw onboard
 ```
 
+This creates `~/.picoclaw/config.json` and the workspace directory.
+
 **2. Configure** (`~/.picoclaw/config.json`)
 
 ```json
 {
   "agents": {
     "defaults": {
-      "workspace": "~/.picoclaw/workspace",
-      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
-      "max_tokens": 8192,
-      "temperature": 0.7,
-      "max_tool_iterations": 20
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4"
     }
   },
   "model_list": [
-    {
-      "model_name": "ark-code-latest",
-      "model": "volcengine/ark-code-latest",
-      "api_key": "sk-your-api-key"
-    },
     {
       "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
-      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
-      "api_key": "your-api-key",
-      "request_timeout": 300
-    },
-    {
-      "model_name": "claude-sonnet-4.6",
-      "model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
-      "api_key": "your-anthropic-key"
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4"
+      // api_key is now loaded from .security.yml
     }
-  ],
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+> See `config/config.example.json` in the repo for a complete configuration template with all available options.
+> 
+> Please note: config.example.json format is version 0, with sensitive codes in it, and will be auto migrated to version 1+, then, the config.json will only store insensitive data, the sensitive codes will be stored in .security.yml, if you need manually modify the codes, please see `docs/security_configuration.md` for more details.
+
+
+**3. Chat**
+
+```bash
+# One-shot question
+picoclaw agent -m "What is 2+2?"
+
+# Interactive mode
+picoclaw agent
+
+# Start gateway for chat app integration
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## 🔌 Providers (LLM)
+
+PicoClaw supports 30+ LLM providers through the `model_list` configuration. Use the `protocol/model` format:
+
+| Provider | Protocol | API Key | Notes |
+|----------|----------|---------|-------|
+| [OpenAI](https://platform.openai.com/api-keys) | `openai/` | Required | GPT-5.4, GPT-4o, o3, etc. |
+| [Anthropic](https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys) | `anthropic/` | Required | Claude Opus 4.6, Sonnet 4.6, etc. |
+| [Google Gemini](https://aistudio.google.com/apikey) | `gemini/` | Required | Gemini 3 Flash, 2.5 Pro, etc. |
+| [OpenRouter](https://openrouter.ai/keys) | `openrouter/` | Required | 200+ models, unified API |
+| [Zhipu (GLM)](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) | `zhipu/` | Required | GLM-4.7, GLM-5, etc. |
+| [DeepSeek](https://platform.deepseek.com/api_keys) | `deepseek/` | Required | DeepSeek-V3, DeepSeek-R1 |
+| [Volcengine](https://console.volcengine.com) | `volcengine/` | Required | Doubao, Ark models |
+| [Qwen](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com/apiKey) | `qwen/` | Required | Qwen3, Qwen-Max, etc. |
+| [Groq](https://console.groq.com/keys) | `groq/` | Required | Fast inference (Llama, Mixtral) |
+| [Moonshot (Kimi)](https://platform.moonshot.cn/console/api-keys) | `moonshot/` | Required | Kimi models |
+| [Minimax](https://platform.minimaxi.com/user-center/basic-information/interface-key) | `minimax/` | Required | MiniMax models |
+| [Mistral](https://console.mistral.ai/api-keys) | `mistral/` | Required | Mistral Large, Codestral |
+| [NVIDIA NIM](https://build.nvidia.com/) | `nvidia/` | Required | NVIDIA hosted models |
+| [Cerebras](https://cloud.cerebras.ai/) | `cerebras/` | Required | Fast inference |
+| [Novita AI](https://novita.ai/) | `novita/` | Required | Various open models |
+| [Ollama](https://ollama.com/) | `ollama/` | Not needed | Local models, self-hosted |
+| [vLLM](https://docs.vllm.ai/) | `vllm/` | Not needed | Local deployment, OpenAI-compatible |
+| [LiteLLM](https://docs.litellm.ai/) | `litellm/` | Varies | Proxy for 100+ providers |
+| [Azure OpenAI](https://portal.azure.com/) | `azure/` | Required | Enterprise Azure deployment |
+| [GitHub Copilot](https://github.com/features/copilot) | `github-copilot/` | OAuth | Device code login |
+| [Antigravity](https://console.cloud.google.com/) | `antigravity/` | OAuth | Google Cloud AI |
+| [AWS Bedrock](https://console.aws.amazon.com/bedrock)* | `bedrock/` | AWS credentials | Claude, Llama, Mistral on AWS |
+
+> \* AWS Bedrock requires build tag: `go build -tags bedrock`. Set `api_base` to a region name (e.g., `us-east-1`) for automatic endpoint resolution across all AWS partitions (aws, aws-cn, aws-us-gov). When using a full endpoint URL instead, you must also configure `AWS_REGION` via environment variable or AWS config/profile.
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Local deployment (Ollama, vLLM, etc.)</b></summary>
+
+**Ollama:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-llama",
+      "model": "ollama/llama3.1:8b",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:11434/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+**vLLM:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-vllm",
+      "model": "vllm/your-model",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:8000/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+For full provider configuration details, see [Providers & Models](docs/providers.md).
+
+</details>
+
+## 💬 Channels (Chat Apps)
+
+Talk to your PicoClaw through 17+ messaging platforms:
+
+| Channel | Setup | Protocol | Docs |
+|---------|-------|----------|------|
+| **Telegram** | Easy (bot token) | Long polling | [Guide](docs/channels/telegram/README.md) |
+| **Discord** | Easy (bot token + intents) | WebSocket | [Guide](docs/channels/discord/README.md) |
+| **WhatsApp** | Easy (QR scan or bridge URL) | Native / Bridge | [Guide](docs/chat-apps.md#whatsapp) |
+| **Weixin** | Easy (Native QR scan) | iLink API | [Guide](docs/chat-apps.md#weixin) |
+| **QQ** | Easy (AppID + AppSecret) | WebSocket | [Guide](docs/channels/qq/README.md) |
+| **Slack** | Easy (bot + app token) | Socket Mode | [Guide](docs/channels/slack/README.md) |
+| **Matrix** | Medium (homeserver + token) | Sync API | [Guide](docs/channels/matrix/README.md) |
+| **DingTalk** | Medium (client credentials) | Stream | [Guide](docs/channels/dingtalk/README.md) |
+| **Feishu / Lark** | Medium (App ID + Secret) | WebSocket/SDK | [Guide](docs/channels/feishu/README.md) |
+| **LINE** | Medium (credentials + webhook) | Webhook | [Guide](docs/channels/line/README.md) |
+| **WeCom Bot** | Medium (webhook URL) | Webhook | [Guide](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.md) |
+| **WeCom App** | Medium (corp credentials) | Webhook | [Guide](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.md) |
+| **WeCom AI Bot** | Medium (token + AES key) | WebSocket / Webhook | [Guide](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.md) |
+| **IRC** | Medium (server + nick) | IRC protocol | [Guide](docs/chat-apps.md#irc) |
+| **OneBot** | Medium (WebSocket URL) | OneBot v11 | [Guide](docs/channels/onebot/README.md) |
+| **MaixCam** | Easy (enable) | TCP socket | [Guide](docs/channels/maixcam/README.md) |
+| **Pico** | Easy (enable) | Native protocol | Built-in |
+| **Pico Client** | Easy (WebSocket URL) | WebSocket | Built-in |
+
+> All webhook-based channels share a single Gateway HTTP server (`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`, default `127.0.0.1:18790`). Feishu uses WebSocket/SDK mode and does not use the shared HTTP server.
+
+For detailed channel setup instructions, see [Chat Apps Configuration](docs/chat-apps.md).
+
+## 🔧 Tools
+
+### 🔍 Web Search
+
+PicoClaw can search the web to provide up-to-date information. Configure in `tools.web`:
+
+| Search Engine | API Key | Free Tier | Link |
+|--------------|---------|-----------|------|
+| DuckDuckGo | Not needed | Unlimited | Built-in fallback |
+| [Baidu Search](https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan-api/s/Wmbq4z7e5) | Required | 1000 queries/day | AI-powered, China-optimized |
+| [Tavily](https://tavily.com) | Required | 1000 queries/month | Optimized for AI Agents |
+| [Brave Search](https://brave.com/search/api) | Required | 2000 queries/month | Fast and private |
+| [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai) | Required | Paid | AI-powered search |
+| [SearXNG](https://github.com/searxng/searxng) | Not needed | Self-hosted | Free metasearch engine |
+| [GLM Search](https://open.bigmodel.cn/) | Required | Varies | Zhipu web search |
+
+### ⚙️ Other Tools
+
+PicoClaw includes built-in tools for file operations, code execution, scheduling, and more. See [Tools Configuration](docs/tools_configuration.md) for details.
+
+## 🎯 Skills
+
+Skills are modular capabilities that extend your Agent. They are loaded from `SKILL.md` files in your workspace.
+
+**Install skills from ClawHub:**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw skills search "web scraping"
+picoclaw skills install <skill-name>
+```
+
+**Configure ClawHub token** (optional, for higher rate limits):
+
+Add to your `config.json`:
+```json
+{
   "tools": {
-    "web": {
-      "brave": {
-        "enabled": false,
-        "api_key": "YOUR_BRAVE_API_KEY",
-        "max_results": 5
-      },
-      "tavily": {
-        "enabled": false,
-        "api_key": "YOUR_TAVILY_API_KEY",
-        "max_results": 5
-      },
-      "duckduckgo": {
-        "enabled": true,
-        "max_results": 5
-      },
-      "perplexity": {
-        "enabled": false,
-        "api_key": "YOUR_PERPLEXITY_API_KEY",
-        "max_results": 5
-      },
-      "searxng": {
-        "enabled": false,
-        "base_url": "http://your-searxng-instance:8888",
-        "max_results": 5
+    "skills": {
+      "registries": {
+        "clawhub": {
+          "auth_token": "your-clawhub-token"
+        }
       }
     }
   }
 }
 ```
 
-> **New**: The `model_list` configuration format allows zero-code provider addition. See [Model Configuration](#model-configuration-model_list) for details.
-> `request_timeout` is optional and uses seconds. If omitted or set to `<= 0`, PicoClaw uses the default timeout (120s).
+For more details, see [Tools Configuration - Skills](docs/tools_configuration.md#skills-tool).
 
-**3. Get API Keys**
+## 🔗 MCP (Model Context Protocol)
 
-* **LLM Provider**: [OpenRouter](https://openrouter.ai/keys) · [Zhipu](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) · [Anthropic](https://console.anthropic.com) · [OpenAI](https://platform.openai.com) · [Gemini](https://aistudio.google.com/api-keys)
-* **Web Search** (optional):
-  * [Brave Search](https://brave.com/search/api) - Paid ($5/1000 queries, ~$5-6/month)
-  * [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai) - AI-powered search with chat interface
-  * [SearXNG](https://github.com/searxng/searxng) - Self-hosted metasearch engine (free, no API key needed)
-  * [Tavily](https://tavily.com) - Optimized for AI Agents (1000 requests/month)
-  * DuckDuckGo - Built-in fallback (no API key required)
-
-> **Note**: See `config.example.json` for a complete configuration template.
-
-**4. Chat**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw agent -m "What is 2+2?"
-```
-
-That's it! You have a working AI assistant in 2 minutes.
-
----
-
-## 💬 Chat Apps
-
-Talk to your picoclaw through Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix, QQ, DingTalk, LINE, or WeCom
-
-> **Note**: All webhook-based channels (LINE, WeCom, etc.) are served on a single shared Gateway HTTP server (`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`, default `127.0.0.1:18790`). There are no per-channel ports to configure. Note: Feishu uses WebSocket/SDK mode and does not use the shared HTTP webhook server.
-
-| Channel      | Setup                              |
-| ------------ | ---------------------------------- |
-| **Telegram** | Easy (just a token)                |
-| **Discord**  | Easy (bot token + intents)         |
-| **WhatsApp** | Easy (native: QR scan; or bridge URL) |
-| **Matrix**   | Medium (homeserver + bot access token) |
-| **QQ**       | Easy (AppID + AppSecret)           |
-| **DingTalk** | Medium (app credentials)           |
-| **LINE**     | Medium (credentials + webhook URL) |
-| **WeCom AI Bot** | Medium (Token + AES key)       |
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>Telegram</b> (Recommended)</summary>
-
-**1. Create a bot**
-
-* Open Telegram, search `@BotFather`
-* Send `/newbot`, follow prompts
-* Copy the token
-
-**2. Configure**
+PicoClaw natively supports [MCP](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) — connect any MCP server to extend your Agent's capabilities with external tools and data sources.
 
 ```json
 {
-  "channels": {
-    "telegram": {
+  "tools": {
+    "mcp": {
       "enabled": true,
-      "token": "YOUR_BOT_TOKEN",
-      "allow_from": ["YOUR_USER_ID"]
+      "servers": {
+        "filesystem": {
+          "enabled": true,
+          "command": "npx",
+          "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/tmp"]
+        }
+      }
     }
   }
 }
 ```
 
-> Get your user ID from `@userinfobot` on Telegram.
-
-**3. Run**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-
-**4. Telegram command menu (auto-registered at startup)**
-
-PicoClaw now keeps command definitions in one shared registry. On startup, Telegram will automatically register supported bot commands (for example `/start`, `/help`, `/show`, `/list`) so command menu and runtime behavior stay in sync.
-Telegram command menu registration remains channel-local discovery UX; generic command execution is handled centrally in the agent loop via the commands executor.
-
-If command registration fails (network/API transient errors), the channel still starts and PicoClaw retries registration in the background.
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>Discord</b></summary>
-
-**1. Create a bot**
-
-* Go to <https://discord.com/developers/applications>
-* Create an application → Bot → Add Bot
-* Copy the bot token
-
-**2. Enable intents**
-
-* In the Bot settings, enable **MESSAGE CONTENT INTENT**
-* (Optional) Enable **SERVER MEMBERS INTENT** if you plan to use allow lists based on member data
-
-**3. Get your User ID**
-* Discord Settings → Advanced → enable **Developer Mode**
-* Right-click your avatar → **Copy User ID**
-
-**4. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "discord": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "token": "YOUR_BOT_TOKEN",
-      "allow_from": ["YOUR_USER_ID"]
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**5. Invite the bot**
-
-* OAuth2 → URL Generator
-* Scopes: `bot`
-* Bot Permissions: `Send Messages`, `Read Message History`
-* Open the generated invite URL and add the bot to your server
-
-**Optional: Group trigger mode**
-
-By default the bot responds to all messages in a server channel. To restrict responses to @-mentions only, add:
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "discord": {
-      "group_trigger": { "mention_only": true }
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-You can also trigger by keyword prefixes (e.g. `!bot`):
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "discord": {
-      "group_trigger": { "prefixes": ["!bot"] }
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**6. Run**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>WhatsApp</b> (native via whatsmeow)</summary>
-
-PicoClaw can connect to WhatsApp in two ways:
-
-- **Native (recommended):** In-process using [whatsmeow](https://github.com/tulir/whatsmeow). No separate bridge. Set `"use_native": true` and leave `bridge_url` empty. On first run, scan the QR code with WhatsApp (Linked Devices). Session is stored under your workspace (e.g. `workspace/whatsapp/`). The native channel is **optional** to keep the default binary small; build with `-tags whatsapp_native` (e.g. `make build-whatsapp-native` or `go build -tags whatsapp_native ./cmd/...`).
-- **Bridge:** Connect to an external WebSocket bridge. Set `bridge_url` (e.g. `ws://localhost:3001`) and keep `use_native` false.
-
-**Configure (native)**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "whatsapp": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "use_native": true,
-      "session_store_path": "",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-If `session_store_path` is empty, the session is stored in `&lt;workspace&gt;/whatsapp/`. Run `picoclaw gateway`; on first run, scan the QR code printed in the terminal with WhatsApp → Linked Devices.
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>QQ</b></summary>
-
-**1. Create a bot**
-
-- Go to [QQ Open Platform](https://q.qq.com/#)
-- Create an application → Get **AppID** and **AppSecret**
-
-**2. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "qq": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "app_id": "YOUR_APP_ID",
-      "app_secret": "YOUR_APP_SECRET",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-> Set `allow_from` to empty to allow all users, or specify QQ numbers to restrict access.
-
-**3. Run**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>DingTalk</b></summary>
-
-**1. Create a bot**
-
-* Go to [Open Platform](https://open.dingtalk.com/)
-* Create an internal app
-* Copy Client ID and Client Secret
-
-**2. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "dingtalk": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "client_id": "YOUR_CLIENT_ID",
-      "client_secret": "YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-> Set `allow_from` to empty to allow all users, or specify DingTalk user IDs to restrict access.
-
-**3. Run**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>Matrix</b></summary>
-
-**1. Prepare bot account**
-
-* Use your preferred homeserver (e.g. `https://matrix.org` or self-hosted)
-* Create a bot user and obtain its access token
-
-**2. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "matrix": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "homeserver": "https://matrix.org",
-      "user_id": "@your-bot:matrix.org",
-      "access_token": "YOUR_MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**3. Run**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-
-For full options (`device_id`, `join_on_invite`, `group_trigger`, `placeholder`, `reasoning_channel_id`), see [Matrix Channel Configuration Guide](docs/channels/matrix/README.md).
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>LINE</b></summary>
-
-**1. Create a LINE Official Account**
-
-- Go to [LINE Developers Console](https://developers.line.biz/)
-- Create a provider → Create a Messaging API channel
-- Copy **Channel Secret** and **Channel Access Token**
-
-**2. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "line": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "channel_secret": "YOUR_CHANNEL_SECRET",
-      "channel_access_token": "YOUR_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN",
-      "webhook_path": "/webhook/line",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-> LINE webhook is served on the shared Gateway server (`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`, default `127.0.0.1:18790`).
-
-**3. Set up Webhook URL**
-
-LINE requires HTTPS for webhooks. Use a reverse proxy or tunnel:
-
-```bash
-# Example with ngrok (gateway default port is 18790)
-ngrok http 18790
-```
-
-Then set the Webhook URL in LINE Developers Console to `https://your-domain/webhook/line` and enable **Use webhook**.
-
-**4. Run**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-
-> In group chats, the bot responds only when @mentioned. Replies quote the original message.
-
-</details>
-
-<details>
-<summary><b>WeCom (企业微信)</b></summary>
-
-PicoClaw supports three types of WeCom integration:
-
-**Option 1: WeCom Bot (Bot)** - Easier setup, supports group chats
-**Option 2: WeCom App (Custom App)** - More features, proactive messaging, private chat only
-**Option 3: WeCom AI Bot (AI Bot)** - Official AI Bot, streaming replies, supports group & private chat
-
-See [WeCom AI Bot Configuration Guide](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.zh.md) for detailed setup instructions.
-
-**Quick Setup - WeCom AI Bot:**
-
-**1. Create an AI Bot**
-
-* Go to WeCom Admin Console → AI Bot
-* Create a new AI Bot → Set name, avatar, etc.
-* Copy **Bot ID** and **Secret**
-
-**2. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "wecom_aibot": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "bot_id": "YOUR_BOT_ID",
-      "secret": "YOUR_SECRET",
-      "allow_from": [],
-      "welcome_message": "Hello! How can I help you?"
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**3. Run**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-
-> **Note**: WeCom AI Bot uses streaming pull protocol — no reply timeout concerns. Long tasks (>30 seconds) automatically switch to `response_url` push delivery.
-
-</details>
+For full MCP configuration (stdio, SSE, HTTP transports, Tool Discovery), see [Tools Configuration - MCP](docs/tools_configuration.md#mcp-tool).
 
 ## <img src="assets/clawdchat-icon.png" width="24" height="24" alt="ClawdChat"> Join the Agent Social Network
 
-Connect Picoclaw to the Agent Social Network simply by sending a single message via the CLI or any integrated Chat App.
-
-**Read `https://clawdchat.ai/skill.md` and follow the instructions to join [ClawdChat.ai](https://clawdchat.ai)**
-
-## 🖥️ CLI Reference
-
-| Command                   | Description                   |
-| ------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
-| `picoclaw onboard`        | Initialize config & workspace |
-| `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | Chat with the agent           |
-| `picoclaw agent`          | Interactive chat mode         |
-| `picoclaw gateway`        | Start the gateway             |
-| `picoclaw status`         | Show status                   |
-| `picoclaw version`        | Show version info             |
-| `picoclaw cron list`      | List all scheduled jobs       |
-| `picoclaw cron add ...`   | Add a scheduled job           |
-| `picoclaw cron disable`   | Disable a scheduled job       |
-| `picoclaw cron remove`    | Remove a scheduled job        |
-| `picoclaw skills list`    | List installed skills         |
-| `picoclaw skills install` | Install a skill               |
-| `picoclaw migrate`        | Migrate data from older versions |
-| `picoclaw auth login`     | Authenticate with providers   |
-
-### Scheduled Tasks / Reminders
-
-PicoClaw supports scheduled reminders and recurring tasks through the `cron` tool:
-
-* **One-time reminders**: "Remind me in 10 minutes" → triggers once after 10min
-* **Recurring tasks**: "Remind me every 2 hours" → triggers every 2 hours
-* **Cron expressions**: "Remind me at 9am daily" → uses cron expression
-
-## 🤝 Contribute & Roadmap
-
-PRs welcome! The codebase is intentionally small and readable. 🤗
-
-See our full [Community Roadmap](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/blob/main/ROADMAP.md).
-
-Developer group building, join after your first merged PR!
-
-User Groups:
-
-discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
-
-<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
-
-## <img src="assets/clawdchat-icon.png" width="24" height="24" alt="ClawdChat"> Join the Agent Social Network
-
-Connect Picoclaw to the Agent Social Network simply by sending a single message via the CLI or any integrated Chat App.
+Connect PicoClaw to the Agent Social Network simply by sending a single message via the CLI or any integrated Chat App.
 
 **Read `https://clawdchat.ai/skill.md` and follow the instructions to join [ClawdChat.ai](https://clawdchat.ai)**
 
@@ -1506,11 +526,13 @@ Connect Picoclaw to the Agent Social Network simply by sending a single message
 | Command                   | Description                      |
 | ------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
 | `picoclaw onboard`        | Initialize config & workspace    |
+| `picoclaw auth weixin` | Connect WeChat account via QR |
 | `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | Chat with the agent              |
 | `picoclaw agent`          | Interactive chat mode            |
 | `picoclaw gateway`        | Start the gateway                |
 | `picoclaw status`         | Show status                      |
 | `picoclaw version`        | Show version info                |
+| `picoclaw model`          | View or switch the default model |
 | `picoclaw cron list`      | List all scheduled jobs          |
 | `picoclaw cron add ...`   | Add a scheduled job              |
 | `picoclaw cron disable`   | Disable a scheduled job          |
@@ -1518,27 +540,45 @@ Connect Picoclaw to the Agent Social Network simply by sending a single message
 | `picoclaw skills list`    | List installed skills            |
 | `picoclaw skills install` | Install a skill                  |
 | `picoclaw migrate`        | Migrate data from older versions |
-| `picoclaw auth login`     | Authenticate with providers   |
-| `picoclaw model`          | View or switch the default model |
+| `picoclaw auth login`     | Authenticate with providers      |
 
-### Scheduled Tasks / Reminders
+### ⏰ Scheduled Tasks / Reminders
 
 PicoClaw supports scheduled reminders and recurring tasks through the `cron` tool:
 
-* **One-time reminders**: "Remind me in 10 minutes" → triggers once after 10min
-* **Recurring tasks**: "Remind me every 2 hours" → triggers every 2 hours
-* **Cron expressions**: "Remind me at 9am daily" → uses cron expression
+* **One-time reminders**: "Remind me in 10 minutes" -> triggers once after 10min
+* **Recurring tasks**: "Remind me every 2 hours" -> triggers every 2 hours
+* **Cron expressions**: "Remind me at 9am daily" -> uses cron expression
+
+## 📚 Documentation
+
+For detailed guides beyond this README:
+
+| Topic | Description |
+|-------|-------------|
+| [Docker & Quick Start](docs/docker.md) | Docker Compose setup, Launcher/Agent modes |
+| [Chat Apps](docs/chat-apps.md) | All 17+ channel setup guides |
+| [Configuration](docs/configuration.md) | Environment variables, workspace layout, security sandbox |
+| [Providers & Models](docs/providers.md) | 30+ LLM providers, model routing, model_list configuration |
+| [Spawn & Async Tasks](docs/spawn-tasks.md) | Quick tasks, long tasks with spawn, async sub-agent orchestration |
+| [Hooks](docs/hooks/README.md) | Event-driven hook system: observers, interceptors, approval hooks |
+| [Steering](docs/steering.md) | Inject messages into a running agent loop between tool calls |
+| [SubTurn](docs/subturn.md) | Subagent coordination, concurrency control, lifecycle |
+| [Troubleshooting](docs/troubleshooting.md) | Common issues and solutions |
+| [Tools Configuration](docs/tools_configuration.md) | Per-tool enable/disable, exec policies, MCP, Skills |
+| [Hardware Compatibility](docs/hardware-compatibility.md) | Tested boards, minimum requirements |
 
 ## 🤝 Contribute & Roadmap
 
-PRs welcome! The codebase is intentionally small and readable. 🤗
+PRs welcome! The codebase is intentionally small and readable.
 
-See our full [Community Roadmap](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/blob/main/ROADMAP.md).
+See our [Community Roadmap](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/issues/988) and [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for guidelines.
 
 Developer group building, join after your first merged PR!
 
 User Groups:
 
-discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
+Discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
 
-<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
+WeChat:
+<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="WeChat group QR code" width="512">
diff --git a/README.pt-br.md b/README.pt-br.md
index 09dba588f..2d5abeec3 100644
--- a/README.pt-br.md
+++ b/README.pt-br.md
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <div align="center">
-  <img src="assets/logo.webp" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
+<img src="assets/logo.webp" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
 
-  <h1>PicoClaw: Assistente de IA Ultra-Eficiente em Go</h1>
+<h1>PicoClaw: Assistente de IA Ultra-Eficiente em Go</h1>
 
-  <h3>Hardware de $10 · <10MB de RAM · Boot em <1s · 皮皮虾，我们走！</h3>
+<h3>Hardware de $10 · 10MB de RAM · Boot em ms · Let's Go, PicoClaw!</h3>
   <p>
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.25+-00ADD8?style=flat&logo=go&logoColor=white" alt="Go">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Arch-x86__64%2C%20ARM64%2C%20MIPS%2C%20RISC--V%2C%20LoongArch-blue" alt="Hardware">
@@ -24,149 +24,137 @@
 
 ---
 
-> **PicoClaw** é um projeto open-source independente iniciado pela [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com). É escrito inteiramente em **Go** — não é um fork do OpenClaw, NanoBot ou qualquer outro projeto.
+> **PicoClaw** é um projeto open-source independente iniciado pela [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com), escrito inteiramente em **Go** do zero — não é um fork do OpenClaw, NanoBot ou qualquer outro projeto.
 
-🦐 PicoClaw é um assistente pessoal de IA ultra-leve inspirado no [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot), reescrito do zero em Go por meio de um processo de auto-inicialização (self-bootstrapping), onde o próprio agente de IA conduziu toda a migração de arquitetura e otimização de código.
+**PicoClaw** é um assistente de IA pessoal ultra-leve inspirado no [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot). Foi reconstruído do zero em **Go** por meio de um processo de "auto-bootstrapping" — o próprio AI Agent conduziu a migração de arquitetura e a otimização do código.
 
-⚡️ Roda em hardware de $10 com <10MB de RAM: Isso é 99% menos memória que o OpenClaw e 98% mais barato que um Mac mini!
+**Roda em hardware de $10 com menos de 10MB de RAM** — isso é 99% menos memória que o OpenClaw e 98% mais barato que um Mac mini!
 
 <table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/picoclaw_mem.gif" width="360" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/licheervnano.png" width="400" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-  </tr>
+<tr align="center">
+<td align="center" valign="top">
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/picoclaw_mem.gif" width="360" height="240">
+</p>
+</td>
+<td align="center" valign="top">
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/licheervnano.png" width="400" height="240">
+</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
 </table>
 
 > [!CAUTION]
-> **🚨 DECLARAÇÃO DE SEGURANÇA & CANAIS OFICIAIS**
+> **Aviso de Segurança**
 >
-> * **SEM CRIPTOMOEDAS:** O PicoClaw **NÃO** possui nenhum token/moeda oficial. Todas as alegações no `pump.fun` ou outras plataformas de negociação são **GOLPES**.
->
-> * **DOMÍNIO OFICIAL:** O **ÚNICO** site oficial é o **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)**, e o site da empresa é o **[sipeed.com](https://sipeed.com)**
-> * **Aviso:** Muitos domínios `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` foram registrados por terceiros.
-> * **Aviso:** O PicoClaw está em fase inicial de desenvolvimento e pode ter problemas de segurança de rede não resolvidos. Não implante em ambientes de produção antes da versão v1.0.
-> * **Nota:** O PicoClaw recentemente fez merge de muitos PRs, o que pode resultar em maior consumo de memória (10–20MB) nas versões mais recentes. Planejamos priorizar a otimização de recursos assim que o conjunto de funcionalidades estiver estável.
+> * **SEM CRIPTO:** O PicoClaw **não** emitiu nenhum token oficial ou criptomoeda. Todas as alegações no `pump.fun` ou outras plataformas de negociação são **golpes**.
+> * **DOMÍNIO OFICIAL:** O **ÚNICO** site oficial é **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)**, e o site da empresa é **[sipeed.com](https://sipeed.com)**
+> * **ATENÇÃO:** Muitos domínios `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` foram registrados por terceiros. Não confie neles.
+> * **NOTA:** O PicoClaw está em desenvolvimento rápido inicial. Podem existir problemas de segurança não resolvidos. Não implante em produção antes da v1.0.
+> * **NOTA:** O PicoClaw mesclou muitos PRs recentemente. Builds recentes podem usar 10-20MB de RAM. A otimização de recursos está planejada após a estabilização de funcionalidades.
 
 ## 📢 Novidades
 
-2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 Lançado!** Interface de bandeja do sistema (Windows & Linux), rastreamento de status de sub-agentes (`spawn_status`), hot-reload experimental do gateway, portões de segurança para cron e 2 correções de segurança. PicoClaw agora com **25K ⭐**!
+2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 Lançada!** UI na bandeja do sistema (Windows e Linux), consulta de status de sub-agent (`spawn_status`), hot-reload experimental do Gateway, controle de segurança do Cron e 2 correções de segurança. O PicoClaw atingiu **25K Stars**!
 
-2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — Maior atualização até agora!** Suporte ao protocolo MCP, 4 novos canais (Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy), 3 novos provedores (Kimi/Minimax/Avian), pipeline de visão, armazenamento de memória JSONL e roteamento de modelos.
+2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — Maior atualização até agora!** Suporte ao protocolo MCP, 4 novos channels (Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy), 3 novos providers (Kimi/Minimax/Avian), pipeline de visão, armazenamento de memória JSONL, roteamento de modelos.
 
-2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** lançado com suporte a Docker Compose e launcher Web UI.
+2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** lançada com suporte a Docker Compose e Web UI Launcher.
 
-2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw atingiu **20K stars** em apenas 17 dias! Orquestração automática de canais e interfaces de capacidade implementadas.
+2026-02-26 🎉 O PicoClaw atinge **20K Stars** em apenas 17 dias! Orquestração automática de channels e interfaces de capacidade estão disponíveis.
 
 <details>
-<summary>Novidades anteriores...</summary>
+<summary>Notícias anteriores...</summary>
 
-2026-02-16 🎉 PicoClaw atingiu 12K stars em uma semana! Papéis de maintainers da comunidade e [roadmap](ROADMAP.md) publicados oficialmente.
+2026-02-16 🎉 O PicoClaw ultrapassa 12K Stars em uma semana! Funções de mantenedor da comunidade e [Roadmap](ROADMAP.md) lançados oficialmente.
 
-2026-02-13 🎉 PicoClaw atingiu 5000 stars em 4 dias! Roadmap do Projeto e Grupo de Desenvolvedores em preparação.
+2026-02-13 🎉 O PicoClaw ultrapassa 5000 Stars em 4 dias! Roadmap do projeto e grupos de desenvolvedores em andamento.
 
-2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw Lançado!** Construído em 1 dia para trazer Agentes de IA para hardware de $10 com <10MB de RAM. 🦐 PicoClaw, Partiu!
+2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw Lançado!** Construído em 1 dia para levar AI Agents a hardware de $10 com menos de 10MB de RAM. Let's Go, PicoClaw!
 
 </details>
 
 ## ✨ Funcionalidades
 
-🪶 **Ultra-Leve**: Consumo de memória <10MB — 99% menor que o OpenClaw para funcionalidades essenciais.*
+🪶 **Ultra-leve**: Footprint de memória do núcleo <10MB — 99% menor que o OpenClaw.*
 
-💰 **Custo Mínimo**: Eficiente o suficiente para rodar em hardware de $10 — 98% mais barato que um Mac mini.
+💰 **Custo mínimo**: Eficiente o suficiente para rodar em hardware de $10 — 98% mais barato que um Mac mini.
 
-⚡️ **Inicialização Relâmpago**: Tempo de inicialização 400X mais rápido, boot em <1 segundo mesmo em CPU single-core de 0.6GHz.
+⚡️ **Boot ultrarrápido**: Inicialização 400x mais rápida. Boot em menos de 1s mesmo em um processador single-core de 0,6GHz.
 
-🌍 **Portabilidade Real**: Um único binário auto-contido para RISC-V, ARM, MIPS e x86. Um clique e já era!
+🌍 **Verdadeiramente portátil**: Binário único para arquiteturas RISC-V, ARM, MIPS e x86. Um binário, roda em qualquer lugar!
 
-🤖 **Auto-Construído por IA**: Implementação nativa em Go de forma autônoma — 95% do núcleo gerado pelo Agente com refinamento humano no loop.
+🤖 **Bootstrapped por IA**: Implementação nativa pura em Go — 95% do código principal foi gerado por um Agent e refinado por revisão humana.
 
-🔌 **Suporte MCP**: Integração nativa com o [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) — conecte qualquer servidor MCP para estender as capacidades do agente.
+🔌 **Suporte a MCP**: Integração nativa com o [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) — conecte qualquer servidor MCP para estender as capacidades do Agent.
 
-👁️ **Pipeline de Visão**: Envie imagens e arquivos diretamente ao agente — codificação base64 automática para LLMs multimodais.
+👁️ **Pipeline de visão**: Envie imagens e arquivos diretamente ao Agent — codificação base64 automática para LLMs multimodais.
 
-🧠 **Roteamento Inteligente**: Roteamento de modelos baseado em regras — consultas simples vão para modelos leves, economizando custos de API.
+🧠 **Roteamento inteligente**: Roteamento de modelos baseado em regras — consultas simples vão para modelos leves, economizando custos de API.
 
-_*Versões recentes podem usar 10–20MB devido a merges rápidos de funcionalidades. Otimização de recursos está planejada. Comparação de inicialização baseada em benchmarks de single-core a 0.8GHz (veja tabela abaixo)._
+_*Builds recentes podem usar 10-20MB devido a merges rápidos de PRs. Otimização de recursos está planejada. Comparação de velocidade de boot baseada em benchmarks de single-core a 0,8GHz (veja tabela abaixo)._
 
-|                                    | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                         | **PicoClaw**                                     |
-| ---------------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
-| **Linguagem**                      | TypeScript    | Python                          | **Go**                                           |
-| **RAM**                            | >1GB          | >100MB                          | **< 10MB***                                      |
-| **Inicialização**</br>(CPU 0.8GHz) | >500s         | >30s                            | **<1s**                                          |
-| **Custo**                          | Mac Mini $599 | Maioria dos SBC Linux </br>~$50 | **Qualquer placa Linux**</br>**A partir de $10** |
+<div align="center">
+
+|                                | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                  | **PicoClaw**                           |
+| ------------------------------ | ------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
+| **Linguagem**                  | TypeScript    | Python                   | **Go**                                 |
+| **RAM**                        | >1GB          | >100MB                   | **< 10MB***                            |
+| **Tempo de boot**</br>(core 0,8GHz) | >500s    | >30s                     | **<1s**                                |
+| **Custo**                      | Mac Mini $599 | Maioria das placas Linux ~$50 | **Qualquer placa Linux**</br>**a partir de $10** |
 
 <img src="assets/compare.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
 
-> 📋 **[Lista de Compatibilidade de Hardware](docs/hardware-compatibility.md)** — Veja todas as placas testadas, de RISC-V de $5 a Raspberry Pi e telefones Android. Sua placa não está listada? Envie um PR!
+</div>
+
+> **[Lista de Compatibilidade de Hardware](docs/pt-br/hardware-compatibility.md)** — Veja todas as placas testadas, de RISC-V de $5 ao Raspberry Pi e celulares Android. Sua placa não está listada? Envie um PR!
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/hardware-banner.jpg" alt="PicoClaw Hardware Compatibility" width="100%">
+</p>
 
 ## 🦾 Demonstração
 
 ### 🛠️ Fluxos de Trabalho Padrão do Assistente
 
 <table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <th><p align="center">🧩 Engenharia Full-Stack</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🗂️ Gerenciamento de Logs & Planejamento</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🔎 Busca Web & Aprendizado</p></th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center">Desenvolver • Implantar • Escalar</td>
-    <td align="center">Agendar • Automatizar • Memorizar</td>
-    <td align="center">Descobrir • Analisar • Tendências</td>
-  </tr>
+<tr align="center">
+<th><p align="center">Modo Engenheiro Full-Stack</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">Registro e Planejamento</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">Busca na Web e Aprendizado</p></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center">Desenvolver · Implantar · Escalar</td>
+<td align="center">Agendar · Automatizar · Lembrar</td>
+<td align="center">Descobrir · Insights · Tendências</td>
+</tr>
 </table>
 
-### 📱 Rode em celulares Android antigos
-
-Dê uma segunda vida ao seu celular de dez anos atrás! Transforme-o em um assistente de IA inteligente com o PicoClaw. Início rápido:
-
-1. **Instale o [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app)** (Baixe em [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases), ou busque no F-Droid / Google Play).
-2. **Execute os comandos**
-
-```bash
-# Baixe a versão mais recente em https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases
-wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-pkg install proot
-termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot fornece um layout padrão do sistema de arquivos Linux
-```
-
-Depois siga as instruções na seção "Início Rápido" para completar a configuração!
-
-<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
-
-### 🐜 Implantação Inovadora com Baixo Consumo
+### 🐜 Implantação Inovadora de Baixo Consumo
 
 O PicoClaw pode ser implantado em praticamente qualquer dispositivo Linux!
 
-- $9.9 [LicheeRV-Nano](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006519668532.html) versão E(Ethernet) ou W(WiFi6), para Assistente Doméstico Minimalista
-- $30~50 [NanoKVM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007369816019.html), ou $100 [NanoKVM-Pro](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005010048471263.html) para Manutenção Automatizada de Servidores
-- $50 [MaixCAM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008053333693.html) ou $100 [MaixCAM2](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/zepan/maixcam2-build-your-next-gen-4k-ai-camera) para Monitoramento Inteligente
+- $9,9 [LicheeRV-Nano](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006519668532.html) edição E(Ethernet) ou W(WiFi6), para um assistente doméstico mínimo
+- $30~50 [NanoKVM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007369816019.html), ou $100 [NanoKVM-Pro](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005010048471263.html), para operações automatizadas de servidor
+- $50 [MaixCAM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008053333693.html) ou $100 [MaixCAM2](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/zepan/maixcam2-build-your-next-gen-4k-ai-camera), para vigilância inteligente
 
 <https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/83055338/547056448-e7b031ff-d6f5-4468-bcca-5726b6fecb5c.mp4>
 
-🌟 Mais cenários de implantação aguardam você!
+🌟 Mais Casos de Implantação Aguardam!
 
 ## 📦 Instalação
 
-### Baixar de picoclaw.io (Recomendado)
+### Download pelo picoclaw.io (Recomendado)
 
-Visite **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)** — o site oficial detecta automaticamente sua plataforma e oferece download com um clique. Sem necessidade de escolher manualmente a arquitetura.
+Acesse **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)** — o site oficial detecta automaticamente sua plataforma e fornece download com um clique. Não é necessário selecionar a arquitetura manualmente.
 
-### Baixar binário pré-compilado
+### Download do binário pré-compilado
 
 Alternativamente, baixe o binário para sua plataforma na página de [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases).
 
@@ -178,80 +166,413 @@ git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
 cd picoclaw
 make deps
 
-# Build, sem necessidade de instalar
+# Compilar o binário principal
 make build
 
-# Build para múltiplas plataformas
+# Compilar o Web UI Launcher (necessário para o modo WebUI)
+make build-launcher
+
+# Compilar para múltiplas plataformas
 make build-all
 
-# Build para Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W (32-bit: make build-linux-arm; 64-bit: make build-linux-arm64)
+# Compilar para Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W (32-bit: make build-linux-arm; 64-bit: make build-linux-arm64)
 make build-pi-zero
 
-# Build e Instalar
+# Compilar e instalar
 make install
 ```
 
-**Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W:** Use o binário correspondente ao seu SO: Raspberry Pi OS 32-bit → `make build-linux-arm`; 64-bit → `make build-linux-arm64`. Ou execute `make build-pi-zero` para compilar ambos.
+**Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W:** Use o binário que corresponde ao seu SO: Raspberry Pi OS 32-bit -> `make build-linux-arm`; 64-bit -> `make build-linux-arm64`. Ou execute `make build-pi-zero` para compilar ambos.
 
-## 📚 Documentação
+## 🚀 Guia de Início Rápido
 
-Para guias detalhados, consulte a documentação abaixo. Este README cobre apenas o início rápido.
+### 🌐 WebUI Launcher (Recomendado para Desktop)
 
-| Tópico | Descrição |
-|--------|-----------|
-| 🐳 [Docker & Início Rápido](docs/pt-br/docker.md) | Configuração Docker Compose, modos Launcher/Agent, configuração de Início Rápido |
-| 💬 [Apps de Chat](docs/pt-br/chat-apps.md) | Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix, QQ, Slack, IRC, DingTalk, LINE, Feishu, WeCom e mais |
-| ⚙️ [Configuração](docs/pt-br/configuration.md) | Variáveis de ambiente, estrutura do workspace, fontes de skills, sandbox de segurança, heartbeat |
-| 🔌 [Provedores & Modelos](docs/pt-br/providers.md) | 20+ provedores LLM, roteamento de modelos, configuração model_list, arquitetura de provedores |
-| 🔄 [Spawn & Tarefas Assíncronas](docs/pt-br/spawn-tasks.md) | Tarefas rápidas, tarefas longas com spawn, orquestração assíncrona de sub-agentes |
-| 🐛 [Solução de Problemas](docs/pt-br/troubleshooting.md) | Problemas comuns e soluções |
-| 🔧 [Configuração de Ferramentas](docs/pt-br/tools_configuration.md) | Habilitar/desabilitar por ferramenta, políticas de execução |
-| 📋 [Compatibilidade de Hardware](docs/hardware-compatibility.md) | Placas testadas, requisitos mínimos, como adicionar sua placa |
+O WebUI Launcher fornece uma interface baseada em navegador para configuração e chat. Esta é a maneira mais fácil de começar — sem necessidade de conhecimento de linha de comando.
 
-## <img src="assets/clawdchat-icon.png" width="24" height="24" alt="ClawdChat"> Junte-se à Rede Social de Agentes
+**Opção 1: Duplo clique (Desktop)**
 
-Conecte o PicoClaw à Rede Social de Agentes simplesmente enviando uma única mensagem via CLI ou qualquer App de Chat integrado.
+Após baixar de [picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io), dê duplo clique em `picoclaw-launcher` (ou `picoclaw-launcher.exe` no Windows). Seu navegador abrirá automaticamente em `http://localhost:18800`.
+
+**Opção 2: Linha de comando**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher
+# Abra http://localhost:18800 no seu navegador
+```
+
+> [!TIP]
+> **Acesso remoto / Docker / VM:** Adicione a flag `-public` para escutar em todas as interfaces:
+> ```bash
+> picoclaw-launcher -public
+> ```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-webui.jpg" alt="WebUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**Primeiros passos:**
+
+Abra o WebUI e então: **1)** Configure um Provider (adicione sua API key de LLM) -> **2)** Configure um Channel (ex.: Telegram) -> **3)** Inicie o Gateway -> **4)** Converse!
+
+Para documentação detalhada do WebUI, veja [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io).
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Docker (alternativa)</b></summary>
+
+```bash
+# 1. Clone este repositório
+git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
+cd picoclaw
+
+# 2. Primeira execução — gera automaticamente docker/data/config.json e encerra
+#    (só é acionado quando config.json e workspace/ estão ausentes)
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up
+# O container imprime "First-run setup complete." e para.
+
+# 3. Configure suas API keys
+vim docker/data/config.json
+
+# 4. Iniciar
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+# Abra http://localhost:18800
+```
+
+> **Usuários de Docker / VM:** O Gateway escuta em `127.0.0.1` por padrão. Defina `PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOST=0.0.0.0` ou use a flag `-public` para torná-lo acessível pelo host.
+
+```bash
+# Verificar logs
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml logs -f
+
+# Parar
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher down
+
+# Atualizar
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml pull
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### 💻 TUI Launcher (Recomendado para Headless / SSH)
+
+O TUI (Terminal UI) Launcher fornece uma interface de terminal completa para configuração e gerenciamento. Ideal para servidores, Raspberry Pi e outros ambientes headless.
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher-tui
+```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-tui.jpg" alt="TUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**Primeiros passos:**
+
+Use os menus do TUI para: **1)** Configurar um Provider -> **2)** Configurar um Channel -> **3)** Iniciar o Gateway -> **4)** Conversar!
+
+Para documentação detalhada do TUI, veja [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io).
+
+### 📱 Android
+
+Dê uma segunda vida ao seu celular de uma década! Transforme-o em um Assistente de IA inteligente com o PicoClaw.
+
+**Opção 1: Termux (disponível agora)**
+
+1. Instale o [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app) (baixe nas [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases), ou pesquise no F-Droid / Google Play)
+2. Execute os seguintes comandos:
+
+```bash
+# Baixar a versão mais recente
+wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+pkg install proot
+termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot fornece um layout padrão de sistema de arquivos Linux
+```
+
+Em seguida, siga a seção Terminal Launcher abaixo para concluir a configuração.
+
+<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw on Termux" width="512">
+
+**Opção 2: Instalação via APK (em breve)**
+
+Um APK Android independente com WebUI integrado está em desenvolvimento. Fique ligado!
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Terminal Launcher (para ambientes com recursos limitados)</b></summary>
+
+Para ambientes mínimos onde apenas o binário principal `picoclaw` está disponível (sem Launcher UI), você pode configurar tudo via linha de comando e um arquivo de configuração JSON.
+
+**1. Inicializar**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw onboard
+```
+
+Isso cria `~/.picoclaw/config.json` e o diretório workspace.
+
+**2. Configurar** (`~/.picoclaw/config.json`)
+
+```json
+{
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4"
+    }
+  },
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_key": "sk-your-api-key"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+> Veja `config/config.example.json` no repositório para um template de configuração completo com todas as opções disponíveis.
+
+**3. Conversar**
+
+```bash
+# Pergunta única
+picoclaw agent -m "What is 2+2?"
+
+# Modo interativo
+picoclaw agent
+
+# Iniciar gateway para integração com app de chat
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## 🔌 Providers (LLM)
+
+O PicoClaw suporta mais de 30 providers de LLM através da configuração `model_list`. Use o formato `protocolo/modelo`:
+
+| Provider | Protocolo | API Key | Notas |
+|----------|-----------|---------|-------|
+| [OpenAI](https://platform.openai.com/api-keys) | `openai/` | Obrigatória | GPT-5.4, GPT-4o, o3, etc. |
+| [Anthropic](https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys) | `anthropic/` | Obrigatória | Claude Opus 4.6, Sonnet 4.6, etc. |
+| [Google Gemini](https://aistudio.google.com/apikey) | `gemini/` | Obrigatória | Gemini 3 Flash, 2.5 Pro, etc. |
+| [OpenRouter](https://openrouter.ai/keys) | `openrouter/` | Obrigatória | 200+ modelos, API unificada |
+| [Zhipu (GLM)](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) | `zhipu/` | Obrigatória | GLM-4.7, GLM-5, etc. |
+| [DeepSeek](https://platform.deepseek.com/api_keys) | `deepseek/` | Obrigatória | DeepSeek-V3, DeepSeek-R1 |
+| [Volcengine](https://console.volcengine.com) | `volcengine/` | Obrigatória | Modelos Doubao, Ark |
+| [Qwen](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com/apiKey) | `qwen/` | Obrigatória | Qwen3, Qwen-Max, etc. |
+| [Groq](https://console.groq.com/keys) | `groq/` | Obrigatória | Inferência rápida (Llama, Mixtral) |
+| [Moonshot (Kimi)](https://platform.moonshot.cn/console/api-keys) | `moonshot/` | Obrigatória | Modelos Kimi |
+| [Minimax](https://platform.minimaxi.com/user-center/basic-information/interface-key) | `minimax/` | Obrigatória | Modelos MiniMax |
+| [Mistral](https://console.mistral.ai/api-keys) | `mistral/` | Obrigatória | Mistral Large, Codestral |
+| [NVIDIA NIM](https://build.nvidia.com/) | `nvidia/` | Obrigatória | Modelos hospedados pela NVIDIA |
+| [Cerebras](https://cloud.cerebras.ai/) | `cerebras/` | Obrigatória | Inferência rápida |
+| [Novita AI](https://novita.ai/) | `novita/` | Obrigatória | Vários modelos abertos |
+| [Ollama](https://ollama.com/) | `ollama/` | Não necessária | Modelos locais, self-hosted |
+| [vLLM](https://docs.vllm.ai/) | `vllm/` | Não necessária | Implantação local, compatível com OpenAI |
+| [LiteLLM](https://docs.litellm.ai/) | `litellm/` | Varia | Proxy para 100+ providers |
+| [Azure OpenAI](https://portal.azure.com/) | `azure/` | Obrigatória | Implantação Azure Enterprise |
+| [GitHub Copilot](https://github.com/features/copilot) | `github-copilot/` | OAuth | Login por código de dispositivo |
+| [Antigravity](https://console.cloud.google.com/) | `antigravity/` | OAuth | Google Cloud AI |
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Implantação local (Ollama, vLLM, etc.)</b></summary>
+
+**Ollama:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-llama",
+      "model": "ollama/llama3.1:8b",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:11434/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+**vLLM:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-vllm",
+      "model": "vllm/your-model",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:8000/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+Para detalhes completos de configuração de providers, veja [Providers & Models](docs/pt-br/providers.md).
+
+</details>
+
+## 💬 Channels (Apps de Chat)
+
+Converse com seu PicoClaw por meio de mais de 17 plataformas de mensagens:
+
+| Channel | Configuração | Protocolo | Docs |
+|---------|--------------|-----------|------|
+| **Telegram** | Fácil (bot token) | Long polling | [Guia](docs/channels/telegram/README.pt-br.md) |
+| **Discord** | Fácil (bot token + intents) | WebSocket | [Guia](docs/channels/discord/README.pt-br.md) |
+| **WhatsApp** | Fácil (QR scan ou bridge URL) | Nativo / Bridge | [Guia](docs/pt-br/chat-apps.md#whatsapp) |
+| **Weixin** | Fácil (scan QR nativo) | iLink API | [Guia](docs/pt-br/chat-apps.md#weixin) |
+| **QQ** | Fácil (AppID + AppSecret) | WebSocket | [Guia](docs/channels/qq/README.pt-br.md) |
+| **Slack** | Fácil (bot + app token) | Socket Mode | [Guia](docs/channels/slack/README.pt-br.md) |
+| **Matrix** | Médio (homeserver + token) | Sync API | [Guia](docs/channels/matrix/README.pt-br.md) |
+| **DingTalk** | Médio (credenciais do cliente) | Stream | [Guia](docs/channels/dingtalk/README.pt-br.md) |
+| **Feishu / Lark** | Médio (App ID + Secret) | WebSocket/SDK | [Guia](docs/channels/feishu/README.pt-br.md) |
+| **LINE** | Médio (credenciais + webhook) | Webhook | [Guia](docs/channels/line/README.pt-br.md) |
+| **WeCom Bot** | Médio (webhook URL) | Webhook | [Guia](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.pt-br.md) |
+| **WeCom App** | Médio (credenciais corporativas) | Webhook | [Guia](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.pt-br.md) |
+| **WeCom AI Bot** | Médio (token + chave AES) | WebSocket / Webhook | [Guia](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.pt-br.md) |
+| **IRC** | Médio (servidor + nick) | Protocolo IRC | [Guia](docs/pt-br/chat-apps.md#irc) |
+| **OneBot** | Médio (WebSocket URL) | OneBot v11 | [Guia](docs/channels/onebot/README.pt-br.md) |
+| **MaixCam** | Fácil (habilitar) | TCP socket | [Guia](docs/channels/maixcam/README.pt-br.md) |
+| **Pico** | Fácil (habilitar) | Protocolo nativo | Integrado |
+| **Pico Client** | Fácil (WebSocket URL) | WebSocket | Integrado |
+
+> Todos os channels baseados em webhook compartilham um único servidor HTTP do Gateway (`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`, padrão `127.0.0.1:18790`). O Feishu usa modo WebSocket/SDK e não utiliza o servidor HTTP compartilhado.
+
+Para instruções detalhadas de configuração de channels, veja [Configuração de Apps de Chat](docs/pt-br/chat-apps.md).
+
+## 🔧 Ferramentas
+
+### 🔍 Busca na Web
+
+O PicoClaw pode pesquisar na web para fornecer informações atualizadas. Configure em `tools.web`:
+
+| Motor de Busca | API Key | Nível Gratuito | Link |
+|----------------|---------|----------------|------|
+| DuckDuckGo | Não necessária | Ilimitado | Fallback integrado |
+| [Baidu Search](https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan-api/s/Wmbq4z7e5) | Obrigatória | 1000 consultas/dia | IA, otimizado para chinês |
+| [Tavily](https://tavily.com) | Obrigatória | 1000 consultas/mês | Otimizado para AI Agents |
+| [Brave Search](https://brave.com/search/api) | Obrigatória | 2000 consultas/mês | Rápido e privado |
+| [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai) | Obrigatória | Pago | Busca com IA |
+| [SearXNG](https://github.com/searxng/searxng) | Não necessária | Self-hosted | Metabuscador gratuito |
+| [GLM Search](https://open.bigmodel.cn/) | Obrigatória | Varia | Busca web Zhipu |
+
+### ⚙️ Outras Ferramentas
+
+O PicoClaw inclui ferramentas integradas para operações de arquivo, execução de código, agendamento e mais. Veja [Configuração de Ferramentas](docs/pt-br/tools_configuration.md) para detalhes.
+
+## 🎯 Skills
+
+Skills são capacidades modulares que estendem seu Agent. Elas são carregadas a partir de arquivos `SKILL.md` no seu workspace.
+
+**Instalar skills do ClawHub:**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw skills search "web scraping"
+picoclaw skills install <skill-name>
+```
+
+**Configurar token do ClawHub** (opcional, para limites de taxa mais altos):
+
+Adicione ao seu `config.json`:
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "skills": {
+      "registries": {
+        "clawhub": {
+          "auth_token": "your-clawhub-token"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Para mais detalhes, veja [Configuração de Ferramentas - Skills](docs/pt-br/tools_configuration.md#skills-tool).
+
+## 🔗 MCP (Model Context Protocol)
+
+O PicoClaw suporta nativamente o [MCP](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) — conecte qualquer servidor MCP para estender as capacidades do seu Agent com ferramentas externas e fontes de dados.
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "mcp": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "servers": {
+        "filesystem": {
+          "enabled": true,
+          "command": "npx",
+          "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/tmp"]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Para configuração completa de MCP (transportes stdio, SSE, HTTP, Tool Discovery), veja [Configuração de Ferramentas - MCP](docs/pt-br/tools_configuration.md#mcp-tool).
+
+## <img src="assets/clawdchat-icon.png" width="24" height="24" alt="ClawdChat"> Junte-se à Rede Social de Agents
+
+Conecte o PicoClaw à Rede Social de Agents simplesmente enviando uma única mensagem via CLI ou qualquer App de Chat integrado.
 
 **Leia `https://clawdchat.ai/skill.md` e siga as instruções para entrar no [ClawdChat.ai](https://clawdchat.ai)**
 
 ## 🖥️ Referência CLI
 
-| Comando                   | Descrição                            |
-| ------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
-| `picoclaw onboard`        | Inicializar configuração & workspace |
-| `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | Conversar com o agente        |
-| `picoclaw agent`          | Modo de chat interativo       |
-| `picoclaw gateway`        | Iniciar o gateway             |
-| `picoclaw status`         | Mostrar status                |
-| `picoclaw version`        | Mostrar informações de versão |
-| `picoclaw cron list`      | Listar todas as tarefas agendadas |
-| `picoclaw cron add ...`   | Adicionar uma tarefa agendada |
-| `picoclaw cron disable`   | Desabilitar uma tarefa agendada |
-| `picoclaw cron remove`    | Remover uma tarefa agendada   |
-| `picoclaw skills list`    | Listar skills instaladas      |
-| `picoclaw skills install` | Instalar uma skill            |
-| `picoclaw migrate`        | Migrar dados de versões anteriores |
-| `picoclaw auth login`     | Autenticar com provedores     |
-| `picoclaw model`          | Ver ou trocar o modelo padrão |
+| Comando                   | Descrição                              |
+| ------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
+| `picoclaw onboard`        | Inicializar config e workspace         |
+| `picoclaw auth weixin` | Conectar conta WeChat via QR |
+| `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | Conversar com o agent                  |
+| `picoclaw agent`          | Modo de chat interativo                |
+| `picoclaw gateway`        | Iniciar o gateway                      |
+| `picoclaw status`         | Exibir status                          |
+| `picoclaw version`        | Exibir informações de versão           |
+| `picoclaw model`          | Ver ou trocar o modelo padrão          |
+| `picoclaw cron list`      | Listar todos os jobs agendados         |
+| `picoclaw cron add ...`   | Adicionar um job agendado              |
+| `picoclaw cron disable`   | Desabilitar um job agendado            |
+| `picoclaw cron remove`    | Remover um job agendado                |
+| `picoclaw skills list`    | Listar skills instaladas               |
+| `picoclaw skills install` | Instalar uma skill                     |
+| `picoclaw migrate`        | Migrar dados de versões anteriores     |
+| `picoclaw auth login`     | Autenticar com providers               |
 
-### Tarefas Agendadas / Lembretes
+### ⏰ Tarefas Agendadas / Lembretes
 
-O PicoClaw suporta lembretes agendados e tarefas recorrentes por meio da ferramenta `cron`:
+O PicoClaw suporta lembretes agendados e tarefas recorrentes através da ferramenta `cron`:
 
-* **Lembretes únicos**: "Me lembre em 10 minutos" → dispara uma vez após 10min
-* **Tarefas recorrentes**: "Me lembre a cada 2 horas" → dispara a cada 2 horas
-* **Expressões Cron**: "Me lembre às 9h todos os dias" → usa expressão cron
+* **Lembretes únicos**: "Lembre-me em 10 minutos" -> dispara uma vez após 10min
+* **Tarefas recorrentes**: "Lembre-me a cada 2 horas" -> dispara a cada 2 horas
+* **Expressões cron**: "Lembre-me às 9h diariamente" -> usa expressão cron
+
+## 📚 Documentação
+
+Para guias detalhados além deste README:
+
+| Tópico | Descrição |
+|--------|-----------|
+| [Docker & Início Rápido](docs/pt-br/docker.md) | Configuração do Docker Compose, modos Launcher/Agent |
+| [Apps de Chat](docs/pt-br/chat-apps.md) | Guias de configuração para todos os 17+ channels |
+| [Configuração](docs/pt-br/configuration.md) | Variáveis de ambiente, layout do workspace, sandbox de segurança |
+| [Providers & Models](docs/pt-br/providers.md) | 30+ providers de LLM, roteamento de modelos, configuração de model_list |
+| [Spawn & Tarefas Assíncronas](docs/pt-br/spawn-tasks.md) | Tarefas rápidas, tarefas longas com spawn, orquestração assíncrona de sub-agents |
+| [Hooks](docs/hooks/README.md) | Sistema de hooks orientado a eventos: observadores, interceptores, hooks de aprovação |
+| [Steering](docs/steering.md) | Injetar mensagens em um loop de agente em execução |
+| [SubTurn](docs/subturn.md) | Coordenação de subagentes, controle de concorrência, ciclo de vida |
+| [Solução de Problemas](docs/pt-br/troubleshooting.md) | Problemas comuns e soluções |
+| [Configuração de Ferramentas](docs/pt-br/tools_configuration.md) | Habilitar/desabilitar por ferramenta, políticas de exec, MCP, Skills |
+| [Compatibilidade de Hardware](docs/pt-br/hardware-compatibility.md) | Placas testadas, requisitos mínimos |
 
 ## 🤝 Contribuir & Roadmap
 
-PRs são bem-vindos! O código-fonte é intencionalmente pequeno e legível. 🤗
+PRs são bem-vindos! O código-fonte é intencionalmente pequeno e legível.
 
-Veja nosso [Roadmap da Comunidade](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/blob/main/ROADMAP.md) completo.
+Veja nosso [Roadmap da Comunidade](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/issues/988) e [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) para diretrizes.
 
-Grupo de desenvolvedores em formação. Junte-se após seu primeiro PR com merge!
+Grupo de desenvolvedores em formação, entre após seu primeiro PR mesclado!
 
-Grupos de usuários:
+Grupos de Usuários:
 
-discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
+Discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
 
-<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
+WeChat:
+<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="WeChat group QR code" width="512">
diff --git a/README.vi.md b/README.vi.md
index 08e69a9ab..6c82e9a55 100644
--- a/README.vi.md
+++ b/README.vi.md
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 <div align="center">
-  <img src="assets/logo.webp" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
+<img src="assets/logo.webp" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
 
-  <h1>PicoClaw: Trợ lý AI Siêu Nhẹ viết bằng Go</h1>
+<h1>PicoClaw: Trợ lý AI Siêu Nhẹ viết bằng Go</h1>
 
-  <h3>Phần cứng $10 · <10MB RAM · Khởi động <1 giây · Nào, xuất phát!</h3>
+<h3>Phần cứng $10 · RAM 10MB · Khởi động ms · Let's Go, PicoClaw!</h3>
   <p>
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.25+-00ADD8?style=flat&logo=go&logoColor=white" alt="Go">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Arch-x86__64%2C%20ARM64%2C%20MIPS%2C%20RISC--V%2C%20LoongArch-blue" alt="Hardware">
@@ -24,153 +24,141 @@
 
 ---
 
-> **PicoClaw** là dự án mã nguồn mở độc lập được khởi xướng bởi [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com). Được viết hoàn toàn bằng **Go** — không phải là bản fork của OpenClaw, NanoBot hay bất kỳ dự án nào khác.
+> **PicoClaw** là một dự án mã nguồn mở độc lập do [Sipeed](https://sipeed.com) khởi xướng, được viết hoàn toàn bằng **Go** từ đầu — không phải fork của OpenClaw, NanoBot hay bất kỳ dự án nào khác.
 
-🦐 PicoClaw là trợ lý AI cá nhân siêu nhẹ, lấy cảm hứng từ [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot), được viết lại hoàn toàn bằng Go thông qua quá trình "tự khởi tạo" (self-bootstrapping) — nơi chính AI Agent đã tự dẫn dắt toàn bộ quá trình chuyển đổi kiến trúc và tối ưu hóa mã nguồn.
+**PicoClaw** là trợ lý AI cá nhân siêu nhẹ lấy cảm hứng từ [NanoBot](https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot). Nó được xây dựng lại từ đầu bằng **Go** thông qua quá trình "tự khởi động" — chính AI Agent đã dẫn dắt quá trình di chuyển kiến trúc và tối ưu hóa mã nguồn.
 
-⚡️ Chạy trên phần cứng chỉ $10 với RAM <10MB: Tiết kiệm 99% bộ nhớ so với OpenClaw và rẻ hơn 98% so với Mac mini!
+**Chạy trên phần cứng $10 với <10MB RAM** — ít hơn 99% bộ nhớ so với OpenClaw và rẻ hơn 98% so với Mac mini!
 
 <table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/picoclaw_mem.gif" width="360" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-    <td align="center" valign="top">
-      <p align="center">
-        <img src="assets/licheervnano.png" width="400" height="240">
-      </p>
-    </td>
-  </tr>
+<tr align="center">
+<td align="center" valign="top">
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/picoclaw_mem.gif" width="360" height="240">
+</p>
+</td>
+<td align="center" valign="top">
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/licheervnano.png" width="400" height="240">
+</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
 </table>
 
 > [!CAUTION]
-> **🚨 TUYÊN BỐ BẢO MẬT & KÊNH CHÍNH THỨC**
+> **Thông báo Bảo mật**
 >
-> * **KHÔNG CÓ CRYPTO:** PicoClaw **KHÔNG** có bất kỳ token/coin chính thức nào. Mọi thông tin trên `pump.fun` hoặc các sàn giao dịch khác đều là **LỪA ĐẢO**.
->
-> * **DOMAIN CHÍNH THỨC:** Website chính thức **DUY NHẤT** là **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)**, website công ty là **[sipeed.com](https://sipeed.com)**
-> * **Cảnh báo:** Nhiều tên miền `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` đã bị bên thứ ba đăng ký.
-> * **Cảnh báo:** PicoClaw đang trong giai đoạn phát triển sớm và có thể còn các vấn đề bảo mật mạng chưa được giải quyết. Không nên triển khai lên môi trường production trước phiên bản v1.0.
-> * **Lưu ý:** PicoClaw gần đây đã merge nhiều PR, dẫn đến bộ nhớ sử dụng có thể lớn hơn (10–20MB) ở các phiên bản mới nhất. Chúng tôi sẽ ưu tiên tối ưu tài nguyên khi bộ tính năng đã ổn định.
+> * **KHÔNG CÓ CRYPTO:** PicoClaw **chưa** phát hành bất kỳ token hay tiền điện tử chính thức nào. Mọi thông tin trên `pump.fun` hoặc các nền tảng giao dịch khác đều là **lừa đảo**.
+> * **DOMAIN CHÍNH THỨC:** Website chính thức **DUY NHẤT** là **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)**, và website công ty là **[sipeed.com](https://sipeed.com)**
+> * **CẢNH BÁO:** Nhiều domain `.ai/.org/.com/.net/...` đã bị bên thứ ba đăng ký. Đừng tin tưởng chúng.
+> * **LƯU Ý:** PicoClaw đang trong giai đoạn phát triển nhanh. Có thể còn các vấn đề bảo mật chưa được giải quyết. Không triển khai lên môi trường production trước v1.0.
+> * **LƯU Ý:** PicoClaw gần đây đã merge nhiều PR. Các bản build gần đây có thể dùng 10-20MB RAM. Tối ưu hóa tài nguyên được lên kế hoạch sau khi tính năng ổn định.
 
 ## 📢 Tin tức
 
-2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 Phát hành!** Giao diện khay hệ thống (Windows & Linux), theo dõi trạng thái sub-agent (`spawn_status`), hot-reload gateway thử nghiệm, cổng bảo mật cron và 2 bản vá bảo mật. PicoClaw đạt **25K ⭐**!
+2026-03-17 🚀 **v0.2.3 đã phát hành!** Giao diện system tray (Windows & Linux), truy vấn trạng thái sub-agent (`spawn_status`), thử nghiệm Gateway hot-reload, bảo mật Cron, và 2 bản vá bảo mật. PicoClaw đã đạt **25K Stars**!
 
-2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — Bản cập nhật lớn nhất!** Hỗ trợ giao thức MCP, 4 kênh mới (Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy), 3 nhà cung cấp mới (Kimi/Minimax/Avian), pipeline xử lý hình ảnh, bộ nhớ JSONL và định tuyến mô hình.
+2026-03-09 🎉 **v0.2.1 — Bản cập nhật lớn nhất từ trước đến nay!** Hỗ trợ giao thức MCP, 4 Channel mới (Matrix/IRC/WeCom/Discord Proxy), 3 Provider mới (Kimi/Minimax/Avian), pipeline thị giác, bộ nhớ JSONL, định tuyến mô hình.
 
-2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** phát hành với hỗ trợ Docker Compose và launcher Web UI.
+2026-02-28 📦 **v0.2.0** phát hành với hỗ trợ Docker Compose và Web UI Launcher.
 
-2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw đạt **20K stars** chỉ trong 17 ngày! Tự động điều phối kênh và giao diện năng lực đã được triển khai.
+2026-02-26 🎉 PicoClaw đạt **20K Stars** chỉ trong 17 ngày! Tự động điều phối Channel và giao diện khả năng đã hoạt động.
 
 <details>
-<summary>Tin tức cũ hơn...</summary>
+<summary>Tin tức trước đó...</summary>
 
-2026-02-16 🎉 PicoClaw đạt 12K stars chỉ trong một tuần! Vai trò maintainer cộng đồng và [roadmap](ROADMAP.md) đã được công bố chính thức.
+2026-02-16 🎉 PicoClaw vượt 12K Stars trong một tuần! Vai trò người duy trì cộng đồng và [Lộ trình](ROADMAP.md) chính thức ra mắt.
 
-2026-02-13 🎉 PicoClaw đạt 5000 stars trong 4 ngày! Lộ trình dự án và Nhóm phát triển đang được thiết lập.
+2026-02-13 🎉 PicoClaw vượt 5000 Stars trong 4 ngày! Lộ trình dự án và nhóm nhà phát triển đang được xây dựng.
 
-2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw chính thức ra mắt!** Được xây dựng trong 1 ngày để mang AI Agent đến phần cứng $10 với RAM <10MB. 🦐 PicoClaw, Lên Đường!
+2026-02-09 🎉 **PicoClaw ra mắt!** Được xây dựng trong 1 ngày để đưa AI Agent lên phần cứng $10 với <10MB RAM. Let's Go, PicoClaw!
 
 </details>
 
-## ✨ Tính năng nổi bật
+## ✨ Tính năng
 
-🪶 **Siêu nhẹ**: Bộ nhớ sử dụng <10MB — nhỏ hơn 99% so với OpenClaw (chức năng cốt lõi).*
+🪶 **Siêu nhẹ**: Bộ nhớ lõi <10MB — nhỏ hơn 99% so với OpenClaw.*
 
 💰 **Chi phí tối thiểu**: Đủ hiệu quả để chạy trên phần cứng $10 — rẻ hơn 98% so với Mac mini.
 
-⚡️ **Khởi động siêu nhanh**: Nhanh gấp 400 lần, khởi động trong <1 giây ngay cả trên CPU đơn nhân 0.6GHz.
+⚡️ **Khởi động cực nhanh**: Khởi động nhanh hơn 400 lần. Khởi động trong <1 giây ngay cả trên bộ xử lý đơn nhân 0.6GHz.
 
-🌍 **Di động thực sự**: Một file binary duy nhất chạy trên RISC-V, ARM, MIPS và x86. Một click là chạy!
+🌍 **Thực sự di động**: Một binary duy nhất cho các kiến trúc RISC-V, ARM, MIPS và x86. Một binary, chạy mọi nơi!
 
-🤖 **AI tự xây dựng**: Triển khai Go-native tự động — 95% mã nguồn cốt lõi được Agent tạo ra, với sự tinh chỉnh của con người.
+🤖 **Được AI khởi động**: Triển khai Go thuần túy — 95% mã lõi được tạo bởi Agent và tinh chỉnh qua quy trình human-in-the-loop.
 
-🔌 **Hỗ trợ MCP**: Tích hợp [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) gốc — kết nối bất kỳ máy chủ MCP nào để mở rộng khả năng của agent.
+🔌 **Hỗ trợ MCP**: Tích hợp [Model Context Protocol](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) gốc — kết nối bất kỳ MCP server nào để mở rộng khả năng Agent.
 
-👁️ **Pipeline Xử lý Hình ảnh**: Gửi hình ảnh và tệp trực tiếp cho agent — tự động mã hóa base64 cho các LLM đa phương thức.
+👁️ **Pipeline thị giác**: Gửi hình ảnh và tệp trực tiếp đến Agent — tự động mã hóa base64 cho LLM đa phương thức.
 
-🧠 **Định tuyến Thông minh**: Định tuyến mô hình dựa trên quy tắc — truy vấn đơn giản chuyển đến mô hình nhẹ, tiết kiệm chi phí API.
+🧠 **Định tuyến thông minh**: Định tuyến mô hình dựa trên quy tắc — các truy vấn đơn giản đến mô hình nhẹ, tiết kiệm chi phí API.
 
-_*Các phiên bản gần đây có thể sử dụng 10–20MB do merge tính năng nhanh chóng. Tối ưu tài nguyên đang được lên kế hoạch. So sánh thời gian khởi động dựa trên benchmark đơn nhân 0.8GHz (xem bảng bên dưới)._
+_*Các bản build gần đây có thể dùng 10-20MB do merge PR nhanh. Tối ưu hóa tài nguyên đang được lên kế hoạch. So sánh tốc độ khởi động dựa trên benchmark lõi đơn 0.8GHz (xem bảng bên dưới)._
 
-|                                          | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                | **PicoClaw**                             |
-| ---------------------------------------- | ------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
-| **Ngôn ngữ**                             | TypeScript    | Python                 | **Go**                                   |
-| **RAM**                                  | >1GB          | >100MB                 | **< 10MB***                              |
-| **Thời gian khởi động**</br>(CPU 0.8GHz) | >500s         | >30s                   | **<1s**                                  |
-| **Chi phí**                              | Mac Mini $599 | Hầu hết SBC Linux ~$50 | **Mọi bo mạch Linux**</br>**Chỉ từ $10** |
+<div align="center">
+
+|                                | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                  | **PicoClaw**                           |
+| ------------------------------ | ------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
+| **Ngôn ngữ**                   | TypeScript    | Python                   | **Go**                                 |
+| **RAM**                        | >1GB          | >100MB                   | **< 10MB***                            |
+| **Thời gian khởi động**</br>(lõi 0.8GHz) | >500s         | >30s                     | **<1s**                                |
+| **Chi phí**                    | Mac Mini $599 | Hầu hết board Linux ~$50 | **Bất kỳ board Linux**</br>**từ $10**  |
 
 <img src="assets/compare.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
 
-> 📋 **[Danh Sách Tương Thích Phần Cứng](docs/hardware-compatibility.md)** — Xem tất cả các board đã được kiểm tra, từ RISC-V $5 đến Raspberry Pi và điện thoại Android. Board của bạn chưa có? Gửi PR!
+</div>
 
-## 🦾 Demo
+> **[Danh sách Tương thích Phần cứng](docs/vi/hardware-compatibility.md)** — Xem tất cả các board đã được kiểm tra, từ RISC-V $5 đến Raspberry Pi đến điện thoại Android. Board của bạn chưa có trong danh sách? Gửi PR!
 
-### 🛠️ Quy trình trợ lý tiêu chuẩn
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/hardware-banner.jpg" alt="PicoClaw Hardware Compatibility" width="100%">
+</p>
+
+## 🦾 Minh họa
+
+### 🛠️ Quy trình Trợ lý Tiêu chuẩn
 
 <table align="center">
-  <tr align="center">
-    <th><p align="center">🧩 Lập trình Full-Stack</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🗂️ Quản lý Nhật ký & Kế hoạch</p></th>
-    <th><p align="center">🔎 Tìm kiếm Web & Học hỏi</p></th>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-    <td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td align="center">Phát triển • Triển khai • Mở rộng</td>
-    <td align="center">Lên lịch • Tự động hóa • Ghi nhớ</td>
-    <td align="center">Khám phá • Phân tích • Xu hướng</td>
-  </tr>
+<tr align="center">
+<th><p align="center">Chế độ Kỹ sư Full-Stack</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">Ghi nhật ký & Lập kế hoạch</p></th>
+<th><p align="center">Tìm kiếm Web & Học tập</p></th>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_code.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_memory.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+<td align="center"><p align="center"><img src="assets/picoclaw_search.gif" width="240" height="180"></p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center">Phát triển · Triển khai · Mở rộng</td>
+<td align="center">Lên lịch · Tự động hóa · Ghi nhớ</td>
+<td align="center">Khám phá · Thông tin · Xu hướng</td>
+</tr>
 </table>
 
-### 📱 Chạy trên điện thoại Android cũ
+### 🐜 Triển khai Sáng tạo với Dấu chân Nhỏ
 
-Hãy cho chiếc điện thoại cũ một cuộc sống mới! Biến nó thành trợ lý AI thông minh với PicoClaw. Bắt đầu nhanh:
+PicoClaw có thể được triển khai trên hầu hết mọi thiết bị Linux!
 
-1. **Cài đặt [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app)** (Tải từ [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases), hoặc tìm trên F-Droid / Google Play).
-2. **Chạy các lệnh**
-
-```bash
-# Tải phiên bản mới nhất từ https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases
-wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-pkg install proot
-termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot cung cấp bố cục hệ thống tệp Linux tiêu chuẩn
-```
-
-Sau đó làm theo hướng dẫn trong phần "Bắt đầu nhanh" để hoàn tất cấu hình!
-
-<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
-
-### 🐜 Triển khai sáng tạo trên phần cứng tối thiểu
-
-PicoClaw có thể triển khai trên hầu hết mọi thiết bị Linux!
-
-- $9.9 [LicheeRV-Nano](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006519668532.html) phiên bản E(Ethernet) hoặc W(WiFi6), dùng làm Trợ lý Gia đình tối giản
-- $30~50 [NanoKVM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007369816019.html), hoặc $100 [NanoKVM-Pro](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005010048471263.html) dùng cho quản trị Server tự động
-- $50 [MaixCAM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008053333693.html) hoặc $100 [MaixCAM2](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/zepan/maixcam2-build-your-next-gen-4k-ai-camera) dùng cho Giám sát thông minh
+- $9.9 [LicheeRV-Nano](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005006519668532.html) phiên bản E(Ethernet) hoặc W(WiFi6), cho trợ lý gia đình tối giản
+- $30~50 [NanoKVM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007369816019.html), hoặc $100 [NanoKVM-Pro](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005010048471263.html), cho vận hành máy chủ tự động
+- $50 [MaixCAM](https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008053333693.html) hoặc $100 [MaixCAM2](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/zepan/maixcam2-build-your-next-gen-4k-ai-camera), cho giám sát thông minh
 
 <https://private-user-images.githubusercontent.com/83055338/547056448-e7b031ff-d6f5-4468-bcca-5726b6fecb5c.mp4>
 
-🌟 Nhiều hình thức triển khai hơn đang chờ bạn khám phá!
+🌟 Còn nhiều trường hợp triển khai đang chờ đón!
 
 ## 📦 Cài đặt
 
-### Tải từ picoclaw.io (Khuyến nghị)
+### Tải xuống từ picoclaw.io (Khuyến nghị)
 
-Truy cập **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)** — trang web chính thức tự động phát hiện nền tảng của bạn và cung cấp tải xuống một cú nhấp. Không cần chọn kiến trúc thủ công.
+Truy cập **[picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io)** — website chính thức tự động phát hiện nền tảng của bạn và cung cấp tải xuống một cú nhấp. Không cần chọn kiến trúc thủ công.
 
-### Tải binary đã biên dịch sẵn
+### Tải xuống binary đã biên dịch sẵn
 
-Hoặc tải binary cho nền tảng của bạn từ trang [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases).
+Ngoài ra, tải binary cho nền tảng của bạn từ trang [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases).
 
-### Biên dịch từ mã nguồn (cho phát triển)
+### Xây dựng từ mã nguồn (để phát triển)
 
 ```bash
 git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
@@ -178,80 +166,413 @@ git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
 cd picoclaw
 make deps
 
-# Build (không cần cài đặt)
+# Build core binary
 make build
 
-# Build cho nhiều nền tảng
+# Build Web UI Launcher (required for WebUI mode)
+make build-launcher
+
+# Build for multiple platforms
 make build-all
 
-# Build cho Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W (32-bit: make build-linux-arm; 64-bit: make build-linux-arm64)
+# Build for Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W (32-bit: make build-linux-arm; 64-bit: make build-linux-arm64)
 make build-pi-zero
 
-# Build và cài đặt
+# Build and install
 make install
 ```
 
-**Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W:** Sử dụng binary phù hợp với hệ điều hành: Raspberry Pi OS 32-bit → `make build-linux-arm`; 64-bit → `make build-linux-arm64`. Hoặc chạy `make build-pi-zero` để build cả hai.
+**Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W:** Sử dụng binary phù hợp với hệ điều hành của bạn: Raspberry Pi OS 32-bit -> `make build-linux-arm`; 64-bit -> `make build-linux-arm64`. Hoặc chạy `make build-pi-zero` để xây dựng cả hai.
 
-## 📚 Tài liệu
+## 🚀 Hướng dẫn Khởi động Nhanh
 
-Để xem hướng dẫn chi tiết, tham khảo tài liệu bên dưới. README này chỉ bao gồm phần bắt đầu nhanh.
+### 🌐 WebUI Launcher (Khuyến nghị cho Desktop)
 
-| Chủ đề | Mô tả |
-|--------|-------|
-| 🐳 [Docker & Bắt đầu nhanh](docs/vi/docker.md) | Thiết lập Docker Compose, chế độ Launcher/Agent, cấu hình Bắt đầu nhanh |
-| 💬 [Ứng dụng Chat](docs/vi/chat-apps.md) | Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix, QQ, Slack, IRC, DingTalk, LINE, Feishu, WeCom và nhiều hơn |
-| ⚙️ [Cấu hình](docs/vi/configuration.md) | Biến môi trường, cấu trúc workspace, nguồn skill, sandbox bảo mật, heartbeat |
-| 🔌 [Nhà cung cấp & Mô hình](docs/vi/providers.md) | 20+ nhà cung cấp LLM, định tuyến mô hình, cấu hình model_list, kiến trúc nhà cung cấp |
-| 🔄 [Spawn & Tác vụ bất đồng bộ](docs/vi/spawn-tasks.md) | Tác vụ nhanh, tác vụ dài với spawn, điều phối sub-agent bất đồng bộ |
-| 🐛 [Xử lý sự cố](docs/vi/troubleshooting.md) | Các vấn đề thường gặp và giải pháp |
-| 🔧 [Cấu hình Công cụ](docs/vi/tools_configuration.md) | Bật/tắt từng công cụ, chính sách thực thi |
-| 📋 [Tương Thích Phần Cứng](docs/hardware-compatibility.md) | Các board đã kiểm tra, yêu cầu tối thiểu, cách thêm board |
+WebUI Launcher cung cấp giao diện dựa trên trình duyệt để cấu hình và trò chuyện. Đây là cách dễ nhất để bắt đầu — không cần kiến thức dòng lệnh.
+
+**Tùy chọn 1: Nhấp đúp (Desktop)**
+
+Sau khi tải xuống từ [picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io), nhấp đúp vào `picoclaw-launcher` (hoặc `picoclaw-launcher.exe` trên Windows). Trình duyệt của bạn sẽ tự động mở tại `http://localhost:18800`.
+
+**Tùy chọn 2: Dòng lệnh**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher
+# Mở http://localhost:18800 trong trình duyệt của bạn
+```
+
+> [!TIP]
+> **Truy cập từ xa / Docker / VM:** Thêm cờ `-public` để lắng nghe trên tất cả giao diện:
+> ```bash
+> picoclaw-launcher -public
+> ```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-webui.jpg" alt="WebUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**Bắt đầu:**
+
+Mở WebUI, sau đó: **1)** Cấu hình Provider (thêm API key LLM của bạn) -> **2)** Cấu hình Channel (ví dụ: Telegram) -> **3)** Khởi động Gateway -> **4)** Trò chuyện!
+
+Để biết tài liệu WebUI chi tiết, xem [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io).
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Docker (thay thế)</b></summary>
+
+```bash
+# 1. Clone this repo
+git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
+cd picoclaw
+
+# 2. First run — auto-generates docker/data/config.json then exits
+#    (only triggers when both config.json and workspace/ are missing)
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up
+# The container prints "First-run setup complete." and stops.
+
+# 3. Set your API keys
+vim docker/data/config.json
+
+# 4. Start
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+# Open http://localhost:18800
+```
+
+> **Người dùng Docker / VM:** Gateway lắng nghe trên `127.0.0.1` theo mặc định. Đặt `PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOST=0.0.0.0` hoặc dùng cờ `-public` để có thể truy cập từ host.
+
+```bash
+# Check logs
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml logs -f
+
+# Stop
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher down
+
+# Update
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml pull
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### 💻 TUI Launcher (Khuyến nghị cho Headless / SSH)
+
+TUI (Terminal UI) Launcher cung cấp giao diện terminal đầy đủ tính năng để cấu hình và quản lý. Lý tưởng cho máy chủ, Raspberry Pi và các môi trường headless khác.
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher-tui
+```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-tui.jpg" alt="TUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**Bắt đầu:**
+
+Sử dụng menu TUI để: **1)** Cấu hình Provider -> **2)** Cấu hình Channel -> **3)** Khởi động Gateway -> **4)** Trò chuyện!
+
+Để biết tài liệu TUI chi tiết, xem [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io).
+
+### 📱 Android
+
+Hãy cho chiếc điện thoại cũ của bạn một cuộc sống mới! Biến nó thành Trợ lý AI thông minh với PicoClaw.
+
+**Tùy chọn 1: Termux (có sẵn ngay)**
+
+1. Cài đặt [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app) (tải từ [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases), hoặc tìm kiếm trong F-Droid / Google Play)
+2. Chạy các lệnh sau:
+
+```bash
+# Download the latest release
+wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+pkg install proot
+termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot provides a standard Linux filesystem layout
+```
+
+Sau đó làm theo phần Terminal Launcher bên dưới để hoàn tất cấu hình.
+
+<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw on Termux" width="512">
+
+**Tùy chọn 2: Cài đặt APK (sắp ra mắt)**
+
+Một APK Android độc lập với WebUI tích hợp đang được phát triển. Hãy đón chờ!
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Terminal Launcher (cho môi trường hạn chế tài nguyên)</b></summary>
+
+Đối với các môi trường tối giản chỉ có binary lõi `picoclaw` (không có Launcher UI), bạn có thể cấu hình mọi thứ qua dòng lệnh và tệp cấu hình JSON.
+
+**1. Khởi tạo**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw onboard
+```
+
+Lệnh này tạo `~/.picoclaw/config.json` và thư mục workspace.
+
+**2. Cấu hình** (`~/.picoclaw/config.json`)
+
+```json
+{
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4"
+    }
+  },
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_key": "sk-your-api-key"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+> Xem `config/config.example.json` trong repo để có mẫu cấu hình đầy đủ với tất cả các tùy chọn có sẵn.
+
+**3. Trò chuyện**
+
+```bash
+# One-shot question
+picoclaw agent -m "What is 2+2?"
+
+# Interactive mode
+picoclaw agent
+
+# Start gateway for chat app integration
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## 🔌 Providers (LLM)
+
+PicoClaw hỗ trợ 30+ Provider LLM thông qua cấu hình `model_list`. Sử dụng định dạng `protocol/model`:
+
+| Provider | Protocol | API Key | Ghi chú |
+|----------|----------|---------|---------|
+| [OpenAI](https://platform.openai.com/api-keys) | `openai/` | Bắt buộc | GPT-5.4, GPT-4o, o3, v.v. |
+| [Anthropic](https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys) | `anthropic/` | Bắt buộc | Claude Opus 4.6, Sonnet 4.6, v.v. |
+| [Google Gemini](https://aistudio.google.com/apikey) | `gemini/` | Bắt buộc | Gemini 3 Flash, 2.5 Pro, v.v. |
+| [OpenRouter](https://openrouter.ai/keys) | `openrouter/` | Bắt buộc | 200+ mô hình, API thống nhất |
+| [Zhipu (GLM)](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) | `zhipu/` | Bắt buộc | GLM-4.7, GLM-5, v.v. |
+| [DeepSeek](https://platform.deepseek.com/api_keys) | `deepseek/` | Bắt buộc | DeepSeek-V3, DeepSeek-R1 |
+| [Volcengine](https://console.volcengine.com) | `volcengine/` | Bắt buộc | Doubao, Ark models |
+| [Qwen](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com/apiKey) | `qwen/` | Bắt buộc | Qwen3, Qwen-Max, v.v. |
+| [Groq](https://console.groq.com/keys) | `groq/` | Bắt buộc | Suy luận nhanh (Llama, Mixtral) |
+| [Moonshot (Kimi)](https://platform.moonshot.cn/console/api-keys) | `moonshot/` | Bắt buộc | Kimi models |
+| [Minimax](https://platform.minimaxi.com/user-center/basic-information/interface-key) | `minimax/` | Bắt buộc | MiniMax models |
+| [Mistral](https://console.mistral.ai/api-keys) | `mistral/` | Bắt buộc | Mistral Large, Codestral |
+| [NVIDIA NIM](https://build.nvidia.com/) | `nvidia/` | Bắt buộc | Mô hình do NVIDIA lưu trữ |
+| [Cerebras](https://cloud.cerebras.ai/) | `cerebras/` | Bắt buộc | Suy luận nhanh |
+| [Novita AI](https://novita.ai/) | `novita/` | Bắt buộc | Nhiều mô hình mở |
+| [Ollama](https://ollama.com/) | `ollama/` | Không cần | Mô hình cục bộ, tự lưu trữ |
+| [vLLM](https://docs.vllm.ai/) | `vllm/` | Không cần | Triển khai cục bộ, tương thích OpenAI |
+| [LiteLLM](https://docs.litellm.ai/) | `litellm/` | Tùy | Proxy cho 100+ provider |
+| [Azure OpenAI](https://portal.azure.com/) | `azure/` | Bắt buộc | Triển khai Azure doanh nghiệp |
+| [GitHub Copilot](https://github.com/features/copilot) | `github-copilot/` | OAuth | Đăng nhập bằng device code |
+| [Antigravity](https://console.cloud.google.com/) | `antigravity/` | OAuth | Google Cloud AI |
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Triển khai cục bộ (Ollama, vLLM, v.v.)</b></summary>
+
+**Ollama:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-llama",
+      "model": "ollama/llama3.1:8b",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:11434/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+**vLLM:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-vllm",
+      "model": "vllm/your-model",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:8000/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+Để biết chi tiết cấu hình provider đầy đủ, xem [Providers & Models](docs/vi/providers.md).
+
+</details>
+
+## 💬 Channels (Ứng dụng Chat)
+
+Trò chuyện với PicoClaw của bạn qua 17+ nền tảng nhắn tin:
+
+| Channel | Thiết lập | Protocol | Tài liệu |
+|---------|-----------|----------|----------|
+| **Telegram** | Dễ (bot token) | Long polling | [Hướng dẫn](docs/channels/telegram/README.vi.md) |
+| **Discord** | Dễ (bot token + intents) | WebSocket | [Hướng dẫn](docs/channels/discord/README.vi.md) |
+| **WhatsApp** | Dễ (quét QR hoặc bridge URL) | Native / Bridge | [Hướng dẫn](docs/vi/chat-apps.md#whatsapp) |
+| **Weixin** | Dễ (quét QR gốc) | iLink API | [Hướng dẫn](docs/vi/chat-apps.md#weixin) |
+| **QQ** | Dễ (AppID + AppSecret) | WebSocket | [Hướng dẫn](docs/channels/qq/README.vi.md) |
+| **Slack** | Dễ (bot + app token) | Socket Mode | [Hướng dẫn](docs/channels/slack/README.vi.md) |
+| **Matrix** | Trung bình (homeserver + token) | Sync API | [Hướng dẫn](docs/channels/matrix/README.vi.md) |
+| **DingTalk** | Trung bình (client credentials) | Stream | [Hướng dẫn](docs/channels/dingtalk/README.vi.md) |
+| **Feishu / Lark** | Trung bình (App ID + Secret) | WebSocket/SDK | [Hướng dẫn](docs/channels/feishu/README.vi.md) |
+| **LINE** | Trung bình (credentials + webhook) | Webhook | [Hướng dẫn](docs/channels/line/README.vi.md) |
+| **WeCom Bot** | Trung bình (webhook URL) | Webhook | [Hướng dẫn](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.vi.md) |
+| **WeCom App** | Trung bình (corp credentials) | Webhook | [Hướng dẫn](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.vi.md) |
+| **WeCom AI Bot** | Trung bình (token + AES key) | WebSocket / Webhook | [Hướng dẫn](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.vi.md) |
+| **IRC** | Trung bình (server + nick) | IRC protocol | [Hướng dẫn](docs/vi/chat-apps.md#irc) |
+| **OneBot** | Trung bình (WebSocket URL) | OneBot v11 | [Hướng dẫn](docs/channels/onebot/README.vi.md) |
+| **MaixCam** | Dễ (bật) | TCP socket | [Hướng dẫn](docs/channels/maixcam/README.vi.md) |
+| **Pico** | Dễ (bật) | Native protocol | Tích hợp sẵn |
+| **Pico Client** | Dễ (WebSocket URL) | WebSocket | Tích hợp sẵn |
+
+> Tất cả các Channel dựa trên webhook dùng chung một Gateway HTTP server (`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`, mặc định `127.0.0.1:18790`). Feishu sử dụng chế độ WebSocket/SDK và không dùng HTTP server chung.
+
+Để biết hướng dẫn thiết lập Channel chi tiết, xem [Cấu hình Ứng dụng Chat](docs/vi/chat-apps.md).
+
+## 🔧 Tools
+
+### 🔍 Tìm kiếm Web
+
+PicoClaw có thể tìm kiếm web để cung cấp thông tin cập nhật. Cấu hình trong `tools.web`:
+
+| Công cụ Tìm kiếm | API Key | Gói miễn phí | Liên kết |
+|------------------|---------|--------------|----------|
+| DuckDuckGo | Không cần | Không giới hạn | Dự phòng tích hợp sẵn |
+| [Baidu Search](https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan-api/s/Wmbq4z7e5) | Bắt buộc | 1000 truy vấn/ngày | AI, tối ưu cho tiếng Trung |
+| [Tavily](https://tavily.com) | Bắt buộc | 1000 truy vấn/tháng | Tối ưu cho AI Agent |
+| [Brave Search](https://brave.com/search/api) | Bắt buộc | 2000 truy vấn/tháng | Nhanh và riêng tư |
+| [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai) | Bắt buộc | Trả phí | Tìm kiếm hỗ trợ AI |
+| [SearXNG](https://github.com/searxng/searxng) | Không cần | Tự lưu trữ | Metasearch engine miễn phí |
+| [GLM Search](https://open.bigmodel.cn/) | Bắt buộc | Tùy | Tìm kiếm web Zhipu |
+
+### ⚙️ Các Tools Khác
+
+PicoClaw bao gồm các tool tích hợp sẵn cho thao tác tệp, thực thi mã, lên lịch và nhiều hơn nữa. Xem [Cấu hình Tools](docs/vi/tools_configuration.md) để biết chi tiết.
+
+## 🎯 Skills
+
+Skills là các khả năng mô-đun mở rộng Agent của bạn. Chúng được tải từ các tệp `SKILL.md` trong workspace của bạn.
+
+**Cài đặt Skills từ ClawHub:**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw skills search "web scraping"
+picoclaw skills install <skill-name>
+```
+
+**Cấu hình token ClawHub** (tùy chọn, để có giới hạn tốc độ cao hơn):
+
+Thêm vào `config.json` của bạn:
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "skills": {
+      "registries": {
+        "clawhub": {
+          "auth_token": "your-clawhub-token"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Để biết thêm chi tiết, xem [Cấu hình Tools - Skills](docs/vi/tools_configuration.md#skills-tool).
+
+## 🔗 MCP (Model Context Protocol)
+
+PicoClaw hỗ trợ [MCP](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) gốc — kết nối bất kỳ MCP server nào để mở rộng khả năng Agent của bạn với các tool và nguồn dữ liệu bên ngoài.
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "mcp": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "servers": {
+        "filesystem": {
+          "enabled": true,
+          "command": "npx",
+          "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/tmp"]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Để biết cấu hình MCP đầy đủ (stdio, SSE, HTTP transports, Tool Discovery), xem [Cấu hình Tools - MCP](docs/vi/tools_configuration.md#mcp-tool).
 
 ## <img src="assets/clawdchat-icon.png" width="24" height="24" alt="ClawdChat"> Tham gia Mạng xã hội Agent
 
-Kết nối PicoClaw với Mạng xã hội Agent chỉ bằng cách gửi một tin nhắn qua CLI hoặc bất kỳ ứng dụng Chat nào đã tích hợp.
+Kết nối PicoClaw với Mạng xã hội Agent chỉ bằng cách gửi một tin nhắn duy nhất qua CLI hoặc bất kỳ Ứng dụng Chat nào đã tích hợp.
 
 **Đọc `https://clawdchat.ai/skill.md` và làm theo hướng dẫn để tham gia [ClawdChat.ai](https://clawdchat.ai)**
 
 ## 🖥️ Tham chiếu CLI
 
-| Lệnh                      | Mô tả                         |
-| -------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
-| `picoclaw onboard`         | Khởi tạo cấu hình & workspace |
-| `picoclaw agent -m "..."`  | Trò chuyện với agent           |
-| `picoclaw agent`           | Chế độ chat tương tác          |
-| `picoclaw gateway`         | Khởi động gateway              |
-| `picoclaw status`          | Hiển thị trạng thái            |
-| `picoclaw version`         | Hiển thị thông tin phiên bản   |
-| `picoclaw cron list`       | Liệt kê tất cả tác vụ định kỳ |
-| `picoclaw cron add ...`    | Thêm tác vụ định kỳ           |
-| `picoclaw cron disable`    | Tắt tác vụ định kỳ            |
-| `picoclaw cron remove`     | Xóa tác vụ định kỳ            |
-| `picoclaw skills list`     | Liệt kê các skill đã cài      |
-| `picoclaw skills install`  | Cài đặt một skill              |
-| `picoclaw migrate`         | Di chuyển dữ liệu từ phiên bản cũ |
-| `picoclaw auth login`      | Xác thực với nhà cung cấp     |
-| `picoclaw model`           | Xem hoặc chuyển đổi model mặc định |
+| Lệnh                      | Mô tả                                    |
+| ------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
+| `picoclaw onboard`        | Khởi tạo cấu hình & workspace           |
+| `picoclaw auth weixin` | Kết nối tài khoản WeChat qua QR |
+| `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | Trò chuyện với agent                     |
+| `picoclaw agent`          | Chế độ trò chuyện tương tác             |
+| `picoclaw gateway`        | Khởi động gateway                        |
+| `picoclaw status`         | Hiển thị trạng thái                      |
+| `picoclaw version`        | Hiển thị thông tin phiên bản            |
+| `picoclaw model`          | Xem hoặc chuyển đổi mô hình mặc định   |
+| `picoclaw cron list`      | Liệt kê tất cả công việc đã lên lịch   |
+| `picoclaw cron add ...`   | Thêm công việc đã lên lịch             |
+| `picoclaw cron disable`   | Vô hiệu hóa công việc đã lên lịch      |
+| `picoclaw cron remove`    | Xóa công việc đã lên lịch              |
+| `picoclaw skills list`    | Liệt kê các Skill đã cài đặt           |
+| `picoclaw skills install` | Cài đặt một Skill                       |
+| `picoclaw migrate`        | Di chuyển dữ liệu từ các phiên bản cũ  |
+| `picoclaw auth login`     | Xác thực với các provider               |
 
-### Tác vụ định kỳ / Nhắc nhở
+### ⏰ Tác vụ Đã lên lịch / Nhắc nhở
 
-PicoClaw hỗ trợ nhắc nhở theo lịch và tác vụ lặp lại thông qua công cụ `cron`:
+PicoClaw hỗ trợ nhắc nhở đã lên lịch và tác vụ định kỳ thông qua tool `cron`:
 
-* **Nhắc nhở một lần**: "Nhắc tôi sau 10 phút" → kích hoạt một lần sau 10 phút
-* **Tác vụ lặp lại**: "Nhắc tôi mỗi 2 giờ" → kích hoạt mỗi 2 giờ
-* **Biểu thức Cron**: "Nhắc tôi lúc 9 giờ sáng mỗi ngày" → sử dụng biểu thức cron
+* **Nhắc nhở một lần**: "Nhắc tôi sau 10 phút" -> kích hoạt một lần sau 10 phút
+* **Tác vụ định kỳ**: "Nhắc tôi mỗi 2 giờ" -> kích hoạt mỗi 2 giờ
+* **Biểu thức Cron**: "Nhắc tôi lúc 9 giờ sáng hàng ngày" -> sử dụng biểu thức cron
+
+## 📚 Tài liệu
+
+Để biết các hướng dẫn chi tiết ngoài README này:
+
+| Chủ đề | Mô tả |
+|--------|-------|
+| [Docker & Khởi động Nhanh](docs/vi/docker.md) | Thiết lập Docker Compose, chế độ Launcher/Agent |
+| [Ứng dụng Chat](docs/vi/chat-apps.md) | Hướng dẫn thiết lập 17+ Channel |
+| [Cấu hình](docs/vi/configuration.md) | Biến môi trường, bố cục workspace, sandbox bảo mật |
+| [Providers & Models](docs/vi/providers.md) | 30+ Provider LLM, định tuyến mô hình, cấu hình model_list |
+| [Spawn & Tác vụ Bất đồng bộ](docs/vi/spawn-tasks.md) | Tác vụ nhanh, tác vụ dài với spawn, điều phối sub-agent bất đồng bộ |
+| [Hooks](docs/hooks/README.md) | Hệ thống hook hướng sự kiện: observer, interceptor, approval hook |
+| [Steering](docs/steering.md) | Chèn tin nhắn vào vòng lặp agent đang chạy |
+| [SubTurn](docs/subturn.md) | Điều phối subagent, kiểm soát đồng thời, vòng đời |
+| [Khắc phục sự cố](docs/vi/troubleshooting.md) | Các vấn đề thường gặp và giải pháp |
+| [Cấu hình Tools](docs/vi/tools_configuration.md) | Bật/tắt từng tool, chính sách exec, MCP, Skills |
+| [Tương thích Phần cứng](docs/vi/hardware-compatibility.md) | Các board đã kiểm tra, yêu cầu tối thiểu |
 
 ## 🤝 Đóng góp & Lộ trình
 
-Chào đón mọi PR! Mã nguồn được thiết kế nhỏ gọn và dễ đọc. 🤗
+PR luôn được chào đón! Codebase được thiết kế nhỏ gọn và dễ đọc.
 
-Xem [Lộ trình Cộng đồng](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/blob/main/ROADMAP.md) đầy đủ.
+Xem [Lộ trình Cộng đồng](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/issues/988) và [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) để biết hướng dẫn.
 
-Nhóm phát triển đang được xây dựng. Tham gia sau khi có PR đầu tiên được merge!
+Nhóm nhà phát triển đang được xây dựng, tham gia sau khi PR đầu tiên của bạn được merge!
 
-Nhóm người dùng:
+Nhóm Người dùng:
 
-discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
+Discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
 
-<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
+WeChat:
+<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="WeChat group QR code" width="512">
diff --git a/README.zh.md b/README.zh.md
index 579e73dc9..4d035e025 100644
--- a/README.zh.md
+++ b/README.zh.md
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 <h1>PicoClaw: 基于Go语言的超高效 AI 助手</h1>
 
-<h3>$10 硬件 · <10MB 内存 · <1s 启动 · 皮皮虾，我们走！</h3>
+<h3>$10 硬件 · 10MB 内存 · 毫秒启动 · 皮皮虾，我们走！</h3>
   <p>
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Go-1.25+-00ADD8?style=flat&logo=go&logoColor=white" alt="Go">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Arch-x86__64%2C%20ARM64%2C%20MIPS%2C%20RISC--V%2C%20LoongArch-blue" alt="Hardware">
@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@
 
 _*近期版本因快速合并 PR 可能占用 10–20MB，资源优化已列入计划。启动速度对比基于 0.8GHz 单核实测（见下方对比表）。_
 
+<div align="center">
+
 |                                | OpenClaw      | NanoBot                  | **PicoClaw**                           |
 | ------------------------------ | ------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
 | **语言**                       | TypeScript    | Python                   | **Go**                                 |
@@ -104,7 +106,13 @@ _*近期版本因快速合并 PR 可能占用 10–20MB，资源优化已列入
 
 <img src="assets/compare.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
 
-> 📋 **[硬件兼容列表](docs/hardware-compatibility.md)** — 查看所有已测试的板卡，从 $5 RISC-V 到树莓派到安卓手机。你的板卡没在列表中？欢迎提交 PR！
+</div>
+
+> 📋 **[硬件兼容列表](docs/zh/hardware-compatibility.md)** — 查看所有已测试的板卡，从 $5 RISC-V 到树莓派到安卓手机。你的板卡没在列表中？欢迎提交 PR！
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/hardware-banner.jpg" alt="PicoClaw Hardware Compatibility" width="100%">
+</p>
 
 ## 🦾 演示
 
@@ -128,25 +136,6 @@ _*近期版本因快速合并 PR 可能占用 10–20MB，资源优化已列入
 </tr>
 </table>
 
-### 📱 在手机上轻松运行
-
-PicoClaw 可以将你 10 年前的老旧手机废物利用，变身成为你的 AI 助理！快速指南：
-
-1. 安装 [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app)（可从 [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases) 下载，或在 F-Droid 等应用商店搜索）
-2. 打开后执行指令
-
-```bash
-# 从 Release 页面下载最新版本
-wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
-pkg install proot
-termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot 提供标准 Linux 文件系统布局
-```
-
-然后跟随下面的"快速开始"章节继续配置 PicoClaw 即可使用！
-
-<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
-
 ### 🐜 创新的低占用部署
 
 PicoClaw 几乎可以部署在任何 Linux 设备上！
@@ -177,9 +166,12 @@ git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
 cd picoclaw
 make deps
 
-# 构建（无需安装）
+# 构建核心二进制文件
 make build
 
+# 构建 Web UI Launcher（WebUI 模式必需）
+make build-launcher
+
 # 为多平台构建
 make build-all
 
@@ -192,20 +184,330 @@ make install
 
 **Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W:** 请使用与系统匹配的二进制文件：32 位 Raspberry Pi OS → `make build-linux-arm`；64 位 → `make build-linux-arm64`。或运行 `make build-pi-zero` 同时构建两者。
 
-## 📚 文档
+## 🚀 快速开始
 
-详细指南请参阅以下文档，README 仅涵盖快速入门。
+### 🌐 WebUI Launcher（推荐桌面用户）
 
-| 主题 | 说明 |
-|------|------|
-| 🐳 [Docker 与快速开始](docs/zh/docker.md) | Docker Compose 配置、Launcher/Agent 模式、快速开始 |
-| 💬 [聊天应用配置](docs/zh/chat-apps.md) | Telegram、Discord、WhatsApp、Matrix、QQ、Slack、IRC、钉钉、LINE、飞书、企业微信等 |
-| ⚙️ [配置指南](docs/zh/configuration.md) | 环境变量、工作区布局、技能来源、安全沙箱、心跳任务 |
-| 🔌 [提供商与模型配置](docs/zh/providers.md) | 20+ LLM 提供商、模型路由、model_list 配置、Provider 架构 |
-| 🔄 [异步任务与 Spawn](docs/zh/spawn-tasks.md) | 快速任务、长任务与 Spawn、异步子 Agent 编排 |
-| 🐛 [疑难解答](docs/zh/troubleshooting.md) | 常见问题与解决方案 |
-| 🔧 [工具配置](docs/zh/tools_configuration.md) | 工具启用/禁用、执行策略 |
-| 📋 [硬件兼容列表](docs/hardware-compatibility.md) | 已测试板卡、最低要求、如何添加你的板卡 |
+WebUI Launcher 提供基于浏览器的配置与聊天界面，是最简单的上手方式——无需命令行知识。
+
+**方式一：双击启动（桌面）**
+
+从 [picoclaw.io](https://picoclaw.io) 下载后，双击 `picoclaw-launcher`（Windows 上为 `picoclaw-launcher.exe`），浏览器将自动打开 `http://localhost:18800`。
+
+**方式二：命令行**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher
+# 在浏览器中打开 http://localhost:18800
+```
+
+> [!TIP]
+> **远程访问 / Docker / 虚拟机：** 添加 `-public` 参数以监听所有网络接口：
+> ```bash
+> picoclaw-launcher -public
+> ```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-webui.jpg" alt="WebUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**开始使用：**
+
+打开 WebUI，然后：**1)** 配置 Provider（填入 LLM API Key）-> **2)** 配置 Channel（如 Telegram）-> **3)** 启动 Gateway -> **4)** 开始聊天！
+
+详细 WebUI 文档请参阅 [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io)。
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Docker（备选方案）</b></summary>
+
+```bash
+# 1. 克隆本仓库
+git clone https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw.git
+cd picoclaw
+
+# 2. 首次运行——自动生成 docker/data/config.json 后退出
+#    （仅在 config.json 和 workspace/ 均不存在时触发）
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up
+# 容器打印 "First-run setup complete." 后停止。
+
+# 3. 填写 API Key
+vim docker/data/config.json
+
+# 4. 启动
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+# 打开 http://localhost:18800
+```
+
+> **Docker / 虚拟机用户：** Gateway 默认监听 `127.0.0.1`。设置 `PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOST=0.0.0.0` 或使用 `-public` 参数以允许从宿主机访问。
+
+```bash
+# 查看日志
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml logs -f
+
+# 停止
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher down
+
+# 更新
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml pull
+docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile launcher up -d
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### 💻 TUI Launcher（推荐无头环境 / SSH）
+
+TUI（终端 UI）Launcher 提供功能完整的终端配置与管理界面，适合服务器、树莓派等无显示器环境。
+
+```bash
+picoclaw-launcher-tui
+```
+
+<p align="center">
+<img src="assets/launcher-tui.jpg" alt="TUI Launcher" width="600">
+</p>
+
+**开始使用：**
+
+通过 TUI 菜单：**1)** 配置 Provider -> **2)** 配置 Channel -> **3)** 启动 Gateway -> **4)** 开始聊天！
+
+详细 TUI 文档请参阅 [docs.picoclaw.io](https://docs.picoclaw.io)。
+
+### 📱 Android
+
+让你十年前的旧手机焕发新生！将它变成你的 AI 助手。
+
+**方式一：Termux（现已可用）**
+
+1. 安装 [Termux](https://github.com/termux/termux-app)（可从 [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/termux/termux-app/releases) 下载，或在 F-Droid / Google Play 中搜索）
+2. 执行以下命令：
+
+```bash
+# 从 Release 页面下载最新版本
+wget https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/releases/latest/download/picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+tar xzf picoclaw_Linux_arm64.tar.gz
+pkg install proot
+termux-chroot ./picoclaw onboard   # chroot 提供标准 Linux 文件系统布局
+```
+
+然后跟随下面的"Terminal Launcher"章节继续配置。
+
+<img src="assets/termux.jpg" alt="PicoClaw on Termux" width="512">
+
+**方式二：APK 安装（即将推出）**
+
+内置 WebUI 的独立 Android APK 正在开发中，敬请期待！
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Terminal Launcher（适用于资源受限环境）</b></summary>
+
+对于只有 `picoclaw` 核心二进制文件的极简环境（无 Launcher UI），可通过命令行和 JSON 配置文件完成所有配置。
+
+**1. 初始化**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw onboard
+```
+
+此命令会创建 `~/.picoclaw/config.json` 和工作区目录。
+
+**2. 配置** (`~/.picoclaw/config.json`)
+
+```json
+{
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4"
+    }
+  },
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_key": "sk-your-api-key"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+> 完整配置模板请参阅仓库中的 `config/config.example.json`。
+
+**3. 开始聊天**
+
+```bash
+# 单次提问
+picoclaw agent -m "What is 2+2?"
+
+# 交互式对话模式
+picoclaw agent
+
+# 启动 Gateway 以接入聊天应用
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## 🔌 Providers (LLM)
+
+PicoClaw 通过 `model_list` 配置支持 30+ LLM Provider，使用 `协议/模型` 格式：
+
+| Provider | 协议 | API Key | 备注 |
+|----------|------|---------|------|
+| [OpenAI](https://platform.openai.com/api-keys) | `openai/` | 必填 | GPT-5.4、GPT-4o、o3 等 |
+| [Anthropic](https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys) | `anthropic/` | 必填 | Claude Opus 4.6、Sonnet 4.6 等 |
+| [Google Gemini](https://aistudio.google.com/apikey) | `gemini/` | 必填 | Gemini 3 Flash、2.5 Pro 等 |
+| [OpenRouter](https://openrouter.ai/keys) | `openrouter/` | 必填 | 200+ 模型，统一 API |
+| [智谱 (GLM)](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) | `zhipu/` | 必填 | GLM-4.7、GLM-5 等 |
+| [DeepSeek](https://platform.deepseek.com/api_keys) | `deepseek/` | 必填 | DeepSeek-V3、DeepSeek-R1 |
+| [火山引擎](https://console.volcengine.com) | `volcengine/` | 必填 | 豆包、Ark 系列模型 |
+| [Qwen](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com/apiKey) | `qwen/` | 必填 | Qwen3、Qwen-Max 等 |
+| [Groq](https://console.groq.com/keys) | `groq/` | 必填 | 快速推理（Llama、Mixtral） |
+| [Moonshot (Kimi)](https://platform.moonshot.cn/console/api-keys) | `moonshot/` | 必填 | Kimi 系列模型 |
+| [Minimax](https://platform.minimaxi.com/user-center/basic-information/interface-key) | `minimax/` | 必填 | MiniMax 系列模型 |
+| [Mistral](https://console.mistral.ai/api-keys) | `mistral/` | 必填 | Mistral Large、Codestral |
+| [NVIDIA NIM](https://build.nvidia.com/) | `nvidia/` | 必填 | NVIDIA 托管模型 |
+| [Cerebras](https://cloud.cerebras.ai/) | `cerebras/` | 必填 | 快速推理 |
+| [Novita AI](https://novita.ai/) | `novita/` | 必填 | 多种开源模型 |
+| [Ollama](https://ollama.com/) | `ollama/` | 无需 | 本地模型，自托管 |
+| [vLLM](https://docs.vllm.ai/) | `vllm/` | 无需 | 本地部署，兼容 OpenAI |
+| [LiteLLM](https://docs.litellm.ai/) | `litellm/` | 视情况 | 100+ Provider 代理 |
+| [Azure OpenAI](https://portal.azure.com/) | `azure/` | 必填 | 企业级 Azure 部署 |
+| [GitHub Copilot](https://github.com/features/copilot) | `github-copilot/` | OAuth | 设备码登录 |
+| [Antigravity](https://console.cloud.google.com/) | `antigravity/` | OAuth | Google Cloud AI |
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>本地部署（Ollama、vLLM 等）</b></summary>
+
+**Ollama:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-llama",
+      "model": "ollama/llama3.1:8b",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:11434/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+**vLLM:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "local-vllm",
+      "model": "vllm/your-model",
+      "api_base": "http://localhost:8000/v1"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+完整 Provider 配置详情请参阅 [Providers & Models](docs/zh/providers.md)。
+
+</details>
+
+## 💬 Channels（聊天应用）
+
+通过 17+ 消息平台与你的 PicoClaw 对话：
+
+| Channel | 配置难度 | 协议 | 文档 |
+|---------|----------|------|------|
+| **Telegram** | 简单（bot token） | 长轮询 | [指南](docs/channels/telegram/README.zh.md) |
+| **Discord** | 简单（bot token + intents） | WebSocket | [指南](docs/channels/discord/README.zh.md) |
+| **WhatsApp** | 简单（扫码或 bridge URL） | 原生 / Bridge | [指南](docs/zh/chat-apps.md#whatsapp) |
+| **微信 (Weixin)** | 简单（扫码登录） | iLink API | [指南](docs/zh/chat-apps.md#weixin) |
+| **QQ** | 简单（AppID + AppSecret） | WebSocket | [指南](docs/channels/qq/README.zh.md) |
+| **Slack** | 简单（bot + app token） | Socket Mode | [指南](docs/channels/slack/README.zh.md) |
+| **Matrix** | 中等（homeserver + token） | Sync API | [指南](docs/channels/matrix/README.zh.md) |
+| **钉钉** | 中等（client credentials） | Stream | [指南](docs/channels/dingtalk/README.zh.md) |
+| **飞书 / Lark** | 中等（App ID + Secret） | WebSocket/SDK | [指南](docs/channels/feishu/README.zh.md) |
+| **LINE** | 中等（credentials + webhook） | Webhook | [指南](docs/channels/line/README.zh.md) |
+| **企业微信机器人** | 中等（webhook URL） | Webhook | [指南](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.zh.md) |
+| **企业微信应用** | 中等（corp credentials） | Webhook | [指南](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.zh.md) |
+| **企业微信 AI 机器人** | 中等（token + AES key） | WebSocket / Webhook | [指南](docs/channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.zh.md) |
+| **IRC** | 中等（server + nick） | IRC 协议 | [指南](docs/zh/chat-apps.md#irc) |
+| **OneBot** | 中等（WebSocket URL） | OneBot v11 | [指南](docs/channels/onebot/README.zh.md) |
+| **MaixCam** | 简单（启用即可） | TCP socket | [指南](docs/channels/maixcam/README.zh.md) |
+| **Pico** | 简单（启用即可） | 原生协议 | 内置 |
+| **Pico Client** | 简单（WebSocket URL） | WebSocket | 内置 |
+
+> 所有基于 Webhook 的 Channel 共用同一个 Gateway HTTP 服务器（`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`，默认 `127.0.0.1:18790`）。飞书使用 WebSocket/SDK 模式，不使用共享 HTTP 服务器。
+
+详细 Channel 配置说明请参阅 [聊天应用配置](docs/zh/chat-apps.md)。
+
+## 🔧 Tools
+
+### 🔍 网络搜索
+
+PicoClaw 可以搜索网络以提供最新信息。在 `tools.web` 中配置：
+
+| 搜索引擎 | API Key | 免费额度 | 链接 |
+|---------|---------|---------|------|
+| [百度搜索](https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan-api/s/Wmbq4z7e5) | 必填 | 1000 次/天 | AI 搜索，国内首选 |
+| [Tavily](https://tavily.com) | 必填 | 1000 次/月 | 专为 AI Agent 优化 |
+| [GLM Search](https://open.bigmodel.cn/) | 必填 | 视情况 | 智谱网络搜索 |
+| DuckDuckGo | 无需 | 无限制 | 内置备用（国内访问困难） |
+| [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai) | 必填 | 付费 | AI 驱动搜索（国内访问困难） |
+| [Brave Search](https://brave.com/search/api) | 必填 | 2000 次/月 | 快速且注重隐私（国内访问困难） |
+| [SearXNG](https://github.com/searxng/searxng) | 无需 | 自托管 | 免费元搜索引擎 |
+
+### ⚙️ 其他工具
+
+PicoClaw 内置文件操作、代码执行、定时任务等工具。详情请参阅 [工具配置](docs/zh/tools_configuration.md)。
+
+## 🎯 Skills
+
+Skills 是扩展 Agent 能力的模块化插件，从工作区的 `SKILL.md` 文件加载。
+
+**从 ClawHub 安装 Skills：**
+
+```bash
+picoclaw skills search "web scraping"
+picoclaw skills install <skill-name>
+```
+
+**配置 ClawHub token**（可选，用于提高速率限制）：
+
+在 `config.json` 中添加：
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "skills": {
+      "registries": {
+        "clawhub": {
+          "auth_token": "your-clawhub-token"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+更多详情请参阅 [工具配置 - Skills](docs/zh/tools_configuration.md#skills-tool)。
+
+## 🔗 MCP (Model Context Protocol)
+
+PicoClaw 原生支持 [MCP](https://modelcontextprotocol.io/) — 连接任意 MCP 服务器，通过外部工具和数据源扩展 Agent 能力。
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "mcp": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "servers": {
+        "filesystem": {
+          "enabled": true,
+          "command": "npx",
+          "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/tmp"]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+完整 MCP 配置（stdio、SSE、HTTP 传输、Tool Discovery）请参阅 [工具配置 - MCP](docs/zh/tools_configuration.md#mcp-tool)。
 
 ## <img src="assets/clawdchat-icon.png" width="24" height="24" alt="ClawdChat"> 加入 Agent 社交网络
 
@@ -218,22 +520,23 @@ make install
 | 命令                       | 说明                   |
 | ------------------------- | ---------------------- |
 | `picoclaw onboard`        | 初始化配置与工作区       |
+| `picoclaw auth weixin` | 扫码连接微信个人号 |
 | `picoclaw agent -m "..."` | 与 Agent 对话           |
 | `picoclaw agent`          | 交互式对话模式           |
 | `picoclaw gateway`        | 启动网关                |
 | `picoclaw status`         | 查看状态                |
 | `picoclaw version`        | 查看版本信息             |
+| `picoclaw model`          | 查看或切换默认模型       |
 | `picoclaw cron list`      | 列出所有定时任务         |
 | `picoclaw cron add ...`   | 添加定时任务             |
 | `picoclaw cron disable`   | 禁用定时任务             |
 | `picoclaw cron remove`    | 删除定时任务             |
-| `picoclaw skills list`    | 列出已安装技能           |
-| `picoclaw skills install` | 安装技能                |
+| `picoclaw skills list`    | 列出已安装 Skills        |
+| `picoclaw skills install` | 安装 Skill              |
 | `picoclaw migrate`        | 从旧版本迁移数据         |
-| `picoclaw auth login`     | 认证提供商               |
-| `picoclaw model`          | 查看或切换默认模型 |
+| `picoclaw auth login`     | 认证 Provider           |
 
-### 定时任务 / 提醒
+### ⏰ 定时任务 / 提醒
 
 PicoClaw 通过 `cron` 工具支持定时提醒和重复任务：
 
@@ -241,11 +544,29 @@ PicoClaw 通过 `cron` 工具支持定时提醒和重复任务：
 * **重复任务**: "每2小时提醒我" → 每2小时触发
 * **Cron 表达式**: "每天上午9点提醒我" → 使用 cron 表达式
 
+## 📚 文档
+
+详细指南请参阅以下文档，README 仅涵盖快速入门。
+
+| 主题 | 说明 |
+|------|------|
+| 🐳 [Docker 与快速开始](docs/zh/docker.md) | Docker Compose 配置、Launcher/Agent 模式、快速开始 |
+| 💬 [聊天应用配置](docs/zh/chat-apps.md) | 全部 17+ Channel 配置指南 |
+| ⚙️ [配置指南](docs/zh/configuration.md) | 环境变量、工作区布局、安全沙箱 |
+| 🔌 [提供商与模型配置](docs/zh/providers.md) | 30+ LLM Provider、模型路由、model_list 配置 |
+| 🔄 [异步任务与 Spawn](docs/zh/spawn-tasks.md) | 快速任务、长任务与 Spawn、异步子 Agent 编排 |
+| 🪝 [Hook 系统](docs/hooks/README.zh.md) | 事件驱动 Hook：观察者、拦截器、审批 Hook |
+| 🎯 [Steering](docs/steering.md) | 在工具调用间向运行中的 Agent 注入消息 |
+| 🔀 [SubTurn](docs/subturn.md) | 子 Agent 协调、并发控制、生命周期管理 |
+| 🐛 [疑难解答](docs/zh/troubleshooting.md) | 常见问题与解决方案 |
+| 🔧 [工具配置](docs/zh/tools_configuration.md) | 工具启用/禁用、执行策略、MCP、Skills |
+| 📋 [硬件兼容列表](docs/zh/hardware-compatibility.md) | 已测试板卡、最低要求 |
+
 ## 🤝 贡献与路线图
 
 欢迎提交 PR！代码库刻意保持小巧和可读。🤗
 
-查看完整的 [社区路线图](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/blob/main/ROADMAP.md)。
+查看完整的 [社区路线图](https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/issues/988) 和 [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md)。
 
 开发者群组正在组建中，入群门槛：至少合并过 1 个 PR。
 
@@ -253,4 +574,10 @@ PicoClaw 通过 `cron` 工具支持定时提醒和重复任务：
 
 Discord: <https://discord.gg/V4sAZ9XWpN>
 
-<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="PicoClaw" width="512">
+WeChat:
+<img src="assets/wechat.png" alt="WeChat group QR code" width="512">
+
+
+
+
+
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new file mode 100644
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+++ b/cmd/picoclaw-launcher-tui/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Picoclaw Launcher TUI
+
+This directory contains the terminal-based TUI launcher for `picoclaw`.
+It provides a lightweight, terminal-native user interface for managing, configuring, and interacting with the core `picoclaw` engine, without requiring a web browser or graphical environment.
+
+## Architecture
+
+The TUI launcher is implemented purely in Go with no external runtime dependencies:
+* **`main.go`**: Application entry point, handles initialization and main event loop
+* **`ui/`**: TUI interface components built on tview + tcell framework:
+  - `home.go`: Main dashboard with navigation menu
+  - `schemes.go`: AI model scheme management
+  - `users.go`: User and API key management for model providers
+  - `channels.go`: Communication channel (Telegram/Discord/WeChat etc.) configuration editor
+  - `gateway.go`: PicoClaw gateway daemon lifecycle management (start/stop/status)
+  - `app.go`: Core TUI application framework and navigation logic
+  - `models.go`: Data structures and state management
+* **`config/`**: Configuration management layer, integrates with the core picoclaw configuration system
+
+## Getting Started
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+* Go 1.25+
+* Terminal with 256-color support (most modern terminals are compatible)
+
+### Development
+
+Run the TUI launcher directly in development mode:
+
+```bash
+# From project root
+go run ./cmd/picoclaw-launcher-tui
+
+# Or from this directory
+go run .
+```
+
+### Build
+
+Build the standalone TUI launcher binary:
+
+```bash
+# From project root (recommended)
+make build-launcher-tui
+
+# Output will be at:
+# build/picoclaw-launcher-tui-<platform>-<arch>
+# with symlink build/picoclaw-launcher-tui
+
+# Or build directly from this directory
+go build -o picoclaw-launcher-tui .
+```
+
+### Key Features
+
+* 🖥️ Terminal-native interface - works over SSH, on headless servers, and in low-resource environments
+* ⚙️ AI model scheme and API key management
+* 📱 Communication channel configuration editor (Telegram/Discord/WeChat etc.)
+* 🔄 PicoClaw gateway daemon management (start/stop/status monitoring)
+* 💬 One-click launch of interactive AI chat session
+* 🎯 Keyboard-first design with intuitive shortcuts
+
+### Other Commands
+
+```bash
+# Run with custom config file path
+go run . /path/to/custom/config.json
+```
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/agent/helpers.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/agent/helpers.go
index c3ddbb77f..23227d56a 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/agent/helpers.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/agent/helpers.go
@@ -23,16 +23,18 @@ func agentCmd(message, sessionKey, model string, debug bool) error {
 		sessionKey = "cli:default"
 	}
 
-	if debug {
-		logger.SetLevel(logger.DEBUG)
-		fmt.Println("🔍 Debug mode enabled")
-	}
-
 	cfg, err := internal.LoadConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error loading config: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	logger.ConfigureFromEnv()
+
+	if debug {
+		logger.SetLevel(logger.DEBUG)
+		fmt.Println("🔍 Debug mode enabled")
+	}
+
 	if model != "" {
 		cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = model
 	}
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/command.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/command.go
index 12a0a3a8c..9de083d8d 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/command.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/command.go
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ func NewAuthCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		newLogoutCommand(),
 		newStatusCommand(),
 		newModelsCommand(),
+		newWeixinCommand(),
+		newWeComCommand(),
 	)
 
 	return cmd
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/command_test.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/command_test.go
index 48dc704dd..3c7f2d3d6 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/command_test.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/command_test.go
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ func TestNewAuthCommand(t *testing.T) {
 		"logout",
 		"status",
 		"models",
+		"weixin",
+		"wecom",
 	}
 
 	subcommands := cmd.Commands()
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/helpers.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/helpers.go
index 4bf132685..531cb76aa 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/helpers.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/helpers.go
@@ -56,9 +56,6 @@ func authLoginOpenAI(useDeviceCode bool) error {
 
 	appCfg, err := internal.LoadConfig()
 	if err == nil {
-		// Update Providers (legacy format)
-		appCfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod = "oauth"
-
 		// Update or add openai in ModelList
 		foundOpenAI := false
 		for i := range appCfg.ModelList {
@@ -71,7 +68,7 @@ func authLoginOpenAI(useDeviceCode bool) error {
 
 		// If no openai in ModelList, add it
 		if !foundOpenAI {
-			appCfg.ModelList = append(appCfg.ModelList, config.ModelConfig{
+			appCfg.ModelList = append(appCfg.ModelList, &config.ModelConfig{
 				ModelName:  "gpt-5.4",
 				Model:      "openai/gpt-5.4",
 				AuthMethod: "oauth",
@@ -130,9 +127,6 @@ func authLoginGoogleAntigravity() error {
 
 	appCfg, err := internal.LoadConfig()
 	if err == nil {
-		// Update Providers (legacy format, for backward compatibility)
-		appCfg.Providers.Antigravity.AuthMethod = "oauth"
-
 		// Update or add antigravity in ModelList
 		foundAntigravity := false
 		for i := range appCfg.ModelList {
@@ -145,7 +139,7 @@ func authLoginGoogleAntigravity() error {
 
 		// If no antigravity in ModelList, add it
 		if !foundAntigravity {
-			appCfg.ModelList = append(appCfg.ModelList, config.ModelConfig{
+			appCfg.ModelList = append(appCfg.ModelList, &config.ModelConfig{
 				ModelName:  "gemini-flash",
 				Model:      "antigravity/gemini-3-flash",
 				AuthMethod: "oauth",
@@ -210,8 +204,6 @@ func authLoginAnthropicSetupToken() error {
 
 	appCfg, err := internal.LoadConfig()
 	if err == nil {
-		appCfg.Providers.Anthropic.AuthMethod = "oauth"
-
 		found := false
 		for i := range appCfg.ModelList {
 			if isAnthropicModel(appCfg.ModelList[i].Model) {
@@ -221,7 +213,7 @@ func authLoginAnthropicSetupToken() error {
 			}
 		}
 		if !found {
-			appCfg.ModelList = append(appCfg.ModelList, config.ModelConfig{
+			appCfg.ModelList = append(appCfg.ModelList, &config.ModelConfig{
 				ModelName:  defaultAnthropicModel,
 				Model:      "anthropic/" + defaultAnthropicModel,
 				AuthMethod: "oauth",
@@ -287,7 +279,6 @@ func authLoginPasteToken(provider string) error {
 	if err == nil {
 		switch provider {
 		case "anthropic":
-			appCfg.Providers.Anthropic.AuthMethod = "token"
 			// Update ModelList
 			found := false
 			for i := range appCfg.ModelList {
@@ -298,7 +289,7 @@ func authLoginPasteToken(provider string) error {
 				}
 			}
 			if !found {
-				appCfg.ModelList = append(appCfg.ModelList, config.ModelConfig{
+				appCfg.ModelList = append(appCfg.ModelList, &config.ModelConfig{
 					ModelName:  defaultAnthropicModel,
 					Model:      "anthropic/" + defaultAnthropicModel,
 					AuthMethod: "token",
@@ -306,7 +297,6 @@ func authLoginPasteToken(provider string) error {
 				appCfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = defaultAnthropicModel
 			}
 		case "openai":
-			appCfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod = "token"
 			// Update ModelList
 			found := false
 			for i := range appCfg.ModelList {
@@ -317,7 +307,7 @@ func authLoginPasteToken(provider string) error {
 				}
 			}
 			if !found {
-				appCfg.ModelList = append(appCfg.ModelList, config.ModelConfig{
+				appCfg.ModelList = append(appCfg.ModelList, &config.ModelConfig{
 					ModelName:  "gpt-5.4",
 					Model:      "openai/gpt-5.4",
 					AuthMethod: "token",
@@ -365,15 +355,6 @@ func authLogoutCmd(provider string) error {
 					}
 				}
 			}
-			// Clear AuthMethod in Providers (legacy)
-			switch provider {
-			case "openai":
-				appCfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod = ""
-			case "anthropic":
-				appCfg.Providers.Anthropic.AuthMethod = ""
-			case "google-antigravity", "antigravity":
-				appCfg.Providers.Antigravity.AuthMethod = ""
-			}
 			config.SaveConfig(internal.GetConfigPath(), appCfg)
 		}
 
@@ -392,10 +373,6 @@ func authLogoutCmd(provider string) error {
 		for i := range appCfg.ModelList {
 			appCfg.ModelList[i].AuthMethod = ""
 		}
-		// Clear all AuthMethods in Providers (legacy)
-		appCfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod = ""
-		appCfg.Providers.Anthropic.AuthMethod = ""
-		appCfg.Providers.Antigravity.AuthMethod = ""
 		config.SaveConfig(internal.GetConfigPath(), appCfg)
 	}
 
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/wecom.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/wecom.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8261f5f80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/wecom.go
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/mdp/qrterminal/v3"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/cmd/picoclaw/internal"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+const (
+	wecomQRSourceID          = "picoclaw"
+	wecomQRGenerateEndpoint  = "https://work.weixin.qq.com/ai/qc/generate"
+	wecomQRQueryEndpoint     = "https://work.weixin.qq.com/ai/qc/query_result"
+	wecomQRPageEndpoint      = "https://work.weixin.qq.com/ai/qc/gen"
+	wecomQRHTTPTimeout       = 15 * time.Second
+	wecomQRPollInterval      = 3 * time.Second
+	wecomQRPollTimeout       = 5 * time.Minute
+	wecomDefaultWebSocketURL = "wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com"
+)
+
+type wecomQRScanner func(context.Context, wecomQRFlowOptions) (wecomQRBotInfo, error)
+
+type wecomQRFlowOptions struct {
+	HTTPClient    *http.Client
+	GenerateURL   string
+	QueryURL      string
+	QRCodePageURL string
+	SourceID      string
+	PollInterval  time.Duration
+	PollTimeout   time.Duration
+	Writer        io.Writer
+}
+
+type wecomQRBotInfo struct {
+	BotID  string
+	Secret string
+}
+
+type wecomQRSession struct {
+	SCode   string
+	AuthURL string
+}
+
+type wecomQRGenerateResponse struct {
+	ErrCode int    `json:"errcode,omitempty"`
+	ErrMsg  string `json:"errmsg,omitempty"`
+	Data    struct {
+		SCode   string `json:"scode"`
+		AuthURL string `json:"auth_url"`
+	} `json:"data"`
+}
+
+type wecomQRQueryResponse struct {
+	ErrCode int    `json:"errcode,omitempty"`
+	ErrMsg  string `json:"errmsg,omitempty"`
+	Data    struct {
+		Status  string `json:"status"`
+		BotInfo struct {
+			BotID  string `json:"botid"`
+			Secret string `json:"secret"`
+		} `json:"bot_info"`
+	} `json:"data"`
+}
+
+func newWeComCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	var timeout time.Duration
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "wecom",
+		Short: "Scan a WeCom QR code and configure channels.wecom",
+		Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
+		RunE: func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+			return authWeComCmd(timeout)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().DurationVar(&timeout, "timeout", wecomQRPollTimeout, "How long to wait for QR confirmation")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func authWeComCmd(timeout time.Duration) error {
+	return authWeComCmdWithScanner(context.Background(), os.Stdout, timeout, scanWeComQRCodeInteractive)
+}
+
+func authWeComCmdWithScanner(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	writer io.Writer,
+	timeout time.Duration,
+	scanner wecomQRScanner,
+) error {
+	if scanner == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wecom QR scanner is nil")
+	}
+	if writer == nil {
+		writer = os.Stdout
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := internal.LoadConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	opts := defaultWeComQRFlowOptions(timeout)
+	opts.Writer = writer
+
+	botInfo, err := scanner(ctx, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	applyWeComAuthResult(cfg, botInfo)
+
+	if saveErr := config.SaveConfig(internal.GetConfigPath(), cfg); saveErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save config: %w", saveErr)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(writer)
+	fmt.Fprintln(writer, "WeCom connected.")
+	fmt.Fprintf(writer, "Bot ID: %s\n", botInfo.BotID)
+	fmt.Fprintf(writer, "Config: %s\n", internal.GetConfigPath())
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func defaultWeComQRFlowOptions(timeout time.Duration) wecomQRFlowOptions {
+	if timeout <= 0 {
+		timeout = wecomQRPollTimeout
+	}
+
+	return wecomQRFlowOptions{
+		HTTPClient:    &http.Client{Timeout: wecomQRHTTPTimeout},
+		GenerateURL:   wecomQRGenerateEndpoint,
+		QueryURL:      wecomQRQueryEndpoint,
+		QRCodePageURL: wecomQRPageEndpoint,
+		SourceID:      wecomQRSourceID,
+		PollInterval:  wecomQRPollInterval,
+		PollTimeout:   timeout,
+		Writer:        os.Stdout,
+	}
+}
+
+func applyWeComAuthResult(cfg *config.Config, botInfo wecomQRBotInfo) {
+	cfg.Channels.WeCom.Enabled = true
+	cfg.Channels.WeCom.BotID = botInfo.BotID
+	cfg.Channels.WeCom.SetSecret(botInfo.Secret)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Channels.WeCom.WebSocketURL) == "" {
+		cfg.Channels.WeCom.WebSocketURL = wecomDefaultWebSocketURL
+	}
+}
+
+func scanWeComQRCodeInteractive(ctx context.Context, opts wecomQRFlowOptions) (wecomQRBotInfo, error) {
+	opts = normalizeWeComQRFlowOptions(opts)
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(opts.Writer, "Requesting WeCom QR code...")
+
+	session, err := fetchWeComQRCode(ctx, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return wecomQRBotInfo{}, err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(opts.Writer)
+	fmt.Fprintln(opts.Writer, "=======================================================")
+	fmt.Fprintln(opts.Writer, "Please scan the following QR code with WeCom:")
+	fmt.Fprintln(opts.Writer, "=======================================================")
+	fmt.Fprintln(opts.Writer)
+
+	qrterminal.GenerateWithConfig(session.AuthURL, qrterminal.Config{
+		Level:      qrterminal.L,
+		Writer:     opts.Writer,
+		HalfBlocks: true,
+	})
+
+	pageURL, err := buildWeComQRCodePageURL(opts.QRCodePageURL, opts.SourceID, session.SCode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return wecomQRBotInfo{}, err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(opts.Writer)
+	fmt.Fprintf(opts.Writer, "QR Code Link: %s\n", pageURL)
+	fmt.Fprintln(opts.Writer)
+	fmt.Fprintln(opts.Writer, "Waiting for scan...")
+
+	return pollWeComQRCodeResult(ctx, opts, session.SCode)
+}
+
+func normalizeWeComQRFlowOptions(opts wecomQRFlowOptions) wecomQRFlowOptions {
+	if opts.HTTPClient == nil {
+		opts.HTTPClient = &http.Client{Timeout: wecomQRHTTPTimeout}
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(opts.GenerateURL) == "" {
+		opts.GenerateURL = wecomQRGenerateEndpoint
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(opts.QueryURL) == "" {
+		opts.QueryURL = wecomQRQueryEndpoint
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(opts.QRCodePageURL) == "" {
+		opts.QRCodePageURL = wecomQRPageEndpoint
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(opts.SourceID) == "" {
+		opts.SourceID = wecomQRSourceID
+	}
+	if opts.PollInterval <= 0 {
+		opts.PollInterval = wecomQRPollInterval
+	}
+	if opts.PollTimeout <= 0 {
+		opts.PollTimeout = wecomQRPollTimeout
+	}
+	if opts.Writer == nil {
+		opts.Writer = os.Stdout
+	}
+
+	return opts
+}
+
+func fetchWeComQRCode(ctx context.Context, opts wecomQRFlowOptions) (wecomQRSession, error) {
+	generateURL, err := buildWeComQRGenerateURL(opts.GenerateURL, opts.SourceID, wecomPlatformCode())
+	if err != nil {
+		return wecomQRSession{}, err
+	}
+
+	var resp wecomQRGenerateResponse
+	if err := doWeComJSONGet(ctx, opts.HTTPClient, generateURL, &resp); err != nil {
+		return wecomQRSession{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to get WeCom QR code: %w", err)
+	}
+	if resp.ErrCode != 0 {
+		return wecomQRSession{}, fmt.Errorf(
+			"failed to get WeCom QR code: errcode=%d errmsg=%s",
+			resp.ErrCode,
+			resp.ErrMsg,
+		)
+	}
+	if resp.Data.SCode == "" || resp.Data.AuthURL == "" {
+		return wecomQRSession{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to get WeCom QR code: response missing scode or auth_url")
+	}
+
+	return wecomQRSession{
+		SCode:   resp.Data.SCode,
+		AuthURL: resp.Data.AuthURL,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func pollWeComQRCodeResult(ctx context.Context, opts wecomQRFlowOptions, scode string) (wecomQRBotInfo, error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(scode) == "" {
+		return wecomQRBotInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("missing WeCom QR scode")
+	}
+
+	timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, opts.PollTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var scannedPrinted bool
+
+	for {
+		status, err := queryWeComQRCodeStatus(timeoutCtx, opts, scode)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) || errors.Is(timeoutCtx.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				return wecomQRBotInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("WeCom QR scan timed out after %s", opts.PollTimeout)
+			}
+			return wecomQRBotInfo{}, err
+		}
+
+		switch strings.ToLower(status.Data.Status) {
+		case "success":
+			if status.Data.BotInfo.BotID == "" || status.Data.BotInfo.Secret == "" {
+				return wecomQRBotInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("WeCom QR scan succeeded but bot credentials are missing")
+			}
+			return wecomQRBotInfo{
+				BotID:  status.Data.BotInfo.BotID,
+				Secret: status.Data.BotInfo.Secret,
+			}, nil
+		case "expired":
+			return wecomQRBotInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("WeCom QR code expired, please retry")
+		case "scaned", "scanned":
+			if !scannedPrinted {
+				fmt.Fprintln(opts.Writer, "QR code scanned. Confirm the login in WeCom.")
+				scannedPrinted = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		select {
+		case <-timeoutCtx.Done():
+			if errors.Is(timeoutCtx.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				return wecomQRBotInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("WeCom QR scan timed out after %s", opts.PollTimeout)
+			}
+			return wecomQRBotInfo{}, timeoutCtx.Err()
+		case <-time.After(opts.PollInterval):
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func queryWeComQRCodeStatus(ctx context.Context, opts wecomQRFlowOptions, scode string) (wecomQRQueryResponse, error) {
+	queryURL, err := buildWeComQRQueryURL(opts.QueryURL, scode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return wecomQRQueryResponse{}, err
+	}
+
+	var resp wecomQRQueryResponse
+	if err := doWeComJSONGet(ctx, opts.HTTPClient, queryURL, &resp); err != nil {
+		return wecomQRQueryResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to query WeCom QR result: %w", err)
+	}
+	if resp.ErrCode != 0 {
+		return wecomQRQueryResponse{}, fmt.Errorf(
+			"failed to query WeCom QR result: errcode=%d errmsg=%s",
+			resp.ErrCode,
+			resp.ErrMsg,
+		)
+	}
+
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+func buildWeComQRGenerateURL(baseURL, sourceID string, platformCode int) (string, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(baseURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid WeCom QR generate URL: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	query := u.Query()
+	query.Set("source", sourceID)
+	query.Set("sourceID", sourceID)
+	query.Set("plat", strconv.Itoa(platformCode))
+	u.RawQuery = query.Encode()
+
+	return u.String(), nil
+}
+
+func buildWeComQRQueryURL(baseURL, scode string) (string, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(baseURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid WeCom QR query URL: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	query := u.Query()
+	query.Set("scode", scode)
+	u.RawQuery = query.Encode()
+
+	return u.String(), nil
+}
+
+func buildWeComQRCodePageURL(baseURL, sourceID, scode string) (string, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(baseURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid WeCom QR page URL: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	query := u.Query()
+	query.Set("source", sourceID)
+	query.Set("sourceID", sourceID)
+	query.Set("scode", scode)
+	u.RawQuery = query.Encode()
+
+	return u.String(), nil
+}
+
+func doWeComJSONGet(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, targetURL string, out any) error {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, targetURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		body, readErr := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 8192))
+		if readErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected status %s", resp.Status)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected status %s: %s", resp.Status, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(out); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("decode JSON response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func wecomPlatformCode() int {
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		return 1
+	case "windows":
+		return 2
+	case "linux":
+		return 3
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/wecom_test.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/wecom_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2a4624ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/wecom_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/cmd/picoclaw/internal"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+func TestNewWeComCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newWeComCommand()
+
+	require.NotNil(t, cmd)
+	assert.Equal(t, "wecom", cmd.Use)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Scan a WeCom QR code and configure channels.wecom", cmd.Short)
+	assert.NotNil(t, cmd.Flags().Lookup("timeout"))
+}
+
+func TestBuildWeComQRGenerateURL(t *testing.T) {
+	rawURL, err := buildWeComQRGenerateURL("https://example.com/ai/qc/generate", wecomQRSourceID, 3)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(rawURL)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, wecomQRSourceID, parsed.Query().Get("source"))
+	assert.Equal(t, wecomQRSourceID, parsed.Query().Get("sourceID"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "3", parsed.Query().Get("plat"))
+}
+
+func TestBuildWeComQRCodePageURL(t *testing.T) {
+	rawURL, err := buildWeComQRCodePageURL("https://example.com/ai/qc/gen", wecomQRSourceID, "scode-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(rawURL)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, wecomQRSourceID, parsed.Query().Get("source"))
+	assert.Equal(t, wecomQRSourceID, parsed.Query().Get("sourceID"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "scode-1", parsed.Query().Get("scode"))
+}
+
+func TestFetchWeComQRCode(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "/generate", r.URL.Path)
+		assert.Equal(t, wecomQRSourceID, r.URL.Query().Get("source"))
+		assert.Equal(t, wecomQRSourceID, r.URL.Query().Get("sourceID"))
+		assert.Equal(t, strconv.Itoa(wecomPlatformCode()), r.URL.Query().Get("plat"))
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"data":{"scode":"scode-1","auth_url":"https://example.com/qr"}}`))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	opts := normalizeWeComQRFlowOptions(wecomQRFlowOptions{
+		HTTPClient:  server.Client(),
+		GenerateURL: server.URL + "/generate",
+		Writer:      bytes.NewBuffer(nil),
+	})
+
+	session, err := fetchWeComQRCode(context.Background(), opts)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "scode-1", session.SCode)
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://example.com/qr", session.AuthURL)
+}
+
+func TestPollWeComQRCodeResult(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls atomic.Int32
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		call := calls.Add(1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "/query", r.URL.Path)
+		assert.Equal(t, "scode-1", r.URL.Query().Get("scode"))
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		switch call {
+		case 1:
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"data":{"status":"wait"}}`))
+		case 2:
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"data":{"status":"scaned"}}`))
+		default:
+			_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"data":{"status":"success","bot_info":{"botid":"bot-1","secret":"secret-1"}}}`))
+		}
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	var output bytes.Buffer
+	opts := normalizeWeComQRFlowOptions(wecomQRFlowOptions{
+		HTTPClient:   server.Client(),
+		QueryURL:     server.URL + "/query",
+		PollInterval: time.Millisecond,
+		PollTimeout:  time.Second,
+		Writer:       &output,
+	})
+
+	botInfo, err := pollWeComQRCodeResult(context.Background(), opts, "scode-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "bot-1", botInfo.BotID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "secret-1", botInfo.Secret)
+	assert.Contains(t, output.String(), "QR code scanned. Confirm the login in WeCom.")
+}
+
+func TestApplyWeComAuthResult(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Channels.WeCom.WebSocketURL = ""
+
+	applyWeComAuthResult(cfg, wecomQRBotInfo{
+		BotID:  "bot-1",
+		Secret: "secret-1",
+	})
+
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Channels.WeCom.Enabled)
+	assert.Equal(t, "bot-1", cfg.Channels.WeCom.BotID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "secret-1", cfg.Channels.WeCom.Secret())
+	assert.Equal(t, wecomDefaultWebSocketURL, cfg.Channels.WeCom.WebSocketURL)
+}
+
+func TestAuthWeComCmdWithScanner(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+
+	t.Setenv(config.EnvHome, tmpDir)
+	t.Setenv(config.EnvConfig, configPath)
+
+	var output bytes.Buffer
+	err := authWeComCmdWithScanner(
+		context.Background(),
+		&output,
+		time.Second,
+		func(_ context.Context, opts wecomQRFlowOptions) (wecomQRBotInfo, error) {
+			assert.Equal(t, wecomQRSourceID, opts.SourceID)
+			return wecomQRBotInfo{
+				BotID:  "bot-1",
+				Secret: "secret-1",
+			}, nil
+		},
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(internal.GetConfigPath())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Channels.WeCom.Enabled)
+	assert.Equal(t, "bot-1", cfg.Channels.WeCom.BotID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "secret-1", cfg.Channels.WeCom.Secret())
+	assert.Equal(t, wecomDefaultWebSocketURL, cfg.Channels.WeCom.WebSocketURL)
+	assert.Contains(t, output.String(), "WeCom connected.")
+}
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/weixin.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/weixin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..948a81495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/auth/weixin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/cmd/picoclaw/internal"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/weixin"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+func newWeixinCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	var baseURL string
+	var proxy string
+	var timeout int
+
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "weixin",
+		Short: "Connect a WeChat personal account via QR code",
+		Long: `Start the interactive Weixin (WeChat personal) QR code login flow.
+
+A QR code is displayed in the terminal. Scan it with the WeChat mobile app
+to authorize your account. On success, the bot token is saved to the picoclaw
+config so you can start the gateway immediately.
+
+Example:
+  picoclaw auth weixin`,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+			return runWeixinOnboard(baseURL, proxy, time.Duration(timeout)*time.Second)
+		},
+	}
+
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&baseURL, "base-url", "https://ilinkai.weixin.qq.com/", "iLink API base URL")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&proxy, "proxy", "", "HTTP proxy URL (e.g. http://localhost:7890)")
+	cmd.Flags().IntVar(&timeout, "timeout", 300, "Login timeout in seconds")
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func runWeixinOnboard(baseURL, proxy string, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	fmt.Println("Starting Weixin (WeChat personal) login...")
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	botToken, userID, accountID, returnedBaseURL, err := weixin.PerformLoginInteractive(
+		context.Background(),
+		weixin.AuthFlowOpts{
+			BaseURL: baseURL,
+			Timeout: timeout,
+			Proxy:   proxy,
+		},
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("login failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println("✅ Login successful!")
+	fmt.Printf("   Account ID : %s\n", accountID)
+	if userID != "" {
+		fmt.Printf("   User ID    : %s\n", userID)
+	}
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// Prefer the server-returned base URL (may be region-specific)
+	effectiveBaseURL := returnedBaseURL
+	if effectiveBaseURL == "" {
+		effectiveBaseURL = baseURL
+	}
+
+	if err := saveWeixinConfig(botToken, effectiveBaseURL, proxy); err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("⚠️  Could not auto-save to config: %v\n", err)
+		printManualWeixinConfig(botToken, effectiveBaseURL)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("✓ Config updated. Start the gateway with:")
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println("  picoclaw gateway")
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println("To restrict which WeChat users can send messages, add their user IDs")
+	fmt.Println("to channels.weixin.allow_from in your config.")
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// saveWeixinConfig patches channels.weixin in the config and saves it.
+func saveWeixinConfig(token, baseURL, proxy string) error {
+	cfgPath := internal.GetConfigPath()
+
+	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(cfgPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg.Channels.Weixin.Enabled = true
+	cfg.Channels.Weixin.SetToken(token)
+	const defaultBase = "https://ilinkai.weixin.qq.com/"
+	if baseURL != "" && baseURL != defaultBase {
+		cfg.Channels.Weixin.BaseURL = baseURL
+	}
+	if proxy != "" {
+		cfg.Channels.Weixin.Proxy = proxy
+	}
+
+	return config.SaveConfig(cfgPath, cfg)
+}
+
+func printManualWeixinConfig(token, baseURL string) {
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println("Add the following to the channels section of your picoclaw config:")
+	fmt.Println()
+	fmt.Println(`  "weixin": {`)
+	fmt.Println(`    "enabled": true,`)
+	fmt.Printf("    \"token\": %q,\n", token)
+	const defaultBase = "https://ilinkai.weixin.qq.com/"
+	if baseURL != "" && baseURL != defaultBase {
+		fmt.Printf("    \"base_url\": %q,\n", baseURL)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(`    "allow_from": []`)
+	fmt.Println(`  }`)
+}
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/gateway/command.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/gateway/command.go
index 4812f1bee..7fa588c5c 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/gateway/command.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/gateway/command.go
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func NewGatewayCommand() *cobra.Command {
 			return nil
 		},
 		RunE: func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
-			return gateway.Run(debug, internal.GetConfigPath(), allowEmpty)
+			return gateway.Run(debug, internal.GetPicoclawHome(), internal.GetConfigPath(), allowEmpty)
 		},
 	}
 
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/helpers.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/helpers.go
index 6b2d65c91..17de88ccb 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/helpers.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/helpers.go
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
 )
 
-const Logo = "🦞"
+const Logo = pkg.Logo
 
 // GetPicoclawHome returns the picoclaw home directory.
 // Priority: $PICOCLAW_HOME > ~/.picoclaw
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ func GetPicoclawHome() string {
 		return home
 	}
 	home, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
-	return filepath.Join(home, ".picoclaw")
+	return filepath.Join(home, pkg.DefaultPicoClawHome)
 }
 
 func GetConfigPath() string {
@@ -27,7 +29,12 @@ func GetConfigPath() string {
 }
 
 func LoadConfig() (*config.Config, error) {
-	return config.LoadConfig(GetConfigPath())
+	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(GetConfigPath())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	logger.SetLevelFromString(cfg.Gateway.LogLevel)
+	return cfg, nil
 }
 
 // FormatVersion returns the version string with optional git commit
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/helpers_test.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/helpers_test.go
index 583751781..953da8886 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/helpers_test.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/helpers_test.go
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 )
 
 func TestGetConfigPath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -20,7 +22,7 @@ func TestGetConfigPath(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetConfigPath_WithPICOCLAW_HOME(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("PICOCLAW_HOME", "/custom/picoclaw")
+	t.Setenv(config.EnvHome, "/custom/picoclaw")
 	t.Setenv("HOME", "/tmp/home")
 
 	got := GetConfigPath()
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ func TestGetConfigPath_WithPICOCLAW_HOME(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGetConfigPath_WithPICOCLAW_CONFIG(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("PICOCLAW_CONFIG", "/custom/config.json")
-	t.Setenv("PICOCLAW_HOME", "/custom/picoclaw")
+	t.Setenv(config.EnvHome, "/custom/picoclaw")
 	t.Setenv("HOME", "/tmp/home")
 
 	got := GetConfigPath()
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/model/command.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/model/command.go
index cad106fd5..314259d0f 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/model/command.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/model/command.go
@@ -56,9 +56,6 @@ Note: 'local-model' is a special value for using a local VLLM server
 
 func showCurrentModel(cfg *config.Config) {
 	defaultModel := cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName
-	if defaultModel == "" {
-		defaultModel = cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model
-	}
 
 	if defaultModel == "" {
 		fmt.Println("No default model is currently set.")
@@ -78,16 +75,13 @@ func listAvailableModels(cfg *config.Config) {
 	}
 
 	defaultModel := cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName
-	if defaultModel == "" {
-		defaultModel = cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model
-	}
 
 	for _, model := range cfg.ModelList {
 		marker := "  "
 		if model.ModelName == defaultModel {
 			marker = "> "
 		}
-		if model.APIKey == "" {
+		if model.APIKey() == "" {
 			continue
 		}
 		fmt.Printf("%s- %s (%s)\n", marker, model.ModelName, model.Model)
@@ -98,7 +92,7 @@ func setDefaultModel(configPath string, cfg *config.Config, modelName string) er
 	// Validate that the model exists in model_list
 	modelFound := false
 	for _, model := range cfg.ModelList {
-		if model.APIKey != "" && model.ModelName == modelName {
+		if model.APIKey() != "" && model.ModelName == modelName {
 			modelFound = true
 			break
 		}
@@ -111,12 +105,8 @@ func setDefaultModel(configPath string, cfg *config.Config, modelName string) er
 	// Update the default model
 	// Clear old model field and set new model_name
 	oldModel := cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName
-	if oldModel == "" {
-		oldModel = cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model
-	}
 
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = modelName
-	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "" // Clear deprecated field
 
 	// Save config back to file
 	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/model/command_test.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/model/command_test.go
index 82943e4a6..6cbbf0b55 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/model/command_test.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/model/command_test.go
@@ -58,17 +58,24 @@ func TestNewModelCommand(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestShowCurrentModel_WithDefaultModel(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &config.Config{
+	cfg := (&config.Config{
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				ModelName: "gpt-4",
 			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "gpt-4", Model: "openai/gpt-4", APIKey: "test"},
-			{ModelName: "claude-3", Model: "anthropic/claude-3", APIKey: "test"},
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "gpt-4", Model: "openai/gpt-4"},
+			{ModelName: "claude-3", Model: "anthropic/claude-3"},
 		},
-	}
+	}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+		"gpt-4": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+		"claude-3": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+	}})
 
 	output := captureStdout(func() {
 		showCurrentModel(cfg)
@@ -81,17 +88,20 @@ func TestShowCurrentModel_WithDefaultModel(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestShowCurrentModel_NoDefaultModel(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &config.Config{
+	cfg := (&config.Config{
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				ModelName: "",
-				Model:     "",
 			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "gpt-4", Model: "openai/gpt-4", APIKey: "test"},
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "gpt-4", Model: "openai/gpt-4"},
 		},
-	}
+	}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+		"gpt-4": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+	}})
 
 	output := captureStdout(func() {
 		showCurrentModel(cfg)
@@ -101,26 +111,9 @@ func TestShowCurrentModel_NoDefaultModel(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, output, "Available models in your config:")
 }
 
-func TestShowCurrentModel_BackwardCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &config.Config{
-		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
-			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
-				Model: "legacy-model",
-			},
-		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{},
-	}
-
-	output := captureStdout(func() {
-		showCurrentModel(cfg)
-	})
-
-	assert.Contains(t, output, "Current default model: legacy-model")
-}
-
 func TestListAvailableModels_Empty(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := &config.Config{
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{},
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{},
 	}
 
 	output := captureStdout(func() {
@@ -131,18 +124,25 @@ func TestListAvailableModels_Empty(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestListAvailableModels_WithModels(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &config.Config{
+	cfg := (&config.Config{
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				ModelName: "gpt-4",
 			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "gpt-4", Model: "openai/gpt-4", APIKey: "test"},
-			{ModelName: "claude-3", Model: "anthropic/claude-3", APIKey: "test"},
-			{ModelName: "no-key-model", Model: "openai/test", APIKey: ""},
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "gpt-4", Model: "openai/gpt-4"},
+			{ModelName: "claude-3", Model: "anthropic/claude-3"},
+			{ModelName: "no-key-model", Model: "openai/test"},
 		},
-	}
+	}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+		"gpt-4": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+		"claude-3": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+	}})
 
 	output := captureStdout(func() {
 		listAvailableModels(cfg)
@@ -157,17 +157,24 @@ func TestListAvailableModels_WithModels(t *testing.T) {
 func TestSetDefaultModel_ValidModel(t *testing.T) {
 	initTest(t)
 
-	cfg := &config.Config{
+	cfg := (&config.Config{
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				ModelName: "old-model",
 			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "new-model", Model: "openai/new-model", APIKey: "test"},
-			{ModelName: "old-model", Model: "openai/old-model", APIKey: "test"},
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "new-model", Model: "openai/new-model"},
+			{ModelName: "old-model", Model: "openai/old-model"},
 		},
-	}
+	}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+		"new-model": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+		"old-model": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+	}})
 
 	output := captureStdout(func() {
 		err := setDefaultModel(configPath, cfg, "new-model")
@@ -180,44 +187,25 @@ func TestSetDefaultModel_ValidModel(t *testing.T) {
 	updatedCfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "new-model", updatedCfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName)
-	assert.Empty(t, updatedCfg.Agents.Defaults.Model)
-}
-
-func TestSetDefaultModel_LegacyModelField(t *testing.T) {
-	initTest(t)
-
-	cfg := &config.Config{
-		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
-			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
-				Model: "legacy-old",
-			},
-		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "new-model", Model: "openai/new-model", APIKey: "test"},
-		},
-	}
-
-	output := captureStdout(func() {
-		err := setDefaultModel(configPath, cfg, "new-model")
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-	})
-
-	assert.Contains(t, output, "Default model changed from 'legacy-old' to 'new-model'")
 }
 
 func TestSetDefaultModel_InvalidModel(t *testing.T) {
 	initTest(t)
 
-	cfg := &config.Config{
+	cfg := (&config.Config{
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				ModelName: "existing-model",
 			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "existing-model", Model: "openai/existing", APIKey: "test"},
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "existing-model", Model: "openai/existing"},
 		},
-	}
+	}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+		"existing-model": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+	}})
 
 	assert.Error(t, setDefaultModel(configPath, cfg, "nonexistent-model"))
 }
@@ -225,17 +213,24 @@ func TestSetDefaultModel_InvalidModel(t *testing.T) {
 func TestSetDefaultModel_ModelWithoutAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
 	initTest(t)
 
-	cfg := &config.Config{
+	cfg := (&config.Config{
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				ModelName: "existing-model",
 			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "existing-model", Model: "openai/existing", APIKey: "test"},
-			{ModelName: "no-key-model", Model: "openai/nokey", APIKey: ""},
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "existing-model", Model: "openai/existing"},
+			{ModelName: "no-key-model", Model: "openai/nokey"},
 		},
-	}
+	}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+		"existing-model": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+		"no-key-model": {
+			APIKeys: []string{""},
+		},
+	}})
 
 	assert.Error(t, setDefaultModel(configPath, cfg, "no-key-model"))
 }
@@ -244,16 +239,20 @@ func TestSetDefaultModel_SaveConfigError(t *testing.T) {
 	// Use an invalid path to trigger save error
 	invalidPath := "/nonexistent/directory/config.json"
 
-	cfg := &config.Config{
+	cfg := (&config.Config{
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				ModelName: "old-model",
 			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "new-model", Model: "openai/new-model", APIKey: "test"},
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "new-model", Model: "openai/new-model"},
 		},
-	}
+	}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+		"new-model": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+	}})
 
 	err := setDefaultModel(invalidPath, cfg, "new-model")
 
@@ -285,16 +284,20 @@ func TestModelCommandExecution_Show(t *testing.T) {
 	initTest(t)
 
 	// Create a test config
-	cfg := &config.Config{
+	cfg := (&config.Config{
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				ModelName: "test-model",
 			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "test-model", Model: "openai/test", APIKey: "test"},
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "test-model", Model: "openai/test"},
 		},
-	}
+	}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+		"test-model": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+	}})
 
 	err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -312,17 +315,25 @@ func TestModelCommandExecution_Show(t *testing.T) {
 func TestModelCommandExecution_Set(t *testing.T) {
 	initTest(t)
 
-	cfg := &config.Config{
+	sec := &config.SecurityConfig{ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+		"old-model": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+		"new-model": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+	}}
+	cfg := (&config.Config{
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				ModelName: "old-model",
 			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "old-model", Model: "openai/old", APIKey: "test"},
-			{ModelName: "new-model", Model: "openai/new", APIKey: "test"},
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "old-model", Model: "openai/old"},
+			{ModelName: "new-model", Model: "openai/new"},
 		},
-	}
+	}).WithSecurity(sec)
 
 	err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -346,18 +357,28 @@ func TestModelCommandExecution_TooManyArgs(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestListAvailableModels_MarkerLogic(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &config.Config{
+	cfg := (&config.Config{
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				ModelName: "middle-model",
 			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "first-model", Model: "openai/first", APIKey: "test"},
-			{ModelName: "middle-model", Model: "openai/middle", APIKey: "test"},
-			{ModelName: "last-model", Model: "openai/last", APIKey: "test"},
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "first-model", Model: "openai/first"},
+			{ModelName: "middle-model", Model: "openai/middle"},
+			{ModelName: "last-model", Model: "openai/last"},
 		},
-	}
+	}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+		"first-model": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+		"middle-model": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+		"last-model": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"test"},
+		},
+	}})
 
 	output := captureStdout(func() {
 		listAvailableModels(cfg)
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/onboard/command.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/onboard/command.go
index 9f8b288c6..4be19b2a5 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/onboard/command.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/onboard/command.go
@@ -17,8 +17,13 @@ func NewOnboardCommand() *cobra.Command {
 		Use:     "onboard",
 		Aliases: []string{"o"},
 		Short:   "Initialize picoclaw configuration and workspace",
+		// Run without subcommands → original onboard flow
 		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-			onboard(encrypt)
+			if len(args) == 0 {
+				onboard(encrypt)
+			} else {
+				_ = cmd.Help()
+			}
 		},
 	}
 
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/onboard/helpers_test.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/onboard/helpers_test.go
index f3e0c92e0..23fc97c5a 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/onboard/helpers_test.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/onboard/helpers_test.go
@@ -6,20 +6,32 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
-func TestCopyEmbeddedToTargetUsesAgentsMarkdown(t *testing.T) {
+func TestCopyEmbeddedToTargetUsesStructuredAgentFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	targetDir := t.TempDir()
 
 	if err := copyEmbeddedToTarget(targetDir); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("copyEmbeddedToTarget() error = %v", err)
 	}
 
-	agentsPath := filepath.Join(targetDir, "AGENTS.md")
-	if _, err := os.Stat(agentsPath); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected %s to exist: %v", agentsPath, err)
+	agentPath := filepath.Join(targetDir, "AGENT.md")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(agentPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %s to exist: %v", agentPath, err)
 	}
 
-	legacyPath := filepath.Join(targetDir, "AGENT.md")
-	if _, err := os.Stat(legacyPath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		t.Fatalf("expected legacy file %s to be absent, got err=%v", legacyPath, err)
+	soulPath := filepath.Join(targetDir, "SOUL.md")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(soulPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %s to exist: %v", soulPath, err)
+	}
+
+	userPath := filepath.Join(targetDir, "USER.md")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(userPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %s to exist: %v", userPath, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, legacyName := range []string{"AGENTS.md", "IDENTITY.md"} {
+		legacyPath := filepath.Join(targetDir, legacyName)
+		if _, err := os.Stat(legacyPath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			t.Fatalf("expected legacy file %s to be absent, got err=%v", legacyPath, err)
+		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/skills/command.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/skills/command.go
index 8c666b810..4f64ef3f9 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/skills/command.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/skills/command.go
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func NewSkillsCommand() *cobra.Command {
 			d.workspace = cfg.WorkspacePath()
 			installer, err := skills.NewSkillInstaller(
 				d.workspace,
-				cfg.Tools.Skills.Github.Token,
+				cfg.Tools.Skills.Github.Token(),
 				cfg.Tools.Skills.Github.Proxy,
 			)
 			if err != nil {
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/skills/helpers.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/skills/helpers.go
index a59a2013a..a246f7da5 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/skills/helpers.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/skills/helpers.go
@@ -64,9 +64,20 @@ func skillsInstallFromRegistry(cfg *config.Config, registryName, slug string) er
 
 	fmt.Printf("Installing skill '%s' from %s registry...\n", slug, registryName)
 
+	clawHubConfig := cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub
 	registryMgr := skills.NewRegistryManagerFromConfig(skills.RegistryConfig{
 		MaxConcurrentSearches: cfg.Tools.Skills.MaxConcurrentSearches,
-		ClawHub:               skills.ClawHubConfig(cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub),
+		ClawHub: skills.ClawHubConfig{
+			Enabled:         clawHubConfig.Enabled,
+			BaseURL:         clawHubConfig.BaseURL,
+			AuthToken:       clawHubConfig.AuthToken(),
+			SearchPath:      clawHubConfig.SearchPath,
+			SkillsPath:      clawHubConfig.SkillsPath,
+			DownloadPath:    clawHubConfig.DownloadPath,
+			Timeout:         clawHubConfig.Timeout,
+			MaxZipSize:      clawHubConfig.MaxZipSize,
+			MaxResponseSize: clawHubConfig.MaxResponseSize,
+		},
 	})
 
 	registry := registryMgr.GetRegistry(registryName)
@@ -226,9 +237,20 @@ func skillsSearchCmd(query string) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	clawHubConfig := cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub
 	registryMgr := skills.NewRegistryManagerFromConfig(skills.RegistryConfig{
 		MaxConcurrentSearches: cfg.Tools.Skills.MaxConcurrentSearches,
-		ClawHub:               skills.ClawHubConfig(cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub),
+		ClawHub: skills.ClawHubConfig{
+			Enabled:         clawHubConfig.Enabled,
+			BaseURL:         clawHubConfig.BaseURL,
+			AuthToken:       clawHubConfig.AuthToken(),
+			SearchPath:      clawHubConfig.SearchPath,
+			SkillsPath:      clawHubConfig.SkillsPath,
+			DownloadPath:    clawHubConfig.DownloadPath,
+			Timeout:         clawHubConfig.Timeout,
+			MaxZipSize:      clawHubConfig.MaxZipSize,
+			MaxResponseSize: clawHubConfig.MaxResponseSize,
+		},
 	})
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
diff --git a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/status/helpers.go b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/status/helpers.go
index dd7063fe6..43c5786a8 100644
--- a/cmd/picoclaw/internal/status/helpers.go
+++ b/cmd/picoclaw/internal/status/helpers.go
@@ -42,48 +42,6 @@ func statusCmd() {
 	if _, err := os.Stat(configPath); err == nil {
 		fmt.Printf("Model: %s\n", cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetModelName())
 
-		hasOpenRouter := cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIKey != ""
-		hasAnthropic := cfg.Providers.Anthropic.APIKey != ""
-		hasOpenAI := cfg.Providers.OpenAI.APIKey != ""
-		hasGemini := cfg.Providers.Gemini.APIKey != ""
-		hasZhipu := cfg.Providers.Zhipu.APIKey != ""
-		hasQwen := cfg.Providers.Qwen.APIKey != ""
-		hasGroq := cfg.Providers.Groq.APIKey != ""
-		hasVLLM := cfg.Providers.VLLM.APIBase != ""
-		hasMoonshot := cfg.Providers.Moonshot.APIKey != ""
-		hasDeepSeek := cfg.Providers.DeepSeek.APIKey != ""
-		hasVolcEngine := cfg.Providers.VolcEngine.APIKey != ""
-		hasNvidia := cfg.Providers.Nvidia.APIKey != ""
-		hasOllama := cfg.Providers.Ollama.APIBase != ""
-
-		status := func(enabled bool) string {
-			if enabled {
-				return "✓"
-			}
-			return "not set"
-		}
-		fmt.Println("OpenRouter API:", status(hasOpenRouter))
-		fmt.Println("Anthropic API:", status(hasAnthropic))
-		fmt.Println("OpenAI API:", status(hasOpenAI))
-		fmt.Println("Gemini API:", status(hasGemini))
-		fmt.Println("Zhipu API:", status(hasZhipu))
-		fmt.Println("Qwen API:", status(hasQwen))
-		fmt.Println("Groq API:", status(hasGroq))
-		fmt.Println("Moonshot API:", status(hasMoonshot))
-		fmt.Println("DeepSeek API:", status(hasDeepSeek))
-		fmt.Println("VolcEngine API:", status(hasVolcEngine))
-		fmt.Println("Nvidia API:", status(hasNvidia))
-		if hasVLLM {
-			fmt.Printf("vLLM/Local: ✓ %s\n", cfg.Providers.VLLM.APIBase)
-		} else {
-			fmt.Println("vLLM/Local: not set")
-		}
-		if hasOllama {
-			fmt.Printf("Ollama: ✓ %s\n", cfg.Providers.Ollama.APIBase)
-		} else {
-			fmt.Println("Ollama: not set")
-		}
-
 		store, _ := auth.LoadStore()
 		if store != nil && len(store.Credentials) > 0 {
 			fmt.Println("\nOAuth/Token Auth:")
diff --git a/config/config.example.json b/config/config.example.json
index 81c9014ec..ff2969dcb 100644
--- a/config/config.example.json
+++ b/config/config.example.json
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@
       "restrict_to_workspace": true,
       "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
       "max_tokens": 8192,
+      "context_window": 131072,
       "temperature": 0.7,
       "max_tool_iterations": 20,
       "summarize_message_threshold": 20,
       "summarize_token_percent": 75,
+      "split_on_marker": false,
       "tool_feedback": {
         "enabled": false,
         "max_args_length": 300
@@ -128,6 +130,10 @@
       "encrypt_key": "",
       "verification_token": "",
       "allow_from": [],
+      "placeholder": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "text": ["Thinking...", "Processing...", "Typing..."]
+      },
       "reasoning_channel_id": "",
       "random_reaction_emoji": [],
       "is_lark": false
@@ -159,9 +165,11 @@
       },
       "placeholder": {
         "enabled": true,
-        "text": "Thinking... 💭"
+        "text": ["Thinking...", "Processing...", "Typing..."]
       },
-      "reasoning_channel_id": ""
+      "reasoning_channel_id": "",
+      "crypto_database_path": "",
+      "crypto_passphrase": "YOUR_MATRIX_CRYPTO_PICKLE_KEY"
     },
     "line": {
       "enabled": false,
@@ -181,39 +189,13 @@
       "reasoning_channel_id": ""
     },
     "wecom": {
-      "_comment": "WeCom Bot - Easier setup, supports group chats",
-      "enabled": false,
-      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
-      "encoding_aes_key": "YOUR_43_CHAR_ENCODING_AES_KEY",
-      "webhook_url": "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=YOUR_KEY",
-      "webhook_path": "/webhook/wecom",
-      "allow_from": [],
-      "reply_timeout": 5,
-      "reasoning_channel_id": ""
-    },
-    "wecom_app": {
-      "_comment": "WeCom App (自建应用) - More features, proactive messaging, private chat only.",
-      "enabled": false,
-      "corp_id": "YOUR_CORP_ID",
-      "corp_secret": "YOUR_CORP_SECRET",
-      "agent_id": 1000002,
-      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
-      "encoding_aes_key": "YOUR_43_CHAR_ENCODING_AES_KEY",
-      "webhook_path": "/webhook/wecom-app",
-      "allow_from": [],
-      "reply_timeout": 5,
-      "reasoning_channel_id": ""
-    },
-    "wecom_aibot": {
-      "_comment": "WeCom AI Bot (智能机器人) - Official WeCom AI Bot integration, supports proactive messaging and private chats.",
+      "_comment": "WeCom AI Bot over WebSocket.",
       "enabled": false,
       "bot_id": "YOUR_BOT_ID",
       "secret": "YOUR_SECRET",
-      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
-      "encoding_aes_key": "YOUR_43_CHAR_ENCODING_AES_KEY",
-      "webhook_path": "/webhook/wecom-aibot",
-      "max_steps": 10,
-      "welcome_message": "Hello! I'm your AI assistant. How can I help you today?",
+      "websocket_url": "wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com",
+      "send_thinking_message": true,
+      "allow_from": [],
       "reasoning_channel_id": ""
     },
     "pico": {
@@ -246,13 +228,8 @@
       "nickserv_password": "",
       "sasl_user": "",
       "sasl_password": "",
-      "channels": [
-        "#mychannel"
-      ],
-      "request_caps": [
-        "server-time",
-        "message-tags"
-      ],
+      "channels": ["#mychannel"],
+      "request_caps": ["server-time", "message-tags"],
       "allow_from": [],
       "group_trigger": {
         "mention_only": true
@@ -263,79 +240,6 @@
       "reasoning_channel_id": ""
     }
   },
-  "providers": {
-    "_comment": "DEPRECATED: Use model_list instead. This will be removed in a future version",
-    "anthropic": {
-      "api_key": "",
-      "api_base": ""
-    },
-    "openai": {
-      "api_key": "",
-      "api_base": "",
-      "web_search": true
-    },
-    "openrouter": {
-      "api_key": "sk-or-v1-xxx",
-      "api_base": ""
-    },
-    "groq": {
-      "api_key": "gsk_xxx",
-      "api_base": ""
-    },
-    "zhipu": {
-      "api_key": "YOUR_ZHIPU_API_KEY",
-      "api_base": ""
-    },
-    "gemini": {
-      "api_key": "",
-      "api_base": ""
-    },
-    "vllm": {
-      "api_key": "",
-      "api_base": ""
-    },
-    "nvidia": {
-      "api_key": "nvapi-xxx",
-      "api_base": "",
-      "proxy": "http://127.0.0.1:7890"
-    },
-    "moonshot": {
-      "api_key": "sk-xxx",
-      "api_base": ""
-    },
-    "qwen": {
-      "api_key": "sk-xxx",
-      "api_base": ""
-    },
-    "ollama": {
-      "api_key": "",
-      "api_base": "http://localhost:11434/v1"
-    },
-    "cerebras": {
-      "api_key": "",
-      "api_base": ""
-    },
-    "volcengine": {
-      "api_key": "",
-      "api_base": ""
-    },
-    "mistral": {
-      "api_key": "",
-      "api_base": "https://api.mistral.ai/v1"
-    },
-    "avian": {
-      "api_key": "",
-      "api_base": "https://api.avian.io/v1"
-    },
-    "longcat": {
-      "api_key": "",
-      "api_base": "https://api.longcat.chat/openai"
-    },
-    "modelscope": {
-      "api_key": "",
-      "api_base": "https://api-inference.modelscope.cn/v1"
-    }
-  },
   "tools": {
     "allow_read_paths": null,
     "allow_write_paths": null,
@@ -347,9 +251,7 @@
       "brave": {
         "enabled": false,
         "api_key": "YOUR_BRAVE_API_KEY",
-        "api_keys": [
-          "YOUR_BRAVE_API_KEY"
-        ],
+        "api_keys": ["YOUR_BRAVE_API_KEY"],
         "max_results": 5
       },
       "tavily": {
@@ -365,9 +267,7 @@
       "perplexity": {
         "enabled": false,
         "api_key": "pplx-xxx",
-        "api_keys": [
-          "pplx-xxx"
-        ],
+        "api_keys": ["pplx-xxx"],
         "max_results": 5
       },
       "searxng": {
@@ -382,6 +282,12 @@
         "search_engine": "search_std",
         "max_results": 5
       },
+      "baidu_search": {
+        "enabled": false,
+        "api_key": "",
+        "base_url": "https://qianfan.baidubce.com/v2/ai_search/web_search",
+        "max_results": 10
+      },
       "fetch_limit_bytes": 10485760,
       "private_host_whitelist": []
     },
@@ -410,19 +316,12 @@
         "filesystem": {
           "enabled": false,
           "command": "npx",
-          "args": [
-            "-y",
-            "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem",
-            "/tmp"
-          ]
+          "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/tmp"]
         },
         "github": {
           "enabled": false,
           "command": "npx",
-          "args": [
-            "-y",
-            "@modelcontextprotocol/server-github"
-          ],
+          "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-github"],
           "env": {
             "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "YOUR_GITHUB_TOKEN"
           }
@@ -430,10 +329,7 @@
         "brave-search": {
           "enabled": false,
           "command": "npx",
-          "args": [
-            "-y",
-            "@modelcontextprotocol/server-brave-search"
-          ],
+          "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-brave-search"],
           "env": {
             "BRAVE_API_KEY": "YOUR_BRAVE_API_KEY"
           }
@@ -450,10 +346,7 @@
         "slack": {
           "enabled": false,
           "command": "npx",
-          "args": [
-            "-y",
-            "@modelcontextprotocol/server-slack"
-          ],
+          "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-slack"],
           "env": {
             "SLACK_BOT_TOKEN": "YOUR_SLACK_BOT_TOKEN",
             "SLACK_TEAM_ID": "YOUR_SLACK_TEAM_ID"
@@ -546,11 +439,22 @@
     "monitor_usb": true
   },
   "voice": {
+    "model_name": "",
     "echo_transcription": false
   },
+  "hooks": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "defaults": {
+      "observer_timeout_ms": 500,
+      "interceptor_timeout_ms": 5000,
+      "approval_timeout_ms": 60000
+    }
+  },
   "gateway": {
+    "_comment": "Default log level is set to 'fatal'. Other available options are 'debug', 'info', 'warn' and 'error'.",
     "host": "127.0.0.1",
     "port": 18790,
-    "hot_reload": false
+    "hot_reload": false,
+    "log_level": "fatal"
   }
 }
diff --git a/docs/agent-refactor/context.md b/docs/agent-refactor/context.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2269d9258
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-refactor/context.md
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# Context
+
+## What this document covers
+
+This document makes explicit the boundaries of context management in the agent loop:
+
+- what fills the context window and how space is divided
+- what is stored in session history vs. built at request time
+- when and how context compression happens
+- how token budgets are estimated
+
+These are existing concepts. This document clarifies their boundaries rather than introducing new ones.
+
+---
+
+## Context window regions
+
+The context window is the model's total input capacity. Four regions fill it:
+
+| Region | Assembled by | Stored in session? |
+|---|---|---|
+| System prompt | `BuildMessages()` — static + dynamic parts | No |
+| Summary | `SetSummary()` stores it; `BuildMessages()` injects it | Separate from history |
+| Session history | User / assistant / tool messages | Yes |
+| Tool definitions | Provider adapter injects at call time | No |
+
+`MaxTokens` (the output generation limit) must also be reserved from the total budget.
+
+The available space for history is therefore:
+
+```
+history_budget = ContextWindow - system_prompt - summary - tool_definitions - MaxTokens
+```
+
+---
+
+## ContextWindow vs MaxTokens
+
+These serve different purposes:
+
+- **MaxTokens** — maximum tokens the LLM may generate in one response. Sent as the `max_tokens` request parameter.
+- **ContextWindow** — the model's total input context capacity.
+
+These were previously set to the same value, which caused the summarization threshold to fire either far too early (at the default 32K) or not at all (when a user raised `max_tokens`).
+
+Current default when not explicitly configured: `ContextWindow = MaxTokens * 4`.
+
+---
+
+## Session history
+
+Session history stores only conversation messages:
+
+- `user` — user input
+- `assistant` — LLM response (may include `ToolCalls`)
+- `tool` — tool execution results
+
+Session history does **not** contain:
+
+- System prompts — assembled at request time by `BuildMessages`
+- Summary content — stored separately via `SetSummary`, injected by `BuildMessages`
+
+This distinction matters: any code that operates on session history — compression, boundary detection, token estimation — must not assume a system message is present.
+
+---
+
+## Turn
+
+A **Turn** is one complete cycle:
+
+> user message -> LLM iterations (possibly including tool calls) -> final assistant response
+
+This definition comes from the agent loop design (#1316). In session history, Turn boundaries are identified by `user`-role messages.
+
+Turn is the atomic unit for compression. Cutting inside a Turn can orphan tool-call sequences — an assistant message with `ToolCalls` separated from its corresponding `tool` results. Compressing at Turn boundaries avoids this by construction.
+
+`parseTurnBoundaries(history)` returns the starting index of each Turn.
+`findSafeBoundary(history, targetIndex)` snaps a target cut point to the nearest Turn boundary.
+
+---
+
+## Compression paths
+
+Three compression paths exist, in order of preference:
+
+### 1. Async summarization
+
+`maybeSummarize` runs after each Turn completes.
+
+Triggers when message count exceeds a threshold, or when estimated history tokens exceed a percentage of `ContextWindow`. If triggered, a background goroutine calls the LLM to produce a summary of the oldest messages. The summary is stored via `SetSummary`; `BuildMessages` injects it into the system prompt on the next call.
+
+Cut point uses `findSafeBoundary` so no Turn is split.
+
+### 2. Proactive budget check
+
+`isOverContextBudget` runs before each LLM call.
+
+Uses the full budget formula: `message_tokens + tool_def_tokens + MaxTokens > ContextWindow`. If over budget, triggers `forceCompression` and rebuilds messages before calling the LLM.
+
+This prevents wasted (and billed) LLM calls that would otherwise fail with a context-window error.
+
+### 3. Emergency compression (reactive)
+
+`forceCompression` runs when the LLM returns a context-window error despite the proactive check.
+
+Drops the oldest ~50% of Turns. If the history is a single Turn with no safe split point (e.g. one user message followed by a massive tool response), falls back to keeping only the most recent user message — breaking Turn atomicity as a last resort to avoid a context-exceeded loop.
+
+Stores a compression note in the session summary (not in history messages) so `BuildMessages` can include it in the next system prompt.
+
+This is the fallback for when the token estimate undershoots reality.
+
+---
+
+## Token estimation
+
+Estimation uses a heuristic of ~2.5 characters per token (`chars * 2 / 5`).
+
+`estimateMessageTokens` counts:
+
+- `Content` (rune count, for multibyte correctness)
+- `ReasoningContent` (extended thinking / chain-of-thought)
+- `ToolCalls` — ID, type, function name, arguments
+- `ToolCallID` (tool result metadata)
+- Per-message overhead (role label, JSON structure)
+- `Media` items — flat per-item token estimate, added directly to the final count (not through the character heuristic, since actual cost depends on resolution and provider-specific image tokenization)
+
+`estimateToolDefsTokens` counts tool definition overhead: name, description, JSON schema of parameters.
+
+These are deliberately heuristic. The proactive check handles the common case; the reactive path catches estimation errors.
+
+---
+
+## Interface boundaries
+
+Context budget functions (`parseTurnBoundaries`, `findSafeBoundary`, `estimateMessageTokens`, `isOverContextBudget`) are **pure functions**. They take `[]providers.Message` and integer parameters. They have no dependency on `AgentLoop` or any other runtime struct.
+
+`BuildMessages` is the sole assembler of the final message array sent to the LLM. Budget functions inform compression decisions but do not construct messages.
+
+`forceCompression` and `summarizeSession` mutate session state (history and summary). `BuildMessages` reads that state to construct context. The flow is:
+
+```
+budget check --> compression decision --> mutate session --> BuildMessages reads session --> LLM call
+```
+
+---
+
+## Known gaps
+
+These are recognized limitations in the current implementation, documented here for visibility:
+
+- **Summarization trigger does not use the full budget formula.** `maybeSummarize` compares estimated history tokens against a percentage of `ContextWindow`. It does not account for system prompt size, tool definition overhead, or `MaxTokens` reserve. The proactive check covers the critical path (preventing 400 errors), but the summarization trigger could be aligned with the same budget model for more accurate early compression.
+
+- **Token estimation is heuristic.** It does not account for provider-specific tokenization, exact system prompt size (assembled separately), or variable image token costs. The two-path design (proactive + reactive) is intended to tolerate this imprecision.
+
+- **Reactive retry does not preserve media.** When the reactive path rebuilds context after compression, it currently passes empty values for media references. This is a pre-existing issue in the main loop, not introduced by the budget system.
+
+---
+
+## What this document does not cover
+
+- How `AGENT.md` frontmatter configures context parameters — that is part of the Agent definition work
+- How the context builder assembles context in the new architecture — that is upcoming work
+- How compression events surface through the event system — that is part of the event model (#1316)
+- Subagent context isolation — that is a separate track
diff --git a/docs/channels/matrix/README.fr.md b/docs/channels/matrix/README.fr.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec762a8b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/channels/matrix/README.fr.md
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+> Retour au [README](../../../README.fr.md)
+
+# Guide de configuration du canal Matrix
+
+## 1. Exemple de configuration
+
+Ajoutez ceci à `config.json` :
+
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "matrix": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "homeserver": "https://matrix.org",
+      "user_id": "@your-bot:matrix.org",
+      "access_token": "YOUR_MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN",
+      "device_id": "",
+      "join_on_invite": true,
+      "allow_from": [],
+      "group_trigger": {
+        "mention_only": true
+      },
+      "placeholder": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "text": "Thinking..."
+      },
+      "reasoning_channel_id": "",
+      "message_format": "richtext"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## 2. Référence des champs
+
+| Champ                | Type     | Requis | Description |
+|----------------------|----------|--------|-------------|
+| enabled              | bool     | Oui    | Activer ou désactiver le canal Matrix |
+| homeserver           | string   | Oui    | URL du homeserver Matrix (par exemple `https://matrix.org`) |
+| user_id              | string   | Oui    | ID utilisateur Matrix du bot (par exemple `@bot:matrix.org`) |
+| access_token         | string   | Oui    | Jeton d'accès du bot |
+| device_id            | string   | Non    | ID d'appareil Matrix optionnel |
+| join_on_invite       | bool     | Non    | Rejoindre automatiquement les salons invités |
+| allow_from           | []string | Non    | Liste blanche d'utilisateurs (IDs Matrix) |
+| group_trigger        | object   | Non    | Stratégie de déclenchement de groupe (`mention_only` / `prefixes`) |
+| placeholder          | object   | Non    | Configuration du message de remplacement |
+| reasoning_channel_id | string   | Non    | Canal cible pour la sortie de raisonnement |
+| message_format       | string   | Non    | Format de sortie : `"richtext"` (défaut) rend le markdown en HTML ; `"plain"` envoie du texte brut uniquement |
+
+## 3. Fonctionnalités actuellement supportées
+
+- Envoi/réception de messages texte avec rendu markdown (gras, italique, titres, blocs de code, etc.)
+- Format de message configurable (`richtext` / `plain`)
+- Téléchargement d'images/audio/vidéo/fichiers entrants (MediaStore en priorité, chemin local en secours)
+- Normalisation de l'audio entrant dans le flux de transcription existant (`[audio: ...]`)
+- Upload et envoi d'images/audio/vidéo/fichiers sortants
+- Règles de déclenchement de groupe (y compris le mode mention uniquement)
+- État de frappe (`m.typing`)
+- Message de remplacement + remplacement de la réponse finale
+- Rejoindre automatiquement les salons invités (peut être désactivé)
+
+## 4. TODO
+
+- Améliorations des métadonnées des médias riches (par exemple taille et miniatures des images/vidéos)
diff --git a/docs/channels/matrix/README.ja.md b/docs/channels/matrix/README.ja.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5a773d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/channels/matrix/README.ja.md
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+> [README](../../../README.ja.md) に戻る
+
+# Matrix チャンネル設定ガイド
+
+## 1. 設定例
+
+`config.json` に以下を追加してください：
+
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "matrix": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "homeserver": "https://matrix.org",
+      "user_id": "@your-bot:matrix.org",
+      "access_token": "YOUR_MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN",
+      "device_id": "",
+      "join_on_invite": true,
+      "allow_from": [],
+      "group_trigger": {
+        "mention_only": true
+      },
+      "placeholder": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "text": "Thinking..."
+      },
+      "reasoning_channel_id": "",
+      "message_format": "richtext"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## 2. フィールドリファレンス
+
+| フィールド           | 型       | 必須 | 説明 |
+|----------------------|----------|------|------|
+| enabled              | bool     | はい | Matrix チャンネルの有効/無効 |
+| homeserver           | string   | はい | Matrix ホームサーバー URL（例：`https://matrix.org`） |
+| user_id              | string   | はい | ボットの Matrix ユーザー ID（例：`@bot:matrix.org`） |
+| access_token         | string   | はい | ボットのアクセストークン |
+| device_id            | string   | いいえ | オプションの Matrix デバイス ID |
+| join_on_invite       | bool     | いいえ | 招待されたルームに自動参加 |
+| allow_from           | []string | いいえ | ユーザーホワイトリスト（Matrix ユーザー ID） |
+| group_trigger        | object   | いいえ | グループトリガー戦略（`mention_only` / `prefixes`） |
+| placeholder          | object   | いいえ | プレースホルダーメッセージ設定 |
+| reasoning_channel_id | string   | いいえ | 推論出力のターゲットチャンネル |
+| message_format       | string   | いいえ | 出力形式：`"richtext"`（デフォルト）は markdown を HTML としてレンダリング；`"plain"` はプレーンテキストのみ送信 |
+
+## 3. 現在サポートされている機能
+
+- markdown レンダリング付きテキストメッセージ送受信（太字、斜体、見出し、コードブロックなど）
+- 設定可能なメッセージ形式（`richtext` / `plain`）
+- 受信画像/音声/動画/ファイルのダウンロード（MediaStore 優先、ローカルパスフォールバック）
+- 受信音声の既存文字起こしフローへの正規化（`[audio: ...]`）
+- 送信画像/音声/動画/ファイルのアップロードと送信
+- グループトリガールール（メンションのみモードを含む）
+- タイピング状態（`m.typing`）
+- プレースホルダーメッセージ + 最終返信の置き換え
+- 招待されたルームへの自動参加（無効化可能）
+
+## 4. TODO
+
+- リッチメディアメタデータの改善（例：画像/動画のサイズとサムネイル）
diff --git a/docs/channels/matrix/README.md b/docs/channels/matrix/README.md
index 233f5c0a3..baded984e 100644
--- a/docs/channels/matrix/README.md
+++ b/docs/channels/matrix/README.md
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+> Back to [README](../../../README.md)
+
 # Matrix Channel Configuration Guide
 
 ## 1. Example Configuration
@@ -20,10 +22,12 @@ Add this to `config.json`:
       },
       "placeholder": {
         "enabled": true,
-        "text": "Thinking..."
+        "text": ["Thinking...", "Processing...", "Typing..."]
       },
       "reasoning_channel_id": "",
-      "message_format": "richtext"
+      "message_format": "richtext",
+      "crypto_database_path": "",
+      "crypto_passphrase": "YOUR_MATRIX_CRYPTO_PICKLE_KEY"
     }
   }
 }
@@ -41,9 +45,18 @@ Add this to `config.json`:
 | join_on_invite       | bool     | No       | Auto-join invited rooms |
 | allow_from           | []string | No       | User whitelist (Matrix user IDs) |
 | group_trigger        | object   | No       | Group trigger strategy (`mention_only` / `prefixes`) |
-| placeholder          | object   | No       | Placeholder message config |
+| placeholder          | object   | No       | Placeholder message config (see below) |
 | reasoning_channel_id | string   | No       | Target channel for reasoning output |
 | message_format       | string   | No       | Output format: `"richtext"` (default) renders markdown as HTML; `"plain"` sends plain text only |
+| crypto_database_path | string   | No       | Path to store the crypto database (uses workspace path `~/.picoclaw/workspace` if empty) |
+| crypto_passphrase    | string   | No       | Serialization key for encrypting session keys in the database; must remain unchanged once set |
+
+### Placeholder Config
+
+| Field   | Type           | Required | Description |
+|---------|----------------|----------|-------------|
+| enabled | bool           | No       | Enable placeholder messages (default: false) |
+| text    | string/[]string | No       | Placeholder text(s). Can be a single string or array of strings. If multiple texts are provided, one is randomly selected at runtime. Default: "Thinking..." |
 
 ## 3. Currently Supported
 
@@ -56,6 +69,7 @@ Add this to `config.json`:
 - Typing state (`m.typing`)
 - Placeholder message + final reply replacement
 - Auto-join invited rooms (can be disabled)
+- End-to-end encryption (E2EE) support for encrypted messages
 
 ## 4. TODO
 
diff --git a/docs/channels/matrix/README.pt-br.md b/docs/channels/matrix/README.pt-br.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11a9aaa11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/channels/matrix/README.pt-br.md
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+> Voltar ao [README](../../../README.pt-br.md)
+
+# Guia de Configuração do Canal Matrix
+
+## 1. Exemplo de Configuração
+
+Adicione isto ao `config.json`:
+
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "matrix": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "homeserver": "https://matrix.org",
+      "user_id": "@your-bot:matrix.org",
+      "access_token": "YOUR_MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN",
+      "device_id": "",
+      "join_on_invite": true,
+      "allow_from": [],
+      "group_trigger": {
+        "mention_only": true
+      },
+      "placeholder": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "text": "Thinking..."
+      },
+      "reasoning_channel_id": "",
+      "message_format": "richtext"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## 2. Referência de Campos
+
+| Campo                | Tipo     | Obrigatório | Descrição |
+|----------------------|----------|-------------|-----------|
+| enabled              | bool     | Sim         | Habilitar ou desabilitar o canal Matrix |
+| homeserver           | string   | Sim         | URL do homeserver Matrix (por exemplo `https://matrix.org`) |
+| user_id              | string   | Sim         | ID de usuário Matrix do bot (por exemplo `@bot:matrix.org`) |
+| access_token         | string   | Sim         | Token de acesso do bot |
+| device_id            | string   | Não         | ID de dispositivo Matrix opcional |
+| join_on_invite       | bool     | Não         | Entrar automaticamente em salas convidadas |
+| allow_from           | []string | Não         | Lista branca de usuários (IDs Matrix) |
+| group_trigger        | object   | Não         | Estratégia de gatilho de grupo (`mention_only` / `prefixes`) |
+| placeholder          | object   | Não         | Configuração de mensagem de espaço reservado |
+| reasoning_channel_id | string   | Não         | Canal alvo para saída de raciocínio |
+| message_format       | string   | Não         | Formato de saída: `"richtext"` (padrão) renderiza markdown como HTML; `"plain"` envia apenas texto simples |
+
+## 3. Suporte Atual
+
+- Envio/recebimento de mensagens de texto com renderização markdown (negrito, itálico, cabeçalhos, blocos de código, etc.)
+- Formato de mensagem configurável (`richtext` / `plain`)
+- Download de imagens/áudio/vídeo/arquivos recebidos (MediaStore primeiro, fallback para caminho local)
+- Normalização de áudio recebido no fluxo de transcrição existente (`[audio: ...]`)
+- Upload e envio de imagens/áudio/vídeo/arquivos de saída
+- Regras de gatilho de grupo (incluindo modo somente menção)
+- Estado de digitação (`m.typing`)
+- Mensagem de espaço reservado + substituição de resposta final
+- Entrada automática em salas convidadas (pode ser desabilitado)
+
+## 4. TODO
+
+- Melhorias nos metadados de mídia rica (por exemplo tamanho e miniaturas de imagens/vídeos)
diff --git a/docs/channels/matrix/README.vi.md b/docs/channels/matrix/README.vi.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1272076f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/channels/matrix/README.vi.md
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+> Quay lại [README](../../../README.vi.md)
+
+# Hướng dẫn Cấu hình Kênh Matrix
+
+## 1. Cấu hình Mẫu
+
+Thêm vào `config.json`:
+
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "matrix": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "homeserver": "https://matrix.org",
+      "user_id": "@your-bot:matrix.org",
+      "access_token": "YOUR_MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN",
+      "device_id": "",
+      "join_on_invite": true,
+      "allow_from": [],
+      "group_trigger": {
+        "mention_only": true
+      },
+      "placeholder": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "text": "Thinking..."
+      },
+      "reasoning_channel_id": "",
+      "message_format": "richtext"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## 2. Tham chiếu Trường
+
+| Trường               | Kiểu     | Bắt buộc | Mô tả |
+|----------------------|----------|----------|-------|
+| enabled              | bool     | Có       | Bật hoặc tắt kênh Matrix |
+| homeserver           | string   | Có       | URL homeserver Matrix (ví dụ `https://matrix.org`) |
+| user_id              | string   | Có       | ID người dùng Matrix của bot (ví dụ `@bot:matrix.org`) |
+| access_token         | string   | Có       | Token truy cập của bot |
+| device_id            | string   | Không    | ID thiết bị Matrix tùy chọn |
+| join_on_invite       | bool     | Không    | Tự động tham gia phòng được mời |
+| allow_from           | []string | Không    | Danh sách trắng người dùng (ID Matrix) |
+| group_trigger        | object   | Không    | Chiến lược kích hoạt nhóm (`mention_only` / `prefixes`) |
+| placeholder          | object   | Không    | Cấu hình tin nhắn giữ chỗ |
+| reasoning_channel_id | string   | Không    | Kênh đích cho đầu ra suy luận |
+| message_format       | string   | Không    | Định dạng đầu ra: `"richtext"` (mặc định) render markdown thành HTML; `"plain"` chỉ gửi văn bản thuần |
+
+## 3. Tính năng Hiện tại
+
+- Gửi/nhận tin nhắn văn bản với render markdown (đậm, nghiêng, tiêu đề, khối code, v.v.)
+- Định dạng tin nhắn có thể cấu hình (`richtext` / `plain`)
+- Tải xuống hình ảnh/âm thanh/video/tệp đến (MediaStore trước, fallback đường dẫn cục bộ)
+- Chuẩn hóa âm thanh đến vào luồng phiên âm hiện có (`[audio: ...]`)
+- Tải lên và gửi hình ảnh/âm thanh/video/tệp đi
+- Quy tắc kích hoạt nhóm (bao gồm chế độ chỉ đề cập)
+- Trạng thái đang gõ (`m.typing`)
+- Tin nhắn giữ chỗ + thay thế phản hồi cuối cùng
+- Tự động tham gia phòng được mời (có thể tắt)
+
+## 4. TODO
+
+- Cải thiện metadata phương tiện phong phú (ví dụ kích thước và hình thu nhỏ hình ảnh/video)
diff --git a/docs/channels/matrix/README.zh.md b/docs/channels/matrix/README.zh.md
index 1f9e5bbe2..81afa550b 100644
--- a/docs/channels/matrix/README.zh.md
+++ b/docs/channels/matrix/README.zh.md
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+> 返回 [README](../../../README.zh.md)
+
 # Matrix 通道配置指南
 
 ## 1. 配置示例
@@ -20,9 +22,12 @@
       },
       "placeholder": {
         "enabled": true,
-        "text": "Thinking... 💭"
+        "text": ["Thinking...", "Processing...", "Typing..."]
       },
-      "reasoning_channel_id": ""
+      "reasoning_channel_id": "",
+      "message_format": "richtext",
+      "crypto_database_path": "",
+      "crypto_passphrase": "YOUR_MATRIX_CRYPTO_PICKLE_KEY"
     }
   }
 }
@@ -43,6 +48,15 @@
 | placeholder          | object   | 否   | 占位消息配置 |
 | reasoning_channel_id | string   | 否   | 思维链输出目标通道 |
 | message_format       | string   | 否   | 消息格式：`richtext`（富文本）或 `plain`（纯文本） |
+| crypto_database_path | string   | 否   | 加密数据库存储路径（为空时使用工作空间路径 `~/.picoclaw/workspace`） |
+| crypto_passphrase    | string   | 否   | 加密数据库中 session key 的序列化密钥；设置后不能更改 |
+
+### 占位消息配置 (Placeholder)
+
+| 字段    | 类型            | 必填 | 说明 |
+|---------|-----------------|------|------|
+| enabled | bool            | 否   | 是否启用占位消息（默认：false） |
+| text    | string/[]string | 否   | 占位文本。可以是单个字符串或字符串数组。如果提供多个文本，运行时会随机选择一个。默认："Thinking..." |
 
 ## 3. 当前支持
 
@@ -54,6 +68,7 @@
 - Typing 状态（`m.typing`）
 - 占位消息（`Thinking... 💭`）+ 最终回复替换
 - 自动加入邀请房间（可关闭）
+- 端对端加密（E2EE）消息支持
 
 ## 4. TODO
 
diff --git a/docs/channels/telegram/README.md b/docs/channels/telegram/README.md
index a3e057ba4..86c016a5d 100644
--- a/docs/channels/telegram/README.md
+++ b/docs/channels/telegram/README.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 # Telegram
 
-The Telegram channel uses long polling via the Telegram Bot API for bot-based communication. It supports text messages, media attachments (photos, voice, audio, documents), voice transcription via Groq Whisper, and built-in command handling.
+The Telegram channel uses long polling via the Telegram Bot API for bot-based communication. It supports text messages, media attachments (photos, voice, audio, documents), voice transcription ([setup](../../providers.md#voice-transcription)), and built-in command handling.
 
 ## Configuration
 
@@ -33,3 +33,23 @@ The Telegram channel uses long polling via the Telegram Bot API for bot-based co
 3. Obtain the HTTP API Token
 4. Fill in the Token in the configuration file
 5. (Optional) Configure `allow_from` to restrict which user IDs can interact (you can get IDs via `@userinfobot`)
+
+## Built-in Commands
+
+Telegram auto-registers PicoClaw's top-level bot commands at startup, including `/start`, `/help`, `/show`, `/list`, and `/use`.
+
+Skill-related commands:
+
+- `/list skills` lists the installed skills visible to the current agent.
+- `/use <skill> <message>` forces a skill for a single request.
+- `/use <skill>` arms the skill for your next message in the same chat.
+- `/use clear` clears a pending skill override.
+
+Examples:
+
+```text
+/list skills
+/use git explain how to squash the last 3 commits
+/use git
+explain how to squash the last 3 commits
+```
diff --git a/docs/channels/telegram/README.zh.md b/docs/channels/telegram/README.zh.md
index f50c712ce..1d9dcc46e 100644
--- a/docs/channels/telegram/README.zh.md
+++ b/docs/channels/telegram/README.zh.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 # Telegram
 
-Telegram Channel 通过 Telegram 机器人 API 使用长轮询实现基于机器人的通信。它支持文本消息、媒体附件（照片、语音、音频、文档）、通过 Groq Whisper 进行语音转录以及内置命令处理器。
+Telegram Channel 通过 Telegram 机器人 API 使用长轮询实现基于机器人的通信。它支持文本消息、媒体附件（照片、语音、音频、文档）、语音转录（配置见[提供商与模型配置](../../zh/providers.md#语音转录)），以及内置命令处理器。
 
 ## 配置
 
@@ -33,3 +33,23 @@ Telegram Channel 通过 Telegram 机器人 API 使用长轮询实现基于机器
 3. 获取 HTTP API Token
 4. 将 Token 填入配置文件中
 5. (可选) 配置 `allow_from` 以限制允许互动的用户 ID (可通过 `@userinfobot` 获取 ID)
+
+## 内置命令
+
+Telegram 会在启动时自动注册 PicoClaw 的顶级 Bot 命令，包括 `/start`、`/help`、`/show`、`/list` 和 `/use`。
+
+与技能相关的命令：
+
+- `/list skills`：列出当前 Agent 可见的已安装技能。
+- `/use <skill> <message>`：只在本次请求中强制使用指定技能。
+- `/use <skill>`：为同一聊天中的下一条消息预先启用该技能。
+- `/use clear`：清除待应用的技能覆盖。
+
+示例：
+
+```text
+/list skills
+/use git explain how to squash the last 3 commits
+/use italiapersonalfinance
+dammi le ultime news
+```
diff --git a/docs/channels/wecom/README.md b/docs/channels/wecom/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecdfbc47b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/channels/wecom/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+> Back to [README](../../../README.md)
+
+# WeCom
+
+PicoClaw now exposes WeCom as a single `channels.wecom` channel built on the official WeCom AI Bot WebSocket API.
+This replaces the legacy `wecom`, `wecom_app`, and `wecom_aibot` split with one configuration model.
+
+## What This Channel Supports
+
+- Direct chat and group chat delivery
+- Channel-side streaming replies over WeCom's AI Bot protocol
+- Incoming text, voice, image, file, video, and mixed messages
+- Outbound text and media replies (`image`, `file`, `voice`, `video`)
+- QR-based CLI onboarding with `picoclaw auth wecom`
+- Shared allowlist and `reasoning_channel_id` routing
+
+> No public webhook callback URL is required for this channel. PicoClaw opens an outbound WebSocket connection to WeCom.
+
+## Quick Start
+
+### Option 1: QR Login From CLI
+
+Run:
+
+```bash
+picoclaw auth wecom
+```
+
+The command prints a QR code in the terminal, waits for confirmation in WeCom, and then writes the resulting
+`bot_id` and `secret` into `channels.wecom`.
+
+Use `--timeout` if you want to wait longer:
+
+```bash
+picoclaw auth wecom --timeout 10m
+```
+
+### Option 2: Configure Manually
+
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "wecom": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "bot_id": "YOUR_BOT_ID",
+      "secret": "YOUR_SECRET",
+      "websocket_url": "wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com",
+      "send_thinking_message": true,
+      "allow_from": [],
+      "reasoning_channel_id": ""
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Configuration
+
+| Field | Type | Required | Description |
+| ----- | ---- | -------- | ----------- |
+| `enabled` | bool | No | Enables the WeCom channel. |
+| `bot_id` | string | Yes | WeCom AI Bot identifier. Required when the channel is enabled. |
+| `secret` | string | Yes | WeCom AI Bot secret. Required when the channel is enabled. |
+| `websocket_url` | string | No | WebSocket endpoint. Defaults to `wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com`. |
+| `send_thinking_message` | bool | No | Sends an initial `Processing...` chunk before the final streamed reply. Defaults to `true`. |
+| `allow_from` | array | No | Sender allowlist. Empty means allow all senders. |
+| `reasoning_channel_id` | string | No | Optional destination for reasoning/thinking output. |
+
+## Runtime Behavior
+
+- PicoClaw keeps the active WeCom turn so normal replies can continue the same stream when possible.
+- If streaming is no longer available, replies fall back to active push delivery to the resolved chat route.
+- Incoming media is downloaded into the media store before being handed to the agent.
+- Outbound media is uploaded to WeCom in temporary chunks and then sent as a regular media message.
+
+## Migration Notes
+
+This branch removes the old multi-channel WeCom model.
+
+| Previous config | Now |
+| --------------- | --- |
+| `channels.wecom` webhook bot | Replace with `channels.wecom` using `bot_id` + `secret`. |
+| `channels.wecom_app` | Remove it and use `channels.wecom`. |
+| `channels.wecom_aibot` | Move the config to `channels.wecom`. |
+| `token`, `encoding_aes_key`, `webhook_url`, `webhook_path` | No longer used by the WeCom channel. |
+| `corp_id`, `corp_secret`, `agent_id` | No longer used by the WeCom channel. |
+| `welcome_message`, `processing_message`, `max_steps` under WeCom | No longer part of the WeCom channel config. |
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### `picoclaw auth wecom` times out
+
+- Re-run with a larger `--timeout`.
+- Make sure the QR code was confirmed inside WeCom, not only scanned.
+
+### WebSocket connection fails
+
+- Verify `bot_id` and `secret`.
+- Confirm the host can reach `wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com`.
+
+### Replies do not arrive
+
+- Check whether `allow_from` blocks the sender.
+- Check launcher or startup validation for missing `channels.wecom.bot_id` / `channels.wecom.secret`.
+
diff --git a/docs/channels/wecom/README.zh.md b/docs/channels/wecom/README.zh.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b4a5e495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/channels/wecom/README.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+> 返回 [README](../../../README.zh.md)
+
+# 企业微信
+
+PicoClaw 现在将企业微信统一为一个 `channels.wecom` 渠道，并基于企业微信官方 AI Bot WebSocket 协议实现。
+这取代了旧的 `wecom`、`wecom_app`、`wecom_aibot` 三套配置模型。
+
+## 当前渠道能力
+
+- 支持私聊和群聊
+- 支持企业微信侧流式回复
+- 支持接收文本、语音、图片、文件、视频和 mixed 消息
+- 支持发送文本与媒体消息（`image`、`file`、`voice`、`video`）
+- 支持通过 `picoclaw auth wecom` 扫码写入配置
+- 支持统一白名单与 `reasoning_channel_id`
+
+> 这个渠道不再需要公网 webhook 回调地址。PicoClaw 会主动向企业微信发起 WebSocket 连接。
+
+## 快速开始
+
+### 方式 1：命令行扫码登录
+
+运行：
+
+```bash
+picoclaw auth wecom
+```
+
+该命令会在终端打印二维码，等待你在企业微信中确认，然后把生成的 `bot_id` 和 `secret` 写入
+`channels.wecom`。
+
+如果需要更长等待时间，可以加 `--timeout`：
+
+```bash
+picoclaw auth wecom --timeout 10m
+```
+
+### 方式 2：手动配置
+
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "wecom": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "bot_id": "YOUR_BOT_ID",
+      "secret": "YOUR_SECRET",
+      "websocket_url": "wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com",
+      "send_thinking_message": true,
+      "allow_from": [],
+      "reasoning_channel_id": ""
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## 配置字段
+
+| 字段 | 类型 | 必填 | 说明 |
+| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
+| `enabled` | bool | 否 | 是否启用企业微信渠道。 |
+| `bot_id` | string | 是 | 企业微信 AI Bot 标识。渠道启用时必填。 |
+| `secret` | string | 是 | 企业微信 AI Bot 密钥。渠道启用时必填。 |
+| `websocket_url` | string | 否 | WebSocket 地址，默认 `wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com`。 |
+| `send_thinking_message` | bool | 否 | 是否在流式最终回复前先发送一段 `Processing...` 开场消息，默认 `true`。 |
+| `allow_from` | array | 否 | 发送者白名单；空数组表示允许所有发送者。 |
+| `reasoning_channel_id` | string | 否 | 可选的 reasoning/thinking 输出目标。 |
+
+## 运行时行为
+
+- PicoClaw 会保留当前会话对应的企业微信 turn，优先继续同一个流式回复。
+- 如果流式上下文已经失效，回复会自动回退到主动推送消息。
+- 收到的媒体会先下载到 media store，再交给 Agent 处理。
+- 发出的媒体会先按分片上传到企业微信，再作为普通媒体消息发送。
+
+## 迁移说明
+
+这个分支移除了旧的多通道企业微信模型。
+
+| 旧配置 | 现在怎么做 |
+| ------ | ---------- |
+| `channels.wecom` webhook 机器人 | 改为使用 `bot_id` + `secret` 的 `channels.wecom`。 |
+| `channels.wecom_app` | 删除，统一迁移到 `channels.wecom`。 |
+| `channels.wecom_aibot` | 配置迁移到 `channels.wecom`。 |
+| `token`、`encoding_aes_key`、`webhook_url`、`webhook_path` | 企业微信渠道不再使用这些字段。 |
+| `corp_id`、`corp_secret`、`agent_id` | 企业微信渠道不再使用这些字段。 |
+| 企业微信下的 `welcome_message`、`processing_message`、`max_steps` | 不再属于企业微信渠道配置。 |
+
+## 常见问题
+
+### `picoclaw auth wecom` 超时
+
+- 用更大的 `--timeout` 重新执行。
+- 确认是在企业微信里完成了确认，而不只是扫描二维码。
+
+### WebSocket 连接失败
+
+- 检查 `bot_id` 和 `secret` 是否正确。
+- 确认运行环境可以访问 `wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com`。
+
+### 消息没有回到企业微信
+
+- 检查 `allow_from` 是否拦截了发送者。
+- 检查启动日志或 launcher 校验，确认 `channels.wecom.bot_id` / `channels.wecom.secret` 已填写。
+
diff --git a/docs/channels/weixin/README.md b/docs/channels/weixin/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c51ff3c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/channels/weixin/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# 💬 Weixin (WeChat Personal) Channel
+
+PicoClaw supports connecting to your personal WeChat account using the official Tencent iLink API.
+
+## 🚀 Quick Onboarding
+
+The easiest way to set up the Weixin channel is using the interactive onboarding command:
+
+```bash
+picoclaw auth weixin
+```
+
+This command will:
+1. Request a QR code from the iLink API and display it in your terminal.
+2. Wait for you to scan the QR code with your WeChat mobile app.
+3. Upon approval, automatically save the generated access token to your `~/.picoclaw/config.json`.
+
+After onboarding, you can start the gateway:
+
+```bash
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+---
+
+## ⚙️ Configuration
+
+You can also manually configure the filter rules in `config.json` under the `channels.weixin` section.
+
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "weixin": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "token": "YOUR_WEIXIN_TOKEN",
+      "allow_from": [
+        "user_id_1",
+        "user_id_2"
+      ],
+      "proxy": ""
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Configuration Fields
+
+| Field | Description |
+|---|---|
+| `enabled` | Set to `true` to enable the channel at startup. |
+| `token` | The authentication token obtained via QR login. |
+| `allow_from` | (Optional) List of WeChat User IDs permitted to interact with the bot. If empty, anyone who can send messages to the connected account can trigger the bot. |
+| `proxy` | (Optional) HTTP proxy address (e.g. `http://localhost:7890`) for environments where connection to `ilinkai.weixin.qq.com` is restricted. |
+
+## ⚠️ Important Notes
+
+- **One Account Only**: The iLink token binds to a single session. Starting a new interaction generally invalidates older tokens if another device authorizes.
+- **Message Rate Limits**: To avoid getting your account restricted by WeChat anti-spam systems, avoid loop triggers or high-frequency broadcasts.
diff --git a/docs/channels/weixin/README.zh.md b/docs/channels/weixin/README.zh.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f1181878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/channels/weixin/README.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# 💬 微信个人号渠道 (Weixin)
+
+PicoClaw 支持使用腾讯官方 iLink API 连接您的个人微信账号。
+
+## 🚀 快速激活
+
+最简单的方法是使用交互式 onboarding 命令进行一键激活：
+
+```bash
+picoclaw auth weixin
+```
+
+该命令将：
+1. 从 iLink API 获取二维码并在终端中打印。
+2. 等待您使用手机微信 App 扫码。
+3. 扫码确认后，自动将生成的 Access Token 保存至您的 `~/.picoclaw/config.json` 中。
+
+配置完成后，即可启动网关：
+
+```bash
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+---
+
+## ⚙️ 配置说明
+
+您也可以在 `config.json` 的 `channels.weixin` 段目下进行手动维护。
+
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "weixin": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "token": "YOUR_WEIXIN_TOKEN",
+      "allow_from": [
+        "user_id_1",
+        "user_id_2"
+      ],
+      "proxy": ""
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 字段解析
+
+| 字段 | 说明 |
+|---|---|
+| `enabled` | 设置为 `true` 以在启动时激活该频道。 |
+| `token` | 通过扫码获取的认证令牌。 |
+| `allow_from` | (可选) 允许与机器人交互的微信 User ID 列表。如果为空，任何能给此微信号发消息的人都可以触发机器人。 |
+| `proxy` | (可选) HTTP 代理地址（例如 `http://localhost:7890`），适合网络访问受限环境。 |
+
+## ⚠️ 注意事项
+
+- **单端绑定**: iLink 令牌通常与单个会话绑定。在其他地方重新扫码激活可能会导致旧令牌失效。
+- **频率控制**: 为避免触发微信的风控反垃圾机制，请避免设置死循环触发、高频广播等恶意行为。
diff --git a/docs/chat-apps.md b/docs/chat-apps.md
index 3ed37e814..3d01994ff 100644
--- a/docs/chat-apps.md
+++ b/docs/chat-apps.md
@@ -6,25 +6,27 @@
 
 Talk to your picoclaw through Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix, QQ, DingTalk, LINE, WeCom, Feishu, Slack, IRC, OneBot, MaixCam, or Pico (native protocol)
 
-> **Note**: All webhook-based channels (LINE, WeCom, etc.) are served on a single shared Gateway HTTP server (`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`, default `127.0.0.1:18790`). There are no per-channel ports to configure. Note: Feishu uses WebSocket/SDK mode and does not use the shared HTTP webhook server.
+> **Note**: Channels that rely on HTTP callbacks share a single Gateway HTTP server (`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`, default `127.0.0.1:18790`). Socket/stream-based channels such as Feishu, DingTalk, and WeCom do not rely on the shared webhook server for inbound delivery.
 
 | Channel              | Difficulty         | Description                                           | Documentation                                                                                                    |
 | -------------------- | ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| **Telegram**         | ⭐ Easy            | Recommended, voice-to-text, long polling (no public IP needed) | [Docs](../channels/telegram/README.md)                                                                  |
-| **Discord**          | ⭐ Easy            | Socket Mode, group/DM support, rich bot ecosystem     | [Docs](../channels/discord/README.md)                                                                           |
+| **Telegram**         | ⭐ Easy            | Recommended, voice-to-text, long polling (no public IP needed) | [Docs](channels/telegram/README.md)                                                                  |
+| **Discord**          | ⭐ Easy            | Socket Mode, group/DM support, rich bot ecosystem     | [Docs](channels/discord/README.md)                                                                           |
 | **WhatsApp**         | ⭐ Easy            | Native (QR scan) or Bridge URL                        | [Docs](#whatsapp)                                                                                                |
-| **Slack**            | ⭐ Easy            | **Socket Mode** (no public IP needed), enterprise     | [Docs](../channels/slack/README.md)                                                                             |
-| **Matrix**           | ⭐⭐ Medium        | Federated protocol, self-hosting supported            | [Docs](../channels/matrix/README.md)                                                                            |
-| **QQ**               | ⭐⭐ Medium        | Official bot API, Chinese community                   | [Docs](../channels/qq/README.md)                                                                                |
-| **DingTalk**         | ⭐⭐ Medium        | Stream mode (no public IP needed), enterprise         | [Docs](../channels/dingtalk/README.md)                                                                          |
-| **LINE**             | ⭐⭐⭐ Advanced    | HTTPS Webhook required                                | [Docs](../channels/line/README.md)                                                                              |
-| **WeCom (企业微信)** | ⭐⭐⭐ Advanced    | Group Bot (Webhook), custom App (API), AI Bot         | [Bot](../channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.md) / [App](../channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.md) / [AI Bot](../channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.md) |
-| **Feishu (飞书)**    | ⭐⭐⭐ Advanced    | Enterprise collaboration, feature-rich                | [Docs](../channels/feishu/README.md)                                                                            |
-| **IRC**              | ⭐⭐ Medium        | Server + TLS configuration                            | -                                                                                                                |
-| **OneBot**           | ⭐⭐ Medium        | NapCat/Go-CQHTTP compatible, community ecosystem      | [Docs](../channels/onebot/README.md)                                                                            |
-| **MaixCam**          | ⭐ Easy            | Hardware integration channel for Sipeed AI cameras    | [Docs](../channels/maixcam/README.md)                                                                           |
+| **Weixin**           | ⭐ Easy            | Native QR scan (Tencent iLink API)                    | [Docs](#weixin)                                                                            |
+| **Slack**            | ⭐ Easy            | **Socket Mode** (no public IP needed), enterprise     | [Docs](channels/slack/README.md)                                                                             |
+| **Matrix**           | ⭐⭐ Medium        | Federated protocol, self-hosting supported            | [Docs](channels/matrix/README.md)                                                                            |
+| **QQ**               | ⭐⭐ Medium        | Official bot API, Chinese community                   | [Docs](channels/qq/README.md)                                                                                |
+| **DingTalk**         | ⭐⭐ Medium        | Stream mode (no public IP needed), enterprise         | [Docs](channels/dingtalk/README.md)                                                                          |
+| **LINE**             | ⭐⭐⭐ Advanced    | HTTPS Webhook required                                | [Docs](channels/line/README.md)                                                                              |
+| **WeCom (企业微信)** | ⭐⭐⭐ Advanced    | Official AI Bot over WebSocket, streaming + media     | [Docs](channels/wecom/README.md) |
+| **Feishu (飞书)**    | ⭐⭐⭐ Advanced    | Enterprise collaboration, feature-rich                | [Docs](channels/feishu/README.md)                                                                            |
+| **IRC**              | ⭐⭐ Medium        | Server + TLS configuration                            | [Docs](#irc)                                                                                                     |
+| **OneBot**           | ⭐⭐ Medium        | NapCat/Go-CQHTTP compatible, community ecosystem      | [Docs](channels/onebot/README.md)                                                                            |
+| **MaixCam**          | ⭐ Easy            | Hardware integration channel for Sipeed AI cameras    | [Docs](channels/maixcam/README.md)                                                                           |
 | **Pico**             | ⭐ Easy            | Native PicoClaw protocol channel                      |                                                                                                                  |
 
+<a id="telegram"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Telegram</b> (Recommended)</summary>
 
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ Talk to your picoclaw through Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix, QQ, DingTalk,
       "enabled": true,
       "token": "YOUR_BOT_TOKEN",
       "allow_from": ["YOUR_USER_ID"],
-      "use_markdown_v2": false,
+      "use_markdown_v2": false
     }
   }
 }
@@ -59,16 +61,24 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 **4. Telegram command menu (auto-registered at startup)**
 
-PicoClaw now keeps command definitions in one shared registry. On startup, Telegram will automatically register supported bot commands (for example `/start`, `/help`, `/show`, `/list`) so command menu and runtime behavior stay in sync.
+PicoClaw now keeps command definitions in one shared registry. On startup, Telegram will automatically register supported bot commands (for example `/start`, `/help`, `/show`, `/list`, `/use`) so command menu and runtime behavior stay in sync.
 Telegram command menu registration remains channel-local discovery UX; generic command execution is handled centrally in the agent loop via the commands executor.
 
 If command registration fails (network/API transient errors), the channel still starts and PicoClaw retries registration in the background.
 
+You can also manage installed skills directly from Telegram:
+
+- `/list skills`
+- `/use <skill> <message>`
+- `/use <skill>` and then send the actual request in the next message
+- `/use clear`
+
 **4. Advanced Formatting**
 You can set use_markdown_v2: true to enable enhanced formatting options. This allows the bot to utilize the full range of Telegram MarkdownV2 features, including nested styles, spoilers, and custom fixed-width blocks.
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="discord"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Discord</b></summary>
 
@@ -142,6 +152,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="whatsapp"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>WhatsApp</b> (native via whatsmeow)</summary>
 
@@ -169,6 +180,43 @@ If `session_store_path` is empty, the session is stored in `<workspace>/whatsapp
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="weixin"></a>
+<details>
+<summary><b>Weixin</b> (WeChat Personal)</summary>
+
+PicoClaw supports connecting to your personal WeChat account using the official Tencent iLink API.
+
+**1. Login**
+
+Run the interactive QR login flow:
+```bash
+picoclaw auth weixin
+```
+Scan the printed QR code with your WeChat mobile app. On success, the token is saved to your config.
+
+**2. Configure**
+
+(Optional) Update `allow_from` with your WeChat User ID to restrict who can message the bot:
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "weixin": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
+      "allow_from": ["YOUR_USER_ID"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**3. Run**
+```bash
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<a id="qq"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>QQ</b></summary>
 
@@ -210,6 +258,7 @@ If you prefer to create the bot manually:
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="dingtalk"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>DingTalk</b></summary>
 
@@ -243,6 +292,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 ```
 </details>
 
+<a id="matrix"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Matrix</b></summary>
 
@@ -277,6 +327,7 @@ For full options (`device_id`, `join_on_invite`, `group_trigger`, `placeholder`,
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="line"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>LINE</b></summary>
 
@@ -325,105 +376,38 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="wecom"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>WeCom (企业微信)</b></summary>
 
-PicoClaw supports three types of WeCom integration:
+PicoClaw now exposes WeCom as a single AI Bot channel over WebSocket.
+No public webhook callback URL is required.
 
-**Option 1: WeCom Bot (Bot)** - Easier setup, supports group chats
-**Option 2: WeCom App (Custom App)** - More features, proactive messaging, private chat only
-**Option 3: WeCom AI Bot (AI Bot)** - Official AI Bot, streaming replies, supports group & private chat
+See [WeCom Configuration Guide](channels/wecom/README.md) for the full configuration reference and migration notes.
 
-See [WeCom AI Bot Configuration Guide](channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.md) for detailed setup instructions.
+**Quick Setup - Recommended**
 
-**Quick Setup - WeCom Bot:**
+**1. Authenticate**
 
-**1. Create a bot**
+```bash
+picoclaw auth wecom
+```
 
-* Go to WeCom Admin Console → Group Chat → Add Group Bot
-* Copy the webhook URL (format: `https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=xxx`)
+This command shows a QR code, waits for approval in WeCom, and writes `bot_id` + `secret` into `channels.wecom`.
 
-**2. Configure**
+**2. Configure manually if needed**
 
 ```json
 {
   "channels": {
     "wecom": {
       "enabled": true,
-      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
-      "encoding_aes_key": "YOUR_ENCODING_AES_KEY",
-      "webhook_url": "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=YOUR_KEY",
-      "webhook_path": "/webhook/wecom",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-> WeCom webhook is served on the shared Gateway server (`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`, default `127.0.0.1:18790`).
-
-**Quick Setup - WeCom App:**
-
-**1. Create an app**
-
-* Go to WeCom Admin Console → App Management → Create App
-* Copy **AgentId** and **Secret**
-* Go to "My Company" page, copy **CorpID**
-
-**2. Configure receive message**
-
-* In App details, click "Receive Message" → "Set API"
-* Set URL to `http://your-server:18790/webhook/wecom-app`
-* Generate **Token** and **EncodingAESKey**
-
-**3. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "wecom_app": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "corp_id": "wwxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
-      "corp_secret": "YOUR_CORP_SECRET",
-      "agent_id": 1000002,
-      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
-      "encoding_aes_key": "YOUR_ENCODING_AES_KEY",
-      "webhook_path": "/webhook/wecom-app",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**4. Run**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-
-> **Note**: WeCom webhook callbacks are served on the Gateway port (default 18790). Use a reverse proxy for HTTPS.
-
-**Quick Setup - WeCom AI Bot:**
-
-**1. Create an AI Bot**
-
-* Go to WeCom Admin Console → App Management → AI Bot
-* In the AI Bot settings, configure callback URL: `http://your-server:18790/webhook/wecom-aibot`
-* Copy **Token** and click "Random Generate" for **EncodingAESKey**
-
-**2. Configure**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "wecom_aibot": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
-      "encoding_aes_key": "YOUR_43_CHAR_ENCODING_AES_KEY",
-      "webhook_path": "/webhook/wecom-aibot",
+      "bot_id": "YOUR_BOT_ID",
+      "secret": "YOUR_SECRET",
+      "websocket_url": "wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com",
+      "send_thinking_message": true,
       "allow_from": [],
-      "welcome_message": "Hello! How can I help you?",
-      "processing_message": "⏳ Processing, please wait. The results will be sent shortly."
+      "reasoning_channel_id": ""
     }
   }
 }
@@ -435,10 +419,11 @@ picoclaw gateway
 picoclaw gateway
 ```
 
-> **Note**: WeCom AI Bot uses streaming pull protocol — no reply timeout concerns. Long tasks (>30 seconds) automatically switch to `response_url` push delivery.
+> Legacy `wecom_app` and `wecom_aibot` entries are replaced by the unified `channels.wecom` config in this branch.
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="feishu"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Feishu (Lark)</b></summary>
 
@@ -480,6 +465,7 @@ For full options, see [Feishu Channel Configuration Guide](channels/feishu/READM
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="slack"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Slack</b></summary>
 
@@ -513,6 +499,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="irc"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>IRC</b></summary>
 
@@ -546,6 +533,7 @@ The bot will connect to the IRC server and join the specified channels.
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="onebot"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>OneBot (QQ via OneBot protocol)</b></summary>
 
diff --git a/docs/config-versioning.md b/docs/config-versioning.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36d7fdd25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/config-versioning.md
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+# Config Schema Versioning Guide
+
+## Overview
+
+PicoClaw uses a schema versioning system for `config.json` to ensure smooth upgrades as the configuration format evolves.
+
+## Version History
+
+### Version 1
+- **Introduction**: Initial version with version field support
+- **Changes**: Added `version` field to Config struct
+- **Migration**: No structural changes needed for existing configs
+
+## How It Works
+
+### Automatic Migration
+When you load a config file:
+1. The system first reads the `version` field from the JSON
+2. Based on the detected version, it loads the appropriate config struct (`ConfigV0`, `ConfigV1`, etc.)
+3. If the loaded version is less than the latest, migrations are applied incrementally
+4. The version number is updated automatically
+5. The migrated config is automatically saved back to disk
+
+### Version Field
+The `version` field in `config.json` indicates the schema version:
+- `0` or missing: Legacy config (no version field)
+- `1`: Current version with versioning support
+
+```json
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "agents": {...},
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+## Adding a New Migration
+
+When making breaking changes to the config schema:
+
+### Step 1: Define the New Version Struct
+
+Create a new struct for the new version if the structure changes significantly:
+
+```go
+// ConfigV2 represents version 2 config structure
+type ConfigV2 struct {
+    Version   int             `json:"version"`
+    Agents    AgentsConfig    `json:"agents"`
+    // ... other fields with new structure
+}
+```
+
+### Step 2: Update Current Config Version
+
+```go
+const CurrentConfigVersion = 2  // Increment this
+```
+
+### Step 3: Add a Loader Function
+
+```go
+// loadConfigV2 loads a version 2 config
+func loadConfigV2(data []byte) (*Config, error) {
+    cfg := DefaultConfig()
+
+    // Parse to ConfigV2 struct
+    var v2 ConfigV2
+    if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &v2); err != nil {
+        return nil, err
+    }
+
+    // Convert to current Config
+    cfg.Version = v2.Version
+    cfg.Agents = v2.Agents
+    // ... map other fields
+
+    return cfg, nil
+}
+```
+
+### Step 4: Add Migration Logic
+
+```go
+// applyMigration applies a single migration step from fromVersion to toVersion
+func applyMigration(cfg *Config, fromVersion, toVersion int) (*Config, error) {
+    switch toVersion {
+    case 1:
+        // Migration from version 0 to 1
+        return &Config{
+            Version: 1,
+            Agents:  cfg.Agents,
+            // ... copy all fields
+        }, nil
+    case 2:
+        // Migration from version 1 to 2
+        // Example: Move or rename fields
+        migrated := *cfg
+        migrated.Version = 2
+        // Apply structural changes
+        if cfg.SomeOldField != "" {
+            migrated.SomeNewField = cfg.SomeOldField
+        }
+        return &migrated, nil
+    default:
+        return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported migration target version: %d", toVersion)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Step 5: Update LoadConfig Switch
+
+```go
+func LoadConfig(path string) (*Config, error) {
+    // ... read file ...
+
+    switch versionInfo.Version {
+    case 0:
+        cfg, err = loadConfigV0(data)
+    case 1:
+        cfg, err = loadConfigV1(data)
+    case 2:
+        cfg, err = loadConfigV2(data)
+    default:
+        return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported config version: %d", versionInfo.Version)
+    }
+
+    // ... migrate and validate ...
+}
+```
+
+### Step 6: Test Your Migration
+
+Create a test in `config_migration_test.go`:
+
+```go
+func TestMigrateV1ToV2(t *testing.T) {
+    // Create a version 1 config
+    v1Config := Config{
+        Version: 1,
+        // ... set up test data
+    }
+
+    // Apply migration
+    migrated, err := applyMigration(&v1Config, 1, 2)
+    if err != nil {
+        t.Fatalf("Migration failed: %v", err)
+    }
+
+    // Verify version is updated
+    if migrated.Version != 2 {
+        t.Errorf("Expected version 2, got %d", migrated.Version)
+    }
+
+    // Verify data is preserved/transformed correctly
+    // ...
+}
+```
+
+## Migration Best Practices
+
+1. **Version-Specific Structs**: Define a separate struct for each version that has structural changes
+2. **Backward Compatibility**: Ensure old configs can still be loaded with their specific structs
+3. **No Data Loss**: Migrations should preserve all user settings
+4. **Idempotent**: Running the same migration multiple times should be safe
+5. **Auto-Save**: Migrated configs are automatically saved to update the user's file
+6. **Test Thoroughly**: Test with real user config files
+7. **Update Defaults**: Keep `defaults.go` in sync with the latest schema
+
+## Example Migration
+
+### Scenario: Adding a new field with default value
+
+Old config (version 1):
+```json
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "max_tokens": 32768
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Migration to version 2:
+```go
+case 2:
+    migrated := *cfg
+    migrated.Version = 2
+
+    // Add new field with default value if not set
+    if migrated.Agents.Defaults.NewFeatureEnabled == false {
+        // Use default value
+    }
+
+    return &migrated, nil
+```
+
+New config (version 2):
+```json
+{
+  "version": 2,
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "max_tokens": 32768,
+      "new_feature_enabled": false
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### Config Not Upgrading
+- Check that `CurrentConfigVersion` is incremented
+- Verify migration logic in `applyMigration()` handles the target version
+- Ensure `migrateConfig()` is called in `LoadConfig()`
+
+### Migration Errors
+- Check error messages for specific migration failures
+- Review migration logic for edge cases
+- Ensure all required fields are properly initialized
+- Verify the loader function for the source version
+
+### Data Loss After Migration
+- Ensure all fields are copied during migration
+- Check that the migration doesn't overwrite values with defaults unnecessarily
+- Review the conversion logic in the loader functions
+
diff --git a/docs/configuration.md b/docs/configuration.md
index b5d652a85..9360d3897 100644
--- a/docs/configuration.md
+++ b/docs/configuration.md
@@ -31,6 +31,22 @@ PICOCLAW_HOME=/opt/picoclaw picoclaw agent
 PICOCLAW_HOME=/srv/picoclaw PICOCLAW_CONFIG=/srv/picoclaw/main.json picoclaw gateway
 ```
 
+### Gateway Log Level
+
+`gateway.log_level` controls Gateway log verbosity and is configurable in `config.json`.
+
+```json
+{
+  "gateway": {
+    "log_level": "fatal"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+When omitted, the default is `fatal`. Supported values: `debug`, `info`, `warn`, `error`, `fatal`.
+
+You can also override this with the environment variable `PICOCLAW_LOG_LEVEL`.
+
 ### Workspace Layout
 
 PicoClaw stores data in your configured workspace (default: `~/.picoclaw/workspace`):
@@ -65,6 +81,24 @@ For advanced/test setups, you can override the builtin skills root with:
 export PICOCLAW_BUILTIN_SKILLS=/path/to/skills
 ```
 
+### Using Skills From Chat Channels
+
+Once skills are installed, you can inspect and force them directly from a chat channel:
+
+- `/list skills` shows the installed skill names available to the current agent.
+- `/use <skill> <message>` forces a specific skill for a single request.
+- `/use <skill>` arms that skill for your next message in the same chat session.
+- `/use clear` cancels a pending skill override created by `/use <skill>`.
+
+Examples:
+
+```text
+/list skills
+/use git explain how to squash the last 3 commits
+/use italiapersonalfinance
+dammi le ultime news
+```
+
 ### Unified Command Execution Policy
 
 - Generic slash commands are executed through a single path in `pkg/agent/loop.go` via `commands.Executor`.
@@ -347,3 +381,489 @@ For long-running tasks (web search, API calls), use the `spawn` tool to create a
 
 ```markdown
 # Periodic Tasks
+
+## Quick Tasks (respond directly)
+
+- Report current time
+
+## Long Tasks (use spawn for async)
+
+- Search the web for AI news and summarize
+- Check email and report important messages
+```
+
+**Key behaviors:**
+
+| Feature                 | Description                                               |
+| ----------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **spawn**               | Creates async subagent, doesn't block heartbeat           |
+| **Independent context** | Subagent has its own context, no session history          |
+| **message tool**        | Subagent communicates with user directly via message tool |
+| **Non-blocking**        | After spawning, heartbeat continues to next task          |
+
+#### How Subagent Communication Works
+
+```
+Heartbeat triggers
+    ↓
+Agent reads HEARTBEAT.md
+    ↓
+For long task: spawn subagent
+    ↓                           ↓
+Continue to next task      Subagent works independently
+    ↓                           ↓
+All tasks done            Subagent uses "message" tool
+    ↓                           ↓
+Respond HEARTBEAT_OK      User receives result directly
+```
+
+The subagent has access to tools (message, web_search, etc.) and can communicate with the user independently without going through the main agent.
+
+**Configuration:**
+
+```json
+{
+  "heartbeat": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "interval": 30
+  }
+}
+```
+
+| Option     | Default | Description                        |
+| ---------- | ------- | ---------------------------------- |
+| `enabled`  | `true`  | Enable/disable heartbeat           |
+| `interval` | `30`    | Check interval in minutes (min: 5) |
+
+**Environment variables:**
+
+* `PICOCLAW_HEARTBEAT_ENABLED=false` to disable
+* `PICOCLAW_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL=60` to change interval
+
+### Providers
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Groq provides free voice transcription via Whisper. If configured, audio messages from any channel will be automatically transcribed at the agent level.
+
+| Provider     | Purpose                                 | Get API Key                                                  |
+| ------------ | --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| `gemini`     | LLM (Gemini direct)                     | [aistudio.google.com](https://aistudio.google.com)           |
+| `zhipu`      | LLM (Zhipu direct)                      | [bigmodel.cn](https://bigmodel.cn)                           |
+| `volcengine` | LLM (Volcengine direct)                 | [volcengine.com](https://www.volcengine.com/activity/codingplan?utm_campaign=PicoClaw&utm_content=PicoClaw&utm_medium=devrel&utm_source=OWO&utm_term=PicoClaw) |
+| `openrouter` | LLM (recommended, access to all models) | [openrouter.ai](https://openrouter.ai)                       |
+| `anthropic`  | LLM (Claude direct)                     | [console.anthropic.com](https://console.anthropic.com)       |
+| `openai`     | LLM (GPT direct)                        | [platform.openai.com](https://platform.openai.com)           |
+| `deepseek`   | LLM (DeepSeek direct)                   | [platform.deepseek.com](https://platform.deepseek.com)       |
+| `qwen`       | LLM (Qwen direct)                       | [dashscope.console.aliyun.com](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com) |
+| `groq`       | LLM + **Voice transcription** (Whisper) | [console.groq.com](https://console.groq.com)                 |
+| `cerebras`   | LLM (Cerebras direct)                   | [cerebras.ai](https://cerebras.ai)                           |
+| `vivgrid`    | LLM (Vivgrid direct)                    | [vivgrid.com](https://vivgrid.com)                           |
+
+### Model Configuration (model_list)
+
+> **What's New?** PicoClaw now uses a **model-centric** configuration approach. Simply specify `vendor/model` format (e.g., `zhipu/glm-4.7`) to add new providers — **zero code changes required!**
+
+This design also enables **multi-agent support** with flexible provider selection:
+
+- **Different agents, different providers**: Each agent can use its own LLM provider
+- **Model fallbacks**: Configure primary and fallback models for resilience
+- **Load balancing**: Distribute requests across multiple endpoints
+- **Centralized configuration**: Manage all providers in one place
+
+#### 🔒 Security Configuration (Recommended)
+
+PicoClaw supports separating sensitive data (API keys, tokens, secrets) from your main configuration by storing them in a `.security.yml` file.
+
+**Key Benefits:**
+- **Security**: Sensitive data is never in your main config file
+- **Easy sharing**: Share config.json without exposing API keys
+- **Version control**: Add `.security.yml` to `.gitignore`
+- **Flexible deployment**: Different environments can use different security files
+
+**Quick Setup:**
+
+1. Create `~/.picoclaw/.security.yml` with your API keys:
+```yaml
+model_list:
+  gpt-5.4:
+    api_keys:
+      - "sk-proj-your-actual-openai-key"
+  claude-sonnet-4.6:
+    api_keys:
+      - "sk-ant-your-actual-anthropic-key"
+channels:
+  telegram:
+    token: "your-telegram-bot-token"
+web:
+  brave:
+    api_keys:
+      - "BSAyour-brave-api-key"
+  glm_search:
+    api_key: "your-glm-search-api-key"
+```
+
+2. Set proper permissions:
+```bash
+chmod 600 ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml
+```
+
+3. Remove sensitive fields from `config.json` (recommended):
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4"
+      // api_key loaded from .security.yml
+    }
+  ],
+  "channels": {
+    "telegram": {
+      "enabled": true"
+      // token loaded from .security.yml
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**How it works:**
+- Values from `.security.yml` are automatically mapped to config fields
+- No special syntax needed — just omit sensitive fields from config.json
+- If a field exists in both files, `.security.yml` value takes precedence
+- You can mix direct values in config.json with security values
+
+For complete documentation, see [`security_configuration.md`](security_configuration.md).
+
+#### All Supported Vendors
+
+| Vendor                  | `model` Prefix    | Default API Base                                    | Protocol  | API Key                                                          |
+| ----------------------- | ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **OpenAI**              | `openai/`         | `https://api.openai.com/v1`                         | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://platform.openai.com)                           |
+| **Anthropic**           | `anthropic/`      | `https://api.anthropic.com/v1`                      | Anthropic | [Get Key](https://console.anthropic.com)                         |
+| **智谱 AI (GLM)**       | `zhipu/`          | `https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4`              | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) |
+| **DeepSeek**            | `deepseek/`       | `https://api.deepseek.com/v1`                       | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://platform.deepseek.com)                         |
+| **Google Gemini**       | `gemini/`         | `https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta`  | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://aistudio.google.com/api-keys)                  |
+| **Groq**                | `groq/`           | `https://api.groq.com/openai/v1`                    | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://console.groq.com)                              |
+| **Moonshot**            | `moonshot/`       | `https://api.moonshot.cn/v1`                        | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://platform.moonshot.cn)                          |
+| **通义千问 (Qwen)**     | `qwen/`           | `https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1` | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com)                  |
+| **NVIDIA**              | `nvidia/`         | `https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1`               | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://build.nvidia.com)                              |
+| **Ollama**              | `ollama/`         | `http://localhost:11434/v1`                         | OpenAI    | Local (no key needed)                                            |
+| **OpenRouter**          | `openrouter/`     | `https://openrouter.ai/api/v1`                      | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://openrouter.ai/keys)                            |
+| **LiteLLM Proxy**       | `litellm/`        | `http://localhost:4000/v1`                          | OpenAI    | Your LiteLLM proxy key                                           |
+| **VLLM**                | `vllm/`           | `http://localhost:8000/v1`                          | OpenAI    | Local                                                            |
+| **Cerebras**            | `cerebras/`       | `https://api.cerebras.ai/v1`                        | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://cerebras.ai)                                   |
+| **VolcEngine (Doubao)** | `volcengine/`     | `https://ark.cn-beijing.volces.com/api/v3`          | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://www.volcengine.com/activity/codingplan?utm_campaign=PicoClaw&utm_content=PicoClaw&utm_medium=devrel&utm_source=OWO&utm_term=PicoClaw) |
+| **神算云**              | `shengsuanyun/`   | `https://router.shengsuanyun.com/api/v1`            | OpenAI    | —                                                                |
+| **BytePlus**            | `byteplus/`       | `https://ark.ap-southeast.bytepluses.com/api/v3`    | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://www.byteplus.com)                              |
+| **Vivgrid**             | `vivgrid/`        | `https://api.vivgrid.com/v1`                        | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://vivgrid.com)                                   |
+| **LongCat**             | `longcat/`        | `https://api.longcat.chat/openai`                   | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://longcat.chat/platform)                         |
+| **ModelScope (魔搭)**   | `modelscope/`     | `https://api-inference.modelscope.cn/v1`            | OpenAI    | [Get Token](https://modelscope.cn/my/tokens)                     |
+| **Antigravity**         | `antigravity/`    | Google Cloud                                        | Custom    | OAuth only                                                       |
+| **GitHub Copilot**      | `github-copilot/` | `localhost:4321`                                    | gRPC      | —                                                                |
+
+#### Basic Configuration
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "ark-code-latest",
+      "model": "volcengine/ark-code-latest",
+      "api_key": "sk-your-api-key"
+    },
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_key": "sk-your-openai-key"
+    },
+    {
+      "model_name": "claude-sonnet-4.6",
+      "model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
+      "api_key": "sk-ant-your-key"
+    },
+    {
+      "model_name": "glm-4.7",
+      "model": "zhipu/glm-4.7",
+      "api_key": "your-zhipu-key"
+    }
+  ],
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "model": "gpt-5.4"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+> **Security Note**: You can remove `api_key` fields from your config and store them in `.security.yml` instead. See [Security Configuration](#-security-configuration-recommended) above for details.
+
+#### Vendor-Specific Examples
+
+> **Tip**: You can omit `api_key` fields and store them in `.security.yml` for better security. See [Security Configuration](#-security-configuration-recommended).
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>OpenAI</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+  "model": "openai/gpt-5.4"
+  // api_key: set in .security.yml
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>VolcEngine (Doubao)</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "ark-code-latest",
+  "model": "volcengine/ark-code-latest"
+  // api_key: set in .security.yml
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>智谱 AI (GLM)</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "glm-4.7",
+  "model": "zhipu/glm-4.7"
+  // api_key: set in .security.yml
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>DeepSeek</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "deepseek-chat",
+  "model": "deepseek/deepseek-chat"
+  // api_key: set in .security.yml
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Anthropic</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "claude-sonnet-4.6",
+  "model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6"
+  // api_key: set in .security.yml
+}
+```
+
+> Run `picoclaw auth login --provider anthropic` to paste your API token.
+
+For direct Anthropic API access or custom endpoints that only support Anthropic's native message format:
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "claude-opus-4-6",
+  "model": "anthropic-messages/claude-opus-4-6",
+  "api_key": "sk-ant-your-key",
+  "api_base": "https://api.anthropic.com"
+}
+```
+
+> Use `anthropic-messages` when the endpoint requires Anthropic's native `/v1/messages` format instead of OpenAI-compatible `/v1/chat/completions`.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Ollama (local)</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "llama3",
+  "model": "ollama/llama3"
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Custom Proxy / LiteLLM</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "my-custom-model",
+  "model": "openai/custom-model",
+  "api_base": "https://my-proxy.com/v1"
+  // api_key: set in .security.yml
+}
+```
+
+PicoClaw strips only the outer `litellm/` prefix before sending the request, so `litellm/lite-gpt4` sends `lite-gpt4`, while `litellm/openai/gpt-4o` sends `openai/gpt-4o`.
+
+</details>
+
+#### Load Balancing
+
+Configure multiple endpoints for the same model name — PicoClaw will automatically round-robin between them:
+
+**Option 1: Multiple API Keys in .security.yml (Recommended)**
+
+```yaml
+# .security.yml
+model_list:
+  gpt-5.4:
+    api_keys:
+      - "sk-proj-key-1"
+      - "sk-proj-key-2"
+```
+
+```json
+// config.json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_base": "https://api.openai.com/v1"
+      // api_keys loaded from .security.yml
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+**Option 2: Multiple Model Entries**
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_base": "https://api1.example.com/v1",
+      "api_key": "sk-key1"
+    },
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_base": "https://api2.example.com/v1",
+      "api_key": "sk-key2"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+#### Migration from Legacy `providers` Config
+
+The old `providers` configuration is **deprecated** but still supported for backward compatibility. See [docs/migration/model-list-migration.md](../migration/model-list-migration.md) for the full guide.
+
+### Provider Architecture
+
+PicoClaw routes providers by protocol family:
+
+- **OpenAI-compatible**: OpenRouter, Groq, Zhipu, vLLM-style endpoints, and most others.
+- **Anthropic**: Claude-native API behavior.
+- **Codex/OAuth**: OpenAI OAuth/token authentication route.
+
+This keeps the runtime lightweight while making new OpenAI-compatible backends mostly a config operation (`api_base` + `api_key`).
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Zhipu (legacy providers format)</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "workspace": "~/.picoclaw/workspace",
+      "model": "glm-4.7",
+      "max_tokens": 8192,
+      "temperature": 0.7,
+      "max_tool_iterations": 20
+    }
+  },
+  "providers": {
+    "zhipu": {
+      "api_key": "Your API Key",
+      "api_base": "https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+> **Note**: The `providers` format is deprecated. Use the new `model_list` format with `.security.yml` for better security.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Full config example</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "model": "anthropic/claude-opus-4-5"
+    }
+  },
+  "session": {
+    "dm_scope": "per-channel-peer",
+    "backlog_limit": 20
+  },
+  "channels": {
+    "telegram": {
+      "enabled": true"
+      // token: set in .security.yml
+      "allow_from": ["123456789"]
+    }
+  },
+  "tools": {
+    "web": {
+      "duckduckgo": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "max_results": 5
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "heartbeat": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "interval": 30
+  }
+}
+```
+
+> **Note**: Sensitive fields (`api_key`, `token`, etc.) can be omitted and stored in `.security.yml` for better security.
+
+</details>
+
+### Scheduled Tasks / Reminders
+
+PicoClaw supports cron-style scheduled tasks via the `cron` tool. The agent can set, list, and cancel reminders or recurring jobs that trigger at specified times.
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "cron": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "exec_timeout_minutes": 5
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Scheduled tasks persist across restarts and are stored in `~/.picoclaw/workspace/cron/`.
+
+### Advanced Topics
+
+| Topic | Description |
+| ----- | ----------- |
+| [Security Configuration](security_configuration.md) | Store API keys and secrets in separate `.security.yml` file |
+| [Sensitive Data Filtering](sensitive_data_filtering.md) | Filter API keys and tokens from tool results before sending to LLM |
+| [Hook System](hooks/README.md) | Event-driven hooks: observers, interceptors, approval hooks |
+| [Steering](steering.md) | Inject messages into a running agent loop between tool calls |
+| [SubTurn](subturn.md) | Subagent coordination, concurrency control, lifecycle |
+| [Context Management](agent-refactor/context.md) | Context boundary detection, proactive budget check, compression |
diff --git a/docs/credential_encryption.md b/docs/credential_encryption.md
index dde8c782c..de3b70e09 100644
--- a/docs/credential_encryption.md
+++ b/docs/credential_encryption.md
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ enc://AAAA...base64...
     {
       "model_name": "gpt-4o",
       "model": "openai/gpt-4o",
-      "api_key": "enc://AAAA...base64...",
+      // "api_key": "enc://AAAA...base64..." move to .security.yml
       "api_base": "https://api.openai.com/v1"
     }
   ]
diff --git a/docs/design/hook-system-design.zh.md b/docs/design/hook-system-design.zh.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab5566bec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/design/hook-system-design.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+# PicoClaw Hook 系统设计（基于 `refactor/agent`）
+
+## 背景
+
+本设计围绕两个议题展开：
+
+- `#1316`：把 agent loop 重构为事件驱动、可中断、可追加、可观测
+- `#1796`：在 EventBus 稳定后，把 hooks 设计为 EventBus 的 consumer，而不是重新发明一套事件模型
+
+当前分支已经完成了第一步里的“事件系统基础”，但还没有真正的 hook 挂载层。因此这里的目标不是重新设计 event，而是在已有实现上补出一层可扩展、可拦截、可外挂的 HookManager。
+
+## 外部项目对比
+
+### OpenClaw
+
+OpenClaw 的扩展能力分成三层：
+
+- Internal hooks：目录发现，运行在 Gateway 进程内
+- Plugin hooks：插件在运行时注册 hook，也在进程内
+- Webhooks：外部系统通过 HTTP 触发 Gateway 动作，属于进程外
+
+值得借鉴的点：
+
+- 有“项目内挂载”和“项目外挂载”两种路径
+- hook 是配置驱动，可启停
+- 外部入口有明确的安全边界和映射层
+
+不建议直接照搬的点：
+
+- OpenClaw 的 hooks / plugin hooks / webhooks 是三套路由，PicoClaw 当前体量下会偏重
+- HTTP webhook 更适合“事件进入系统”，不适合作为“可同步拦截 agent loop”的基础机制
+
+### pi-mono
+
+pi-mono 的核心思路更接近当前分支：
+
+- 扩展统一为 extension API
+- 事件分为观察型和可变更型
+- 某些阶段允许 `transform` / `block` / `replace`
+- 扩展代码主要是进程内执行
+- RPC mode 把 UI 交互桥接到进程外客户端
+
+值得借鉴的点：
+
+- 不把“观察”和“拦截”混成一个接口
+- 允许返回结构化动作，而不是只有回调
+- 进程外通信只暴露必要协议，不把整个内部对象图泄露出去
+
+## 当前分支现状
+
+### 已有能力
+
+当前分支已经具备 hook 系统的地基：
+
+- `pkg/agent/events.go` 定义了稳定的 `EventKind`、`EventMeta` 和 payload
+- `pkg/agent/eventbus.go` 提供了非阻塞 fan-out 的 `EventBus`
+- `pkg/agent/loop.go` 中的 `runTurn()` 已在 turn、llm、tool、interrupt、follow-up、summary 等节点发射事件
+- `pkg/agent/steering.go` 已支持 steering、graceful interrupt、hard abort
+- `pkg/agent/turn.go` 已维护 turn phase、恢复点、active turn、abort 状态
+
+### 现有缺口
+
+当前分支还缺四件事：
+
+- 没有 HookManager，只有 EventBus
+- 没有 Before/After LLM、Before/After Tool 这种同步拦截点
+- 没有审批型 hook
+- 子 agent 仍走 `pkg/tools/SubagentManager + RunToolLoop`，没有接入 `pkg/agent` 的 turn tree 和事件流
+
+### 一个关键现实
+
+`#1316` 文案里提到“只读并行、写入串行”的工具执行策略，但当前 `runTurn()` 实现已经先收敛成“顺序执行 + 每个工具后检查 steering / interrupt”。因此 hook 设计不应依赖未来的并行模型，而应该先兼容当前顺序执行，再为以后增加 `ReadOnlyIndicator` 留口子。
+
+## 设计原则
+
+- Hook 必须建立在 `pkg/agent` 的 EventBus 和 turn 上下文之上
+- EventBus 负责广播，HookManager 负责拦截，两者职责分离
+- 项目内挂载要简单，项目外挂载必须走 IPC
+- 观察型 hook 不能阻塞 loop；拦截型 hook 必须有超时
+- 先覆盖主 turn，不把 sub-turn 一次做满
+- 不新增第二套用户事件命名系统，优先复用 `EventKind.String()`
+
+## 总体架构
+
+分成三层：
+
+1. `EventBus`
+   负责广播只读事件，现有实现直接复用
+
+2. `HookManager`
+   负责管理 hook、排序、超时、错误隔离，并在 `runTurn()` 的明确检查点执行同步拦截
+
+3. `HookMount`
+   负责两种挂载方式：
+   - 进程内 Go hook
+   - 进程外 IPC hook
+
+换句话说：
+
+- EventBus 是“发生了什么”
+- HookManager 是“谁能介入”
+- HookMount 是“这些 hook 从哪里来”
+
+## Hook 分类
+
+不建议把所有 hook 都设计成 `OnEvent(evt)`。
+
+建议拆成两类。
+
+### 1. 观察型
+
+只消费事件，不修改流程：
+
+```go
+type EventObserver interface {
+    OnEvent(ctx context.Context, evt agent.Event) error
+}
+```
+
+这类 hook 直接订阅 EventBus 即可。
+
+适用场景：
+
+- 审计日志
+- 指标上报
+- 调试 trace
+- 将事件转发给外部 UI / TUI / Web 面板
+
+### 2. 拦截型
+
+只在少数明确节点触发，允许返回动作：
+
+```go
+type LLMInterceptor interface {
+    BeforeLLM(ctx context.Context, req *LLMRequest) HookDecision[*LLMRequest]
+    AfterLLM(ctx context.Context, resp *LLMResponse) HookDecision[*LLMResponse]
+}
+
+type ToolInterceptor interface {
+    BeforeTool(ctx context.Context, call *ToolCall) HookDecision[*ToolCall]
+    AfterTool(ctx context.Context, result *ToolResultView) HookDecision[*ToolResultView]
+}
+
+type ToolApprover interface {
+    ApproveTool(ctx context.Context, req *ToolApprovalRequest) ApprovalDecision
+}
+```
+
+这里的 `HookDecision` 统一支持：
+
+- `continue`
+- `modify`
+- `deny_tool`
+- `abort_turn`
+- `hard_abort`
+
+## 对外暴露的最小 hook 面
+
+V1 不需要把所有 EventKind 都变成可拦截点。
+
+建议只开放这些同步 hook：
+
+- `before_llm`
+- `after_llm`
+- `before_tool`
+- `after_tool`
+- `approve_tool`
+
+其余节点继续作为只读事件暴露：
+
+- `turn_start`
+- `turn_end`
+- `llm_request`
+- `llm_response`
+- `tool_exec_start`
+- `tool_exec_end`
+- `tool_exec_skipped`
+- `steering_injected`
+- `follow_up_queued`
+- `interrupt_received`
+- `context_compress`
+- `session_summarize`
+- `error`
+
+`subturn_*` 在 V1 中保留名字，但不承诺一定触发，直到子 turn 迁移完成。
+
+## 项目内挂载
+
+内部挂载必须尽量低摩擦。
+
+建议提供两种等价方式，底层都走 HookManager。
+
+### 方式 A：代码显式挂载
+
+```go
+al.MountHook(hooks.Named("audit", &AuditHook{}))
+```
+
+适用于：
+
+- 仓内内建 hook
+- 单元测试
+- feature flag 控制
+
+### 方式 B：内建 registry
+
+```go
+func init() {
+    hooks.RegisterBuiltin("audit", func() hooks.Hook {
+        return &AuditHook{}
+    })
+}
+```
+
+启动时根据配置启用：
+
+```json
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "builtins": {
+      "audit": { "enabled": true }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+这比 OpenClaw 的目录扫描更轻，也更贴合 Go 项目。
+
+## 项目外挂载
+
+这是本设计的硬要求。
+
+建议 V1 采用：
+
+- `JSON-RPC over stdio`
+
+原因：
+
+- 跨平台最简单
+- 不依赖额外端口
+- 非常适合“由 PicoClaw 启动一个外部 hook 进程”
+- 比 HTTP webhook 更适合同步拦截
+
+### 外部 hook 进程模型
+
+PicoClaw 启动外部进程，并在其 stdin/stdout 上跑协议。
+
+配置示例：
+
+```json
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "processes": {
+      "review-gate": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "transport": "stdio",
+        "command": ["uvx", "picoclaw-hook-reviewer"],
+        "observe": ["turn_start", "turn_end", "tool_exec_end"],
+        "intercept": ["before_tool", "approve_tool"],
+        "timeout_ms": 5000
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 协议边界
+
+不要把内部 Go 结构体直接暴露给 IPC。
+
+建议定义稳定的协议对象：
+
+- `HookHandshake`
+- `HookEventNotification`
+- `BeforeLLMRequest`
+- `AfterLLMRequest`
+- `BeforeToolRequest`
+- `AfterToolRequest`
+- `ApproveToolRequest`
+- `HookDecision`
+
+其中：
+
+- 观察型事件用 notification，fire-and-forget
+- 拦截型事件用 request/response，同步等待
+
+### 为什么是 stdio，而不是直接用 HTTP webhook
+
+因为两者用途不同：
+
+- HTTP webhook 更适合“外部系统向 PicoClaw 投递事件”
+- stdio/RPC 更适合“PicoClaw 在 turn 内同步询问外部 hook 是否改写 / 放行 / 拒绝”
+
+如果未来需要 OpenClaw 式 webhook，可以作为独立入口层，再把外部事件转成 inbound message 或 steering，而不是直接替代 hook IPC。
+
+## Hook 执行顺序
+
+建议统一排序规则：
+
+- 先内建 in-process hook
+- 再外部 IPC hook
+- 同组内按 `priority` 从小到大执行
+
+原因：
+
+- 内建 hook 延迟更低，适合做基础规范化
+- 外部 hook 更适合做审批、审计、组织级策略
+
+## 超时与错误策略
+
+### 观察型
+
+- 默认超时：`500ms`
+- 超时或报错：记录日志，继续主流程
+
+### 拦截型
+
+- `before_llm` / `after_llm` / `before_tool` / `after_tool`：默认 `5s`
+- `approve_tool`：默认 `60s`
+
+超时行为：
+
+- 普通拦截：`continue`
+- 审批：`deny`
+
+这点应直接沿用 `#1316` 的安全倾向。
+
+## 与当前分支的对接点
+
+### 直接复用
+
+- 事件定义：`pkg/agent/events.go`
+- 事件广播：`pkg/agent/eventbus.go`
+- 活跃 turn / interrupt / rollback：`pkg/agent/turn.go`
+- 事件发射点：`pkg/agent/loop.go`
+
+### 需要新增
+
+- `pkg/agent/hooks.go`
+  - Hook 接口
+  - HookDecision / ApprovalDecision
+  - HookManager
+
+- `pkg/agent/hook_mount.go`
+  - 内建 hook 注册
+  - 外部进程 hook 注册
+
+- `pkg/agent/hook_ipc.go`
+  - stdio JSON-RPC bridge
+
+- `pkg/agent/hook_types.go`
+  - IPC 稳定载荷
+
+### 需要改造
+
+- `pkg/agent/loop.go`
+  - 在 LLM 和 tool 关键路径前后插入 HookManager 调用
+
+- `pkg/tools/base.go`
+  - 可选新增 `ReadOnlyIndicator`
+
+- `pkg/tools/spawn.go`
+- `pkg/tools/subagent.go`
+  - 先保留现状
+  - 等 sub-turn 迁移后再接入 `subturn_*` hook
+
+## 一个更贴合当前分支的数据流
+
+### 观察链路
+
+```text
+runTurn() -> emitEvent() -> EventBus -> observers
+```
+
+### 拦截链路
+
+```text
+runTurn()
+  -> HookManager.BeforeLLM()
+  -> Provider.Chat()
+  -> HookManager.AfterLLM()
+  -> HookManager.BeforeTool()
+  -> HookManager.ApproveTool()
+  -> tool.Execute()
+  -> HookManager.AfterTool()
+```
+
+也就是说：
+
+- observer 不改变现有 `emitEvent()`
+- interceptor 直接插在 `runTurn()` 热路径
+
+## 用户可见配置
+
+建议新增：
+
+```json
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "builtins": {},
+    "processes": {},
+    "defaults": {
+      "observer_timeout_ms": 500,
+      "interceptor_timeout_ms": 5000,
+      "approval_timeout_ms": 60000
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+V1 不做复杂自动发现。
+
+原因：
+
+- 当前分支重点是把地基打稳
+- 目录扫描、安装器、脚手架可以后置
+- 先让仓内和仓外都能挂上去，比“管理体验完整”更重要
+
+## 推荐的 V1 范围
+
+### 必做
+
+- HookManager
+- in-process 挂载
+- stdio IPC 挂载
+- observer hooks
+- `before_tool` / `after_tool` / `approve_tool`
+- `before_llm` / `after_llm`
+
+### 可后置
+
+- hook CLI 管理命令
+- hook 自动发现
+- Unix socket / named pipe transport
+- sub-turn hook 生命周期
+- read-only 并行分组
+- webhook 到 inbound message 的映射入口
+
+## 分阶段落地
+
+### Phase 1
+
+- 引入 HookManager
+- 支持 in-process observer + interceptor
+- 先只接主 turn
+
+### Phase 2
+
+- 引入 `stdio` 外部 hook 进程桥
+- 支持组织级审批 / 审计 / 参数改写
+
+### Phase 3
+
+- 把 `SubagentManager` 迁移到 `runTurn/sub-turn`
+- 接通 `subturn_spawn` / `subturn_end` / `subturn_result_delivered`
+
+### Phase 4
+
+- 视需求补 `ReadOnlyIndicator`
+- 在主 turn 和 sub-turn 上统一只读并行策略
+
+## 最终结论
+
+最适合 PicoClaw 当前分支的方案，不是直接复制 OpenClaw 的 hooks，也不是完整照搬 pi-mono 的 extension system，而是：
+
+- 以现有 `EventBus` 为只读观察面
+- 以新增 `HookManager` 为同步拦截面
+- 项目内通过 Go 对象直接挂载
+- 项目外通过 `stdio JSON-RPC` 进程通信挂载
+
+这样做有三个好处：
+
+- 和 `#1796` 一致，hooks 只是 EventBus 之上的消费层
+- 和当前 `refactor/agent` 实现一致，不需要推翻已有事件系统
+- 同时满足“仓内简单挂载”和“仓外进程通信挂载”两个硬需求
diff --git a/docs/design/steering-spec.md b/docs/design/steering-spec.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0951bf864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/design/steering-spec.md
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+# Steering — Implementation Specification
+
+## Problem
+
+When the agent is running (executing a chain of tool calls), the user has no way to redirect it. They must wait for the full cycle to complete before sending a new message. This creates a poor experience when the agent takes a wrong direction — the user watches it waste time on tools that are no longer relevant.
+
+## Solution
+
+Steering introduces a **message queue** that external callers can push into at any time. The agent loop polls this queue at well-defined checkpoints. When a steering message is found, the agent:
+
+1. Stops executing further tools in the current batch
+2. Injects the user's message into the conversation context
+3. Calls the LLM again with the updated context
+
+The user's intent reaches the model **as soon as the current tool finishes**, not after the entire turn completes.
+
+## Architecture Overview
+
+```mermaid
+graph TD
+    subgraph External Callers
+        TG[Telegram]
+        DC[Discord]
+        SL[Slack]
+    end
+
+    subgraph AgentLoop
+        BUS[MessageBus]
+        DRAIN[drainBusToSteering goroutine]
+        SQ[steeringQueue]
+        RLI[runLLMIteration]
+        TE[Tool Execution Loop]
+        LLM[LLM Call]
+    end
+
+    TG -->|PublishInbound| BUS
+    DC -->|PublishInbound| BUS
+    SL -->|PublishInbound| BUS
+
+    BUS -->|ConsumeInbound while busy| DRAIN
+    DRAIN -->|Steer| SQ
+
+    RLI -->|1. initial poll| SQ
+    TE -->|2. poll after each tool| SQ
+
+    SQ -->|pendingMessages| RLI
+    RLI -->|inject into context| LLM
+```
+
+### Bus drain mechanism
+
+Channels (Telegram, Discord, etc.) publish messages to the `MessageBus` via `PublishInbound`. Without additional wiring, these messages would sit in the bus buffer until the current `processMessage` finishes — meaning steering would never work for real users.
+
+The solution: when `Run()` starts processing a message, it spawns a **drain goroutine** (`drainBusToSteering`) that keeps consuming from the bus and calling `Steer()`. When `processMessage` returns, the drain is canceled and normal consumption resumes.
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant Bus
+    participant Run
+    participant Drain
+    participant AgentLoop
+
+    Run->>Bus: ConsumeInbound() → msg
+    Run->>Drain: spawn drainBusToSteering(ctx)
+    Run->>Run: processMessage(msg)
+
+    Note over Drain: running concurrently
+
+    Bus-->>Drain: ConsumeInbound() → newMsg
+    Drain->>AgentLoop: al.transcribeAudioInMessage(ctx, newMsg)
+    Drain->>AgentLoop: Steer(providers.Message{Content: newMsg.Content})
+
+    Run->>Run: processMessage returns
+    Run->>Drain: cancel context
+    Note over Drain: exits
+```
+
+## Data Structures
+
+### steeringQueue
+
+A thread-safe FIFO queue, private to the `agent` package.
+
+| Field | Type | Description |
+|-------|------|-------------|
+| `mu` | `sync.Mutex` | Protects all access to `queue` and `mode` |
+| `queue` | `[]providers.Message` | Pending steering messages |
+| `mode` | `SteeringMode` | Dequeue strategy |
+
+**Methods:**
+
+| Method | Description |
+|--------|-------------|
+| `push(msg) error` | Appends a message to the queue. Returns an error if the queue is full (`MaxQueueSize`) |
+| `dequeue() []Message` | Removes and returns messages according to `mode`. Returns `nil` if empty |
+| `len() int` | Returns the current queue length |
+| `setMode(mode)` | Updates the dequeue strategy |
+| `getMode() SteeringMode` | Returns the current mode |
+
+### SteeringMode
+
+| Value | Constant | Behavior |
+|-------|----------|----------|
+| `"one-at-a-time"` | `SteeringOneAtATime` | `dequeue()` returns only the **first** message. Remaining messages stay in the queue for subsequent polls. |
+| `"all"` | `SteeringAll` | `dequeue()` drains the **entire** queue and returns all messages at once. |
+
+Default: `"one-at-a-time"`.
+
+### processOptions extension
+
+A new field was added to `processOptions`:
+
+| Field | Type | Description |
+|-------|------|-------------|
+| `SkipInitialSteeringPoll` | `bool` | When `true`, the initial steering poll at loop start is skipped. Used by `Continue()` to avoid double-dequeuing. |
+
+## Public API on AgentLoop
+
+| Method | Signature | Description |
+|--------|-----------|-------------|
+| `Steer` | `Steer(msg providers.Message) error` | Enqueues a steering message. Returns an error if the queue is full or not initialized. Thread-safe, can be called from any goroutine. |
+| `SteeringMode` | `SteeringMode() SteeringMode` | Returns the current dequeue mode. |
+| `SetSteeringMode` | `SetSteeringMode(mode SteeringMode)` | Changes the dequeue mode at runtime. |
+| `Continue` | `Continue(ctx, sessionKey, channel, chatID) (string, error)` | Resumes an idle agent using pending steering messages. Returns `""` if queue is empty. |
+
+## Integration into the Agent Loop
+
+### Where steering is wired
+
+The steering queue lives as a field on `AgentLoop`:
+
+```
+AgentLoop
+  ├── bus
+  ├── cfg
+  ├── registry
+  ├── steering  *steeringQueue   ← new
+  ├── ...
+```
+
+It is initialized in `NewAgentLoop` from `cfg.Agents.Defaults.SteeringMode`.
+
+### Detailed flow through runLLMIteration
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant User
+    participant AgentLoop
+    participant runLLMIteration
+    participant ToolExecution
+    participant LLM
+
+    User->>AgentLoop: Steer(message)
+    Note over AgentLoop: steeringQueue.push(message)
+
+    Note over runLLMIteration: ── iteration starts ──
+
+    runLLMIteration->>AgentLoop: dequeueSteeringMessages()<br/>[initial poll]
+    AgentLoop-->>runLLMIteration: [] (empty, or messages)
+
+    alt pendingMessages not empty
+        runLLMIteration->>runLLMIteration: inject into messages[]<br/>save to session
+    end
+
+    runLLMIteration->>LLM: Chat(messages, tools)
+    LLM-->>runLLMIteration: response with toolCalls[0..N]
+
+    loop for each tool call (sequential)
+        ToolExecution->>ToolExecution: execute tool[i]
+        ToolExecution->>ToolExecution: process result,<br/>append to messages[]
+
+        ToolExecution->>AgentLoop: dequeueSteeringMessages()
+        AgentLoop-->>ToolExecution: steeringMessages
+
+        alt steering found
+            opt remaining tools > 0
+                Note over ToolExecution: Mark tool[i+1..N-1] as<br/>"Skipped due to queued user message."
+            end
+            Note over ToolExecution: steeringAfterTools = steeringMessages
+            Note over ToolExecution: break out of tool loop
+        end
+    end
+
+    alt steeringAfterTools not empty
+        ToolExecution-->>runLLMIteration: pendingMessages = steeringAfterTools
+        Note over runLLMIteration: next iteration will inject<br/>these before calling LLM
+    end
+
+    Note over runLLMIteration: ── loop back to iteration start ──
+```
+
+### Polling checkpoints
+
+| # | Location | When | Purpose |
+|---|----------|------|---------|
+| 1 | Top of `runLLMIteration`, before first LLM call | Once, at loop entry | Catch messages enqueued while the agent was still setting up context |
+| 2 | After every tool completes (including the first and the last) | Immediately after each tool's result is processed | Interrupt the batch as early as possible — if steering is found and there are remaining tools, they are all skipped |
+
+### What happens to skipped tools
+
+When steering interrupts a tool batch after tool `[i]` completes, all tools from `[i+1]` to `[N-1]` are **not executed**. Instead, a tool result message is generated for each:
+
+```json
+{
+  "role": "tool",
+  "content": "Skipped due to queued user message.",
+  "tool_call_id": "<original_call_id>"
+}
+```
+
+These results are:
+- Appended to the conversation `messages[]`
+- Saved to the session via `AddFullMessage`
+
+This ensures the LLM knows which of its requested actions were not performed.
+
+### Loop condition change
+
+The iteration loop condition was changed from:
+
+```go
+for iteration < agent.MaxIterations
+```
+
+to:
+
+```go
+for iteration < agent.MaxIterations || len(pendingMessages) > 0
+```
+
+This allows **one extra iteration** when steering arrives right at the max iteration boundary, ensuring the steering message is always processed.
+
+### Tool execution: parallel → sequential
+
+**Before steering:** all tool calls in a batch were executed in parallel using `sync.WaitGroup`.
+
+**After steering:** tool calls execute **sequentially**. This is required because steering must be polled between individual tool completions. A parallel execution model would not allow interrupting mid-batch.
+
+> **Trade-off:** This introduces latency when the LLM requests multiple independent tools in a single turn. In practice, most batches contain 1-2 tools, so the impact is minimal. The benefit of being able to interrupt outweighs the cost.
+
+### Why skip remaining tools (instead of letting them finish)
+
+Two strategies were considered when a steering message is detected mid-batch:
+
+1. **Skip remaining tools** (chosen) — stop executing, mark the rest as skipped, inject steering
+2. **Finish all tools, then inject** — let everything run, append steering afterwards
+
+Strategy 2 was rejected for three reasons:
+
+**Irreversible side effects.** Tools can send emails, write files, spawn subagents, or call external APIs. If the user says "stop" or "change direction", those actions have already happened and cannot be undone.
+
+| Tool batch | Steering | Skip (1) | Finish (2) |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `[search, send_email]` | "don't send it" | Email not sent | Email sent |
+| `[query, write_file, spawn]` | "wrong database" | Only query runs | File + subagent wasted |
+| `[fetch₁, fetch₂, fetch₃, write]` | topic change | 1 fetch | 3 fetches + write, all discarded |
+
+**Wasted latency.** Tools like web fetches and API calls take seconds each. In a 3-tool batch averaging 3-4s per tool, the user would wait 10+ seconds for work that gets thrown away.
+
+**The LLM retains full awareness.** Skipped tools receive an explicit `"Skipped due to queued user message."` result, so the model knows what was not done and can decide whether to re-execute with the new context or take a different path.
+
+## The Continue() method
+
+`Continue` handles the case where the agent is **idle** (its last message was from the assistant) and the user has enqueued steering messages in the meantime.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    A[Continue called] --> B{dequeueSteeringMessages}
+    B -->|empty| C["return ('', nil)"]
+    B -->|messages found| D[Combine message contents]
+    D --> E["runAgentLoop with<br/>SkipInitialSteeringPoll: true"]
+    E --> F[Return response]
+```
+
+**Why `SkipInitialSteeringPoll: true`?** Because `Continue` already dequeued the messages itself. Without this flag, `runLLMIteration` would poll again at the start and find nothing (the queue is already empty), or worse, double-process if new messages arrived in the meantime.
+
+## Configuration
+
+```json
+{
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "steering_mode": "one-at-a-time"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+| Field | Type | Default | Env var |
+|-------|------|---------|---------|
+| `steering_mode` | `string` | `"one-at-a-time"` | `PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_STEERING_MODE` |
+
+
+## Design decisions and trade-offs
+
+| Decision | Rationale |
+|----------|-----------|
+| Sequential tool execution | Required for per-tool steering polls. Parallel execution cannot be interrupted mid-batch. |
+| Polling-based (not channel/signal) | Keeps the implementation simple. No need for `select` or signal channels. The polling cost is negligible (mutex lock + slice length check). |
+| `one-at-a-time` as default | Gives the model a chance to react to each steering message individually. More predictable behavior than dumping all messages at once. |
+| Skipped tools get explicit error results | The LLM protocol requires a tool result for every tool call in the assistant message. Omitting them would cause API errors. The skip message also informs the model about what was not done. |
+| `Continue()` uses `SkipInitialSteeringPoll` | Prevents race conditions and double-dequeuing when resuming an idle agent. |
+| Queue stored on `AgentLoop`, not `AgentInstance` | Steering is a loop-level concern (it affects the iteration flow), not a per-agent concern. All agents share the same steering queue since `processMessage` is sequential. |
+| Bus drain goroutine in `Run()` | Channels (Telegram, Discord, etc.) publish to the bus via `PublishInbound`. Without the drain, messages would queue in the bus channel buffer and only be consumed after `processMessage` returns — defeating the purpose of steering. The drain goroutine bridges the gap by consuming new bus messages and calling `Steer()` while the agent is busy. |
+| Audio transcription before steering | The drain goroutine calls `al.transcribeAudioInMessage(ctx, msg)` before steering, so voice messages are converted to text before the agent sees them. If transcription fails, the error is silently discarded and the original message is steered as-is. |
+| `MaxQueueSize = 10` | Prevents unbounded memory growth if a user sends many messages while the agent is busy. Excess messages are dropped with a warning. |
diff --git a/docs/docker.md b/docs/docker.md
index f868d4a42..a00dfbe9f 100644
--- a/docs/docker.md
+++ b/docs/docker.md
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml --profile gateway up -d
 > [!TIP]
 > **Docker Users**: By default, the Gateway listens on `127.0.0.1` which is not accessible from the host. If you need to access the health endpoints or expose ports, set `PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOST=0.0.0.0` in your environment or update `config.json`.
 
+> [!NOTE]
+> The `gateway` profile only serves the webhook handlers (including Pico when enabled) and health endpoints on the gateway port, so it does not expose generic REST chat endpoints such as `/chat` or `/a2a`. Launcher mode adds the browser UI plus `/api/pico/token` and a `/pico/ws` proxy on the launcher port, but `/pico/ws` is also available directly on the gateway whenever the Pico channel is enabled.
+
 ```bash
 # 5. Check logs
 docker compose -f docker/docker-compose.yml logs -f picoclaw-gateway
diff --git a/docs/fr/chat-apps.md b/docs/fr/chat-apps.md
index 67422e0ec..c36e002ff 100644
--- a/docs/fr/chat-apps.md
+++ b/docs/fr/chat-apps.md
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Communiquez avec votre PicoClaw via Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix, QQ, Din
 | **Telegram**         | ⭐ Facile          | Recommandé, transcription vocale, long polling (pas d'IP publique requise) | [Documentation](../channels/telegram/README.fr.md)                                                  |
 | **Discord**          | ⭐ Facile          | Socket Mode, groupes/DM, écosystème bot riche         | [Documentation](../channels/discord/README.fr.md)                                                               |
 | **WhatsApp**         | ⭐ Facile          | Natif (scan QR) ou Bridge URL                         | [Documentation](#whatsapp)                                                                                       |
+| **Weixin**           | ⭐ Facile          | Scan QR natif (API Tencent iLink)                     | [Documentation](#weixin)                                                                                         |
 | **Slack**            | ⭐ Facile          | **Socket Mode** (pas d'IP publique requise), entreprise | [Documentation](../channels/slack/README.fr.md)                                                                |
 | **Matrix**           | ⭐⭐ Moyen         | Protocole fédéré, auto-hébergement possible           | [Documentation](../channels/matrix/README.fr.md)                                                                |
 | **QQ**               | ⭐⭐ Moyen         | API bot officielle, communauté chinoise               | [Documentation](../channels/qq/README.fr.md)                                                                    |
@@ -20,11 +21,12 @@ Communiquez avec votre PicoClaw via Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix, QQ, Din
 | **LINE**             | ⭐⭐⭐ Avancé      | HTTPS Webhook requis                                  | [Documentation](../channels/line/README.fr.md)                                                                  |
 | **WeCom (企业微信)** | ⭐⭐⭐ Avancé      | Bot groupe (Webhook), app personnalisée (API), AI Bot | [Bot](../channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.fr.md) / [App](../channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.fr.md) / [AI Bot](../channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.fr.md) |
 | **Feishu (飞书)**    | ⭐⭐⭐ Avancé      | Collaboration entreprise, fonctionnalités riches      | [Documentation](../channels/feishu/README.fr.md)                                                                |
-| **IRC**              | ⭐⭐ Moyen         | Serveur + configuration TLS                           | -                                                                                                                |
+| **IRC**              | ⭐⭐ Moyen         | Serveur + configuration TLS                           | [Documentation](#irc) |
 | **OneBot**           | ⭐⭐ Moyen         | Compatible NapCat/Go-CQHTTP, écosystème communautaire | [Documentation](../channels/onebot/README.fr.md)                                                                |
 | **MaixCam**          | ⭐ Facile          | Canal d'intégration matérielle pour caméras AI Sipeed | [Documentation](../channels/maixcam/README.fr.md)                                                               |
 | **Pico**             | ⭐ Facile          | Canal protocole natif PicoClaw                        |                                                                                                                  |
 
+<a id="telegram"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Telegram</b> (Recommandé)</summary>
 
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@ Si l'enregistrement des commandes échoue (erreurs transitoires réseau/API), le
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="discord"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Discord</b></summary>
 
@@ -138,6 +141,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="whatsapp"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>WhatsApp</b> (natif via whatsmeow)</summary>
 
@@ -165,6 +169,43 @@ Si `session_store_path` est vide, la session est stockée dans `<workspace>/what
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="weixin"></a>
+<details>
+<summary><b>Weixin</b> (WeChat Personnel)</summary>
+
+PicoClaw prend en charge la connexion à votre compte WeChat personnel via l'API officielle Tencent iLink.
+
+**1. Connexion**
+
+Lancez le flux de connexion interactif par QR code :
+```bash
+picoclaw auth weixin
+```
+Scannez le QR code affiché avec votre application WeChat mobile. Une fois connecté, le token est sauvegardé dans votre configuration.
+
+**2. Configurer**
+
+(Optionnel) Ajoutez votre identifiant utilisateur WeChat dans `allow_from` pour restreindre qui peut envoyer des messages au bot :
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "weixin": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
+      "allow_from": ["YOUR_USER_ID"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**3. Lancer**
+```bash
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<a id="qq"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>QQ</b></summary>
 
@@ -206,6 +247,7 @@ Si vous préférez créer le bot manuellement :
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="dingtalk"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>DingTalk</b></summary>
 
@@ -239,6 +281,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 ```
 </details>
 
+<a id="matrix"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Matrix</b></summary>
 
@@ -273,6 +316,7 @@ Pour toutes les options (`device_id`, `join_on_invite`, `group_trigger`, `placeh
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="line"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>LINE</b></summary>
 
@@ -321,6 +365,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="wecom"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>WeCom (企业微信)</b></summary>
 
@@ -435,6 +480,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="feishu"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Feishu (飞书)</b></summary>
 
@@ -476,6 +522,7 @@ Pour toutes les options, voir le [Guide de Configuration du Canal Feishu](../cha
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="slack"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Slack</b></summary>
 
@@ -509,6 +556,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="irc"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>IRC</b></summary>
 
@@ -542,6 +590,7 @@ Le bot se connectera au serveur IRC et rejoindra les canaux spécifiés.
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="onebot"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>OneBot (QQ via protocole OneBot)</b></summary>
 
@@ -580,6 +629,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="maixcam"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>MaixCam</b></summary>
 
diff --git a/docs/fr/configuration.md b/docs/fr/configuration.md
index d56da2cad..8d94620ba 100644
--- a/docs/fr/configuration.md
+++ b/docs/fr/configuration.md
@@ -214,5 +214,150 @@ L'agent lira ce fichier toutes les 30 minutes (configurable) et exécutera toute
 Pour les tâches longues (recherche web, appels API), utilisez l'outil `spawn` pour créer un **subagent** :
 
 ```markdown
-# Periodic Tasks
+# Tâches Périodiques
+
+## Tâches Rapides (répondre directement)
+
+- Indiquer l'heure actuelle
+
+## Tâches Longues (utiliser spawn pour l'asynchrone)
+
+- Rechercher les actualités IA sur le web et résumer
+- Vérifier les e-mails et signaler les messages importants
 ```
+
+**Comportements clés :**
+
+| Fonctionnalité   | Description                                                        |
+| ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| **spawn**        | Crée un subagent asynchrone, ne bloque pas le heartbeat            |
+| **Contexte indépendant** | Le subagent a son propre contexte, sans historique de session |
+| **message tool** | Le subagent communique directement avec l'utilisateur              |
+| **Non-bloquant** | Après le spawn, le heartbeat continue vers la tâche suivante       |
+
+#### Flux de Communication du Subagent
+
+```
+Heartbeat déclenché
+    ↓
+Agent lit HEARTBEAT.md
+    ↓
+Tâche longue : spawn subagent
+    ↓                           ↓
+Continue tâche suivante    Subagent travaille indépendamment
+    ↓                           ↓
+Toutes tâches terminées    Subagent utilise "message" tool
+    ↓                           ↓
+Répond HEARTBEAT_OK        Utilisateur reçoit le résultat
+```
+
+**Configuration :**
+
+```json
+{
+  "heartbeat": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "interval": 30
+  }
+}
+```
+
+| Option     | Défaut | Description                              |
+| ---------- | ------ | ---------------------------------------- |
+| `enabled`  | `true` | Activer/désactiver le heartbeat          |
+| `interval` | `30`   | Intervalle en minutes (minimum : 5)      |
+
+**Variables d'environnement :**
+
+* `PICOCLAW_HEARTBEAT_ENABLED=false` pour désactiver
+* `PICOCLAW_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL=60` pour changer l'intervalle
+
+### Providers
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Groq fournit une transcription vocale gratuite via Whisper. Si configuré, les messages audio de n'importe quel canal seront automatiquement transcrits au niveau de l'agent.
+
+| Provider     | Usage                                   | Obtenir une clé API                                          |
+| ------------ | --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| `gemini`     | LLM (Gemini direct)                     | [aistudio.google.com](https://aistudio.google.com)           |
+| `zhipu`      | LLM (Zhipu direct)                      | [bigmodel.cn](https://bigmodel.cn)                           |
+| `volcengine` | LLM (Volcengine direct)                 | [volcengine.com](https://www.volcengine.com/activity/codingplan?utm_campaign=PicoClaw&utm_content=PicoClaw&utm_medium=devrel&utm_source=OWO&utm_term=PicoClaw) |
+| `openrouter` | LLM (recommandé, accès à tous modèles)  | [openrouter.ai](https://openrouter.ai)                       |
+| `anthropic`  | LLM (Claude direct)                     | [console.anthropic.com](https://console.anthropic.com)       |
+| `openai`     | LLM (GPT direct)                        | [platform.openai.com](https://platform.openai.com)           |
+| `deepseek`   | LLM (DeepSeek direct)                   | [platform.deepseek.com](https://platform.deepseek.com)       |
+| `qwen`       | LLM (Qwen direct)                       | [dashscope.console.aliyun.com](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com) |
+| `groq`       | LLM + **Transcription vocale** (Whisper)| [console.groq.com](https://console.groq.com)                 |
+| `cerebras`   | LLM (Cerebras direct)                   | [cerebras.ai](https://cerebras.ai)                           |
+| `vivgrid`    | LLM (Vivgrid direct)                    | [vivgrid.com](https://vivgrid.com)                           |
+
+### Configuration des Modèles (model_list)
+
+> **Nouveauté :** PicoClaw utilise désormais une approche **centrée sur le modèle**. Spécifiez simplement le format `vendor/model` (ex. `zhipu/glm-4.7`) pour ajouter de nouveaux providers — **aucune modification de code requise !**
+
+#### Tous les Vendors Supportés
+
+| Vendor                  | Préfixe `model` | API Base par défaut                                 | Protocole | API Key                                                          |
+| ----------------------- | --------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **OpenAI**              | `openai/`       | `https://api.openai.com/v1`                         | OpenAI    | [Obtenir](https://platform.openai.com)                           |
+| **Anthropic**           | `anthropic/`    | `https://api.anthropic.com/v1`                      | Anthropic | [Obtenir](https://console.anthropic.com)                         |
+| **智谱 AI (GLM)**       | `zhipu/`        | `https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4`              | OpenAI    | [Obtenir](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys) |
+| **DeepSeek**            | `deepseek/`     | `https://api.deepseek.com/v1`                       | OpenAI    | [Obtenir](https://platform.deepseek.com)                         |
+| **Google Gemini**       | `gemini/`       | `https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta`  | OpenAI    | [Obtenir](https://aistudio.google.com/api-keys)                  |
+| **Groq**                | `groq/`         | `https://api.groq.com/openai/v1`                    | OpenAI    | [Obtenir](https://console.groq.com)                              |
+| **通义千问 (Qwen)**     | `qwen/`         | `https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1` | OpenAI    | [Obtenir](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com)                  |
+| **Ollama**              | `ollama/`       | `http://localhost:11434/v1`                         | OpenAI    | Local (pas de clé)                                               |
+| **OpenRouter**          | `openrouter/`   | `https://openrouter.ai/api/v1`                      | OpenAI    | [Obtenir](https://openrouter.ai/keys)                            |
+| **VolcEngine (Doubao)** | `volcengine/`   | `https://ark.cn-beijing.volces.com/api/v3`          | OpenAI    | [Obtenir](https://www.volcengine.com/activity/codingplan?utm_campaign=PicoClaw&utm_content=PicoClaw&utm_medium=devrel&utm_source=OWO&utm_term=PicoClaw) |
+| **Antigravity**         | `antigravity/`  | Google Cloud                                        | Custom    | OAuth uniquement                                                 |
+
+#### Équilibrage de Charge
+
+Configurez plusieurs endpoints pour le même nom de modèle — PicoClaw effectuera automatiquement un round-robin :
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    { "model_name": "gpt-5.4", "model": "openai/gpt-5.4", "api_base": "https://api1.example.com/v1", "api_key": "sk-key1" },
+    { "model_name": "gpt-5.4", "model": "openai/gpt-5.4", "api_base": "https://api2.example.com/v1", "api_key": "sk-key2" }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+#### Migration depuis l'ancienne config `providers`
+
+L'ancienne configuration `providers` est **dépréciée** mais toujours supportée. Voir [docs/migration/model-list-migration.md](../migration/model-list-migration.md).
+
+### Architecture des Providers
+
+PicoClaw route les providers par famille de protocole :
+
+- **Compatible OpenAI** : OpenRouter, Groq, Zhipu, endpoints vLLM et la plupart des autres.
+- **Anthropic** : Comportement natif de l'API Claude.
+- **Codex/OAuth** : Route d'authentification OAuth/token OpenAI.
+
+### Tâches Planifiées / Rappels
+
+PicoClaw supporte les tâches planifiées via l'outil `cron`. L'agent peut définir, lister et annuler des rappels ou tâches récurrentes.
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "cron": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "exec_timeout_minutes": 5
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Les tâches planifiées persistent après redémarrage dans `~/.picoclaw/workspace/cron/`.
+
+### Sujets Avancés
+
+| Sujet | Description |
+| ----- | ----------- |
+| [Système de Hooks](../hooks/README.md) | Hooks événementiels : observateurs, intercepteurs, hooks d'approbation |
+| [Steering](../steering.md) | Injecter des messages dans une boucle agent en cours d'exécution |
+| [SubTurn](../subturn.md) | Coordination de subagents, contrôle de concurrence, cycle de vie |
+| [Gestion du Contexte](../agent-refactor/context.md) | Détection des limites de contexte, compression |
diff --git a/docs/fr/tools_configuration.md b/docs/fr/tools_configuration.md
index f6e1c0374..1324d49e5 100644
--- a/docs/fr/tools_configuration.md
+++ b/docs/fr/tools_configuration.md
@@ -41,14 +41,6 @@ Paramètres généraux pour la récupération et le traitement du contenu des pa
 | `fetch_limit_bytes` | int    | 10485760      | Taille maximale du contenu de la page web à récupérer, en octets (par défaut 10 Mo).          |
 | `format`            | string | "plaintext"   | Format de sortie du contenu récupéré. Options : `plaintext` ou `markdown` (recommandé).       |
 
-### Brave
-
-| Config        | Type   | Par défaut | Description               |
-|---------------|--------|------------|---------------------------|
-| `enabled`     | bool   | false      | Activer la recherche Brave |
-| `api_key`     | string | -          | Clé API Brave Search      |
-| `max_results` | int    | 5          | Nombre maximum de résultats |
-
 ### DuckDuckGo
 
 | Config        | Type | Par défaut | Description                    |
@@ -56,13 +48,73 @@ Paramètres généraux pour la récupération et le traitement du contenu des pa
 | `enabled`     | bool | true       | Activer la recherche DuckDuckGo |
 | `max_results` | int  | 5          | Nombre maximum de résultats    |
 
+### Baidu Search
+
+| Config        | Type   | Par défaut                                                      | Description                        |
+|---------------|--------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool   | false                                                           | Activer la recherche Baidu         |
+| `api_key`     | string | -                                                               | Clé API Qianfan                    |
+| `base_url`    | string | `https://qianfan.baidubce.com/v2/ai_search/web_search`         | URL de l'API Baidu Search          |
+| `max_results` | int    | 10                                                              | Nombre maximum de résultats        |
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "web": {
+      "baidu_search": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "api_key": "YOUR_BAIDU_QIANFAN_API_KEY",
+        "max_results": 10
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
 ### Perplexity
 
 | Config        | Type   | Par défaut | Description                    |
 |---------------|--------|------------|--------------------------------|
-| `enabled`     | bool   | false      | Activer la recherche Perplexity |
-| `api_key`     | string | -          | Clé API Perplexity             |
-| `max_results` | int    | 5          | Nombre maximum de résultats    |
+| `enabled`     | bool     | false      | Activer la recherche Perplexity                              |
+| `api_key`     | string   | -          | Clé API Perplexity                                           |
+| `api_keys`    | string[] | -          | Plusieurs clés API Perplexity pour la rotation (`api_key` prioritaire) |
+| `max_results` | int      | 5          | Nombre maximum de résultats                                  |
+
+### Brave
+
+| Config        | Type   | Par défaut | Description               |
+|---------------|--------|------------|---------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool     | false      | Activer la recherche Brave                                   |
+| `api_key`     | string   | -          | Clé API Brave Search                                         |
+| `api_keys`    | string[] | -          | Plusieurs clés API Brave Search pour la rotation (`api_key` prioritaire) |
+| `max_results` | int      | 5          | Nombre maximum de résultats                                  |
+
+### Tavily
+
+| Config        | Type   | Par défaut | Description                        |
+|---------------|--------|------------|------------------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool   | false      | Activer la recherche Tavily        |
+| `api_key`     | string | -          | Clé API Tavily                     |
+| `base_url`    | string | -          | URL de base Tavily personnalisée   |
+| `max_results` | int    | 0          | Nombre maximum de résultats (0 = défaut) |
+
+### SearXNG
+
+| Config        | Type   | Par défaut               | Description                    |
+|---------------|--------|--------------------------|--------------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool   | false                    | Activer la recherche SearXNG   |
+| `base_url`    | string | `http://localhost:8888`  | URL de l'instance SearXNG      |
+| `max_results` | int    | 5                        | Nombre maximum de résultats    |
+
+### GLM Search
+
+| Config          | Type   | Par défaut                                           | Description               |
+|-----------------|--------|------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|
+| `enabled`       | bool   | false                                                | Activer GLM Search        |
+| `api_key`       | string | -                                                    | Clé API GLM               |
+| `base_url`      | string | `https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4/web_search`   | URL de l'API GLM Search   |
+| `search_engine` | string | `search_std`                                         | Type de moteur de recherche |
+| `max_results`   | int    | 5                                                    | Nombre maximum de résultats |
 
 ## Outil Exec
 
diff --git a/docs/hooks/README.md b/docs/hooks/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec3bbc46a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/hooks/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+# Hook System Guide
+
+This document describes the hook system that is implemented in the current repository, not the older design draft.
+
+The current implementation supports two mounting modes:
+
+1. In-process hooks
+2. Out-of-process process hooks (`JSON-RPC over stdio`)
+
+The repository no longer ships standalone example source files. The Go and Python examples below are embedded directly in this document. If you want to use them, copy them into your own local files first.
+
+## Supported Hook Types
+
+| Type | Interface | Stage | Can modify data |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Observer | `EventObserver` | EventBus broadcast | No |
+| LLM interceptor | `LLMInterceptor` | `before_llm` / `after_llm` | Yes |
+| Tool interceptor | `ToolInterceptor` | `before_tool` / `after_tool` | Yes |
+| Tool approver | `ToolApprover` | `approve_tool` | No, returns allow/deny |
+
+The currently exposed synchronous hook points are:
+
+- `before_llm`
+- `after_llm`
+- `before_tool`
+- `after_tool`
+- `approve_tool`
+
+Everything else is exposed as read-only events.
+
+## Execution Order
+
+`HookManager` sorts hooks like this:
+
+1. In-process hooks first
+2. Process hooks second
+3. Lower `priority` first within the same source
+4. Name order as the final tie-breaker
+
+## Timeouts
+
+Global defaults live under `hooks.defaults`:
+
+- `observer_timeout_ms`
+- `interceptor_timeout_ms`
+- `approval_timeout_ms`
+
+Note: the current implementation does not support per-process-hook `timeout_ms`. Timeouts are global defaults.
+
+## Quick Start
+
+If your first goal is simply to prove that the hook flow works and observe real requests, the easiest path is the Python process-hook example below:
+
+1. Enable `hooks.enabled`
+2. Save the Python example from this document to a local file, for example `/tmp/review_gate.py`
+3. Set `PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE`
+4. Restart the gateway
+5. Watch the log file with `tail -f`
+
+Example:
+
+```json
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "processes": {
+      "py_review_gate": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "priority": 100,
+        "transport": "stdio",
+        "command": [
+          "python3",
+          "/tmp/review_gate.py"
+        ],
+        "observe": [
+          "tool_exec_start",
+          "tool_exec_end",
+          "tool_exec_skipped"
+        ],
+        "intercept": [
+          "before_tool",
+          "approve_tool"
+        ],
+        "env": {
+          "PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE": "/tmp/picoclaw-hook-review-gate.log"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Watch it with:
+
+```bash
+tail -f /tmp/picoclaw-hook-review-gate.log
+```
+
+If you are developing PicoClaw itself rather than only validating the protocol, continue with the Go in-process example as well.
+
+## What The Two Examples Are For
+
+- Go in-process example
+  Best for validating the host-side hook chain and understanding `MountHook()` plus the synchronous stages
+- Python process example
+  Best for understanding the `JSON-RPC over stdio` protocol and verifying the message flow between PicoClaw and an external process
+
+Both examples are intentionally safe: they only log, never rewrite, and never deny.
+
+## Go In-Process Example
+
+The following is a minimal logging hook for in-process use. It implements:
+
+1. `EventObserver`
+2. `LLMInterceptor`
+3. `ToolInterceptor`
+4. `ToolApprover`
+
+It only records activity. It does not rewrite requests or reject tools.
+
+You can save it as your own Go file, for example `pkg/myhooks/example_logger.go`:
+
+```go
+package myhooks
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/agent"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+type ExampleLoggerHookOptions struct {
+	LogFile   string `json:"log_file,omitempty"`
+	LogEvents bool   `json:"log_events,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type ExampleLoggerHook struct {
+	logFile   string
+	logEvents bool
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+}
+
+func NewExampleLoggerHook(opts ExampleLoggerHookOptions) *ExampleLoggerHook {
+	return &ExampleLoggerHook{
+		logFile:   strings.TrimSpace(opts.LogFile),
+		logEvents: opts.LogEvents,
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) OnEvent(ctx context.Context, evt agent.Event) error {
+	_ = ctx
+	if h == nil || !h.logEvents {
+		return nil
+	}
+	h.record("event", evt.Meta, map[string]any{
+		"event":   evt.Kind.String(),
+		"payload": evt.Payload,
+	}, nil)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) BeforeLLM(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	req *agent.LLMHookRequest,
+) (*agent.LLMHookRequest, agent.HookDecision, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	h.record("before_llm", req.Meta, req, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue})
+	return req, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue}, nil
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) AfterLLM(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	resp *agent.LLMHookResponse,
+) (*agent.LLMHookResponse, agent.HookDecision, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	h.record("after_llm", resp.Meta, resp, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue})
+	return resp, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue}, nil
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) BeforeTool(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	call *agent.ToolCallHookRequest,
+) (*agent.ToolCallHookRequest, agent.HookDecision, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	h.record("before_tool", call.Meta, call, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue})
+	return call, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue}, nil
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) AfterTool(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	result *agent.ToolResultHookResponse,
+) (*agent.ToolResultHookResponse, agent.HookDecision, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	h.record("after_tool", result.Meta, result, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue})
+	return result, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue}, nil
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) ApproveTool(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	req *agent.ToolApprovalRequest,
+) (agent.ApprovalDecision, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	decision := agent.ApprovalDecision{Approved: true}
+	h.record("approve_tool", req.Meta, req, decision)
+	return decision, nil
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) record(stage string, meta agent.EventMeta, payload any, decision any) {
+	logger.InfoCF("hooks", "Example hook observed", map[string]any{
+		"stage": stage,
+	})
+	if h == nil || h.logFile == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	entry := map[string]any{
+		"ts":       time.Now().UTC(),
+		"stage":    stage,
+		"meta":     meta,
+		"payload":  payload,
+		"decision": decision,
+	}
+
+	body, err := json.Marshal(entry)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Example hook log encode failed", map[string]any{
+			"stage": stage,
+			"error": err.Error(),
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if dir := filepath.Dir(h.logFile); dir != "" && dir != "." {
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+			logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Example hook log mkdir failed", map[string]any{
+				"stage": stage,
+				"path":  h.logFile,
+				"error": err.Error(),
+			})
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	file, err := os.OpenFile(h.logFile, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0o644)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Example hook log open failed", map[string]any{
+			"stage": stage,
+			"path":  h.logFile,
+			"error": err.Error(),
+		})
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = file.Close() }()
+
+	if _, err := file.Write(append(body, '\n')); err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Example hook log write failed", map[string]any{
+			"stage": stage,
+			"path":  h.logFile,
+			"error": err.Error(),
+		})
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### Mounting It In Code
+
+If code mounting is enough, call this after `AgentLoop` is initialized:
+
+```go
+hook := myhooks.NewExampleLoggerHook(myhooks.ExampleLoggerHookOptions{
+    LogFile:   "/tmp/picoclaw-hook-example-logger.log",
+    LogEvents: true,
+})
+
+if err := al.MountHook(agent.NamedHook("example-logger", hook)); err != nil {
+    panic(err)
+}
+```
+
+### If You Also Want Config Mounting
+
+The hook system supports builtin hooks, but that requires you to compile the factory into your binary. In practice, that means you need registration code like this alongside the hook definition above:
+
+```go
+package myhooks
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/agent"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	if err := agent.RegisterBuiltinHook("example_logger", func(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		spec config.BuiltinHookConfig,
+	) (any, error) {
+		_ = ctx
+
+		var opts ExampleLoggerHookOptions
+		if len(spec.Config) > 0 {
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(spec.Config, &opts); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode example_logger config: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+		return NewExampleLoggerHook(opts), nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+```
+
+Only after you register that builtin will the following config work:
+
+```json
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "builtins": {
+      "example_logger": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "priority": 10,
+        "config": {
+          "log_file": "/tmp/picoclaw-hook-example-logger.log",
+          "log_events": true
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### How To Observe It
+
+- If `log_file` is set, each hook call is appended as JSON Lines
+- If `log_file` is not set, the hook still writes summaries to the gateway log
+- Requests that only hit the LLM path usually show `before_llm` and `after_llm`
+- Requests that trigger tools usually also show `before_tool`, `approve_tool`, and `after_tool`
+- If `log_events=true`, you will also see `event`
+
+Typical log lines:
+
+```json
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:10:00Z","stage":"before_tool","meta":{"session_key":"session-1"},"payload":{"tool":"echo_text","arguments":{"text":"hello"}},"decision":{"action":"continue"}}
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:10:00Z","stage":"approve_tool","meta":{"session_key":"session-1"},"payload":{"tool":"echo_text","arguments":{"text":"hello"}},"decision":{"approved":true}}
+```
+
+If you only see `before_llm` and `after_llm`, that usually means the request did not trigger any tool call, not that the hook failed to mount.
+
+## Python Process-Hook Example
+
+The following script is a minimal process-hook example. It uses only the Python standard library and supports:
+
+1. `hook.hello`
+2. `hook.event`
+3. `hook.before_tool`
+4. `hook.approve_tool`
+
+It only records activity. It does not rewrite or deny anything.
+
+Save it to any local path, for example `/tmp/review_gate.py`:
+
+```python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import signal
+import sys
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import Any
+
+LOG_EVENTS = os.getenv("PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_EVENTS", "1").lower() not in {"0", "false", "no"}
+LOG_FILE = os.getenv("PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE", "").strip()
+
+
+def append_log(entry: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    if not LOG_FILE:
+        return
+
+    payload = {
+        "ts": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
+        **entry,
+    }
+    try:
+        log_dir = os.path.dirname(LOG_FILE)
+        if log_dir:
+            os.makedirs(log_dir, exist_ok=True)
+        with open(LOG_FILE, "a", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
+            handle.write(json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii=True) + "\n")
+    except OSError as exc:
+        log_stderr(f"failed to write hook log file {LOG_FILE}: {exc}")
+
+
+def send_response(message_id: int, result: Any | None = None, error: str | None = None) -> None:
+    payload: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+        "id": message_id,
+    }
+    if error is not None:
+        payload["error"] = {"code": -32000, "message": error}
+    else:
+        payload["result"] = result if result is not None else {}
+
+    append_log({
+        "direction": "out",
+        "id": message_id,
+        "response": payload.get("result"),
+        "error": payload.get("error"),
+    })
+
+    try:
+        sys.stdout.write(json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii=True) + "\n")
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+    except BrokenPipeError:
+        raise SystemExit(0) from None
+
+
+def log_stderr(message: str) -> None:
+    try:
+        sys.stderr.write(message + "\n")
+        sys.stderr.flush()
+    except BrokenPipeError:
+        raise SystemExit(0) from None
+
+
+def handle_shutdown_signal(signum: int, _frame: Any) -> None:
+    raise KeyboardInterrupt(f"received signal {signum}")
+
+
+def handle_before_tool(params: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    _ = params
+    return {"action": "continue"}
+
+
+def handle_approve_tool(params: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    _ = params
+    return {"approved": True}
+
+
+def handle_request(method: str, params: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    if method == "hook.hello":
+        return {"ok": True, "name": "python-review-gate"}
+    if method == "hook.before_tool":
+        return handle_before_tool(params)
+    if method == "hook.approve_tool":
+        return handle_approve_tool(params)
+    if method == "hook.before_llm":
+        return {"action": "continue"}
+    if method == "hook.after_llm":
+        return {"action": "continue"}
+    if method == "hook.after_tool":
+        return {"action": "continue"}
+    raise KeyError(f"method not found: {method}")
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    try:
+        for raw_line in sys.stdin:
+            line = raw_line.strip()
+            if not line:
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                message = json.loads(line)
+            except json.JSONDecodeError as exc:
+                log_stderr(f"failed to decode request: {exc}")
+                append_log({
+                    "direction": "in",
+                    "decode_error": str(exc),
+                    "raw": line,
+                })
+                continue
+
+            method = message.get("method")
+            message_id = message.get("id", 0)
+            params = message.get("params") or {}
+            if not isinstance(params, dict):
+                params = {}
+
+            append_log({
+                "direction": "in",
+                "id": message_id,
+                "method": method,
+                "params": params,
+                "notification": not bool(message_id),
+            })
+
+            if not message_id:
+                if method == "hook.event" and LOG_EVENTS:
+                    log_stderr(f"observed event: {params.get('Kind')}")
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                result = handle_request(str(method or ""), params)
+            except KeyError as exc:
+                send_response(int(message_id), error=str(exc))
+                continue
+            except Exception as exc:
+                send_response(int(message_id), error=f"unexpected error: {exc}")
+                continue
+
+            send_response(int(message_id), result=result)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        return 0
+
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, handle_shutdown_signal)
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, handle_shutdown_signal)
+    raise SystemExit(main())
+```
+
+### Configuration
+
+```json
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "processes": {
+      "py_review_gate": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "priority": 100,
+        "transport": "stdio",
+        "command": [
+          "python3",
+          "/abs/path/to/review_gate.py"
+        ],
+        "observe": [
+          "tool_exec_start",
+          "tool_exec_end",
+          "tool_exec_skipped"
+        ],
+        "intercept": [
+          "before_tool",
+          "approve_tool"
+        ],
+        "env": {
+          "PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE": "/tmp/picoclaw-hook-review-gate.log"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Environment Variables
+
+- `PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_EVENTS`
+  Whether to write `hook.event` summaries to `stderr`, enabled by default
+- `PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE`
+  Path to an external log file. When set, the script appends inbound hook requests, notifications, and outbound responses as JSON Lines
+
+Note: `PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE` has no default. If you do not set it, the script does not write any file logs.
+
+### How To Confirm It Received Hooks
+
+Watch two places:
+
+- Gateway logs
+  Useful for confirming that the host successfully started the process and for seeing event summaries written to `stderr`
+- `PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE`
+  Useful for seeing the exact requests the script received and the exact responses it returned
+
+Typical interpretation:
+
+- Only `hook.hello`
+  The process started and completed the handshake, but no business hook request has arrived yet
+- `hook.event`
+  The `observe` configuration is working
+- `hook.before_tool`
+  The `intercept: ["before_tool", ...]` configuration is working
+- `hook.approve_tool`
+  The approval hook path is working
+
+Because this example never rewrites or denies, the expected responses look like:
+
+```json
+{"direction":"out","id":7,"response":{"action":"continue"},"error":null}
+{"direction":"out","id":8,"response":{"approved":true},"error":null}
+```
+
+A complete sample:
+
+```json
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:12:00+00:00","direction":"in","id":1,"method":"hook.hello","params":{"name":"py_review_gate","version":1,"modes":["observe","tool","approve"]},"notification":false}
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:12:00+00:00","direction":"out","id":1,"response":{"ok":true,"name":"python-review-gate"},"error":null}
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:12:05+00:00","direction":"in","id":0,"method":"hook.event","params":{"Kind":"tool_exec_start"},"notification":true}
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:12:05+00:00","direction":"in","id":7,"method":"hook.before_tool","params":{"tool":"echo_text","arguments":{"text":"hello"}},"notification":false}
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:12:05+00:00","direction":"out","id":7,"response":{"action":"continue"},"error":null}
+```
+
+Additional notes:
+
+- Timestamps are UTC
+- `notification=true` means it was a notification such as `hook.event`, which does not expect a response
+- `id` increases within a single hook process; if the process restarts, the counter starts over
+
+## Process-Hook Protocol
+
+Current process hooks use `JSON-RPC over stdio`:
+
+- PicoClaw starts the external process
+- Requests and responses are exchanged as one JSON message per line
+- `hook.event` is a notification and does not need a response
+- `hook.before_llm`, `hook.after_llm`, `hook.before_tool`, `hook.after_tool`, and `hook.approve_tool` are request/response calls
+
+The host does not currently accept new RPCs initiated by the process hook. In practice, that means an external hook can only respond to PicoClaw calls; it cannot call back into the host to send channel messages.
+
+## Configuration Fields
+
+### `hooks.builtins.<name>`
+
+- `enabled`
+- `priority`
+- `config`
+
+### `hooks.processes.<name>`
+
+- `enabled`
+- `priority`
+- `transport`
+  Currently only `stdio` is supported
+- `command`
+- `dir`
+- `env`
+- `observe`
+- `intercept`
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+If a hook looks like it is not firing, check these in order:
+
+1. `hooks.enabled`
+2. Whether the target builtin or process hook is `enabled`
+3. Whether the process-hook `command` path is correct
+4. Whether you are watching the correct log file
+5. Whether the current request actually reached the stage you care about
+6. Whether `observe` or `intercept` contains the hook point you want
+
+A practical minimal troubleshooting pair is:
+
+- Use the Python process-hook example from this document to validate the external protocol
+- Use the Go in-process example from this document to validate the host-side chain
+
+If the Python side shows `hook.hello` but no business hook requests, the protocol is usually fine; the current request simply did not trigger the stage you expected.
+
+## Scope And Limits
+
+The current hook system is best suited for:
+
+- LLM request rewriting
+- Tool argument normalization
+- Pre-execution tool approval
+- Auditing and observability
+
+It is not yet well suited for:
+
+- External hooks actively sending channel messages
+- Suspending a turn and waiting for human approval replies
+- Full inbound/outbound message interception across the whole platform
+
+If you want a real human approval workflow, use hooks as the approval entry point and keep the state machine plus channel interaction in a separate `ApprovalManager`.
diff --git a/docs/hooks/README.zh.md b/docs/hooks/README.zh.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46c7c9392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/hooks/README.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+# Hook 系统使用说明
+
+这份文档对应当前仓库里已经实现的 hook 系统，而不是设计草案。
+
+当前实现支持两类挂载方式：
+
+1. 进程内 hook
+2. 进程外 process hook（`JSON-RPC over stdio`）
+
+当前仓库不再内置示例代码文件。下面的 Go / Python 示例都直接写在本文档里；如果你要使用它们，需要先复制到你自己的文件路径。
+
+## 支持的 hook 类型
+
+| 类型 | 接口 | 作用阶段 | 能否改写 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| 观察型 | `EventObserver` | EventBus 广播事件时 | 否 |
+| LLM 拦截型 | `LLMInterceptor` | `before_llm` / `after_llm` | 是 |
+| Tool 拦截型 | `ToolInterceptor` | `before_tool` / `after_tool` | 是 |
+| Tool 审批型 | `ToolApprover` | `approve_tool` | 否，返回批准/拒绝 |
+
+当前公开的同步点位只有：
+
+- `before_llm`
+- `after_llm`
+- `before_tool`
+- `after_tool`
+- `approve_tool`
+
+其余 lifecycle 通过事件形式只读暴露。
+
+## 执行顺序
+
+HookManager 的排序规则是：
+
+1. 先执行进程内 hook
+2. 再执行 process hook
+3. 同一来源内按 `priority` 从小到大
+4. 若 `priority` 相同，再按名字排序
+
+## 超时
+
+当前配置在 `hooks.defaults` 中统一设置：
+
+- `observer_timeout_ms`
+- `interceptor_timeout_ms`
+- `approval_timeout_ms`
+
+注意：当前实现还没有单个 process hook 自己的 `timeout_ms` 字段，超时配置是全局默认值。
+
+## 快速开始
+
+如果你的目标只是先把当前 hook 流程跑通并观察到实际请求，最省事的是先用下面的 Python process hook 示例：
+
+1. 打开 `hooks.enabled`
+2. 把下面文档里的 Python 示例保存到本地文件，例如 `/tmp/review_gate.py`
+3. 给它配置 `PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE`
+4. 重启 gateway
+5. 用 `tail -f` 观察日志文件
+
+例如：
+
+```json
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "processes": {
+      "py_review_gate": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "priority": 100,
+        "transport": "stdio",
+        "command": [
+          "python3",
+          "/tmp/review_gate.py"
+        ],
+        "observe": [
+          "tool_exec_start",
+          "tool_exec_end",
+          "tool_exec_skipped"
+        ],
+        "intercept": [
+          "before_tool",
+          "approve_tool"
+        ],
+        "env": {
+          "PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE": "/tmp/picoclaw-hook-review-gate.log"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+观察方式：
+
+```bash
+tail -f /tmp/picoclaw-hook-review-gate.log
+```
+
+如果你是在开发 PicoClaw 本体，而不是只想验证协议，那么再看后面的 Go in-process 示例。
+
+## 两个示例的定位
+
+- Go in-process 示例
+  适合验证宿主内的 hook 链路、理解 `MountHook()` 和各个同步点位
+- Python process 示例
+  适合理解 `JSON-RPC over stdio` 协议、确认宿主和外部进程之间的消息来回是否正常
+
+这两个示例都刻意保持为“只记录、不改写、不拒绝”的安全模式。它们的目的不是提供策略能力，而是帮你观察当前 hook 系统。
+
+## Go 进程内示例
+
+下面这段代码是一个最小的“记录型” in-process hook。它实现了：
+
+1. `EventObserver`
+2. `LLMInterceptor`
+3. `ToolInterceptor`
+4. `ToolApprover`
+
+它只记录，不改写请求，也不拒绝工具。
+
+你可以把它保存成你自己的 Go 文件，例如 `pkg/myhooks/example_logger.go`：
+
+```go
+package myhooks
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/agent"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+type ExampleLoggerHookOptions struct {
+	LogFile   string `json:"log_file,omitempty"`
+	LogEvents bool   `json:"log_events,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type ExampleLoggerHook struct {
+	logFile   string
+	logEvents bool
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+}
+
+func NewExampleLoggerHook(opts ExampleLoggerHookOptions) *ExampleLoggerHook {
+	return &ExampleLoggerHook{
+		logFile:   strings.TrimSpace(opts.LogFile),
+		logEvents: opts.LogEvents,
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) OnEvent(ctx context.Context, evt agent.Event) error {
+	_ = ctx
+	if h == nil || !h.logEvents {
+		return nil
+	}
+	h.record("event", evt.Meta, map[string]any{
+		"event":   evt.Kind.String(),
+		"payload": evt.Payload,
+	}, nil)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) BeforeLLM(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	req *agent.LLMHookRequest,
+) (*agent.LLMHookRequest, agent.HookDecision, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	h.record("before_llm", req.Meta, req, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue})
+	return req, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue}, nil
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) AfterLLM(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	resp *agent.LLMHookResponse,
+) (*agent.LLMHookResponse, agent.HookDecision, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	h.record("after_llm", resp.Meta, resp, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue})
+	return resp, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue}, nil
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) BeforeTool(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	call *agent.ToolCallHookRequest,
+) (*agent.ToolCallHookRequest, agent.HookDecision, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	h.record("before_tool", call.Meta, call, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue})
+	return call, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue}, nil
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) AfterTool(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	result *agent.ToolResultHookResponse,
+) (*agent.ToolResultHookResponse, agent.HookDecision, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	h.record("after_tool", result.Meta, result, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue})
+	return result, agent.HookDecision{Action: agent.HookActionContinue}, nil
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) ApproveTool(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	req *agent.ToolApprovalRequest,
+) (agent.ApprovalDecision, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	decision := agent.ApprovalDecision{Approved: true}
+	h.record("approve_tool", req.Meta, req, decision)
+	return decision, nil
+}
+
+func (h *ExampleLoggerHook) record(stage string, meta agent.EventMeta, payload any, decision any) {
+	logger.InfoCF("hooks", "Example hook observed", map[string]any{
+		"stage": stage,
+	})
+	if h == nil || h.logFile == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	entry := map[string]any{
+		"ts":       time.Now().UTC(),
+		"stage":    stage,
+		"meta":     meta,
+		"payload":  payload,
+		"decision": decision,
+	}
+
+	body, err := json.Marshal(entry)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Example hook log encode failed", map[string]any{
+			"stage": stage,
+			"error": err.Error(),
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if dir := filepath.Dir(h.logFile); dir != "" && dir != "." {
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
+			logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Example hook log mkdir failed", map[string]any{
+				"stage": stage,
+				"path":  h.logFile,
+				"error": err.Error(),
+			})
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	file, err := os.OpenFile(h.logFile, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0o644)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Example hook log open failed", map[string]any{
+			"stage": stage,
+			"path":  h.logFile,
+			"error": err.Error(),
+		})
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = file.Close() }()
+
+	if _, err := file.Write(append(body, '\n')); err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Example hook log write failed", map[string]any{
+			"stage": stage,
+			"path":  h.logFile,
+			"error": err.Error(),
+		})
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### 如何挂载
+
+如果你只需要代码挂载，直接在 `AgentLoop` 初始化后调用：
+
+```go
+hook := myhooks.NewExampleLoggerHook(myhooks.ExampleLoggerHookOptions{
+    LogFile:   "/tmp/picoclaw-hook-example-logger.log",
+    LogEvents: true,
+})
+
+if err := al.MountHook(agent.NamedHook("example-logger", hook)); err != nil {
+    panic(err)
+}
+```
+
+### 如果你还想用配置挂载
+
+当前 hook 系统支持 builtin hook，但这要求你自己把 factory 编进二进制。也就是说，下面这段注册代码需要和上面的 hook 定义一起放进你的工程里：
+
+```go
+package myhooks
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/agent"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	if err := agent.RegisterBuiltinHook("example_logger", func(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		spec config.BuiltinHookConfig,
+	) (any, error) {
+		_ = ctx
+
+		var opts ExampleLoggerHookOptions
+		if len(spec.Config) > 0 {
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(spec.Config, &opts); err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode example_logger config: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+		return NewExampleLoggerHook(opts), nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+```
+
+只有在你自己注册了 builtin 之后，下面的配置才会生效：
+
+```json
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "builtins": {
+      "example_logger": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "priority": 10,
+        "config": {
+          "log_file": "/tmp/picoclaw-hook-example-logger.log",
+          "log_events": true
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 如何观察它是否生效
+
+- 如果设置了 `log_file`，它会把每次 hook 调用按 JSON Lines 写入文件
+- 如果没有设置 `log_file`，它仍然会把摘要写到 gateway 日志
+- 普通只走 LLM 的请求，通常会看到 `before_llm` 和 `after_llm`
+- 触发工具调用的请求，通常还会看到 `before_tool`、`approve_tool`、`after_tool`
+- 如果 `log_events=true`，还会额外看到 `event`
+
+典型日志：
+
+```json
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:10:00Z","stage":"before_tool","meta":{"session_key":"session-1"},"payload":{"tool":"echo_text","arguments":{"text":"hello"}},"decision":{"action":"continue"}}
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:10:00Z","stage":"approve_tool","meta":{"session_key":"session-1"},"payload":{"tool":"echo_text","arguments":{"text":"hello"}},"decision":{"approved":true}}
+```
+
+如果你只看到了 `before_llm` / `after_llm`，没有看到 tool 相关阶段，通常不是 hook 没挂上，而是这次请求本身没有触发工具调用。
+
+## Python process hook 示例
+
+下面这段脚本是一个最小的 `process hook` 示例。它只使用 Python 标准库，支持：
+
+1. `hook.hello`
+2. `hook.event`
+3. `hook.before_tool`
+4. `hook.approve_tool`
+
+它默认只记录，不改写，也不拒绝。
+
+你可以把它保存到任意本地路径，例如 `/tmp/review_gate.py`：
+
+```python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import signal
+import sys
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import Any
+
+LOG_EVENTS = os.getenv("PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_EVENTS", "1").lower() not in {"0", "false", "no"}
+LOG_FILE = os.getenv("PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE", "").strip()
+
+
+def append_log(entry: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    if not LOG_FILE:
+        return
+
+    payload = {
+        "ts": datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat(),
+        **entry,
+    }
+    try:
+        log_dir = os.path.dirname(LOG_FILE)
+        if log_dir:
+            os.makedirs(log_dir, exist_ok=True)
+        with open(LOG_FILE, "a", encoding="utf-8") as handle:
+            handle.write(json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii=True) + "\n")
+    except OSError as exc:
+        log_stderr(f"failed to write hook log file {LOG_FILE}: {exc}")
+
+
+def send_response(message_id: int, result: Any | None = None, error: str | None = None) -> None:
+    payload: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+        "id": message_id,
+    }
+    if error is not None:
+        payload["error"] = {"code": -32000, "message": error}
+    else:
+        payload["result"] = result if result is not None else {}
+
+    append_log({
+        "direction": "out",
+        "id": message_id,
+        "response": payload.get("result"),
+        "error": payload.get("error"),
+    })
+
+    try:
+        sys.stdout.write(json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii=True) + "\n")
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+    except BrokenPipeError:
+        raise SystemExit(0) from None
+
+
+def log_stderr(message: str) -> None:
+    try:
+        sys.stderr.write(message + "\n")
+        sys.stderr.flush()
+    except BrokenPipeError:
+        raise SystemExit(0) from None
+
+
+def handle_shutdown_signal(signum: int, _frame: Any) -> None:
+    raise KeyboardInterrupt(f"received signal {signum}")
+
+
+def handle_before_tool(params: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    _ = params
+    return {"action": "continue"}
+
+
+def handle_approve_tool(params: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    _ = params
+    return {"approved": True}
+
+
+def handle_request(method: str, params: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    if method == "hook.hello":
+        return {"ok": True, "name": "python-review-gate"}
+    if method == "hook.before_tool":
+        return handle_before_tool(params)
+    if method == "hook.approve_tool":
+        return handle_approve_tool(params)
+    if method == "hook.before_llm":
+        return {"action": "continue"}
+    if method == "hook.after_llm":
+        return {"action": "continue"}
+    if method == "hook.after_tool":
+        return {"action": "continue"}
+    raise KeyError(f"method not found: {method}")
+
+
+def main() -> int:
+    try:
+        for raw_line in sys.stdin:
+            line = raw_line.strip()
+            if not line:
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                message = json.loads(line)
+            except json.JSONDecodeError as exc:
+                log_stderr(f"failed to decode request: {exc}")
+                append_log({
+                    "direction": "in",
+                    "decode_error": str(exc),
+                    "raw": line,
+                })
+                continue
+
+            method = message.get("method")
+            message_id = message.get("id", 0)
+            params = message.get("params") or {}
+            if not isinstance(params, dict):
+                params = {}
+
+            append_log({
+                "direction": "in",
+                "id": message_id,
+                "method": method,
+                "params": params,
+                "notification": not bool(message_id),
+            })
+
+            if not message_id:
+                if method == "hook.event" and LOG_EVENTS:
+                    log_stderr(f"observed event: {params.get('Kind')}")
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                result = handle_request(str(method or ""), params)
+            except KeyError as exc:
+                send_response(int(message_id), error=str(exc))
+                continue
+            except Exception as exc:
+                send_response(int(message_id), error=f"unexpected error: {exc}")
+                continue
+
+            send_response(int(message_id), result=result)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        return 0
+
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, handle_shutdown_signal)
+    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, handle_shutdown_signal)
+    raise SystemExit(main())
+```
+
+### 如何配置
+
+```json
+{
+  "hooks": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "processes": {
+      "py_review_gate": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "priority": 100,
+        "transport": "stdio",
+        "command": [
+          "python3",
+          "/abs/path/to/review_gate.py"
+        ],
+        "observe": [
+          "tool_exec_start",
+          "tool_exec_end",
+          "tool_exec_skipped"
+        ],
+        "intercept": [
+          "before_tool",
+          "approve_tool"
+        ],
+        "env": {
+          "PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE": "/tmp/picoclaw-hook-review-gate.log"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 环境变量
+
+- `PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_EVENTS`
+  是否把 `hook.event` 写到 `stderr`，默认开启
+- `PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE`
+  外部日志文件路径。设置后，脚本会把收到的 hook 请求、notification 和返回结果按 JSON Lines 追加到该文件
+
+注意：`PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE` 没有默认值。不设置时，脚本不会自动落盘日志。
+
+### 如何确认它收到了 hook
+
+推荐同时看两个地方：
+
+- gateway 日志
+  用来观察宿主是否成功启动了外部进程，以及脚本写到 `stderr` 的事件摘要
+- `PICOCLAW_HOOK_LOG_FILE`
+  用来观察脚本实际收到了什么请求、返回了什么响应
+
+典型判断方式：
+
+- 只看到 `hook.hello`
+  说明进程启动并完成握手了，但还没有新的业务 hook 请求真正打进来
+- 看到 `hook.event`
+  说明 `observe` 配置生效了
+- 看到 `hook.before_tool`
+  说明 `intercept: ["before_tool", ...]` 生效了
+- 看到 `hook.approve_tool`
+  说明审批 hook 生效了
+
+这份示例脚本不会改写任何参数，也不会拒绝工具，所以你应该看到的典型返回是：
+
+```json
+{"direction":"out","id":7,"response":{"action":"continue"},"error":null}
+{"direction":"out","id":8,"response":{"approved":true},"error":null}
+```
+
+一组完整样例：
+
+```json
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:12:00+00:00","direction":"in","id":1,"method":"hook.hello","params":{"name":"py_review_gate","version":1,"modes":["observe","tool","approve"]},"notification":false}
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:12:00+00:00","direction":"out","id":1,"response":{"ok":true,"name":"python-review-gate"},"error":null}
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:12:05+00:00","direction":"in","id":0,"method":"hook.event","params":{"Kind":"tool_exec_start"},"notification":true}
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:12:05+00:00","direction":"in","id":7,"method":"hook.before_tool","params":{"tool":"echo_text","arguments":{"text":"hello"}},"notification":false}
+{"ts":"2026-03-21T14:12:05+00:00","direction":"out","id":7,"response":{"action":"continue"},"error":null}
+```
+
+补充说明：
+
+- 时间戳是 UTC，不是本地时区
+- `notification=true` 表示这是 `hook.event` 这类不需要响应的通知
+- `id` 会随着当前进程内的请求递增；如果 hook 进程重启，计数会重新开始
+
+## Process Hook 协议约定
+
+当前 process hook 使用 `JSON-RPC over stdio`：
+
+- PicoClaw 启动外部进程
+- 请求和响应都按“一行一个 JSON 消息”传输
+- `hook.event` 是 notification，不需要响应
+- `hook.before_llm` / `hook.after_llm` / `hook.before_tool` / `hook.after_tool` / `hook.approve_tool` 是 request/response
+
+当前宿主不会接受 process hook 主动发起的新 RPC。也就是说，外部 hook 现在只能“响应 PicoClaw 的调用”，不能反向调用宿主去发送 channel 消息。
+
+## 配置字段
+
+### `hooks.builtins.<name>`
+
+- `enabled`
+- `priority`
+- `config`
+
+### `hooks.processes.<name>`
+
+- `enabled`
+- `priority`
+- `transport`
+  当前只支持 `stdio`
+- `command`
+- `dir`
+- `env`
+- `observe`
+- `intercept`
+
+## 排查建议
+
+当你觉得“hook 没触发”时，优先按这个顺序排查：
+
+1. `hooks.enabled` 是否为 `true`
+2. 对应的 builtin/process hook 是否 `enabled`
+3. process hook 的 `command` 路径是否正确
+4. 你看的是否是正确的日志文件
+5. 当前请求是否真的走到了对应阶段
+6. `observe` / `intercept` 是否包含了你想看的点位
+
+一个很实用的最小排查组合是：
+
+- 先用文档里的 Python process 示例确认外部协议没问题
+- 再用文档里的 Go in-process 示例确认宿主内的 hook 链路没问题
+
+如果前者有 `hook.hello` 但没有业务请求，通常不是协议挂了，而是当前这次请求没有真正触发对应的 hook 点位。
+
+## 适用边界
+
+当前 hook 系统最适合做这些事：
+
+- LLM 请求改写
+- 工具参数规范化
+- 工具执行前审批
+- 审计和观测
+
+当前还不适合直接承载这些需求：
+
+- 外部 hook 主动发 channel 消息
+- 挂起 turn 并等待人工审批回复
+- inbound/outbound 全链路消息拦截
+
+如果你要做人审流转，推荐把 hook 作为审批入口，把审批状态机和 channel 交互放到独立的 `ApprovalManager`。
diff --git a/docs/ja/chat-apps.md b/docs/ja/chat-apps.md
index 997a064ff..341dc4aba 100644
--- a/docs/ja/chat-apps.md
+++ b/docs/ja/chat-apps.md
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ PicoClaw は複数のチャットプラットフォームをサポートして
 | **Telegram**         | ⭐ 簡単            | 推奨、音声テキスト変換対応、ロングポーリング（公開 IP 不要） | [ドキュメント](../channels/telegram/README.ja.md)                                                             |
 | **Discord**          | ⭐ 簡単            | Socket Mode、グループ/DM 対応、Bot エコシステム充実 | [ドキュメント](../channels/discord/README.ja.md)                                                              |
 | **WhatsApp**         | ⭐ 簡単            | ネイティブ (QR スキャン) または Bridge URL | [ドキュメント](#whatsapp)                                                             |
+| **微信 (Weixin)**    | ⭐ 簡単            | ネイティブ QR スキャン（Tencent iLink API）| [ドキュメント](#weixin)                                                               |
 | **Slack**            | ⭐ 簡単            | **Socket Mode** (公開 IP 不要)、エンタープライズ対応 | [ドキュメント](../channels/slack/README.ja.md)                                                                |
 | **Matrix**           | ⭐⭐ 中程度        | フェデレーションプロトコル、セルフホスト対応 | [ドキュメント](../channels/matrix/README.ja.md)                                                              |
 | **QQ**               | ⭐⭐ 中程度        | 公式ボット API、中国コミュニティ向け       | [ドキュメント](../channels/qq/README.ja.md)                                                                   |
@@ -22,13 +23,14 @@ PicoClaw は複数のチャットプラットフォームをサポートして
 | **LINE**             | ⭐⭐⭐ やや難      | HTTPS Webhook が必要                       | [ドキュメント](../channels/line/README.ja.md)                                                                 |
 | **WeCom (企業微信)** | ⭐⭐⭐ やや難      | グループ Bot (Webhook)、カスタムアプリ (API)、AI Bot 対応 | [Bot](../channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.ja.md) / [App](../channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.ja.md) / [AI Bot](../channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.ja.md) |
 | **Feishu (飛書)**    | ⭐⭐⭐ やや難      | エンタープライズコラボレーション、機能豊富 | [ドキュメント](../channels/feishu/README.ja.md)                                                               |
-| **IRC**              | ⭐⭐ 中程度        | サーバー + TLS 設定                        | -                                                                                                               |
+| **IRC**              | ⭐⭐ 中程度        | サーバー + TLS 設定                        | [ドキュメント](#irc) |
 | **OneBot**           | ⭐⭐ 中程度        | NapCat/Go-CQHTTP 互換、コミュニティエコシステム充実 | [ドキュメント](../channels/onebot/README.ja.md)                                                               |
 | **MaixCam**          | ⭐ 簡単            | Sipeed AI カメラハードウェア統合チャネル   | [ドキュメント](../channels/maixcam/README.ja.md)                                                              |
 | **Pico**             | ⭐ 簡単            | PicoClaw ネイティブプロトコルチャネル     |                                                                                                               |
 
 ---
 
+<a id="telegram"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Telegram</b>（推奨）</summary>
 
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ Telegram 側はコマンドメニュー登録機能を保持し、汎用コマ
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="discord"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Discord</b></summary>
 
@@ -143,6 +146,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="whatsapp"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>WhatsApp</b>（ネイティブ whatsmeow）</summary>
 
@@ -170,6 +174,43 @@ PicoClaw は 2 つの WhatsApp 接続方式をサポートしています：
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="weixin"></a>
+<details>
+<summary><b>微信 (Weixin)</b></summary>
+
+PicoClaw は Tencent iLink 公式 API を使用して WeChat 個人アカウントへの接続をサポートしています。
+
+**1. ログイン**
+
+インタラクティブな QR ログインフローを実行します：
+```bash
+picoclaw auth weixin
+```
+WeChat モバイルアプリで表示された QR コードをスキャンしてください。ログイン成功後、トークンが設定ファイルに保存されます。
+
+**2. 設定**
+
+（オプション）ボットと会話できるユーザーを制限するために `allow_from` に WeChat ユーザー ID を追加します：
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "weixin": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
+      "allow_from": ["YOUR_USER_ID"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**3. 実行**
+```bash
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<a id="matrix"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Matrix</b></summary>
 
@@ -204,6 +245,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="qq"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>QQ</b></summary>
 
@@ -245,6 +287,7 @@ QQ 開放プラットフォームでは、OpenClaw 互換ボットのワンク
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="slack"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Slack</b></summary>
 
@@ -278,6 +321,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="irc"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>IRC</b></summary>
 
@@ -311,6 +355,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="dingtalk"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>DingTalk</b></summary>
 
@@ -345,6 +390,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="line"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>LINE</b></summary>
 
@@ -393,6 +439,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="feishu"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Feishu (飛書)</b></summary>
 
@@ -434,6 +481,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="wecom"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>WeCom (企業微信)</b></summary>
 
@@ -548,6 +596,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="onebot"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>OneBot（OneBot プロトコル経由の QQ）</b></summary>
 
@@ -586,6 +635,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="maixcam"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>MaixCam</b></summary>
 
diff --git a/docs/ja/configuration.md b/docs/ja/configuration.md
index 215b35d54..35676809e 100644
--- a/docs/ja/configuration.md
+++ b/docs/ja/configuration.md
@@ -256,3 +256,109 @@ Agent は 30 分ごと（設定可能）にこのファイルを読み取り、
 
 - `PICOCLAW_HEARTBEAT_ENABLED=false` で無効化
 - `PICOCLAW_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL=60` で間隔を変更
+
+#### サブ Agent の通信フロー
+
+```
+ハートビート起動
+    ↓
+Agent が HEARTBEAT.md を読む
+    ↓
+長時間タスク：spawn サブ Agent
+    ↓                           ↓
+次のタスクへ継続           サブ Agent が独立して動作
+    ↓                           ↓
+全タスク完了               サブ Agent が "message" ツールを使用
+    ↓                           ↓
+HEARTBEAT_OK を返信        ユーザーが直接結果を受信
+```
+
+### Providers
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Groq は Whisper による無料音声文字起こしを提供します。設定すると、任意のチャンネルの音声メッセージが Agent レベルで自動的に文字起こしされます。
+
+| Provider     | 用途                                    | API キー取得                                                 |
+| ------------ | --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| `gemini`     | LLM（Gemini 直接）                      | [aistudio.google.com](https://aistudio.google.com)           |
+| `zhipu`      | LLM（Zhipu 直接）                       | [bigmodel.cn](https://bigmodel.cn)                           |
+| `volcengine` | LLM（Volcengine 直接）                  | [volcengine.com](https://www.volcengine.com/activity/codingplan?utm_campaign=PicoClaw&utm_content=PicoClaw&utm_medium=devrel&utm_source=OWO&utm_term=PicoClaw) |
+| `openrouter` | LLM（推奨、全モデルにアクセス可能）     | [openrouter.ai](https://openrouter.ai)                       |
+| `anthropic`  | LLM（Claude 直接）                      | [console.anthropic.com](https://console.anthropic.com)       |
+| `openai`     | LLM（GPT 直接）                         | [platform.openai.com](https://platform.openai.com)           |
+| `deepseek`   | LLM（DeepSeek 直接）                    | [platform.deepseek.com](https://platform.deepseek.com)       |
+| `qwen`       | LLM（Qwen 直接）                        | [dashscope.console.aliyun.com](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com) |
+| `groq`       | LLM + **音声文字起こし**（Whisper）     | [console.groq.com](https://console.groq.com)                 |
+| `cerebras`   | LLM（Cerebras 直接）                    | [cerebras.ai](https://cerebras.ai)                           |
+| `vivgrid`    | LLM（Vivgrid 直接）                     | [vivgrid.com](https://vivgrid.com)                           |
+
+### モデル設定 (model_list)
+
+> **新機能：** PicoClaw は**モデル中心**の設定アプローチを採用しました。`vendor/model` 形式（例：`zhipu/glm-4.7`）を指定するだけで新しい Provider を追加できます — **コード変更不要！**
+
+#### サポートされている全 Vendor
+
+| Vendor                  | `model` プレフィックス | デフォルト API Base                                 | プロトコル | API Key                                                          |
+| ----------------------- | ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **OpenAI**              | `openai/`              | `https://api.openai.com/v1`                         | OpenAI     | [取得](https://platform.openai.com)                              |
+| **Anthropic**           | `anthropic/`           | `https://api.anthropic.com/v1`                      | Anthropic  | [取得](https://console.anthropic.com)                            |
+| **智谱 AI (GLM)**       | `zhipu/`               | `https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4`              | OpenAI     | [取得](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys)    |
+| **DeepSeek**            | `deepseek/`            | `https://api.deepseek.com/v1`                       | OpenAI     | [取得](https://platform.deepseek.com)                            |
+| **Google Gemini**       | `gemini/`              | `https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta`  | OpenAI     | [取得](https://aistudio.google.com/api-keys)                     |
+| **Groq**                | `groq/`                | `https://api.groq.com/openai/v1`                    | OpenAI     | [取得](https://console.groq.com)                                 |
+| **通義千問 (Qwen)**     | `qwen/`                | `https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1` | OpenAI     | [取得](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com)                     |
+| **Ollama**              | `ollama/`              | `http://localhost:11434/v1`                         | OpenAI     | ローカル（キー不要）                                             |
+| **OpenRouter**          | `openrouter/`          | `https://openrouter.ai/api/v1`                      | OpenAI     | [取得](https://openrouter.ai/keys)                               |
+| **VolcEngine (Doubao)** | `volcengine/`          | `https://ark.cn-beijing.volces.com/api/v3`          | OpenAI     | [取得](https://www.volcengine.com/activity/codingplan?utm_campaign=PicoClaw&utm_content=PicoClaw&utm_medium=devrel&utm_source=OWO&utm_term=PicoClaw) |
+| **Antigravity**         | `antigravity/`         | Google Cloud                                        | Custom     | OAuth のみ                                                       |
+
+#### ロードバランシング
+
+同じモデル名に複数のエンドポイントを設定すると、PicoClaw が自動的にラウンドロビンします：
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    { "model_name": "gpt-5.4", "model": "openai/gpt-5.4", "api_base": "https://api1.example.com/v1", "api_key": "sk-key1" },
+    { "model_name": "gpt-5.4", "model": "openai/gpt-5.4", "api_base": "https://api2.example.com/v1", "api_key": "sk-key2" }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+#### 旧 `providers` 設定からの移行
+
+旧 `providers` 設定は**非推奨**ですが後方互換性のためサポートされています。[docs/migration/model-list-migration.md](../migration/model-list-migration.md) を参照してください。
+
+### Provider アーキテクチャ
+
+PicoClaw はプロトコルファミリーで Provider をルーティングします：
+
+- **OpenAI 互換**：OpenRouter、Groq、Zhipu、vLLM スタイルのエンドポイントなど。
+- **Anthropic**：Claude ネイティブ API の動作。
+- **Codex/OAuth**：OpenAI OAuth/トークン認証ルート。
+
+### スケジュールタスク / リマインダー
+
+PicoClaw は `cron` ツールを通じて cron スタイルのスケジュールタスクをサポートします。
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "cron": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "exec_timeout_minutes": 5
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+スケジュールタスクは再起動後も `~/.picoclaw/workspace/cron/` に保存されます。
+
+### 高度なトピック
+
+| トピック | 説明 |
+| -------- | ---- |
+| [Hook システム](../hooks/README.md) | イベント駆動 Hook：オブザーバー、インターセプター、承認 Hook |
+| [Steering](../steering.md) | 実行中の Agent ループにメッセージを注入 |
+| [SubTurn](../subturn.md) | サブ Agent の調整、並行制御、ライフサイクル |
+| [コンテキスト管理](../agent-refactor/context.md) | コンテキスト境界検出、圧縮戦略 |
diff --git a/docs/ja/tools_configuration.md b/docs/ja/tools_configuration.md
index c40e58538..c946bf088 100644
--- a/docs/ja/tools_configuration.md
+++ b/docs/ja/tools_configuration.md
@@ -41,14 +41,6 @@ Web ツールはウェブ検索とフェッチに使用されます。
 | `fetch_limit_bytes` | int    | 10485760      | 取得するウェブページペイロードの最大サイズ（バイト単位、デフォルトは10MB）。            |
 | `format`            | string | "plaintext"   | 取得コンテンツの出力形式。オプション：`plaintext` または `markdown`（推奨）。           |
 
-### Brave
-
-| 設定項目      | 型     | デフォルト | 説明                  |
-|---------------|--------|------------|-----------------------|
-| `enabled`     | bool   | false      | Brave 検索を有効にする |
-| `api_key`     | string | -          | Brave Search API キー  |
-| `max_results` | int    | 5          | 最大結果数            |
-
 ### DuckDuckGo
 
 | 設定項目      | 型   | デフォルト | 説明                      |
@@ -56,13 +48,73 @@ Web ツールはウェブ検索とフェッチに使用されます。
 | `enabled`     | bool | true       | DuckDuckGo 検索を有効にする |
 | `max_results` | int  | 5          | 最大結果数                |
 
+### Baidu Search
+
+| 設定項目      | 型     | デフォルト                                                      | 説明                          |
+|---------------|--------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool   | false                                                           | Baidu 検索を有効にする        |
+| `api_key`     | string | -                                                               | Qianfan API キー              |
+| `base_url`    | string | `https://qianfan.baidubce.com/v2/ai_search/web_search`         | Baidu Search API URL          |
+| `max_results` | int    | 10                                                              | 最大結果数                    |
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "web": {
+      "baidu_search": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "api_key": "YOUR_BAIDU_QIANFAN_API_KEY",
+        "max_results": 10
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
 ### Perplexity
 
 | 設定項目      | 型     | デフォルト | 説明                      |
 |---------------|--------|------------|---------------------------|
-| `enabled`     | bool   | false      | Perplexity 検索を有効にする |
-| `api_key`     | string | -          | Perplexity API キー        |
-| `max_results` | int    | 5          | 最大結果数                |
+| `enabled`     | bool     | false      | Perplexity 検索を有効にする                          |
+| `api_key`     | string   | -          | Perplexity API キー                                  |
+| `api_keys`    | string[] | -          | 複数の Perplexity API キー（ローテーション用、`api_key` より優先） |
+| `max_results` | int      | 5          | 最大結果数                                           |
+
+### Brave
+
+| 設定項目      | 型     | デフォルト | 説明                  |
+|---------------|--------|------------|-----------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool     | false      | Brave 検索を有効にする                               |
+| `api_key`     | string   | -          | Brave Search API キー                                |
+| `api_keys`    | string[] | -          | 複数の Brave Search API キー（ローテーション用、`api_key` より優先） |
+| `max_results` | int      | 5          | 最大結果数                                           |
+
+### Tavily
+
+| 設定項目      | 型     | デフォルト | 説明                              |
+|---------------|--------|------------|-----------------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool   | false      | Tavily 検索を有効にする           |
+| `api_key`     | string | -          | Tavily API キー                   |
+| `base_url`    | string | -          | カスタム Tavily API ベース URL    |
+| `max_results` | int    | 0          | 最大結果数（0 = デフォルト）      |
+
+### SearXNG
+
+| 設定項目      | 型     | デフォルト               | 説明                      |
+|---------------|--------|--------------------------|---------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool   | false                    | SearXNG 検索を有効にする  |
+| `base_url`    | string | `http://localhost:8888`  | SearXNG インスタンス URL  |
+| `max_results` | int    | 5                        | 最大結果数                |
+
+### GLM Search
+
+| 設定項目        | 型     | デフォルト                                           | 説明                      |
+|-----------------|--------|------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|
+| `enabled`       | bool   | false                                                | GLM Search を有効にする   |
+| `api_key`       | string | -                                                    | GLM API キー              |
+| `base_url`      | string | `https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4/web_search`   | GLM Search API URL        |
+| `search_engine` | string | `search_std`                                         | 検索エンジンタイプ        |
+| `max_results`   | int    | 5                                                    | 最大結果数                |
 
 ## Exec ツール
 
diff --git a/docs/providers.md b/docs/providers.md
index dde1814fb..42d46189a 100644
--- a/docs/providers.md
+++ b/docs/providers.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 ### Providers
 
 > [!NOTE]
-> Groq provides free voice transcription via Whisper. If configured, audio messages from any channel will be automatically transcribed at the agent level.
+> Voice transcription can use a configured multimodal model via `voice.model_name`. Groq Whisper remains available as a fallback when no voice model is configured.
 
 | Provider     | Purpose                                 | Get API Key                                                  |
 | ------------ | --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 | `mistral`    | LLM (Mistral direct)                    | [console.mistral.ai](https://console.mistral.ai)            |
 | `longcat`    | LLM (Longcat direct)                    | [longcat.ai](https://longcat.ai)                             |
 | `modelscope` | LLM (ModelScope direct)                 | [modelscope.cn](https://modelscope.cn)                       |
+| `mimo`       | LLM (Xiaomi MiMo direct)                | [platform.xiaomimimo.com](https://platform.xiaomimimo.com)   |
 
 ### Model Configuration (model_list)
 
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ This design also enables **multi-agent support** with flexible provider selectio
 | **Vivgrid**         | `vivgrid/`        | `https://api.vivgrid.com/v1`                        | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://vivgrid.com)                                   |
 | **LongCat**         | `longcat/`        | `https://api.longcat.chat/openai`                   | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://longcat.chat/platform)                         |
 | **ModelScope (魔搭)**| `modelscope/`    | `https://api-inference.modelscope.cn/v1`            | OpenAI    | [Get Token](https://modelscope.cn/my/tokens)                     |
+| **Xiaomi MiMo**     | `mimo/`           | `https://api.xiaomimimo.com/v1`                     | OpenAI    | [Get Key](https://platform.xiaomimimo.com)                       |
 | **Azure OpenAI**    | `azure/`          | `https://{resource}.openai.azure.com`               | Azure     | [Get Key](https://portal.azure.com)                              |
 | **Antigravity**     | `antigravity/`    | Google Cloud                                        | Custom    | OAuth only                                                       |
 | **GitHub Copilot**  | `github-copilot/` | `localhost:4321`                                    | gRPC      | -                                                                |
@@ -101,6 +103,33 @@ This design also enables **multi-agent support** with flexible provider selectio
 }
 ```
 
+#### Voice Transcription
+
+You can configure a dedicated model for audio transcription with `voice.model_name`. This lets you reuse existing multimodal providers that support audio input instead of relying only on Groq.
+
+If `voice.model_name` is not configured, PicoClaw will continue to fall back to Groq transcription when a Groq API key is available.
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "voice-gemini",
+      "model": "gemini/gemini-2.5-flash",
+      "api_key": "your-gemini-key"
+    }
+  ],
+  "voice": {
+    "model_name": "voice-gemini",
+    "echo_transcription": false
+  },
+  "providers": {
+    "groq": {
+      "api_key": "gsk_xxx"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
 #### Vendor-Specific Examples
 
 **OpenAI**
@@ -344,6 +373,10 @@ picoclaw agent -m "Hello"
       "api_key": "gsk_xxx"
     }
   },
+  "voice": {
+    "model_name": "voice-gemini",
+    "echo_transcription": false
+  },
   "channels": {
     "telegram": {
       "enabled": true,
diff --git a/docs/pt-br/chat-apps.md b/docs/pt-br/chat-apps.md
index 08ef292fa..92fda329c 100644
--- a/docs/pt-br/chat-apps.md
+++ b/docs/pt-br/chat-apps.md
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Converse com seu picoclaw através do Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix, QQ, D
 | **Telegram**         | ⭐ Fácil           | Recomendado, voz para texto, long polling (sem IP público) | [Documentação](../channels/telegram/README.pt-br.md)                                                       |
 | **Discord**          | ⭐ Fácil           | Socket Mode, suporte a grupos/DM, ecossistema bot rico | [Documentação](../channels/discord/README.pt-br.md)                                                            |
 | **WhatsApp**         | ⭐ Fácil           | Nativo (scan QR) ou Bridge URL                        | [Documentação](#whatsapp)                                                                                        |
+| **Weixin**           | ⭐ Fácil           | Scan QR nativo (API Tencent iLink)                    | [Documentação](#weixin)                                                                                          |
 | **Slack**            | ⭐ Fácil           | **Socket Mode** (sem IP público), empresarial         | [Documentação](../channels/slack/README.pt-br.md)                                                               |
 | **Matrix**           | ⭐⭐ Médio         | Protocolo federado, suporte a auto-hospedagem         | [Documentação](../channels/matrix/README.pt-br.md)                                                              |
 | **QQ**               | ⭐⭐ Médio         | API bot oficial, comunidade chinesa                   | [Documentação](../channels/qq/README.pt-br.md)                                                                  |
@@ -20,11 +21,12 @@ Converse com seu picoclaw através do Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix, QQ, D
 | **LINE**             | ⭐⭐⭐ Avançado    | HTTPS Webhook obrigatório                             | [Documentação](../channels/line/README.pt-br.md)                                                                |
 | **WeCom (企业微信)** | ⭐⭐⭐ Avançado    | Bot de grupo (Webhook), app personalizado (API), AI Bot | [Bot](../channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.pt-br.md) / [App](../channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.pt-br.md) / [AI Bot](../channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.pt-br.md) |
 | **Feishu (飞书)**    | ⭐⭐⭐ Avançado    | Colaboração empresarial, rico em recursos             | [Documentação](../channels/feishu/README.pt-br.md)                                                              |
-| **IRC**              | ⭐⭐ Médio         | Servidor + configuração TLS                           | -                                                                                                                |
+| **IRC**              | ⭐⭐ Médio         | Servidor + configuração TLS                           | [Documentação](#irc) |
 | **OneBot**           | ⭐⭐ Médio         | Compatível com NapCat/Go-CQHTTP, ecossistema comunitário | [Documentação](../channels/onebot/README.pt-br.md)                                                           |
 | **MaixCam**          | ⭐ Fácil           | Canal de integração de hardware para câmeras AI Sipeed | [Documentação](../channels/maixcam/README.pt-br.md)                                                            |
 | **Pico**             | ⭐ Fácil           | Canal de protocolo nativo PicoClaw                    |                                                                                                                  |
 
+<a id="telegram"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Telegram</b> (Recomendado)</summary>
 
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@ Se o registro de comandos falhar (erros transitórios de rede/API), o canal aind
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="discord"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Discord</b></summary>
 
@@ -138,6 +141,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="whatsapp"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>WhatsApp</b> (nativo via whatsmeow)</summary>
 
@@ -165,6 +169,43 @@ Se `session_store_path` estiver vazio, a sessão é armazenada em `<workspace>/w
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="weixin"></a>
+<details>
+<summary><b>Weixin</b> (WeChat Pessoal)</summary>
+
+O PicoClaw suporta conexão com sua conta pessoal do WeChat usando a API oficial Tencent iLink.
+
+**1. Login**
+
+Execute o fluxo de login interativo por QR code:
+```bash
+picoclaw auth weixin
+```
+Escaneie o QR code exibido com seu aplicativo WeChat mobile. Após o login bem-sucedido, o token é salvo na sua configuração.
+
+**2. Configurar**
+
+(Opcional) Adicione seu ID de usuário WeChat em `allow_from` para restringir quem pode enviar mensagens ao bot:
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "weixin": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
+      "allow_from": ["YOUR_USER_ID"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**3. Executar**
+```bash
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<a id="qq"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>QQ</b></summary>
 
@@ -206,6 +247,7 @@ Se preferir criar o bot manualmente:
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="dingtalk"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>DingTalk</b></summary>
 
@@ -240,6 +282,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="maixcam"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>MaixCam</b></summary>
 
@@ -262,6 +305,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 </details>
 
 
+<a id="matrix"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Matrix</b></summary>
 
@@ -296,6 +340,7 @@ Para opções completas (`device_id`, `join_on_invite`, `group_trigger`, `placeh
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="line"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>LINE</b></summary>
 
@@ -344,6 +389,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="wecom"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>WeCom (企业微信)</b></summary>
 
@@ -457,6 +503,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="feishu"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Feishu (Lark)</b></summary>
 
@@ -498,6 +545,7 @@ Para opções completas, veja o [Guia de Configuração do Canal Feishu](../chan
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="slack"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Slack</b></summary>
 
@@ -531,6 +579,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="irc"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>IRC</b></summary>
 
@@ -564,6 +613,7 @@ O bot se conectará ao servidor IRC e entrará nos canais especificados.
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="onebot"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>OneBot (QQ via protocolo OneBot)</b></summary>
 
diff --git a/docs/pt-br/configuration.md b/docs/pt-br/configuration.md
index ee14ca724..ff3ce2b34 100644
--- a/docs/pt-br/configuration.md
+++ b/docs/pt-br/configuration.md
@@ -216,4 +216,149 @@ Para tarefas de longa duração (busca na web, chamadas de API), use a ferrament
 
 ```markdown
 # Tarefas Periódicas
+
+## Tarefas Rápidas (responder diretamente)
+
+- Informar a hora atual
+
+## Tarefas Longas (usar spawn para assíncrono)
+
+- Pesquisar notícias de IA na web e resumir
+- Verificar e-mails e reportar mensagens importantes
 ```
+
+**Comportamentos principais:**
+
+| Funcionalidade   | Descrição                                                          |
+| ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| **spawn**        | Cria subagente assíncrono, não bloqueia o heartbeat                |
+| **Contexto independente** | Subagente tem seu próprio contexto, sem histórico de sessão |
+| **message tool** | Subagente comunica diretamente com o usuário via message tool      |
+| **Não-bloqueante** | Após o spawn, o heartbeat continua para a próxima tarefa         |
+
+#### Fluxo de Comunicação do Subagente
+
+```
+Heartbeat disparado
+    ↓
+Agent lê HEARTBEAT.md
+    ↓
+Tarefa longa: spawn subagente
+    ↓                           ↓
+Continua próxima tarefa    Subagente trabalha independentemente
+    ↓                           ↓
+Todas tarefas concluídas   Subagente usa ferramenta "message"
+    ↓                           ↓
+Responde HEARTBEAT_OK      Usuário recebe resultado diretamente
+```
+
+**Configuração:**
+
+```json
+{
+  "heartbeat": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "interval": 30
+  }
+}
+```
+
+| Opção      | Padrão | Descrição                              |
+| ---------- | ------ | -------------------------------------- |
+| `enabled`  | `true` | Ativar/desativar heartbeat             |
+| `interval` | `30`   | Intervalo em minutos (mínimo: 5)       |
+
+**Variáveis de ambiente:**
+
+* `PICOCLAW_HEARTBEAT_ENABLED=false` para desativar
+* `PICOCLAW_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL=60` para alterar o intervalo
+
+### Providers
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> O Groq fornece transcrição de voz gratuita via Whisper. Se configurado, mensagens de áudio de qualquer canal serão automaticamente transcritas no nível do agente.
+
+| Provider     | Finalidade                              | Obter API Key                                                |
+| ------------ | --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| `gemini`     | LLM (Gemini direto)                     | [aistudio.google.com](https://aistudio.google.com)           |
+| `zhipu`      | LLM (Zhipu direto)                      | [bigmodel.cn](https://bigmodel.cn)                           |
+| `volcengine` | LLM (Volcengine direto)                 | [volcengine.com](https://www.volcengine.com/activity/codingplan?utm_campaign=PicoClaw&utm_content=PicoClaw&utm_medium=devrel&utm_source=OWO&utm_term=PicoClaw) |
+| `openrouter` | LLM (recomendado, acesso a todos modelos) | [openrouter.ai](https://openrouter.ai)                     |
+| `anthropic`  | LLM (Claude direto)                     | [console.anthropic.com](https://console.anthropic.com)       |
+| `openai`     | LLM (GPT direto)                        | [platform.openai.com](https://platform.openai.com)           |
+| `deepseek`   | LLM (DeepSeek direto)                   | [platform.deepseek.com](https://platform.deepseek.com)       |
+| `qwen`       | LLM (Qwen direto)                       | [dashscope.console.aliyun.com](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com) |
+| `groq`       | LLM + **Transcrição de voz** (Whisper)  | [console.groq.com](https://console.groq.com)                 |
+| `cerebras`   | LLM (Cerebras direto)                   | [cerebras.ai](https://cerebras.ai)                           |
+| `vivgrid`    | LLM (Vivgrid direto)                    | [vivgrid.com](https://vivgrid.com)                           |
+
+### Configuração de Modelos (model_list)
+
+> **Novidade:** PicoClaw agora usa uma abordagem **centrada no modelo**. Basta especificar o formato `vendor/model` (ex.: `zhipu/glm-4.7`) para adicionar novos providers — **sem alterações de código!**
+
+#### Todos os Vendors Suportados
+
+| Vendor                  | Prefixo `model` | API Base padrão                                     | Protocolo | API Key                                                          |
+| ----------------------- | --------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **OpenAI**              | `openai/`       | `https://api.openai.com/v1`                         | OpenAI    | [Obter](https://platform.openai.com)                             |
+| **Anthropic**           | `anthropic/`    | `https://api.anthropic.com/v1`                      | Anthropic | [Obter](https://console.anthropic.com)                           |
+| **智谱 AI (GLM)**       | `zhipu/`        | `https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4`              | OpenAI    | [Obter](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys)   |
+| **DeepSeek**            | `deepseek/`     | `https://api.deepseek.com/v1`                       | OpenAI    | [Obter](https://platform.deepseek.com)                           |
+| **Google Gemini**       | `gemini/`       | `https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta`  | OpenAI    | [Obter](https://aistudio.google.com/api-keys)                    |
+| **Groq**                | `groq/`         | `https://api.groq.com/openai/v1`                    | OpenAI    | [Obter](https://console.groq.com)                                |
+| **通义千问 (Qwen)**     | `qwen/`         | `https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1` | OpenAI    | [Obter](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com)                    |
+| **Ollama**              | `ollama/`       | `http://localhost:11434/v1`                         | OpenAI    | Local (sem chave)                                                |
+| **OpenRouter**          | `openrouter/`   | `https://openrouter.ai/api/v1`                      | OpenAI    | [Obter](https://openrouter.ai/keys)                              |
+| **VolcEngine (Doubao)** | `volcengine/`   | `https://ark.cn-beijing.volces.com/api/v3`          | OpenAI    | [Obter](https://www.volcengine.com/activity/codingplan?utm_campaign=PicoClaw&utm_content=PicoClaw&utm_medium=devrel&utm_source=OWO&utm_term=PicoClaw) |
+| **Antigravity**         | `antigravity/`  | Google Cloud                                        | Custom    | Somente OAuth                                                    |
+
+#### Balanceamento de Carga
+
+Configure múltiplos endpoints para o mesmo nome de modelo — PicoClaw fará round-robin automaticamente:
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    { "model_name": "gpt-5.4", "model": "openai/gpt-5.4", "api_base": "https://api1.example.com/v1", "api_key": "sk-key1" },
+    { "model_name": "gpt-5.4", "model": "openai/gpt-5.4", "api_base": "https://api2.example.com/v1", "api_key": "sk-key2" }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+#### Migração da Configuração Legada `providers`
+
+A configuração antiga `providers` está **depreciada** mas ainda é suportada. Veja [docs/migration/model-list-migration.md](../migration/model-list-migration.md).
+
+### Arquitetura de Providers
+
+PicoClaw roteia providers por família de protocolo:
+
+- **Compatível com OpenAI**: OpenRouter, Groq, Zhipu, endpoints vLLM e a maioria dos outros.
+- **Anthropic**: Comportamento nativo da API Claude.
+- **Codex/OAuth**: Rota de autenticação OAuth/token OpenAI.
+
+### Tarefas Agendadas / Lembretes
+
+PicoClaw suporta tarefas agendadas via ferramenta `cron`.
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "cron": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "exec_timeout_minutes": 5
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+As tarefas agendadas persistem após reinicializações em `~/.picoclaw/workspace/cron/`.
+
+### Tópicos Avançados
+
+| Tópico | Descrição |
+| ------ | --------- |
+| [Sistema de Hooks](../hooks/README.md) | Hooks orientados a eventos: observadores, interceptores, hooks de aprovação |
+| [Steering](../steering.md) | Injetar mensagens em um loop de agente em execução |
+| [SubTurn](../subturn.md) | Coordenação de subagentes, controle de concorrência, ciclo de vida |
+| [Gerenciamento de Contexto](../agent-refactor/context.md) | Detecção de limites de contexto, compressão |
diff --git a/docs/pt-br/tools_configuration.md b/docs/pt-br/tools_configuration.md
index 2cc4f3999..feec3c3d8 100644
--- a/docs/pt-br/tools_configuration.md
+++ b/docs/pt-br/tools_configuration.md
@@ -41,14 +41,6 @@ Configurações gerais para busca e processamento de conteúdo de páginas web.
 | `fetch_limit_bytes` | int    | 10485760      | Tamanho máximo do payload da página web a ser buscado, em bytes (padrão é 10MB).              |
 | `format`            | string | "plaintext"   | Formato de saída do conteúdo buscado. Opções: `plaintext` ou `markdown` (recomendado).        |
 
-### Brave
-
-| Config        | Tipo   | Padrão | Descrição                  |
-|---------------|--------|--------|----------------------------|
-| `enabled`     | bool   | false  | Habilitar pesquisa Brave   |
-| `api_key`     | string | -      | Chave API do Brave Search  |
-| `max_results` | int    | 5      | Número máximo de resultados |
-
 ### DuckDuckGo
 
 | Config        | Tipo | Padrão | Descrição                      |
@@ -56,13 +48,73 @@ Configurações gerais para busca e processamento de conteúdo de páginas web.
 | `enabled`     | bool | true   | Habilitar pesquisa DuckDuckGo  |
 | `max_results` | int  | 5      | Número máximo de resultados    |
 
+### Baidu Search
+
+| Config        | Tipo   | Padrão                                                          | Descrição                          |
+|---------------|--------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool   | false                                                           | Habilitar pesquisa Baidu           |
+| `api_key`     | string | -                                                               | Chave API Qianfan                  |
+| `base_url`    | string | `https://qianfan.baidubce.com/v2/ai_search/web_search`         | URL da API Baidu Search            |
+| `max_results` | int    | 10                                                              | Número máximo de resultados        |
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "web": {
+      "baidu_search": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "api_key": "YOUR_BAIDU_QIANFAN_API_KEY",
+        "max_results": 10
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
 ### Perplexity
 
 | Config        | Tipo   | Padrão | Descrição                      |
 |---------------|--------|--------|--------------------------------|
-| `enabled`     | bool   | false  | Habilitar pesquisa Perplexity  |
-| `api_key`     | string | -      | Chave API do Perplexity        |
-| `max_results` | int    | 5      | Número máximo de resultados    |
+| `enabled`     | bool     | false  | Habilitar pesquisa Perplexity                                    |
+| `api_key`     | string   | -      | Chave API do Perplexity                                          |
+| `api_keys`    | string[] | -      | Várias chaves API do Perplexity para rotação (prioridade sobre `api_key`) |
+| `max_results` | int      | 5      | Número máximo de resultados                                      |
+
+### Brave
+
+| Config        | Tipo   | Padrão | Descrição                  |
+|---------------|--------|--------|----------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool     | false  | Habilitar pesquisa Brave                                         |
+| `api_key`     | string   | -      | Chave API única do Brave Search                                  |
+| `api_keys`    | string[] | -      | Várias chaves API do Brave para rotação (prioridade sobre `api_key`) |
+| `max_results` | int      | 5      | Número máximo de resultados                                      |
+
+### Tavily
+
+| Config        | Tipo   | Padrão | Descrição                          |
+|---------------|--------|--------|------------------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool   | false  | Habilitar pesquisa Tavily          |
+| `api_key`     | string | -      | Chave API do Tavily                |
+| `base_url`    | string | -      | URL base personalizada do Tavily   |
+| `max_results` | int    | 0      | Número máximo de resultados (0 = padrão) |
+
+### SearXNG
+
+| Config        | Tipo   | Padrão                   | Descrição                      |
+|---------------|--------|--------------------------|--------------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool   | false                    | Habilitar pesquisa SearXNG     |
+| `base_url`    | string | `http://localhost:8888`  | URL da instância SearXNG       |
+| `max_results` | int    | 5                        | Número máximo de resultados    |
+
+### GLM Search
+
+| Config          | Tipo   | Padrão                                               | Descrição                  |
+|-----------------|--------|------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
+| `enabled`       | bool   | false                                                | Habilitar GLM Search       |
+| `api_key`       | string | -                                                    | Chave API GLM              |
+| `base_url`      | string | `https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4/web_search`   | URL da API GLM Search      |
+| `search_engine` | string | `search_std`                                         | Tipo de motor de busca     |
+| `max_results`   | int    | 5                                                    | Número máximo de resultados |
 
 ## Ferramenta Exec
 
diff --git a/docs/security_configuration.md b/docs/security_configuration.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4fe0e304
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/security_configuration.md
@@ -0,0 +1,644 @@
+# Security Configuration
+
+## Overview
+
+PicoClaw supports separating sensitive data (API keys, tokens, secrets, passwords) from the main configuration by storing them in a `.security.yml` file. This improves security by:
+
+1. **Separation of concerns**: Configuration settings and secrets are in separate files
+2. **Easier sharing**: The main config can be shared without exposing sensitive data
+3. **Better version control**: `.security.yml` should be added to `.gitignore`
+4. **Flexible deployment**: Different environments can use different security files
+
+## File Structure
+
+```
+~/.picoclaw/
+├── config.json          # Main configuration (safe to share)
+└── .security.yml         # Security data (never share)
+```
+
+## How It Works
+
+The security configuration works through **direct field mapping**, NOT through `ref:` string references. The system automatically loads values from `.security.yml` and applies them to the corresponding fields in `config.json`.
+
+### Key Points:
+
+- Values in `.security.yml` are automatically mapped to corresponding fields in the config
+- The mapping is based on field names and structure, not on reference strings
+- If a value exists in `.security.yml`, it **overrides** the value in `config.json`
+- You can omit sensitive fields from `config.json` entirely (recommended)
+
+## Security Configuration Structure
+
+### Complete Example: .security.yml
+
+```yaml
+# Model API Keys
+# All models MUST use `api_keys` (plural) array format
+# Even a single key must be provided as an array with one element
+model_list:
+  gpt-5.4:
+    api_keys:
+      - "sk-proj-your-actual-openai-key-1"
+      - "sk-proj-your-actual-openai-key-2"  # Optional: Multiple keys for failover
+  claude-sonnet-4.6:
+    api_keys:
+      - "sk-ant-your-actual-anthropic-key"  # Single key in array format
+
+# Channel Tokens
+channels:
+  telegram:
+    token: "your-telegram-bot-token"
+  feishu:
+    app_secret: "your-feishu-app-secret"
+    encrypt_key: "your-feishu-encrypt-key"
+    verification_token: "your-feishu-verification-token"
+  discord:
+    token: "your-discord-bot-token"
+  weixin:
+    token: "your-weixin-token"
+  qq:
+    app_secret: "your-qq-app-secret"
+  dingtalk:
+    client_secret: "your-dingtalk-client-secret"
+  slack:
+    bot_token: "your-slack-bot-token"
+    app_token: "your-slack-app-token"
+  matrix:
+    access_token: "your-matrix-access-token"
+  line:
+    channel_secret: "your-line-channel-secret"
+    channel_access_token: "your-line-channel-access-token"
+  onebot:
+    access_token: "your-onebot-access-token"
+  wecom:
+    token: "your-wecom-token"
+    encoding_aes_key: "your-wecom-encoding-aes-key"
+  wecom_app:
+    corp_secret: "your-wecom-app-corp-secret"
+    token: "your-wecom-app-token"
+    encoding_aes_key: "your-wecom-app-encoding-aes-key"
+  wecom_aibot:
+    secret: "your-wecom-aibot-secret"
+    token: "your-wecom-aibot-token"
+    encoding_aes_key: "your-wecom-aibot-encoding-aes-key"
+  pico:
+    token: "your-pico-token"
+  irc:
+    password: "your-irc-password"
+    nickserv_password: "your-irc-nickserv-password"
+    sasl_password: "your-irc-sasl-password"
+
+# Web Tool API Keys
+web:
+  brave:
+    api_keys:
+      - "BSAyour-brave-api-key-1"
+      - "BSAyour-brave-api-key-2"  # Optional: Multiple keys for failover
+  tavily:
+    api_keys:
+      - "tvly-your-tavily-api-key"  # Single key in array format
+  perplexity:
+    api_keys:
+      - "pplx-your-perplexity-api-key"  # Single key in array format
+  glm_search:
+    api_key: "your-glm-search-api-key"  # GLMSearch uses single key format (not array)
+  baidu_search:
+    api_key: "your-baidu-search-api-key"
+
+# Skills Registry Tokens
+skills:
+  github:
+    token: "your-github-token"
+  clawhub:
+    auth_token: "your-clawhub-auth-token"
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+### Step 1: Create .security.yml
+
+Create or copy the security file:
+```bash
+cp security.example.yml ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml
+```
+
+### Step 2: Fill in your actual values
+
+Edit `~/.picoclaw/.security.yml` and replace placeholder values with your actual API keys and tokens.
+
+### Step 3: Set proper permissions
+
+```bash
+chmod 600 ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml
+```
+
+### Step 4: Simplify config.json (Recommended)
+
+You can now remove sensitive fields from `config.json` since they're loaded from `.security.yml`:
+
+**Before:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_base": "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+      "api_key": "sk-your-actual-api-key-here"
+    }
+  ],
+  "channels": {
+    "telegram": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "token": "1234567890:ABCdefGHIjklMNOpqrsTUVwxyz"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**After:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_base": "https://api.openai.com/v1"
+      // api_key is now loaded from .security.yml
+    }
+  ],
+  "channels": {
+    "telegram": {
+      "enabled": true"
+      // token is now loaded from .security.yml
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Step 5: Verify
+
+Restart PicoClaw and verify it loads correctly:
+```bash
+picoclaw --version
+```
+
+## Field Mapping Rules
+
+### Models
+
+**In .security.yml:**
+```yaml
+model_list:
+  <model_name>:
+    api_keys:
+      - "key-1"
+      - "key-2"
+```
+
+**Mapping:**
+- Field `api_keys` (array) maps to the model's API keys
+- The `<model_name>` must match the `model_name` field in `config.json`
+- Supports indexed names (e.g., "gpt-5.4:0") - the system will also try the base name ("gpt-5.4")
+
+### Channels
+
+Each channel maps its fields directly:
+
+**In .security.yml:**
+```yaml
+channels:
+  telegram:
+    token: "value"
+  feishu:
+    app_secret: "value"
+    encrypt_key: "value"
+    verification_token: "value"
+  discord:
+    token: "value"
+```
+
+**Mapping:**
+- `channels.telegram.token` → `config.channels.telegram.token`
+- `channels.feishu.app_secret` → `config.channels.feishu.app_secret`
+- etc.
+
+### Web Tools
+
+**Brave, Tavily, Perplexity:**
+```yaml
+web:
+  brave:
+    api_keys:
+      - "key-1"
+      - "key-2"
+```
+- Use `api_keys` (plural) array format
+
+**GLMSearch:**
+```yaml
+web:
+  glm_search:
+    api_key: "single-key-here"
+```
+- Use `api_key` (singular) single string format
+
+**BaiduSearch:**
+```yaml
+web:
+  baidu_search:
+    api_key: "your-key"
+```
+- Use `api_key` (singular) single string format
+
+### Skills
+
+**In .security.yml:**
+```yaml
+skills:
+  github:
+    token: "value"
+  clawhub:
+    auth_token: "value"
+```
+
+## API Key Formats
+
+### Models - Single key
+
+Use array format with one element:
+```yaml
+model_list:
+  gpt-5.4:
+    api_keys:
+      - "sk-your-key"
+```
+
+### Models - Multiple keys (Load Balancing & Failover)
+
+Use array format with multiple elements:
+```yaml
+model_list:
+  gpt-5.4:
+    api_keys:
+      - "sk-your-key-1"
+      - "sk-your-key-2"
+      - "sk-your-key-3"
+```
+
+**Benefits:**
+- **Load balancing**: Requests are distributed across multiple keys
+- **Failover**: Automatic switching to another key if one fails
+- **Rate limit management**: Distribute usage across multiple keys
+- **High availability**: Reduce downtime during API provider issues
+
+### Web Tools (Brave/Tavily/Perplexity) - Single key
+
+```yaml
+web:
+  brave:
+    api_keys:
+      - "BSA-your-key"
+```
+
+### Web Tools (Brave/Tavily/Perplexity) - Multiple keys
+
+```yaml
+web:
+  brave:
+    api_keys:
+      - "BSA-key-1"
+      - "BSA-key-2"
+```
+
+### Web Tool (GLMSearch/BaiduSearch) - Single key only
+
+```yaml
+web:
+  glm_search:
+    api_key: "your-glm-key"  # Single string (NOT array)
+  baidu_search:
+    api_key: "your-baidu-key"  # Single string (NOT array)
+```
+
+## Model Name Matching
+
+The system supports intelligent model name matching in `.security.yml`:
+
+### Example 1: Exact Match
+
+**config.json:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "gpt-5.4:0"
+}
+```
+
+**.security.yml (exact match with index):**
+```yaml
+model_list:
+  gpt-5.4:0:
+    api_keys: ["key-1"]
+```
+
+### Example 2: Base Name Match
+
+**config.json:**
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "gpt-5.4:0"
+}
+```
+
+**.security.yml (base name without index):**
+```yaml
+model_list:
+  gpt-5.4:
+    api_keys: ["key-1", "key-2"]
+```
+
+Both methods work. The base name match allows you to use simpler keys in `.security.yml` even when your config uses indexed model names for load balancing.
+
+## Backward Compatibility
+
+The system maintains full backward compatibility:
+
+1. **Direct values**: You can still use direct values in `config.json` (not recommended for production)
+2. **Mixed usage**: You can have some fields in `.security.yml` and others in `config.json`
+3. **Optional security file**: If `.security.yml` doesn't exist, the system will only use values from `config.json`
+4. **Override behavior**: If a field exists in both files, `.security.yml` value takes precedence
+
+## Environment Variables
+
+You can override any security value using environment variables:
+
+**For models:**
+```bash
+export PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_TOKEN="token-from-env"
+```
+
+**For channels:**
+```bash
+export PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_TOKEN="token-from-env"
+export PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_APP_SECRET="secret-from-env"
+```
+
+**For web tools:**
+```bash
+export PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_API_KEY="key-from-env"
+export PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BAIDU_API_KEY="baidu-key-from-env"
+```
+
+Environment variables have the highest priority and will override both `config.json` and `.security.yml` values.
+
+The pattern is: `PICOCLAW_<SECTION>_<KEY>_<FIELD>` with underscores separating path segments and converted to uppercase.
+
+## Security Best Practices
+
+1. **Never commit `.security.yml`** to version control
+2. **Add to .gitignore**: Ensure `.security.yml` is in your `.gitignore` file
+3. **Set file permissions**: `chmod 600 ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml`
+4. **Use different keys** for different environments (dev, staging, production)
+5. **Rotate keys regularly** and update `.security.yml`
+6. **Backup securely**: Encrypt backups containing `.security.yml`
+7. **Review access**: Ensure only authorized users have read access to the file
+
+## API
+
+### loadSecurityConfig
+
+```go
+func loadSecurityConfig(securityPath string) (*SecurityConfig, error)
+```
+
+Loads the security configuration from `.security.yml`. Returns an empty `SecurityConfig` if the file doesn't exist.
+
+### saveSecurityConfig
+
+```go
+func saveSecurityConfig(securityPath string, sec *SecurityConfig) error
+```
+
+Saves the security configuration to `.security.yml` with `0o600` permissions.
+
+### applySecurityConfig
+
+```go
+func applySecurityConfig(cfg *Config, sec *SecurityConfig) error
+```
+
+Applies security configuration to the main config by copying values from `.security.yml` to the corresponding fields in the config.
+
+### securityPath
+
+```go
+func securityPath(configPath string) string
+```
+
+Returns the path to `.security.yml` relative to the config file.
+
+## Example: Complete Configuration
+
+### config.json
+
+```json
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "workspace": "~/picoclaw-workspace",
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4"
+    }
+  },
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_base": "https://api.openai.com/v1"
+    },
+    {
+      "model_name": "claude-sonnet-4.6",
+      "model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
+      "api_base": "https://api.anthropic.com/v1"
+    }
+  ],
+  "channels": {
+    "telegram": {
+      "enabled": true
+    }
+  },
+  "tools": {
+    "web": {
+      "brave": {
+        "enabled": true
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### .security.yml
+
+```yaml
+model_list:
+  gpt-5.4:
+    api_keys:
+      - "sk-proj-actual-openai-key-1"
+      - "sk-proj-actual-openai-key-2"
+  claude-sonnet-4.6:
+    api_keys:
+      - "sk-ant-actual-anthropic-key"
+
+channels:
+  telegram:
+    token: "1234567890:ABCdefGHIjklMNOpqrsTUVwxyz"
+
+web:
+  brave:
+    api_keys:
+      - "BSAactualbravekey-1"
+      - "BSAactualbravekey-2"
+  tavily:
+    api_keys:
+      - "tvly-your-tavily-key"
+  glm_search:
+    api_key: "your-glm-key"
+  baidu_search:
+    api_key: "your-baidu-key"
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+Run the security configuration tests:
+
+```bash
+go test ./pkg/config -run TestSecurityConfig
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### Error: "failed to load security config"
+
+- Verify `.security.yml` exists in the same directory as `config.json`
+- Check the YAML syntax is valid (use a YAML validator)
+- Ensure file permissions allow reading
+
+### Error: "model security entry not found"
+
+- Ensure the model name in `config.json` matches exactly in `.security.yml`
+- Check that the `model_list` section exists in `.security.yml`
+- For models with indexed names (e.g., "gpt-5.4:0"), ensure the exact name is used or check the base name without index
+- Verify the YAML structure is correct (proper indentation)
+
+### Multiple API Keys Not Working
+
+- Ensure you're using `api_keys` (plural) in `.security.yml` for models and web tools (except GLMSearch/BaiduSearch)
+- Check that the array format is correct in YAML (proper indentation with dashes)
+- Remember: Models, Brave, Tavily, Perplexity MUST use `api_keys` (array format)
+- GLMSearch and BaiduSearch MUST use `api_key` (single string format)
+
+### Load Balancing/Failover Issues
+
+- Verify all API keys in the `api_keys` array are valid
+- Check that all keys have the same rate limits and permissions
+- Monitor logs to see which keys are being used and failing
+- Ensure the `api_keys` array is properly formatted in YAML
+
+### Keys Not Being Applied
+
+- Check that `.security.yml` is in the same directory as `config.json`
+- Verify the file permissions allow reading (`chmod 600 ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml`)
+- Ensure the YAML structure matches the expected format
+- Check for typos in field names (case-sensitive)
+- Verify the model/channel names match exactly (case-sensitive)
+
+## Migration Guide
+
+### Step 1: Backup your config
+
+```bash
+cp ~/.picoclaw/config.json ~/.picoclaw/config.json.backup
+```
+
+### Step 2: Create .security.yml
+
+```bash
+cp security.example.yml ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml
+```
+
+### Step 3: Fill in your API keys
+
+Edit `~/.picoclaw/.security.yml` and replace placeholder values with your actual keys.
+
+### Step 4: Remove sensitive fields from config.json
+
+Remove or comment out sensitive fields from `config.json`:
+- `api_key` fields from `model_list` entries
+- `token` fields from `channels`
+- `api_key` fields from `tools.web`
+- `token`/`auth_token` fields from `tools.skills`
+
+### Step 5: Set proper permissions
+
+```bash
+chmod 600 ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml
+```
+
+### Step 6: Test
+
+```bash
+picoclaw --version
+```
+
+### Step 7: Verify functionality
+
+Test your models and channels to ensure everything works correctly.
+
+### Step 8: Clean up (optional)
+
+If everything works, you can delete the backup:
+```bash
+rm ~/.picoclaw/config.json.backup
+```
+
+## Advanced: Encrypted API Keys
+
+PicoClaw supports encrypting API keys in the security file for additional protection.
+
+### Setup
+
+1. Set a passphrase via environment variable:
+```bash
+export PICOCLAW_CREDENTIAL_PASSPHRASE="your-secure-passphrase"
+```
+
+2. When saving config, API keys will be encrypted automatically:
+```go
+SaveConfig(path, config)
+```
+
+### Encrypted Format
+
+Encrypted keys are stored as:
+```yaml
+model_list:
+  gpt-5.4:
+    api_keys:
+      - "enc://encrypted-base64-string"
+```
+
+The system automatically decrypts keys at runtime when loading the configuration.
+
+### Benefits
+
+- Additional layer of security
+- Keys are encrypted at rest
+- Passphrase can be managed separately from the config file
+
+### Important Notes
+
+- Always backup your passphrase securely
+- If you lose the passphrase, you'll lose access to encrypted keys
+- Use a strong, unique passphrase
+- Never commit the passphrase to version control
diff --git a/docs/sensitive_data_filtering.md b/docs/sensitive_data_filtering.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c10ff01d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sensitive_data_filtering.md
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# Sensitive Data Filtering
+
+PicoClaw can filter sensitive values (API keys, tokens, secrets, passwords) from tool call results before they are sent to the LLM. This prevents the LLM from seeing its own credentials, which could otherwise leak through tool output or cause confusing behavior.
+
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+When the LLM uses a tool that returns its own credentials (e.g., a tool that echoes the API key being used), those values are automatically replaced with `[FILTERED]` in the message sent to the LLM.
+
+Sensitive values are collected from [`.security.yml`](./credential_encryption.md) — the centralized storage for all sensitive configuration (API keys, tokens, secrets stored alongside `config.json`). This includes:
+
+- Model API keys
+- Channel tokens (Telegram, Discord, Slack, Matrix, etc.)
+- Web tool API keys (Brave, Tavily, Perplexity, etc.)
+- Skills tokens (GitHub, ClawHub)
+
+---
+
+## Configuration
+
+Sensitive data filtering is configured in the `tools` section of `config.json`:
+
+| Config | Type | Default | Description |
+|--------|------|---------|-------------|
+| `filter_sensitive_data` | bool | `true` | Enable/disable filtering. When `false`, no filtering is performed. |
+| `filter_min_length` | int | `8` | Minimum content length to trigger filtering. Short content is skipped for performance. |
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "filter_sensitive_data": true,
+    "filter_min_length": 8
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Environment Variable
+
+| Variable | Description |
+|----------|-------------|
+| `PICOCLAW_TOOLS_FILTER_SENSITIVE_DATA` | Set to `true` or `false` to override the config value |
+
+---
+
+## How It Works
+
+1. **On startup**: All sensitive values are collected from `.security.yml` using reflection and compiled into a `strings.Replacer` (O(n+m) performance, computed once).
+
+2. **Per tool result**: Before sending any tool result content to the LLM:
+   - If `filter_sensitive_data` is `false`, content is passed through unchanged
+   - If content length < `filter_min_length`, content is passed through unchanged (fast path)
+   - Otherwise, all sensitive values are replaced with `[FILTERED]`
+
+3. **Replacement**: Uses `strings.Replacer` for efficient O(n+m) string substitution, where n = content length and m = total sensitive value length.
+
+---
+
+## Example
+
+Given the following `.security.yml`:
+
+```yaml
+model_list:
+  my-model:
+    api_keys:
+      - sk-secret-key-12345
+
+channels:
+  telegram:
+    token: "123456:ABC-DEF"
+```
+
+And a tool result containing:
+
+```
+The model is using API key sk-secret-key-12345 and Telegram bot 123456:ABC-DEF
+```
+
+The LLM will receive:
+
+```
+The model is using API key [FILTERED] and Telegram bot [FILTERED]
+```
+
+---
+
+## Performance
+
+- **Fast path**: Content shorter than `filter_min_length` (default 8) is returned unchanged without any string scanning
+- **Efficient replacement**: Uses `strings.Replacer` with O(n+m) complexity instead of regex
+- **Lazy initialization**: The replacement map is built once on first access via `sync.Once`
+
+---
+
+## Security Considerations
+
+- **Credential exposure prevention**: Without filtering, tools that echo credentials could cause the LLM to see its own API keys, potentially leading to confusion or credential leakage in logs
+- **Defense in depth**: Filtering complements (but does not replace) credential encryption — both features should be used together
+- **No false positives**: Only values explicitly stored in `.security.yml` are filtered; the LLM's general knowledge is unaffected
+
+---
+
+## Related
+
+- [Credential Encryption](./credential_encryption.md) — encrypting API keys in config
+- [Tools Configuration](./tools_configuration.md)
diff --git a/docs/steering.md b/docs/steering.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63294ac5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/steering.md
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+# Steering
+
+Steering allows injecting messages into an already-running agent loop, interrupting it between tool calls without waiting for the entire cycle to complete.
+
+## How it works
+
+When the agent is executing a sequence of tool calls (e.g. the model requested 3 tools in a single turn), steering checks the queue **after each tool** completes. If it finds queued messages:
+
+1. The remaining tools are **skipped** and receive `"Skipped due to queued user message."` as their result
+2. The steering messages are **injected into the conversation context**
+3. The model is called again with the updated context, including the user's steering message
+
+```
+User ──► Steer("change approach")
+                │
+Agent Loop      ▼
+  ├─ tool[0] ✔  (executed)
+  ├─ [polling] → steering found!
+  ├─ tool[1] ✘  (skipped)
+  ├─ tool[2] ✘  (skipped)
+  └─ new LLM turn with steering message
+```
+
+## Scoped queues
+
+Steering is now isolated per resolved session scope, not stored in a single
+global queue.
+
+- The active turn writes and reads from its own scope key (usually the routed session key such as `agent:<agent_id>:...`)
+- `Steer()` still works outside an active turn through a legacy fallback queue
+- `Continue()` first dequeues messages for the requested session scope, then falls back to the legacy queue for backwards compatibility
+
+This prevents a message arriving from another chat, DM peer, or routed agent
+session from being injected into the wrong conversation.
+
+## Configuration
+
+In `config.json`, under `agents.defaults`:
+
+```json
+{
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "steering_mode": "one-at-a-time"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Modes
+
+| Value | Behavior |
+|-------|----------|
+| `"one-at-a-time"` | **(default)** Dequeues only one message per polling cycle. If there are 3 messages in the queue, they are processed one at a time across 3 successive iterations. |
+| `"all"` | Drains the entire queue in a single poll. All pending messages are injected into the context together. |
+
+The environment variable `PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_STEERING_MODE` can be used as an alternative.
+
+## Go API
+
+### Steer — Send a steering message
+
+```go
+err := agentLoop.Steer(providers.Message{
+    Role:    "user",
+    Content: "change direction, focus on X instead",
+})
+if err != nil {
+    // Queue is full (MaxQueueSize=10) or not initialized
+}
+```
+
+The message is enqueued in a thread-safe manner. Returns an error if the queue is full or not initialized. It will be picked up at the next polling point (after the current tool finishes).
+
+### SteeringMode / SetSteeringMode
+
+```go
+// Read the current mode
+mode := agentLoop.SteeringMode() // SteeringOneAtATime | SteeringAll
+
+// Change it at runtime
+agentLoop.SetSteeringMode(agent.SteeringAll)
+```
+
+### Continue — Resume an idle agent
+
+When the agent is idle (it has finished processing and its last message was from the assistant), `Continue` checks if there are steering messages in the queue and uses them to start a new cycle:
+
+```go
+response, err := agentLoop.Continue(ctx, sessionKey, channel, chatID)
+if err != nil {
+    // Error (e.g. "no default agent available")
+}
+if response == "" {
+    // No steering messages in queue, the agent stays idle
+}
+```
+
+`Continue` internally uses `SkipInitialSteeringPoll: true` to avoid double-dequeuing the same messages (since it already extracted them and passes them directly as input).
+
+`Continue` also resolves the target agent from the provided session key, so
+agent-scoped sessions continue on the correct agent instead of always using
+the default one.
+
+## Polling points in the loop
+
+Steering is checked at the following points in the agent cycle:
+
+1. **At loop start** — before the first LLM call, to catch messages enqueued during setup
+2. **After every tool completes** — including the first and the last. If steering is found and there are remaining tools, they are all skipped immediately
+3. **After a direct LLM response** — if a new steering message arrived while the model was generating a non-tool response, the loop continues instead of returning a stale answer
+4. **Right before the turn is finalized** — if steering arrived at the very end of the turn, the agent immediately starts a continuation turn instead of leaving the message orphaned in the queue
+
+## Why remaining tools are skipped
+
+When a steering message is detected, all remaining tools in the batch are skipped rather than executed. The alternative — let all tools finish and inject the steering message afterwards — was considered and rejected. Here is why.
+
+### Preventing unwanted side effects
+
+Tools can have **irreversible side effects**. If the user says "no, wait" while the agent is mid-batch, executing the remaining tools means those side effects happen anyway:
+
+| Tool batch | Steering message | With skip | Without skip |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `[web_search, send_email]` | "don't send it" | Email **not** sent | Email sent, damage done |
+| `[query_db, write_file, spawn_agent]` | "use another database" | Only the query runs | File written + subagent spawned, all wasted |
+| `[search₁, search₂, search₃, write_file]` | user changes topic entirely | 1 search | 3 searches + file write, all irrelevant |
+
+### Avoiding wasted time
+
+Tools that take seconds (web fetches, API calls, database queries) would all run to completion before the agent sees the user's correction. In a batch of 3 tools each taking 3-4 seconds, that's 10+ seconds of work that will be discarded.
+
+With skipping, the agent reacts as soon as the current tool finishes — typically within a few seconds instead of waiting for the entire batch.
+
+### The LLM gets full context
+
+Skipped tools receive an explicit error result (`"Skipped due to queued user message."`), so the model knows exactly which actions were not performed. It can then decide whether to re-execute them with the new context, or take a different path entirely.
+
+### Trade-off: sequential execution
+
+Skipping requires tools to run **sequentially** (the previous implementation ran them in parallel). This introduces latency when the LLM requests multiple independent tools in a single turn. In practice, most batches contain 1-2 tools, so the impact is minimal compared to the benefit of being able to stop unwanted actions.
+
+## Skipped tool result format
+
+When steering interrupts a batch, each tool that was not executed receives a `tool` result with:
+
+```
+Content: "Skipped due to queued user message."
+```
+
+This is saved to the session via `AddFullMessage` and sent to the model, so it is aware that some requested actions were not performed.
+
+## Full flow example
+
+```
+1. User: "search for info on X, write a file, and send me a message"
+
+2. LLM responds with 3 tool calls: [web_search, write_file, message]
+
+3. web_search is executed → result saved
+
+4. [polling] → User called Steer("no, search for Y instead")
+
+5. write_file is skipped → "Skipped due to queued user message."
+   message is skipped    → "Skipped due to queued user message."
+
+6. Message "search for Y instead" injected into context
+
+7. LLM receives the full updated context and responds accordingly
+```
+
+## Automatic bus drain
+
+When the agent loop (`Run()`) starts processing a message, it spawns a background goroutine that keeps consuming new inbound messages from the bus. These messages are automatically redirected into the steering queue via `Steer()`. This means:
+
+- Users on any channel (Telegram, Discord, etc.) don't need to do anything special — their messages are automatically captured as steering when the agent is busy
+- Audio messages are transcribed before being steered, so the agent receives text. If transcription fails, the original (non-transcribed) message is steered as-is
+- Only messages that resolve to the **same steering scope** as the active turn are redirected. Messages for other chats/sessions are requeued onto the inbound bus so they can be processed normally
+- `system` inbound messages are not treated as steering input
+- When `processMessage` finishes, the drain goroutine is canceled and normal message consumption resumes
+
+## Steering with media
+
+Steering messages can include `Media` refs, just like normal inbound user
+messages.
+
+- The original `media://` refs are preserved in session history via `AddFullMessage`
+- Before the next provider call, steering messages go through the normal media resolution pipeline
+- Image refs are converted to data URLs for multimodal providers; non-image refs are resolved the same way as standard inbound media
+
+This applies both to in-turn steering and to idle-session continuation through
+`Continue()`.
+
+## Notes
+
+- Steering **does not interrupt** a tool that is currently executing. It waits for the current tool to finish, then checks the queue.
+- With `one-at-a-time` mode, if multiple messages are enqueued rapidly, they will be processed one per iteration. This gives the model the opportunity to react to each message individually.
+- With `all` mode, all pending messages are combined into a single injection. Useful when you want the agent to receive all the context at once.
+- The steering queue has a maximum capacity of 10 messages (`MaxQueueSize`). `Steer()` returns an error when the queue is full. In the bus drain path, the error is logged as a warning and the message is effectively dropped.
+- Manual `Steer()` calls made outside an active turn still go to the legacy fallback queue, so older integrations keep working.
diff --git a/docs/subturn.md b/docs/subturn.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b84c06627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/subturn.md
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+# 🔄 SubTurn Mechanism
+
+> Back to [README](../README.md)
+
+## Overview
+
+The `SubTurn` mechanism is a core feature in PicoClaw that allows tools to spawn isolated, nested agent loops to handle complex sub-tasks.
+
+By using a SubTurn, an agent can break down a problem and run a separate LLM invocation in an independent, ephemeral session. This ensures that intermediate reasoning, background tasks, or sub-agent outputs do not pollute the main conversation history.
+
+## Core Capabilities
+
+- **Context Isolation**: Each SubTurn uses an `ephemeralSessionStore`. Its message history does not leak into the parent task and is destroyed upon completion. The ephemeral session holds at most **50 messages**; older messages are automatically truncated when this limit is reached.
+- **Depth & Concurrency Limits**: Prevents infinite loops and resource exhaustion.
+  - **Maximum Depth**: Up to 3 nested levels.
+  - **Maximum Concurrency**: Up to 5 concurrent sub-turns per parent turn (managed via a semaphore with a 30-second timeout).
+- **Context Protection**: Supports soft context limits (`MaxContextRunes`). It proactively truncates old messages (while preserving system prompts and recent context) before hitting the provider's hard context window limit.
+- **Error Recovery**: Automatically detects and recovers from provider context length exceeded errors and truncation errors by compressing history and retrying.
+
+## Configuration (`SubTurnConfig`)
+
+When spawning a SubTurn, you must provide a `SubTurnConfig`:
+
+| Field | Type | Description |
+| :--- | :--- | :--- |
+| `Model` | `string` | The LLM model to use for the sub-turn (e.g., `gpt-4o-mini`). **Required.** |
+| `Tools` | `[]tools.Tool` | Tools granted to the sub-turn. If empty, it inherits the parent's tools. |
+| `SystemPrompt` | `string` | The task description for the sub-turn. Sent as the first user message to the LLM (not as a system prompt override). |
+| `ActualSystemPrompt` | `string` | Optional explicit system prompt to replace the agent's default. Leave empty to inherit the parent agent's system prompt. |
+| `MaxTokens` | `int` | Maximum tokens for the generated response. |
+| `Async` | `bool` | Controls the result delivery mode (Synchronous vs. Asynchronous). |
+| `Critical` | `bool` | If `true`, the sub-turn continues running even if the parent finishes gracefully. |
+| `Timeout` | `time.Duration` | Maximum execution time (default: 5 minutes). |
+| `MaxContextRunes`| `int` | Soft context limit. `0` = auto-calculate (75% of model's context window, recommended), `-1` = no limit (disable soft truncation, rely only on hard context error recovery), `>0` = use specified rune limit. |
+
+> **Note:** The `Async` flag does **not** make the call non-blocking. It only controls whether the result is also delivered to the parent's `pendingResults` channel. Both modes block the caller until the sub-turn completes. For true non-blocking execution, the caller must spawn the sub-turn in a separate goroutine.
+
+## Execution Modes
+
+### Synchronous (`Async: false`)
+
+This is the standard mode where the caller needs the result immediately to proceed.
+
+- The caller blocks until the sub-turn completes.
+- The result is **only** returned directly via the function return value.
+- It is **not** delivered to the parent's pending results channel.
+
+**Example:**
+```go
+cfg := agent.SubTurnConfig{
+    Model:        "gpt-4o-mini",
+    SystemPrompt: "Analyze the provided codebase...",
+    Async:        false,
+}
+result, err := agent.SpawnSubTurn(ctx, cfg)
+// Process result immediately
+```
+
+### Asynchronous (`Async: true`)
+
+Used for "fire-and-forget" operations or parallel processing where the parent turn collects results later.
+
+- The result is delivered to the parent turn's `pendingResults` channel.
+- The result is **also** returned via the function return value (for consistency).
+- The parent's Agent Loop will poll this channel in subsequent iterations and automatically inject the results into the ongoing conversation context as `[SubTurn Result]`.
+
+**Example:**
+```go
+cfg := agent.SubTurnConfig{
+    Model:        "gpt-4o-mini",
+    SystemPrompt: "Run a background security scan...",
+    Async:        true,
+}
+result, err := agent.SpawnSubTurn(ctx, cfg)
+// The result will also be injected into the parent loop later via channel
+```
+
+## Error Recovery and Retries
+
+SubTurns implement automatic retry mechanisms for transient errors:
+
+| Error Type | Max Retries | Recovery Action |
+|:-----------|:------------|:----------------|
+| Context Length Exceeded | 2 | Force compress history and retry |
+| Response Truncated (`finish_reason="truncated"`) | 2 | Inject recovery prompt and retry |
+
+### Truncation Recovery
+When the LLM response is truncated (`finish_reason="truncated"`), SubTurn automatically:
+1. Detects the truncation from `turnState.lastFinishReason`
+2. Injects a recovery prompt: "Your previous response was truncated due to length. Please provide a shorter, complete response..."
+3. Retries up to 2 times
+
+### Context Error Recovery
+When the provider returns a context length error (e.g., `context_length_exceeded`):
+1. Force compresses the message history (drops oldest 50% of conversation)
+2. Retries with the compressed context
+3. Up to 2 retries before failing
+
+## Lifecycle and Cancellation
+
+SubTurns operate within an independent context but maintain a structural link to their parent `turnState`.
+
+### Graceful Parent Finish
+When the parent task finishes naturally (`Finish(false)`):
+- **Non-critical** sub-turns receive a signal to exit gracefully without throwing an error.
+- **Critical** (`Critical: true`) sub-turns continue running in the background. Once finished, their results are emitted as **Orphan Results** so the data is not lost.
+
+### Hard Abort
+When the parent task is forcefully aborted (e.g., user interrupts with `/stop`):
+- A cascading cancellation is triggered, instantly terminating all child and grandchild sub-turns.
+- The root turn's session history rolls back to the snapshot taken at turn start (`initialHistoryLength`), preventing dirty context. SubTurns are not affected by this rollback as they use ephemeral sessions that are discarded anyway.
+
+## Agent Loop Integration
+
+### Bus Draining During Processing
+
+When a message enters the `Run()` loop, the agent starts a `drainBusToSteering` goroutine before calling `processMessage`. This goroutine runs concurrently with the entire processing lifecycle and continuously consumes any new inbound messages from the bus, redirecting them into the **steering queue** instead of dropping them.
+
+This ensures that if a user sends a follow-up message while the agent is processing (including during SubTurn execution), the message is not lost — it will be picked up between tool call iterations via `dequeueSteeringMessages`.
+
+The drain goroutine stops automatically when `processMessage` returns (via a cancellable context).
+
+### Pending Result Polling
+
+The agent loop polls for async SubTurn results at two points per iteration:
+1. **Before the LLM call**: injects any arrived results as `[SubTurn Result]` messages into the conversation context.
+2. **After all tool executions**: polls again during the tool loop to catch results that arrived during tool execution.
+3. **After the final iteration**: one last poll before the turn ends to avoid losing late-arriving results.
+
+### Turn State Tracking
+
+All active root turns are registered in `AgentLoop.activeTurnStates` (`sync.Map`, keyed by session key). This allows `HardAbort` and `/subagents` observability commands to find and operate on active turns.
+
+## Event Bus Integration
+
+SubTurns emit specific events to the PicoClaw `EventBus` for observability and debugging:
+
+| Event Kind | When Emitted | Payload |
+|:------|:-------------|:--------|
+| `subturn_spawn` | Sub-turn successfully initialized | `SubTurnSpawnPayload{AgentID, Label, ParentTurnID}` |
+| `subturn_end` | Sub-turn finishes (success or error) | `SubTurnEndPayload{AgentID, Status}` |
+| `subturn_result_delivered` | Async result successfully delivered to parent | `SubTurnResultDeliveredPayload{TargetChannel, TargetChatID, ContentLen}` |
+| `subturn_orphan` | Result cannot be delivered (parent finished or channel full) | `SubTurnOrphanPayload{ParentTurnID, ChildTurnID, Reason}` |
+
+## API Reference
+
+### SpawnSubTurn (Public Entry Point)
+
+```go
+func SpawnSubTurn(ctx context.Context, cfg SubTurnConfig) (*tools.ToolResult, error)
+```
+
+This is the exported package-level entry point for agent-internal code (e.g., tests, direct invocations). It retrieves `AgentLoop` and `turnState` from context and delegates to the internal `spawnSubTurn`.
+
+**Requirements:**
+- `AgentLoop` must be injected into context via `WithAgentLoop()`
+- Parent `turnState` must exist in context (automatically set when called from tools)
+
+**Returns:**
+- `*tools.ToolResult`: Contains `ForLLM` field with the sub-turn's output
+- `error`: One of the defined error types or context errors
+
+### AgentLoopSpawner (Interface Implementation)
+
+```go
+type AgentLoopSpawner struct { al *AgentLoop }
+
+func (s *AgentLoopSpawner) SpawnSubTurn(ctx context.Context, cfg tools.SubTurnConfig) (*tools.ToolResult, error)
+```
+
+This implements the `tools.SubTurnSpawner` interface for use by tools that need to spawn sub-turns without a direct import of the `agent` package (avoiding circular dependencies). It converts `tools.SubTurnConfig` → `agent.SubTurnConfig` before delegating to the internal `spawnSubTurn`.
+
+### NewSubTurnSpawner
+
+```go
+func NewSubTurnSpawner(al *AgentLoop) *AgentLoopSpawner
+```
+
+Creates a new spawner instance for the given AgentLoop. Pass the returned value to `SpawnTool.SetSpawner()` or `SubagentTool.SetSpawner()` during tool registration.
+
+### Continue
+
+```go
+func (al *AgentLoop) Continue(ctx context.Context, sessionKey string) error
+```
+
+Resumes an idle agent turn by injecting any queued steering messages as a new LLM iteration. Used when the agent is waiting and a deferred steering message needs to be processed without a new inbound message arriving.
+
+## Context Propagation
+
+SubTurn relies on context values for proper operation:
+
+| Context Key | Purpose |
+|:------------|:--------|
+| `agentLoopKey` | Stores `*AgentLoop` for tool access and SubTurn spawning |
+| `turnStateKey` | Stores `*turnState` for hierarchy tracking and result delivery |
+
+### Injecting Dependencies
+
+```go
+// Before calling tools that may spawn SubTurns
+ctx = WithAgentLoop(ctx, agentLoop)
+ctx = withTurnState(ctx, turnState)
+```
+
+### Independent Child Context
+
+**Important**: The child SubTurn uses an **independent context** derived from `context.Background()`, not from the parent context. This design choice:
+
+- Allows critical SubTurns to continue after parent cancellation
+- Prevents parent timeout from affecting child execution
+- Child has its own timeout for self-protection (`Timeout` config or 5 minutes default)
+
+## Error Types
+
+| Error | Condition |
+|:------|:----------|
+| `ErrDepthLimitExceeded` | SubTurn depth exceeds 3 levels |
+| `ErrInvalidSubTurnConfig` | Required field `Model` is empty |
+| `ErrConcurrencyTimeout` | All 5 concurrency slots occupied for 30+ seconds |
+| Context errors | Parent context cancelled during semaphore acquisition |
+
+## Thread Safety
+
+SubTurns are designed for concurrent execution:
+
+- **Parent-child relationships**: Managed under mutex (`parentTS.mu.Lock()`)
+- **Active turn tracking**: Uses `sync.Map` for concurrent access to `activeTurnStates`
+- **ID generation**: Uses `atomic.Int64` for unique SubTurn IDs (format: `subturn-N`, globally monotonic per `AgentLoop` instance)
+- **Result delivery**: Reads parent state under lock, releases before channel send (small race window acceptable)
+
+## Orphan Results
+
+An orphan result occurs when:
+1. Parent turn finishes before the SubTurn completes
+2. The `pendingResults` channel is full (buffer size: 16)
+
+When a result becomes orphan:
+- `SubTurnOrphanResultEvent` is emitted to EventBus
+- The result is **NOT** delivered to the LLM context
+- External systems can listen to this event for custom handling
+
+### Preventing Orphan Results
+- Use `Critical: true` for important SubTurns that must complete
+- Monitor `SubTurnOrphanResultEvent` for observability
+- Consider the 16-buffer limit when spawning many async SubTurns
+
+## Tool Inheritance
+
+### When `cfg.Tools` is empty:
+- SubTurn inherits **all** tools from the parent agent
+- Tools are registered in a new `ToolRegistry` instance
+- Tool TTL is managed independently from parent
+
+### When `cfg.Tools` is specified:
+- Only the specified tools are available to the SubTurn
+- Parent tools are **NOT** merged
+- Use this to restrict SubTurn capabilities for security or focus
+
+**Example - Restricted SubTurn:**
+```go
+cfg := agent.SubTurnConfig{
+    Model: "gpt-4o-mini",
+    Tools: []tools.Tool{readOnlyTool}, // Only read-only access
+    SystemPrompt: "Analyze the file structure...",
+}
+```
+
+## Reference
+
+| Constant | Value |
+|:---------|:------|
+| `maxSubTurnDepth` | 3 |
+| `maxConcurrentSubTurns` | 5 |
+| `concurrencyTimeout` | 30s |
+| `defaultSubTurnTimeout` | 5m |
+| `maxEphemeralHistorySize` | 50 messages |
+| `pendingResults` buffer | 16 |
+| `MaxContextRunes` default | 75% of model context window |
diff --git a/docs/tools_configuration.md b/docs/tools_configuration.md
index d0160050d..b5907b991 100644
--- a/docs/tools_configuration.md
+++ b/docs/tools_configuration.md
@@ -26,6 +26,17 @@ PicoClaw's tools configuration is located in the `tools` field of `config.json`.
 }
 ```
 
+## Sensitive Data Filtering
+
+Before tool results are sent to the LLM, PicoClaw can filter sensitive values (API keys, tokens, secrets) from the output. This prevents the LLM from seeing its own credentials.
+
+See [Sensitive Data Filtering](../sensitive_data_filtering.md) for full documentation.
+
+| Config | Type | Default | Description |
+|--------|------|---------|-------------|
+| `filter_sensitive_data` | bool | `true` | Enable/disable filtering |
+| `filter_min_length` | int | `8` | Minimum content length to trigger filtering |
+
 ## Web Tools
 
 Web tools are used for web search and fetching.
@@ -55,6 +66,31 @@ General settings for fetching and processing webpage content.
 | `enabled`     | bool | true    | Enable DuckDuckGo search  |
 | `max_results` | int  | 5       | Maximum number of results |
 
+### Baidu Search
+
+Baidu Search uses the [Qianfan AI Search API](https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan-api/s/Wmbq4z7e5), which is AI-powered and optimized for Chinese-language queries.
+
+| Config        | Type   | Default                                                          | Description               |
+|---------------|--------|------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool   | false                                                            | Enable Baidu Search       |
+| `api_key`     | string | -                                                                | Qianfan API key           |
+| `base_url`    | string | `https://qianfan.baidubce.com/v2/ai_search/web_search`          | Baidu Search API URL      |
+| `max_results` | int    | 10                                                               | Maximum number of results |
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "web": {
+      "baidu_search": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "api_key": "YOUR_BAIDU_QIANFAN_API_KEY",
+        "max_results": 10
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
 ### Perplexity
 
 | Config        | Type     | Default | Description                                    |
diff --git a/docs/vi/chat-apps.md b/docs/vi/chat-apps.md
index 3680fed69..5e2a81ccf 100644
--- a/docs/vi/chat-apps.md
+++ b/docs/vi/chat-apps.md
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Trò chuyện với picoclaw của bạn qua Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix
 | **Telegram**         | ⭐ Dễ              | Khuyến nghị, chuyển giọng nói thành văn bản, long polling (không cần IP công khai) | [Tài liệu](../channels/telegram/README.vi.md)                                              |
 | **Discord**          | ⭐ Dễ              | Socket Mode, hỗ trợ nhóm/DM, hệ sinh thái bot phong phú | [Tài liệu](../channels/discord/README.vi.md)                                                                  |
 | **WhatsApp**         | ⭐ Dễ              | Bản địa (quét QR) hoặc Bridge URL                     | [Tài liệu](#whatsapp)                                                                                            |
+| **Weixin**           | ⭐ Dễ              | Quét QR gốc (API Tencent iLink)                       | [Tài liệu](#weixin)                                                                                              |
 | **Slack**            | ⭐ Dễ              | **Socket Mode** (không cần IP công khai), doanh nghiệp | [Tài liệu](../channels/slack/README.vi.md)                                                                      |
 | **Matrix**           | ⭐⭐ Trung bình    | Giao thức liên kết, hỗ trợ tự lưu trữ                | [Tài liệu](../channels/matrix/README.vi.md)                                                                     |
 | **QQ**               | ⭐⭐ Trung bình    | API bot chính thức, cộng đồng Trung Quốc              | [Tài liệu](../channels/qq/README.vi.md)                                                                         |
@@ -20,11 +21,12 @@ Trò chuyện với picoclaw của bạn qua Telegram, Discord, WhatsApp, Matrix
 | **LINE**             | ⭐⭐⭐ Nâng cao    | Yêu cầu HTTPS Webhook                                 | [Tài liệu](../channels/line/README.vi.md)                                                                       |
 | **WeCom (企业微信)** | ⭐⭐⭐ Nâng cao    | Bot nhóm (Webhook), ứng dụng tùy chỉnh (API), AI Bot | [Bot](../channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.vi.md) / [App](../channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.vi.md) / [AI Bot](../channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.vi.md) |
 | **Feishu (飞书)**    | ⭐⭐⭐ Nâng cao    | Cộng tác doanh nghiệp, nhiều tính năng                | [Tài liệu](../channels/feishu/README.vi.md)                                                                     |
-| **IRC**              | ⭐⭐ Trung bình    | Máy chủ + cấu hình TLS                                | -                                                                                                                |
+| **IRC**              | ⭐⭐ Trung bình    | Máy chủ + cấu hình TLS                                | [Tài liệu](#irc) |
 | **OneBot**           | ⭐⭐ Trung bình    | Tương thích NapCat/Go-CQHTTP, hệ sinh thái cộng đồng  | [Tài liệu](../channels/onebot/README.vi.md)                                                                     |
 | **MaixCam**          | ⭐ Dễ              | Kênh tích hợp phần cứng cho camera AI Sipeed          | [Tài liệu](../channels/maixcam/README.vi.md)                                                                    |
 | **Pico**             | ⭐ Dễ              | Kênh giao thức bản địa PicoClaw                       |                                                                                                                  |
 
+<a id="telegram"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Telegram</b> (Khuyến nghị)</summary>
 
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@ Nếu đăng ký lệnh thất bại (lỗi tạm thời mạng/API), kênh vẫ
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="discord"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Discord</b></summary>
 
@@ -138,6 +141,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="whatsapp"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>WhatsApp</b> (native qua whatsmeow)</summary>
 
@@ -165,6 +169,43 @@ Nếu `session_store_path` trống, phiên được lưu tại `<workspace>/what
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="weixin"></a>
+<details>
+<summary><b>Weixin</b> (WeChat Cá nhân)</summary>
+
+PicoClaw hỗ trợ kết nối với tài khoản WeChat cá nhân của bạn thông qua API chính thức Tencent iLink.
+
+**1. Đăng nhập**
+
+Chạy luồng đăng nhập QR tương tác:
+```bash
+picoclaw auth weixin
+```
+Quét mã QR được in ra bằng ứng dụng WeChat trên điện thoại. Sau khi đăng nhập thành công, token sẽ được lưu vào cấu hình.
+
+**2. Cấu hình**
+
+(Tùy chọn) Thêm ID người dùng WeChat vào `allow_from` để giới hạn ai có thể nhắn tin với bot:
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "weixin": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
+      "allow_from": ["YOUR_USER_ID"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**3. Chạy**
+```bash
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<a id="qq"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>QQ</b></summary>
 
@@ -206,6 +247,7 @@ Nếu bạn muốn tạo bot thủ công:
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="dingtalk"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>DingTalk</b></summary>
 
@@ -240,6 +282,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="maixcam"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>MaixCam</b></summary>
 
@@ -262,6 +305,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 </details>
 
 
+<a id="matrix"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Matrix</b></summary>
 
@@ -296,6 +340,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="line"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>LINE</b></summary>
 
@@ -344,6 +389,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="wecom"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>WeCom (企业微信)</b></summary>
 
@@ -458,6 +504,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="feishu"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Feishu (Lark)</b></summary>
 
@@ -499,6 +546,7 @@ Mở Feishu, tìm tên bot của bạn và bắt đầu trò chuyện. Bạn cũ
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="slack"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Slack</b></summary>
 
@@ -532,6 +580,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="irc"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>IRC</b></summary>
 
@@ -565,6 +614,7 @@ Bot sẽ kết nối đến máy chủ IRC và tham gia các kênh đã chỉ đ
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="onebot"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>OneBot (QQ qua giao thức OneBot)</b></summary>
 
diff --git a/docs/vi/configuration.md b/docs/vi/configuration.md
index a21929359..fecadc6ff 100644
--- a/docs/vi/configuration.md
+++ b/docs/vi/configuration.md
@@ -216,4 +216,149 @@ Cho tác vụ chạy lâu (tìm kiếm web, gọi API), sử dụng công cụ `
 
 ```markdown
 # Tác Vụ Định Kỳ
+
+## Tác Vụ Nhanh (trả lời trực tiếp)
+
+- Báo giờ hiện tại
+
+## Tác Vụ Dài (dùng spawn cho bất đồng bộ)
+
+- Tìm kiếm tin tức AI trên web và tóm tắt
+- Kiểm tra email và báo cáo tin nhắn quan trọng
 ```
+
+**Hành vi chính:**
+
+| Tính năng        | Mô tả                                                              |
+| ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| **spawn**        | Tạo subagent bất đồng bộ, không chặn heartbeat                    |
+| **Ngữ cảnh độc lập** | Subagent có ngữ cảnh riêng, không có lịch sử phiên             |
+| **message tool** | Subagent giao tiếp trực tiếp với người dùng qua message tool      |
+| **Không chặn**   | Sau khi spawn, heartbeat tiếp tục tác vụ tiếp theo                |
+
+#### Luồng Giao Tiếp Của Subagent
+
+```
+Heartbeat kích hoạt
+    ↓
+Agent đọc HEARTBEAT.md
+    ↓
+Tác vụ dài: spawn subagent
+    ↓                           ↓
+Tiếp tục tác vụ tiếp theo  Subagent hoạt động độc lập
+    ↓                           ↓
+Hoàn thành tất cả tác vụ   Subagent dùng công cụ "message"
+    ↓                           ↓
+Trả lời HEARTBEAT_OK        Người dùng nhận kết quả trực tiếp
+```
+
+**Cấu hình:**
+
+```json
+{
+  "heartbeat": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "interval": 30
+  }
+}
+```
+
+| Tùy chọn   | Mặc định | Mô tả                                  |
+| ---------- | -------- | -------------------------------------- |
+| `enabled`  | `true`   | Bật/tắt heartbeat                      |
+| `interval` | `30`     | Khoảng thời gian kiểm tra tính bằng phút (tối thiểu: 5) |
+
+**Biến môi trường:**
+
+* `PICOCLAW_HEARTBEAT_ENABLED=false` để tắt
+* `PICOCLAW_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL=60` để thay đổi khoảng thời gian
+
+### Providers
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Groq cung cấp chuyển đổi giọng nói thành văn bản miễn phí qua Whisper. Nếu được cấu hình, tin nhắn âm thanh từ bất kỳ kênh nào sẽ được tự động chuyển đổi ở cấp độ agent.
+
+| Provider     | Mục đích                                | Lấy API Key                                                  |
+| ------------ | --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| `gemini`     | LLM (Gemini trực tiếp)                  | [aistudio.google.com](https://aistudio.google.com)           |
+| `zhipu`      | LLM (Zhipu trực tiếp)                   | [bigmodel.cn](https://bigmodel.cn)                           |
+| `volcengine` | LLM (Volcengine trực tiếp)              | [volcengine.com](https://www.volcengine.com/activity/codingplan?utm_campaign=PicoClaw&utm_content=PicoClaw&utm_medium=devrel&utm_source=OWO&utm_term=PicoClaw) |
+| `openrouter` | LLM (khuyến nghị, truy cập tất cả mô hình) | [openrouter.ai](https://openrouter.ai)                   |
+| `anthropic`  | LLM (Claude trực tiếp)                  | [console.anthropic.com](https://console.anthropic.com)       |
+| `openai`     | LLM (GPT trực tiếp)                     | [platform.openai.com](https://platform.openai.com)           |
+| `deepseek`   | LLM (DeepSeek trực tiếp)                | [platform.deepseek.com](https://platform.deepseek.com)       |
+| `qwen`       | LLM (Qwen trực tiếp)                    | [dashscope.console.aliyun.com](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com) |
+| `groq`       | LLM + **Chuyển đổi giọng nói** (Whisper)| [console.groq.com](https://console.groq.com)                 |
+| `cerebras`   | LLM (Cerebras trực tiếp)                | [cerebras.ai](https://cerebras.ai)                           |
+| `vivgrid`    | LLM (Vivgrid trực tiếp)                 | [vivgrid.com](https://vivgrid.com)                           |
+
+### Cấu Hình Mô Hình (model_list)
+
+> **Tính năng mới:** PicoClaw hiện sử dụng cách tiếp cận **lấy mô hình làm trung tâm**. Chỉ cần chỉ định định dạng `vendor/model` (ví dụ: `zhipu/glm-4.7`) để thêm provider mới — **không cần thay đổi code!**
+
+#### Tất Cả Vendor Được Hỗ Trợ
+
+| Vendor                  | Tiền tố `model` | API Base mặc định                                   | Giao thức | API Key                                                          |
+| ----------------------- | --------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **OpenAI**              | `openai/`       | `https://api.openai.com/v1`                         | OpenAI    | [Lấy](https://platform.openai.com)                               |
+| **Anthropic**           | `anthropic/`    | `https://api.anthropic.com/v1`                      | Anthropic | [Lấy](https://console.anthropic.com)                             |
+| **智谱 AI (GLM)**       | `zhipu/`        | `https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4`              | OpenAI    | [Lấy](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys)     |
+| **DeepSeek**            | `deepseek/`     | `https://api.deepseek.com/v1`                       | OpenAI    | [Lấy](https://platform.deepseek.com)                             |
+| **Google Gemini**       | `gemini/`       | `https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta`  | OpenAI    | [Lấy](https://aistudio.google.com/api-keys)                      |
+| **Groq**                | `groq/`         | `https://api.groq.com/openai/v1`                    | OpenAI    | [Lấy](https://console.groq.com)                                  |
+| **通义千问 (Qwen)**     | `qwen/`         | `https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1` | OpenAI    | [Lấy](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com)                      |
+| **Ollama**              | `ollama/`       | `http://localhost:11434/v1`                         | OpenAI    | Cục bộ (không cần key)                                           |
+| **OpenRouter**          | `openrouter/`   | `https://openrouter.ai/api/v1`                      | OpenAI    | [Lấy](https://openrouter.ai/keys)                                |
+| **VolcEngine (Doubao)** | `volcengine/`   | `https://ark.cn-beijing.volces.com/api/v3`          | OpenAI    | [Lấy](https://www.volcengine.com/activity/codingplan?utm_campaign=PicoClaw&utm_content=PicoClaw&utm_medium=devrel&utm_source=OWO&utm_term=PicoClaw) |
+| **Antigravity**         | `antigravity/`  | Google Cloud                                        | Custom    | Chỉ OAuth                                                        |
+
+#### Cân Bằng Tải
+
+Cấu hình nhiều endpoint cho cùng tên mô hình — PicoClaw sẽ tự động round-robin:
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    { "model_name": "gpt-5.4", "model": "openai/gpt-5.4", "api_base": "https://api1.example.com/v1", "api_key": "sk-key1" },
+    { "model_name": "gpt-5.4", "model": "openai/gpt-5.4", "api_base": "https://api2.example.com/v1", "api_key": "sk-key2" }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+#### Di Chuyển Từ Cấu Hình `providers` Cũ
+
+Cấu hình `providers` cũ đã **bị deprecated** nhưng vẫn được hỗ trợ. Xem [docs/migration/model-list-migration.md](../migration/model-list-migration.md).
+
+### Kiến Trúc Provider
+
+PicoClaw định tuyến provider theo họ giao thức:
+
+- **Tương thích OpenAI**: OpenRouter, Groq, Zhipu, endpoint kiểu vLLM và hầu hết các provider khác.
+- **Anthropic**: Hành vi API Claude gốc.
+- **Codex/OAuth**: Tuyến xác thực OAuth/token OpenAI.
+
+### Tác Vụ Đã Lên Lịch / Nhắc Nhở
+
+PicoClaw hỗ trợ tác vụ theo lịch qua công cụ `cron`.
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "cron": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "exec_timeout_minutes": 5
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Tác vụ đã lên lịch được lưu trữ bền vững sau khi khởi động lại tại `~/.picoclaw/workspace/cron/`.
+
+### Chủ Đề Nâng Cao
+
+| Chủ đề | Mô tả |
+| ------ | ----- |
+| [Hệ Thống Hook](../hooks/README.md) | Hook hướng sự kiện: observer, interceptor, approval hook |
+| [Steering](../steering.md) | Chèn tin nhắn vào vòng lặp agent đang chạy |
+| [SubTurn](../subturn.md) | Điều phối subagent, kiểm soát đồng thời, vòng đời |
+| [Quản Lý Ngữ Cảnh](../agent-refactor/context.md) | Phát hiện ranh giới ngữ cảnh, nén |
diff --git a/docs/vi/tools_configuration.md b/docs/vi/tools_configuration.md
index 76a336186..55e7699eb 100644
--- a/docs/vi/tools_configuration.md
+++ b/docs/vi/tools_configuration.md
@@ -41,14 +41,6 @@ Cài đặt chung để tải và xử lý nội dung trang web.
 | `fetch_limit_bytes`  | int    | 10485760      | Kích thước tối đa của payload trang web cần tải, tính bằng byte (mặc định là 10MB).          |
 | `format`             | string | "plaintext"   | Định dạng đầu ra của nội dung đã tải. Tùy chọn: `plaintext` hoặc `markdown` (khuyến nghị).   |
 
-### Brave
-
-| Cấu hình      | Kiểu   | Mặc định | Mô tả                     |
-|----------------|--------|----------|----------------------------|
-| `enabled`      | bool   | false    | Bật tìm kiếm Brave        |
-| `api_key`      | string | -        | Khóa API Brave Search      |
-| `max_results`  | int    | 5        | Số kết quả tối đa         |
-
 ### DuckDuckGo
 
 | Cấu hình      | Kiểu | Mặc định | Mô tả                        |
@@ -56,13 +48,73 @@ Cài đặt chung để tải và xử lý nội dung trang web.
 | `enabled`      | bool | true     | Bật tìm kiếm DuckDuckGo      |
 | `max_results`  | int  | 5        | Số kết quả tối đa            |
 
+### Baidu Search
+
+| Cấu hình      | Kiểu   | Mặc định                                                        | Mô tả                              |
+|----------------|--------|-----------------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------|
+| `enabled`      | bool   | false                                                           | Bật tìm kiếm Baidu                |
+| `api_key`      | string | -                                                               | Khóa API Qianfan                   |
+| `base_url`     | string | `https://qianfan.baidubce.com/v2/ai_search/web_search`         | URL API Baidu Search               |
+| `max_results`  | int    | 10                                                              | Số kết quả tối đa                 |
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "web": {
+      "baidu_search": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "api_key": "YOUR_BAIDU_QIANFAN_API_KEY",
+        "max_results": 10
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
 ### Perplexity
 
 | Cấu hình      | Kiểu   | Mặc định | Mô tả                        |
 |----------------|--------|----------|-------------------------------|
-| `enabled`      | bool   | false    | Bật tìm kiếm Perplexity      |
-| `api_key`      | string | -        | Khóa API Perplexity           |
-| `max_results`  | int    | 5        | Số kết quả tối đa            |
+| `enabled`      | bool     | false    | Bật tìm kiếm Perplexity                                          |
+| `api_key`      | string   | -        | Khóa API Perplexity                                              |
+| `api_keys`     | string[] | -        | Nhiều khóa API Perplexity để xoay vòng (ưu tiên hơn `api_key`)  |
+| `max_results`  | int      | 5        | Số kết quả tối đa                                                |
+
+### Brave
+
+| Cấu hình      | Kiểu   | Mặc định | Mô tả                     |
+|----------------|--------|----------|----------------------------|
+| `enabled`      | bool     | false    | Bật tìm kiếm Brave                                               |
+| `api_key`      | string   | -        | Khóa API Brave Search                                            |
+| `api_keys`     | string[] | -        | Nhiều khóa API Brave Search để xoay vòng (ưu tiên hơn `api_key`) |
+| `max_results`  | int      | 5        | Số kết quả tối đa                                                |
+
+### Tavily
+
+| Cấu hình      | Kiểu   | Mặc định | Mô tả                              |
+|----------------|--------|----------|------------------------------------|
+| `enabled`      | bool   | false    | Bật tìm kiếm Tavily               |
+| `api_key`      | string | -        | Khóa API Tavily                    |
+| `base_url`     | string | -        | URL cơ sở Tavily tùy chỉnh        |
+| `max_results`  | int    | 0        | Số kết quả tối đa (0 = mặc định)  |
+
+### SearXNG
+
+| Cấu hình      | Kiểu   | Mặc định                 | Mô tả                      |
+|----------------|--------|--------------------------|----------------------------|
+| `enabled`      | bool   | false                    | Bật tìm kiếm SearXNG       |
+| `base_url`     | string | `http://localhost:8888`  | URL phiên bản SearXNG      |
+| `max_results`  | int    | 5                        | Số kết quả tối đa          |
+
+### GLM Search
+
+| Cấu hình        | Kiểu   | Mặc định                                             | Mô tả                      |
+|------------------|--------|------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------|
+| `enabled`        | bool   | false                                                | Bật GLM Search             |
+| `api_key`        | string | -                                                    | Khóa API GLM               |
+| `base_url`       | string | `https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4/web_search`   | URL API GLM Search         |
+| `search_engine`  | string | `search_std`                                         | Loại công cụ tìm kiếm      |
+| `max_results`    | int    | 5                                                    | Số kết quả tối đa          |
 
 ## Công cụ Exec
 
diff --git a/docs/zh/chat-apps.md b/docs/zh/chat-apps.md
index a0206a7d6..47add38ac 100644
--- a/docs/zh/chat-apps.md
+++ b/docs/zh/chat-apps.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 PicoClaw 支持多种聊天平台，使您的 Agent 能够连接到任何地方。
 
-> **注意**: 所有 Webhook 类渠道（LINE、WeCom 等）均挂载在同一个 Gateway HTTP 服务器上（`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`，默认 `127.0.0.1:18790`），无需为每个渠道单独配置端口。注意：飞书（Feishu）使用 WebSocket/SDK 模式，不通过该共享 HTTP webhook 服务器接收消息。
+> **注意**: 依赖 HTTP 回调的渠道共用同一个 Gateway HTTP 服务器（`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`，默认 `127.0.0.1:18790`），无需为每个渠道单独配置端口。飞书、钉钉、企业微信这类 Socket/Stream 模式渠道不依赖共享 webhook 服务器来接收入站消息。
 
 ### 核心渠道
 
@@ -15,20 +15,22 @@ PicoClaw 支持多种聊天平台，使您的 Agent 能够连接到任何地方
 | **Telegram**         | ⭐ 简单     | 推荐，支持语音转文字，长轮询无需公网      | [查看文档](../channels/telegram/README.zh.md)                                                                 |
 | **Discord**          | ⭐ 简单     | Socket Mode，支持群组/私信，Bot 生态成熟  | [查看文档](../channels/discord/README.zh.md)                                                                  |
 | **WhatsApp**         | ⭐ 简单     | 原生 (QR 扫码) 或 Bridge URL              | [查看文档](#whatsapp)                                                                 |
+| **微信 (Weixin)**    | ⭐ 简单     | 原生扫码（腾讯 iLink API）                | [查看文档](#weixin)                                                                   |
 | **Slack**            | ⭐ 简单     | **Socket Mode** (无需公网 IP)，企业级支持 | [查看文档](../channels/slack/README.zh.md)                                                                    |
 | **Matrix**           | ⭐⭐ 中等   | 联邦协议，支持自建 homeserver 与公开服务器 | [查看文档](../channels/matrix/README.zh.md)                                                                  |
 | **QQ**               | ⭐⭐ 中等   | 官方机器人 API，适合国内社群              | [查看文档](../channels/qq/README.zh.md)                                                                       |
 | **钉钉 (DingTalk)**  | ⭐⭐ 中等   | Stream 模式无需公网，企业办公首选         | [查看文档](../channels/dingtalk/README.zh.md)                                                                 |
 | **LINE**             | ⭐⭐⭐ 较难 | 需要 HTTPS Webhook                        | [查看文档](../channels/line/README.zh.md)                                                                     |
-| **企业微信 (WeCom)** | ⭐⭐⭐ 较难 | 支持群机器人(Webhook)、自建应用(API)和智能机器人(AI Bot) | [Bot 文档](../channels/wecom/wecom_bot/README.zh.md) / [App 文档](../channels/wecom/wecom_app/README.zh.md) / [AI Bot 文档](../channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.zh.md) |
+| **企业微信 (WeCom)** | ⭐⭐⭐ 较难 | 官方 AI Bot WebSocket 接入，支持流式回复和媒体消息 | [查看文档](../channels/wecom/README.zh.md) |
 | **飞书 (Feishu)**    | ⭐⭐⭐ 较难 | 企业级协作，功能丰富                      | [查看文档](../channels/feishu/README.zh.md)                                                                   |
-| **IRC**              | ⭐⭐ 中等   | 服务器 + TLS 配置                         | -                                                                                                               |
+| **IRC**              | ⭐⭐ 中等   | 服务器 + TLS 配置                         | [查看文档](#irc) |
 | **OneBot**           | ⭐⭐ 中等   | 兼容 NapCat/Go-CQHTTP，社区生态丰富       | [查看文档](../channels/onebot/README.zh.md)                                                                   |
 | **MaixCam**          | ⭐ 简单     | 专为 AI 摄像头设计的硬件集成通道          | [查看文档](../channels/maixcam/README.zh.md)                                                                  |
 | **Pico**             | ⭐ 简单     | PicoClaw 原生协议通道                     |                                                                                                               |
 
 ---
 
+<a id="telegram"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Telegram</b>（推荐）</summary>
 
@@ -62,13 +64,21 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 **4. Telegram 命令菜单（启动时自动注册）**
 
-PicoClaw 使用统一的命令定义来源。启动时会自动将 Telegram 支持的命令（例如 `/start`、`/help`、`/show`、`/list`）注册到 Bot 命令菜单，确保菜单展示与实际行为一致。
+PicoClaw 使用统一的命令定义来源。启动时会自动将 Telegram 支持的命令（例如 `/start`、`/help`、`/show`、`/list`、`/use`）注册到 Bot 命令菜单，确保菜单展示与实际行为一致。
 Telegram 侧保留的是命令菜单注册能力；通用命令的实际执行统一走 Agent Loop 中的 commands executor。
 
 如果注册因网络或 API 短暂异常失败，不会阻塞 channel 启动；系统会在后台自动重试。
 
+你也可以直接在 Telegram 中管理已安装技能：
+
+- `/list skills`
+- `/use <skill> <message>`
+- `/use <skill>`，然后在下一条消息里发送真正的请求
+- `/use clear`
+
 </details>
 
+<a id="discord"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Discord</b></summary>
 
@@ -143,6 +153,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="whatsapp"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>WhatsApp</b>（原生 whatsmeow）</summary>
 
@@ -170,6 +181,43 @@ PicoClaw 支持两种 WhatsApp 连接方式：
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="weixin"></a>
+<details>
+<summary><b>微信 (Weixin)</b></summary>
+
+PicoClaw 通过腾讯 iLink 官方 API 支持连接微信个人号。
+
+**1. 登录**
+
+运行交互式扫码登录流程：
+```bash
+picoclaw auth weixin
+```
+用微信手机端扫描打印出的二维码。登录成功后，token 会自动保存到配置文件。
+
+**2. 配置**
+
+（可选）在 `allow_from` 中填入你的微信用户 ID，限制可以与机器人对话的用户：
+```json
+{
+  "channels": {
+    "weixin": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
+      "allow_from": ["YOUR_USER_ID"]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**3. 运行**
+```bash
+picoclaw gateway
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<a id="matrix"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Matrix</b></summary>
 
@@ -204,6 +252,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="qq"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>QQ</b></summary>
 
@@ -245,6 +294,7 @@ QQ 开放平台提供了一键创建 OpenClaw 兼容机器人的页面：
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="slack"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>Slack</b></summary>
 
@@ -278,6 +328,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="irc"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>IRC</b></summary>
 
@@ -311,6 +362,7 @@ Bot 将连接到 IRC 服务器并加入指定的频道。
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="dingtalk"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>钉钉 (DingTalk)</b></summary>
 
@@ -345,6 +397,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="line"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>LINE</b></summary>
 
@@ -393,6 +446,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="feishu"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>飞书 (Feishu)</b></summary>
 
@@ -434,105 +488,38 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="wecom"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>企业微信 (WeCom)</b></summary>
 
-PicoClaw 支持三种企业微信集成方式：
+PicoClaw 现在将企业微信统一为一个基于 WebSocket 的 AI Bot 渠道。
+它不再需要公网 webhook 回调地址。
 
-**方式 1: 群机器人 (Bot)** — 设置简单，支持群聊
-**方式 2: 自建应用 (App)** — 功能更多，支持主动推送，仅私聊
-**方式 3: 智能机器人 (AI Bot)** — 官方 AI Bot，流式回复，支持群聊和私聊
+完整配置说明和迁移说明请参考 [企业微信配置指南](../channels/wecom/README.zh.md)。
 
-详细设置请参考 [企业微信 AI Bot 配置指南](../channels/wecom/wecom_aibot/README.zh.md)。
+**推荐快速接入**
 
-**快速设置 — 群机器人：**
+**1. 认证**
 
-**1. 创建 Bot**
+```bash
+picoclaw auth wecom
+```
 
-* 企业微信管理后台 → 群聊 → 添加群机器人
-* 复制 Webhook URL（格式：`https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=xxx`）
+该命令会显示二维码，等待你在企业微信里确认，然后把 `bot_id` 和 `secret` 写入 `channels.wecom`。
 
-**2. 配置**
+**2. 如需手动配置**
 
 ```json
 {
   "channels": {
     "wecom": {
       "enabled": true,
-      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
-      "encoding_aes_key": "YOUR_ENCODING_AES_KEY",
-      "webhook_url": "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=YOUR_KEY",
-      "webhook_path": "/webhook/wecom",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-> WeCom Webhook 挂载在共享 Gateway 服务器上（`gateway.host`:`gateway.port`，默认 `127.0.0.1:18790`）。
-
-**快速设置 — 自建应用：**
-
-**1. 创建应用**
-
-* 企业微信管理后台 → 应用管理 → 创建应用
-* 复制 **AgentId** 和 **Secret**
-* 前往"我的企业"页面，复制 **CorpID**
-
-**2. 配置接收消息**
-
-* 在应用详情中，点击"接收消息" → "设置 API"
-* 设置 URL 为 `http://your-server:18790/webhook/wecom-app`
-* 生成 **Token** 和 **EncodingAESKey**
-
-**3. 配置**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "wecom_app": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "corp_id": "wwxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
-      "corp_secret": "YOUR_CORP_SECRET",
-      "agent_id": 1000002,
-      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
-      "encoding_aes_key": "YOUR_ENCODING_AES_KEY",
-      "webhook_path": "/webhook/wecom-app",
-      "allow_from": []
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**4. 运行**
-
-```bash
-picoclaw gateway
-```
-
-> **注意**: WeCom Webhook 回调挂载在 Gateway 端口（默认 18790）。使用反向代理配置 HTTPS。
-
-**快速设置 — 智能机器人 (AI Bot)：**
-
-**1. 创建 AI Bot**
-
-* 企业微信管理后台 → 应用管理 → AI Bot
-* 在 AI Bot 设置中配置回调 URL：`http://your-server:18790/webhook/wecom-aibot`
-* 复制 **Token** 并点击"随机生成" **EncodingAESKey**
-
-**2. 配置**
-
-```json
-{
-  "channels": {
-    "wecom_aibot": {
-      "enabled": true,
-      "token": "YOUR_TOKEN",
-      "encoding_aes_key": "YOUR_43_CHAR_ENCODING_AES_KEY",
-      "webhook_path": "/webhook/wecom-aibot",
+      "bot_id": "YOUR_BOT_ID",
+      "secret": "YOUR_SECRET",
+      "websocket_url": "wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com",
+      "send_thinking_message": true,
       "allow_from": [],
-      "welcome_message": "你好！有什么可以帮你的？",
-      "processing_message": "⏳ Processing, please wait. The results will be sent shortly."
+      "reasoning_channel_id": ""
     }
   }
 }
@@ -544,10 +531,11 @@ picoclaw gateway
 picoclaw gateway
 ```
 
-> **注意**: 企业微信 AI Bot 使用流式拉取协议，无回复超时问题。长任务（>30 秒）会自动切换到 `response_url` 推送投递。
+> 这个分支中旧的 `wecom_app` 和 `wecom_aibot` 配置已经被统一的 `channels.wecom` 替代。
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="onebot"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>OneBot（通过 OneBot 协议连接 QQ）</b></summary>
 
@@ -586,6 +574,7 @@ picoclaw gateway
 
 </details>
 
+<a id="maixcam"></a>
 <details>
 <summary><b>MaixCam</b></summary>
 
diff --git a/docs/zh/configuration.md b/docs/zh/configuration.md
index 68fb1fd1a..335566d36 100644
--- a/docs/zh/configuration.md
+++ b/docs/zh/configuration.md
@@ -65,6 +65,24 @@ PicoClaw 将数据存储在您配置的工作区中（默认：`~/.picoclaw/work
 export PICOCLAW_BUILTIN_SKILLS=/path/to/skills
 ```
 
+### 在聊天频道中使用技能
+
+技能安装完成后，可以直接在聊天频道里查看并显式启用它们：
+
+- `/list skills`：显示当前 Agent 可用的已安装技能名称。
+- `/use <skill> <message>`：只对当前这一条请求强制使用指定技能。
+- `/use <skill>`：为同一会话中的下一条消息预先启用该技能。
+- `/use clear`：取消通过 `/use <skill>` 设置的待应用技能。
+
+示例：
+
+```text
+/list skills
+/use git explain how to squash the last 3 commits
+/use italiapersonalfinance
+dammi le ultime news
+```
+
 ### 统一命令执行策略
 
 - 通用斜杠命令通过 `pkg/agent/loop.go` 中的 `commands.Executor` 统一执行。
@@ -256,3 +274,357 @@ Agent 将每隔 30 分钟（可配置）读取此文件，并使用可用工具
 
 - `PICOCLAW_HEARTBEAT_ENABLED=false` 禁用
 - `PICOCLAW_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL=60` 更改间隔
+
+#### 子 Agent 通信流程
+
+```
+心跳触发
+    ↓
+Agent 读取 HEARTBEAT.md
+    ↓
+遇到耗时任务：spawn 子 Agent
+    ↓                           ↓
+继续处理下一个任务         子 Agent 独立运行
+    ↓                           ↓
+所有任务完成               子 Agent 使用 "message" 工具
+    ↓                           ↓
+回复 HEARTBEAT_OK          用户直接收到结果
+```
+
+子 Agent 拥有工具访问权限（message、web_search 等），可以独立与用户通信，无需经过主 Agent。
+
+### Providers（模型提供商）
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Groq 通过 Whisper 提供免费语音转录。配置后，任意渠道的语音消息都会在 Agent 层自动转录为文字。
+
+| 提供商       | 用途                                    | 获取 API Key                                                 |
+| ------------ | --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| `gemini`     | LLM（Gemini 直连）                      | [aistudio.google.com](https://aistudio.google.com)           |
+| `zhipu`      | LLM（智谱直连）                         | [bigmodel.cn](https://bigmodel.cn)                           |
+| `volcengine` | LLM（火山引擎直连）                     | [volcengine.com](https://www.volcengine.com/activity/codingplan?utm_campaign=PicoClaw&utm_content=PicoClaw&utm_medium=devrel&utm_source=OWO&utm_term=PicoClaw) |
+| `openrouter` | LLM（推荐，可访问所有模型）             | [openrouter.ai](https://openrouter.ai)                       |
+| `anthropic`  | LLM（Claude 直连）                      | [console.anthropic.com](https://console.anthropic.com)       |
+| `openai`     | LLM（GPT 直连）                         | [platform.openai.com](https://platform.openai.com)           |
+| `deepseek`   | LLM（DeepSeek 直连）                    | [platform.deepseek.com](https://platform.deepseek.com)       |
+| `qwen`       | LLM（通义千问直连）                     | [dashscope.console.aliyun.com](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com) |
+| `groq`       | LLM + **语音转录**（Whisper）           | [console.groq.com](https://console.groq.com)                 |
+| `cerebras`   | LLM（Cerebras 直连）                    | [cerebras.ai](https://cerebras.ai)                           |
+| `vivgrid`    | LLM（Vivgrid 直连）                     | [vivgrid.com](https://vivgrid.com)                           |
+
+### 模型配置 (model_list)
+
+> **新特性：** PicoClaw 现在采用**以模型为中心**的配置方式。只需指定 `vendor/model` 格式（例如 `zhipu/glm-4.7`）即可接入新提供商——**无需修改任何代码！**
+
+这一设计同时支持**多 Agent**场景，灵活选择提供商：
+
+- **不同 Agent 使用不同提供商**：每个 Agent 可以使用独立的 LLM 提供商
+- **模型降级**：配置主模型和备用模型，提升可用性
+- **负载均衡**：将请求分发到多个端点
+- **集中管理**：在一处管理所有提供商配置
+
+#### 所有支持的厂商
+
+| 厂商                    | `model` 前缀      | 默认 API Base                                       | 协议      | API Key                                                          |
+| ----------------------- | ----------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **OpenAI**              | `openai/`         | `https://api.openai.com/v1`                         | OpenAI    | [获取](https://platform.openai.com)                              |
+| **Anthropic**           | `anthropic/`      | `https://api.anthropic.com/v1`                      | Anthropic | [获取](https://console.anthropic.com)                            |
+| **智谱 AI (GLM)**       | `zhipu/`          | `https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4`              | OpenAI    | [获取](https://open.bigmodel.cn/usercenter/proj-mgmt/apikeys)    |
+| **DeepSeek**            | `deepseek/`       | `https://api.deepseek.com/v1`                       | OpenAI    | [获取](https://platform.deepseek.com)                            |
+| **Google Gemini**       | `gemini/`         | `https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta`  | OpenAI    | [获取](https://aistudio.google.com/api-keys)                     |
+| **Groq**                | `groq/`           | `https://api.groq.com/openai/v1`                    | OpenAI    | [获取](https://console.groq.com)                                 |
+| **Moonshot**            | `moonshot/`       | `https://api.moonshot.cn/v1`                        | OpenAI    | [获取](https://platform.moonshot.cn)                             |
+| **通义千问 (Qwen)**     | `qwen/`           | `https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1` | OpenAI    | [获取](https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com)                     |
+| **NVIDIA**              | `nvidia/`         | `https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1`               | OpenAI    | [获取](https://build.nvidia.com)                                 |
+| **Ollama**              | `ollama/`         | `http://localhost:11434/v1`                         | OpenAI    | 本地（无需 Key）                                                 |
+| **OpenRouter**          | `openrouter/`     | `https://openrouter.ai/api/v1`                      | OpenAI    | [获取](https://openrouter.ai/keys)                               |
+| **LiteLLM Proxy**       | `litellm/`        | `http://localhost:4000/v1`                          | OpenAI    | 你的 LiteLLM 代理 Key                                            |
+| **VLLM**                | `vllm/`           | `http://localhost:8000/v1`                          | OpenAI    | 本地                                                             |
+| **Cerebras**            | `cerebras/`       | `https://api.cerebras.ai/v1`                        | OpenAI    | [获取](https://cerebras.ai)                                      |
+| **火山引擎 (豆包)**     | `volcengine/`     | `https://ark.cn-beijing.volces.com/api/v3`          | OpenAI    | [获取](https://www.volcengine.com/activity/codingplan?utm_campaign=PicoClaw&utm_content=PicoClaw&utm_medium=devrel&utm_source=OWO&utm_term=PicoClaw) |
+| **神算云**              | `shengsuanyun/`   | `https://router.shengsuanyun.com/api/v1`            | OpenAI    | —                                                                |
+| **BytePlus**            | `byteplus/`       | `https://ark.ap-southeast.bytepluses.com/api/v3`    | OpenAI    | [获取](https://www.byteplus.com)                                 |
+| **Vivgrid**             | `vivgrid/`        | `https://api.vivgrid.com/v1`                        | OpenAI    | [获取](https://vivgrid.com)                                      |
+| **LongCat**             | `longcat/`        | `https://api.longcat.chat/openai`                   | OpenAI    | [获取](https://longcat.chat/platform)                            |
+| **ModelScope (魔搭)**   | `modelscope/`     | `https://api-inference.modelscope.cn/v1`            | OpenAI    | [获取](https://modelscope.cn/my/tokens)                          |
+| **Antigravity**         | `antigravity/`    | Google Cloud                                        | Custom    | 仅 OAuth                                                         |
+| **GitHub Copilot**      | `github-copilot/` | `localhost:4321`                                    | gRPC      | —                                                                |
+
+#### 基础配置
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "ark-code-latest",
+      "model": "volcengine/ark-code-latest",
+      "api_key": "sk-your-api-key"
+    },
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_key": "sk-your-openai-key"
+    },
+    {
+      "model_name": "claude-sonnet-4.6",
+      "model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
+      "api_key": "sk-ant-your-key"
+    },
+    {
+      "model_name": "glm-4.7",
+      "model": "zhipu/glm-4.7",
+      "api_key": "your-zhipu-key"
+    }
+  ],
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "model": "gpt-5.4"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### 各厂商配置示例
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>OpenAI</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+  "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+  "api_key": "sk-..."
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>火山引擎（豆包）</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "ark-code-latest",
+  "model": "volcengine/ark-code-latest",
+  "api_key": "sk-..."
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>智谱 AI (GLM)</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "glm-4.7",
+  "model": "zhipu/glm-4.7",
+  "api_key": "your-key"
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>DeepSeek</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "deepseek-chat",
+  "model": "deepseek/deepseek-chat",
+  "api_key": "sk-..."
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Anthropic</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "claude-sonnet-4.6",
+  "model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
+  "api_key": "sk-ant-your-key"
+}
+```
+
+> 运行 `picoclaw auth login --provider anthropic` 粘贴 API Token。
+
+如需直连 Anthropic 原生接口（不兼容 OpenAI 格式的端点）：
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "claude-opus-4-6",
+  "model": "anthropic-messages/claude-opus-4-6",
+  "api_key": "sk-ant-your-key",
+  "api_base": "https://api.anthropic.com"
+}
+```
+
+> 当端点不支持 OpenAI 兼容格式（`/v1/chat/completions`），需要 Anthropic 原生 `/v1/messages` 时使用 `anthropic-messages`。
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>Ollama（本地）</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "llama3",
+  "model": "ollama/llama3"
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>自定义代理 / LiteLLM</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_name": "my-custom-model",
+  "model": "openai/custom-model",
+  "api_base": "https://my-proxy.com/v1",
+  "api_key": "sk-..."
+}
+```
+
+PicoClaw 只剥离最外层的 `litellm/` 前缀再发送请求，因此 `litellm/lite-gpt4` 发送 `lite-gpt4`，而 `litellm/openai/gpt-4o` 发送 `openai/gpt-4o`。
+
+</details>
+
+#### 负载均衡
+
+为同一模型名称配置多个端点，PicoClaw 会自动轮询：
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_base": "https://api1.example.com/v1",
+      "api_key": "sk-key1"
+    },
+    {
+      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+      "api_base": "https://api2.example.com/v1",
+      "api_key": "sk-key2"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+#### 从旧版 `providers` 配置迁移
+
+旧版 `providers` 配置**已废弃**，但仍向后兼容。完整迁移指南见 [docs/migration/model-list-migration.md](../migration/model-list-migration.md)。
+
+### Provider 架构
+
+PicoClaw 按协议族路由提供商：
+
+- **OpenAI 兼容**：OpenRouter、Groq、智谱、vLLM 风格端点及大多数其他提供商。
+- **Anthropic**：Claude 原生 API 行为。
+- **Codex/OAuth**：OpenAI OAuth/Token 认证路由。
+
+这使运行时保持轻量，同时让接入新的 OpenAI 兼容后端基本只需配置 `api_base` + `api_key`。
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>智谱（旧版 providers 格式）</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "workspace": "~/.picoclaw/workspace",
+      "model": "glm-4.7",
+      "max_tokens": 8192,
+      "temperature": 0.7,
+      "max_tool_iterations": 20
+    }
+  },
+  "providers": {
+    "zhipu": {
+      "api_key": "Your API Key",
+      "api_base": "https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><b>完整配置示例</b></summary>
+
+```json
+{
+  "agents": {
+    "defaults": {
+      "model": "anthropic/claude-opus-4-5"
+    }
+  },
+  "session": {
+    "dm_scope": "per-channel-peer",
+    "backlog_limit": 20
+  },
+  "providers": {
+    "openrouter": {
+      "api_key": "sk-or-v1-xxx"
+    },
+    "groq": {
+      "api_key": "gsk_xxx"
+    }
+  },
+  "channels": {
+    "telegram": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "token": "123456:ABC...",
+      "allow_from": ["123456789"]
+    }
+  },
+  "tools": {
+    "web": {
+      "duckduckgo": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "max_results": 5
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "heartbeat": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "interval": 30
+  }
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+### 定时任务 / 提醒
+
+PicoClaw 通过 `cron` 工具支持 cron 风格的定时任务。Agent 可以设置、列出和取消在指定时间触发的提醒或周期性任务。
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "cron": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "exec_timeout_minutes": 5
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+定时任务在重启后持久保存，存储于 `~/.picoclaw/workspace/cron/`。
+
+### 进阶主题
+
+| 主题 | 说明 |
+| ---- | ---- |
+| [敏感数据过滤](../sensitive_data_filtering.md) | 在发送给 LLM 前，从工具结果中过滤 API 密钥和令牌 |
+| [Hook 系统](../hooks/README.zh.md) | 事件驱动 Hook：观察者、拦截器、审批 Hook |
+| [Steering](../steering.md) | 在工具调用间向运行中的 Agent 注入消息 |
+| [SubTurn](../subturn.md) | 子 Agent 协调、并发控制、生命周期管理 |
+| [上下文管理](../agent-refactor/context.md) | 上下文边界检测、主动预算检查、压缩策略 |
diff --git a/docs/zh/providers.md b/docs/zh/providers.md
index 9092e7dfe..057e7d3d5 100644
--- a/docs/zh/providers.md
+++ b/docs/zh/providers.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 ### 提供商 (Providers)
 
 > [!NOTE]
-> Groq 通过 Whisper 提供免费的语音转录。如果配置了 Groq，任意渠道的音频消息都将在 Agent 层面自动转录为文字。
+> 语音转录现在可以通过 `voice.model_name` 指定的多模态模型完成；如果未配置语音模型，Groq Whisper 仍可作为回退方案。
 
 | 提供商               | 用途                         | 获取 API Key                                                         |
 | -------------------- | ---------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 | `mistral`            | LLM (Mistral 直连)           | [console.mistral.ai](https://console.mistral.ai)                    |
 | `longcat`            | LLM (Longcat 直连)           | [longcat.ai](https://longcat.ai)                                     |
 | `modelscope`         | LLM (ModelScope 直连)        | [modelscope.cn](https://modelscope.cn)                               |
+| `mimo`               | LLM (小米 MiMo 直连)         | [platform.xiaomimimo.com](https://platform.xiaomimimo.com)           |
 
 ### 模型配置 (model_list)
 
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@
 | **Vivgrid**         | `vivgrid/`        | `https://api.vivgrid.com/v1`                        | OpenAI    | [获取密钥](https://vivgrid.com)                                   |
 | **LongCat**         | `longcat/`        | `https://api.longcat.chat/openai`                   | OpenAI    | [获取密钥](https://longcat.chat/platform)                         |
 | **ModelScope (魔搭)**| `modelscope/`    | `https://api-inference.modelscope.cn/v1`            | OpenAI    | [获取 Token](https://modelscope.cn/my/tokens)                    |
+| **小米 MiMo**       | `mimo/`           | `https://api.xiaomimimo.com/v1`                     | OpenAI    | [获取密钥](https://platform.xiaomimimo.com)                      |
 | **Antigravity**     | `antigravity/`    | Google Cloud                                        | 自定义    | 仅 OAuth                                                          |
 | **GitHub Copilot**  | `github-copilot/` | `localhost:4321`                                    | gRPC      | -                                                                 |
 
@@ -99,6 +101,33 @@
 }
 ```
 
+#### 语音转录
+
+你可以通过 `voice.model_name` 为语音转录指定一个专用模型。这样可以直接复用已经配置好的、支持音频输入的多模态 provider，而不必只依赖 Groq。
+
+如果没有配置 `voice.model_name`，且存在 Groq API Key，PicoClaw 会继续回退到 Groq 转录。
+
+```json
+{
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "voice-gemini",
+      "model": "gemini/gemini-2.5-flash",
+      "api_key": "your-gemini-key"
+    }
+  ],
+  "voice": {
+    "model_name": "voice-gemini",
+    "echo_transcription": false
+  },
+  "providers": {
+    "groq": {
+      "api_key": "gsk_xxx"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
 #### 各厂商配置示例
 
 **OpenAI**
@@ -342,6 +371,10 @@ picoclaw agent -m "你好"
       "api_key": "gsk_xxx"
     }
   },
+  "voice": {
+    "model_name": "voice-gemini",
+    "echo_transcription": false
+  },
   "channels": {
     "telegram": {
       "enabled": true,
diff --git a/docs/zh/sensitive_data_filtering.md b/docs/zh/sensitive_data_filtering.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4382706ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/zh/sensitive_data_filtering.md
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# 敏感数据过滤
+
+PicoClaw 可以从工具调用结果中过滤敏感值（API 密钥、令牌、密码等），然后再发送给 LLM。这可以防止 LLM 看到自己的凭据，避免通过工具输出泄露或产生混淆行为。
+
+---
+
+## 概述
+
+当 LLM 使用的工具返回其自身的凭据时（例如，一个回显正在使用的 API 密钥的工具），这些值会自动替换为 `[FILTERED]` 再发送给 LLM。
+
+敏感值从 `.security.yml` 中收集 —— 这是所有敏感配置的集中存储，包括：
+
+- 模型 API 密钥
+- 频道令牌（Telegram、Discord、Slack、Matrix 等）
+- Web 工具 API 密钥（Brave、Tavily、Perplexity 等）
+- 技能令牌（GitHub、ClawHub）
+
+---
+
+## 配置
+
+敏感数据过滤在 `config.json` 的 `tools` 部分配置：
+
+| 配置 | 类型 | 默认值 | 说明 |
+|------|------|--------|------|
+| `filter_sensitive_data` | bool | `true` | 启用/禁用过滤。为 `false` 时，不进行任何过滤。 |
+| `filter_min_length` | int | `8` | 触发过滤的最小内容长度。短内容会被跳过以提高性能。 |
+
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "filter_sensitive_data": true,
+    "filter_min_length": 8
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 环境变量
+
+| 变量 | 说明 |
+|------|------|
+| `PICOCLAW_TOOLS_FILTER_SENSITIVE_DATA` | 设置为 `true` 或 `false` 以覆盖配置值 |
+
+---
+
+## 工作原理
+
+1. **启动时**：使用反射从 `.security.yml` 中收集所有敏感值，并编译成 `strings.Replacer`（O(n+m) 性能，仅计算一次）。
+
+2. **每个工具结果**：在将任何工具结果发送给 LLM 之前：
+   - 如果 `filter_sensitive_data` 为 `false`，内容原样传递
+   - 如果内容长度 < `filter_min_length`，内容原样传递（快速路径）
+   - 否则，所有敏感值都会被替换为 `[FILTERED]`
+
+3. **替换**：使用 `strings.Replacer` 进行高效的 O(n+m) 字符串替换，其中 n = 内容长度，m = 敏感值总长度。
+
+---
+
+## 示例
+
+给定以下 `.security.yml`：
+
+```yaml
+model_list:
+  my-model:
+    api_keys:
+      - sk-secret-key-12345
+
+channels:
+  telegram:
+    token: "123456:ABC-DEF"
+```
+
+以及包含以下内容的工具结果：
+
+```
+The model is using API key sk-secret-key-12345 and Telegram bot 123456:ABC-DEF
+```
+
+LLM 将收到：
+
+```
+The model is using API key [FILTERED] and Telegram bot [FILTERED]
+```
+
+---
+
+## 性能
+
+- **快速路径**：短于 `filter_min_length`（默认 8）的内容会直接返回，不进行任何字符串扫描
+- **高效替换**：使用 `strings.Replacer`，复杂度为 O(n+m)，而非正则表达式
+- **延迟初始化**：替换映射通过 `sync.Once` 在首次访问时构建一次
+
+---
+
+## 安全注意事项
+
+- **凭据泄露防护**：如果没有过滤，返回凭据的工具可能导致 LLM 看到自己的 API 密钥，可能导致日志中泄露凭据或产生混淆
+- **纵深防御**：过滤是对凭据加密的补充（而非替代）—— 应同时使用这两个功能
+- **无误报**：只有明确存储在 `.security.yml` 中的值才会被过滤；LLM 的通用知识不受影响
+
+---
+
+## 相关文档
+
+- [凭据加密](../credential_encryption.md) — 配置中 API 密钥的加密
+- [工具配置](../tools_configuration.md)
diff --git a/docs/zh/tools_configuration.md b/docs/zh/tools_configuration.md
index f13448952..63ac5000b 100644
--- a/docs/zh/tools_configuration.md
+++ b/docs/zh/tools_configuration.md
@@ -28,6 +28,17 @@ PicoClaw 的工具配置位于 `config.json` 的 `tools` 字段中。
 }
 ```
 
+## 敏感数据过滤
+
+在将工具结果发送给 LLM 之前，PicoClaw 可以从输出中过滤敏感值（API 密钥、令牌、密码）。这可以防止 LLM 看到自己的凭据。
+
+详细说明请参阅[敏感数据过滤](../sensitive_data_filtering.md)。
+
+| 配置项 | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述 |
+|--------|------|--------|------|
+| `filter_sensitive_data` | bool | `true` | 启用/禁用过滤 |
+| `filter_min_length` | int | `8` | 触发过滤的最小内容长度 |
+
 ## Web 工具
 
 Web 工具用于网页搜索和抓取。
@@ -41,30 +52,30 @@ Web 工具用于网页搜索和抓取。
 | `fetch_limit_bytes` | int    | 10485760      | 抓取网页负载的最大大小，单位为字节（默认 10MB）。                                      |
 | `format`            | string | "plaintext"   | 抓取内容的输出格式。选项：`plaintext` 或 `markdown`（推荐）。                          |
 
-### Brave
+### 百度搜索
 
-| 配置项        | 类型     | 默认值 | 描述                                           |
-|---------------|----------|--------|------------------------------------------------|
-| `enabled`     | bool     | false  | 启用 Brave 搜索                                |
-| `api_key`     | string   | -      | Brave Search API 密钥                          |
-| `api_keys`    | string[] | -      | 多个 API 密钥轮换（优先于 `api_key`）          |
-| `max_results` | int      | 5      | 最大结果数                                     |
+使用[千帆 AI 搜索 API](https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan-api/s/Wmbq4z7e5)，国内访问稳定，中文搜索效果好。
 
-### DuckDuckGo
+| 配置项        | 类型   | 默认值                                                          | 描述                  |
+|---------------|--------|----------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool   | false                                                          | 启用百度搜索          |
+| `api_key`     | string | -                                                              | 千帆 API 密钥         |
+| `base_url`    | string | `https://qianfan.baidubce.com/v2/ai_search/web_search`        | 百度搜索 API URL      |
+| `max_results` | int    | 10                                                             | 最大结果数            |
 
-| 配置项        | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述                  |
-|---------------|------|--------|-----------------------|
-| `enabled`     | bool | true   | 启用 DuckDuckGo 搜索  |
-| `max_results` | int  | 5      | 最大结果数            |
-
-### Perplexity
-
-| 配置项        | 类型     | 默认值 | 描述                                           |
-|---------------|----------|--------|------------------------------------------------|
-| `enabled`     | bool     | false  | 启用 Perplexity 搜索                           |
-| `api_key`     | string   | -      | Perplexity API 密钥                            |
-| `api_keys`    | string[] | -      | 多个 API 密钥轮换（优先于 `api_key`）          |
-| `max_results` | int      | 5      | 最大结果数                                     |
+```json
+{
+  "tools": {
+    "web": {
+      "baidu_search": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "api_key": "YOUR_BAIDU_QIANFAN_API_KEY",
+        "max_results": 10
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
 
 ### Tavily
 
@@ -75,14 +86,6 @@ Web 工具用于网页搜索和抓取。
 | `base_url`    | string | -      | 自定义 Tavily API 基础 URL        |
 | `max_results` | int    | 0      | 最大结果数（0 = 默认）            |
 
-### SearXNG
-
-| 配置项        | 类型   | 默认值                   | 描述                  |
-|---------------|--------|--------------------------|-----------------------|
-| `enabled`     | bool   | false                    | 启用 SearXNG 搜索     |
-| `base_url`    | string | `http://localhost:8888`  | SearXNG 实例 URL      |
-| `max_results` | int    | 5                        | 最大结果数            |
-
 ### GLM Search
 
 | 配置项          | 类型   | 默认值                                               | 描述                  |
@@ -93,6 +96,45 @@ Web 工具用于网页搜索和抓取。
 | `search_engine` | string | `search_std`                                         | 搜索引擎类型          |
 | `max_results`   | int    | 5                                                    | 最大结果数            |
 
+### DuckDuckGo
+
+> ⚠️ 国内访问困难，建议搭配代理使用。
+
+| 配置项        | 类型 | 默认值 | 描述                  |
+|---------------|------|--------|-----------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool | true   | 启用 DuckDuckGo 搜索  |
+| `max_results` | int  | 5      | 最大结果数            |
+
+### Perplexity
+
+> ⚠️ 国内访问困难，建议搭配代理使用。
+
+| 配置项        | 类型     | 默认值 | 描述                                           |
+|---------------|----------|--------|------------------------------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool     | false  | 启用 Perplexity 搜索                           |
+| `api_key`     | string   | -      | Perplexity API 密钥                            |
+| `api_keys`    | string[] | -      | 多个 API 密钥轮换（优先于 `api_key`）          |
+| `max_results` | int      | 5      | 最大结果数                                     |
+
+### Brave
+
+> ⚠️ 国内访问困难，建议搭配代理使用。
+
+| 配置项        | 类型     | 默认值 | 描述                                           |
+|---------------|----------|--------|------------------------------------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool     | false  | 启用 Brave 搜索                                |
+| `api_key`     | string   | -      | Brave Search API 密钥                          |
+| `api_keys`    | string[] | -      | 多个 API 密钥轮换（优先于 `api_key`）          |
+| `max_results` | int      | 5      | 最大结果数                                     |
+
+### SearXNG
+
+| 配置项        | 类型   | 默认值                   | 描述                  |
+|---------------|--------|--------------------------|-----------------------|
+| `enabled`     | bool   | false                    | 启用 SearXNG 搜索     |
+| `base_url`    | string | `http://localhost:8888`  | SearXNG 实例 URL      |
+| `max_results` | int    | 5                        | 最大结果数            |
+
 ### 其他 Web 设置
 
 | 配置项                   | 类型     | 默认值 | 描述                                           |
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index cfc930d37..54c275102 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@ module github.com/sipeed/picoclaw
 go 1.25.8
 
 require (
-	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0
 	fyne.io/systray v1.12.0
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0
 	github.com/adhocore/gronx v1.19.6
 	github.com/anthropics/anthropic-sdk-go v1.26.0
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.4
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.12
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/bedrockruntime v1.50.2
 	github.com/bwmarrin/discordgo v0.29.0
 	github.com/caarlos0/env/v11 v11.4.0
+	github.com/creack/pty v1.1.24
 	github.com/ergochat/irc-go v0.6.0
 	github.com/ergochat/readline v0.1.3
 	github.com/gdamore/tcell/v2 v2.13.8
@@ -28,6 +32,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
 	github.com/tencent-connect/botgo v0.2.1
+	go.mau.fi/util v0.9.7
 	go.mau.fi/whatsmeow v0.0.0-20260219150138-7ae702b1eed4
 	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0
 	golang.org/x/term v0.41.0
@@ -36,10 +41,24 @@ require (
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 	maunium.net/go/mautrix v0.26.4
 	modernc.org/sqlite v1.46.1
+	rsc.io/qr v0.2.0
 )
 
 require (
 	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.7 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.12 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.20 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.20 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.20 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini v1.8.6 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.7 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.20 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.0.8 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.30.13 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.35.17 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.9 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.2 // indirect
 	github.com/beeper/argo-go v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.14 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
@@ -51,6 +70,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.34 // indirect
 	github.com/ncruces/go-strftime v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/petermattis/goid v0.0.0-20260226131333-17d1149c6ac6 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
@@ -61,13 +81,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10 // indirect
 	github.com/vektah/gqlparser/v2 v2.5.27 // indirect
 	go.mau.fi/libsignal v0.2.1 // indirect
-	go.mau.fi/util v0.9.7 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20260312153236-7ab1446f8b90 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.35.0 // indirect
 	modernc.org/libc v1.67.6 // indirect
 	modernc.org/mathutil v1.7.1 // indirect
 	modernc.org/memory v1.11.0 // indirect
-	rsc.io/qr v0.2.0 // indirect
 )
 
 require (
@@ -96,5 +114,5 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0
 	golang.org/x/net v0.52.0
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0
 )
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index f24b997d4..ae12473f3 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -17,6 +17,38 @@ github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.2.0 h1:ukwgCxwYrmACq68yiUqwIWnGY0cTPox/M94sVwTo
 github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.2.0/go.mod h1:rzTDkvFWvIrjDXZHkuS16NPggd91W3kUSvPlQ1pLaKY=
 github.com/anthropics/anthropic-sdk-go v1.26.0 h1:oUTzFaUpAevfuELAP1sjL6CQJ9HHAfT7CoSYSac11PY=
 github.com/anthropics/anthropic-sdk-go v1.26.0/go.mod h1:qUKmaW+uuPB64iy1l+4kOSvaLqPXnHTTBKH6RVZ7q5Q=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.4 h1:10f50G7WyU02T56ox1wWXq+zTX9I1zxG46HYuG1hH/k=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.4/go.mod h1:mwsPRE8ceUUpiTgF7QmQIJ7lgsKUPQOUl3o72QBrE1o=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.7 h1:3kGOqnh1pPeddVa/E37XNTaWJ8W6vrbYV9lJEkCnhuY=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.7/go.mod h1:lyw7GFp3qENLh7kwzf7iMzAxDn+NzjXEAGjKS2UOKqI=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.12 h1:O3csC7HUGn2895eNrLytOJQdoL2xyJy0iYXhoZ1OmP0=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.32.12/go.mod h1:96zTvoOFR4FURjI+/5wY1vc1ABceROO4lWgWJuxgy0g=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.12 h1:oqtA6v+y5fZg//tcTWahyN9PEn5eDU/Wpvc2+kJ4aY8=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.12/go.mod h1:U3R1RtSHx6NB0DvEQFGyf/0sbrpJrluENHdPy1j/3TE=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.20 h1:zOgq3uezl5nznfoK3ODuqbhVg1JzAGDUhXOsU0IDCAo=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.20/go.mod h1:z/MVwUARehy6GAg/yQ1GO2IMl0k++cu1ohP9zo887wE=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.20 h1:CNXO7mvgThFGqOFgbNAP2nol2qAWBOGfqR/7tQlvLmc=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.20/go.mod h1:oydPDJKcfMhgfcgBUZaG+toBbwy8yPWubJXBVERtI4o=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.20 h1:tN6W/hg+pkM+tf9XDkWUbDEjGLb+raoBMFsTodcoYKw=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.20/go.mod h1:YJ898MhD067hSHA6xYCx5ts/jEd8BSOLtQDL3iZsvbc=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini v1.8.6 h1:qYQ4pzQ2Oz6WpQ8T3HvGHnZydA72MnLuFK9tJwmrbHw=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/ini v1.8.6/go.mod h1:O3h0IK87yXci+kg6flUKzJnWeziQUKciKrLjcatSNcY=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/bedrockruntime v1.50.2 h1:x0eGAWpd1B5I/vMtrB4Q4Zuc3CXWI8wjHfPPqBSrKmM=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/bedrockruntime v1.50.2/go.mod h1:V9oTWSDC2MtS1DR71hbNET/bZ8psQp022amEBe1grJc=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.7 h1:5EniKhLZe4xzL7a+fU3C2tfUN4nWIqlLesfrjkuPFTY=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/accept-encoding v1.13.7/go.mod h1:x0nZssQ3qZSnIcePWLvcoFisRXJzcTVvYpAAdYX8+GI=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.20 h1:2HvVAIq+YqgGotK6EkMf+KIEqTISmTYh5zLpYyeTo1Y=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/internal/presigned-url v1.13.20/go.mod h1:V4X406Y666khGa8ghKmphma/7C0DAtEQYhkq9z4vpbk=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.0.8 h1:0GFOLzEbOyZABS3PhYfBIx2rNBACYcKty+XGkTgw1ow=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/signin v1.0.8/go.mod h1:LXypKvk85AROkKhOG6/YEcHFPoX+prKTowKnVdcaIxE=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.30.13 h1:kiIDLZ005EcKomYYITtfsjn7dtOwHDOFy7IbPXKek2o=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sso v1.30.13/go.mod h1:2h/xGEowcW/g38g06g3KpRWDlT+OTfxxI0o1KqayAB8=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.35.17 h1:jzKAXIlhZhJbnYwHbvUQZEB8KfgAEuG0dc08Bkda7NU=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/ssooidc v1.35.17/go.mod h1:Al9fFsXjv4KfbzQHGe6V4NZSZQXecFcvaIF4e70FoRA=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.9 h1:Cng+OOwCHmFljXIxpEVXAGMnBia8MSU6Ch5i9PgBkcU=
+github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/sts v1.41.9/go.mod h1:LrlIndBDdjA/EeXeyNBle+gyCwTlizzW5ycgWnvIxkk=
+github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.2 h1:FzA3bu/nt/vDvmnkg+R8Xl46gmzEDam6mZ1hzmwXFng=
+github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.2/go.mod h1:YE2RhdIuDbA5E5bTdciG9KrW3+TiEONeUWCqxX9i1Fc=
 github.com/beeper/argo-go v1.1.2 h1:UQI2G8F+NLfGTOmTUI0254pGKx/HUU/etbUGTJv91Fs=
 github.com/beeper/argo-go v1.1.2/go.mod h1:M+LJAnyowKVQ6Rdj6XYGEn+qcVFkb3R/MUpqkGR0hM4=
 github.com/bwmarrin/discordgo v0.29.0 h1:FmWeXFaKUwrcL3Cx65c20bTRW+vOb6k8AnaP+EgjDno=
@@ -38,6 +70,8 @@ github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.14/go.mod h1:NX3SzP+inril6yawo5CQXx8+fk145lPDC6p
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0/go.mod h1:Y58oyj3AT4RCenI/lSvhwexgC+NSVTIJ3seZv2GcEnc=
 github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6/go.mod h1:oOW0eioCTA6cOiMLiUPZOpcVxMig6NIQQ7OS05n1F4g=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
+github.com/creack/pty v1.1.24 h1:bJrF4RRfyJnbTJqzRLHzcGaZK1NeM5kTC9jGgovnR1s=
+github.com/creack/pty v1.1.24/go.mod h1:08sCNb52WyoAwi2QDyzUCTgcvVFhUzewun7wtTfvcwE=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
diff --git a/pkg/agent/context.go b/pkg/agent/context.go
index 8db8f0b5e..c3fcc9fff 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/context.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/context.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ type ContextBuilder struct {
 	memory             *MemoryStore
 	toolDiscoveryBM25  bool
 	toolDiscoveryRegex bool
+	splitOnMarker      bool
 
 	// Cache for system prompt to avoid rebuilding on every call.
 	// This fixes issue #607: repeated reprocessing of the entire context.
@@ -51,6 +53,11 @@ func (cb *ContextBuilder) WithToolDiscovery(useBM25, useRegex bool) *ContextBuil
 	return cb
 }
 
+func (cb *ContextBuilder) WithSplitOnMarker(enabled bool) *ContextBuilder {
+	cb.splitOnMarker = enabled
+	return cb
+}
+
 func getGlobalConfigDir() string {
 	if home := os.Getenv(config.EnvHome); home != "" {
 		return home
@@ -59,7 +66,7 @@ func getGlobalConfigDir() string {
 	if err != nil {
 		return ""
 	}
-	return filepath.Join(home, ".picoclaw")
+	return filepath.Join(home, pkg.DefaultPicoClawHome)
 }
 
 func NewContextBuilder(workspace string) *ContextBuilder {
@@ -156,6 +163,14 @@ The following skills extend your capabilities. To use a skill, read its SKILL.md
 		parts = append(parts, "# Memory\n\n"+memoryContext)
 	}
 
+	// Multi-Message Sending (if enabled)
+	if cb.splitOnMarker {
+		parts = append(parts, `# MULTI-MESSAGE OUTPUT
+You MUST frequently use <|[SPLIT]|> to break your responses into multiple short messages. NEVER output a single long wall of text. Actively split distinct concepts or parts. Example: Message part 1<|[SPLIT]|>Message part 2<|[SPLIT]|>Message part 3
+
+Each part separated by the marker will be sent as an independent message.`)
+	}
+
 	// Join with "---" separator
 	return strings.Join(parts, "\n\n---\n\n")
 }
@@ -222,13 +237,10 @@ func (cb *ContextBuilder) InvalidateCache() {
 // invalidation (bootstrap files + memory). Skill roots are handled separately
 // because they require both directory-level and recursive file-level checks.
 func (cb *ContextBuilder) sourcePaths() []string {
-	return []string{
-		filepath.Join(cb.workspace, "AGENTS.md"),
-		filepath.Join(cb.workspace, "SOUL.md"),
-		filepath.Join(cb.workspace, "USER.md"),
-		filepath.Join(cb.workspace, "IDENTITY.md"),
-		filepath.Join(cb.workspace, "memory", "MEMORY.md"),
-	}
+	agentDefinition := cb.LoadAgentDefinition()
+	paths := agentDefinition.trackedPaths(cb.workspace)
+	paths = append(paths, filepath.Join(cb.workspace, "memory", "MEMORY.md"))
+	return uniquePaths(paths)
 }
 
 // skillRoots returns all skill root directories that can affect
@@ -432,18 +444,32 @@ func skillFilesChangedSince(skillRoots []string, filesAtCache map[string]time.Ti
 }
 
 func (cb *ContextBuilder) LoadBootstrapFiles() string {
-	bootstrapFiles := []string{
-		"AGENTS.md",
-		"SOUL.md",
-		"USER.md",
-		"IDENTITY.md",
+	var sb strings.Builder
+
+	agentDefinition := cb.LoadAgentDefinition()
+	if agentDefinition.Agent != nil {
+		label := string(agentDefinition.Source)
+		if label == "" {
+			label = relativeWorkspacePath(cb.workspace, agentDefinition.Agent.Path)
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "## %s\n\n%s\n\n", label, agentDefinition.Agent.Body)
+	}
+	if agentDefinition.Soul != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(
+			&sb,
+			"## %s\n\n%s\n\n",
+			relativeWorkspacePath(cb.workspace, agentDefinition.Soul.Path),
+			agentDefinition.Soul.Content,
+		)
+	}
+	if agentDefinition.User != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "## %s\n\n%s\n\n", "USER.md", agentDefinition.User.Content)
 	}
 
-	var sb strings.Builder
-	for _, filename := range bootstrapFiles {
-		filePath := filepath.Join(cb.workspace, filename)
+	if agentDefinition.Source != AgentDefinitionSourceAgent {
+		filePath := filepath.Join(cb.workspace, "IDENTITY.md")
 		if data, err := os.ReadFile(filePath); err == nil {
-			fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "## %s\n\n%s\n\n", filename, data)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "## %s\n\n%s\n\n", "IDENTITY.md", data)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -497,6 +523,7 @@ func (cb *ContextBuilder) BuildMessages(
 	currentMessage string,
 	media []string,
 	channel, chatID, senderID, senderDisplayName string,
+	activeSkills ...string,
 ) []providers.Message {
 	messages := []providers.Message{}
 
@@ -530,6 +557,11 @@ func (cb *ContextBuilder) BuildMessages(
 		{Type: "text", Text: dynamicCtx},
 	}
 
+	if skillsText := cb.buildActiveSkillsContext(activeSkills); skillsText != "" {
+		stringParts = append(stringParts, skillsText)
+		contentBlocks = append(contentBlocks, providers.ContentBlock{Type: "text", Text: skillsText})
+	}
+
 	if summary != "" {
 		summaryText := fmt.Sprintf(
 			"CONTEXT_SUMMARY: The following is an approximate summary of prior conversation "+
@@ -660,8 +692,21 @@ func sanitizeHistoryForProvider(history []providers.Message) []providers.Message
 	// like DeepSeek that enforce: "An assistant message with 'tool_calls' must
 	// be followed by tool messages responding to each 'tool_call_id'."
 	final := make([]providers.Message, 0, len(sanitized))
+	seenToolCallID := make(map[string]bool)
 	for i := 0; i < len(sanitized); i++ {
 		msg := sanitized[i]
+
+		// Deduplicate tool results by ToolCallID
+		if msg.Role == "tool" && msg.ToolCallID != "" {
+			if seenToolCallID[msg.ToolCallID] {
+				logger.DebugCF("agent", "Dropping duplicate tool result", map[string]any{
+					"tool_call_id": msg.ToolCallID,
+				})
+				continue
+			}
+			seenToolCallID[msg.ToolCallID] = true
+		}
+
 		if msg.Role == "assistant" && len(msg.ToolCalls) > 0 {
 			// Collect expected tool_call IDs
 			expected := make(map[string]bool, len(msg.ToolCalls))
@@ -737,6 +782,68 @@ func (cb *ContextBuilder) AddAssistantMessage(
 	return messages
 }
 
+func (cb *ContextBuilder) buildActiveSkillsContext(skillNames []string) string {
+	if cb.skillsLoader == nil || len(skillNames) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	var ordered []string
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(skillNames))
+	for _, name := range skillNames {
+		canonical, ok := cb.ResolveSkillName(name)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, exists := seen[canonical]; exists {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[canonical] = struct{}{}
+		ordered = append(ordered, canonical)
+	}
+	if len(ordered) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	content := cb.skillsLoader.LoadSkillsForContext(ordered)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(content) == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`# Active Skills
+
+The following skills are active for this request. Follow them when relevant.
+
+%s`, content)
+}
+
+func (cb *ContextBuilder) ListSkillNames() []string {
+	if cb.skillsLoader == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	allSkills := cb.skillsLoader.ListSkills()
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(allSkills))
+	for _, skill := range allSkills {
+		names = append(names, skill.Name)
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+func (cb *ContextBuilder) ResolveSkillName(name string) (string, bool) {
+	name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
+	if name == "" || cb.skillsLoader == nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	for _, skill := range cb.skillsLoader.ListSkills() {
+		if strings.EqualFold(skill.Name, name) {
+			return skill.Name, true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", false
+}
+
 // GetSkillsInfo returns information about loaded skills.
 func (cb *ContextBuilder) GetSkillsInfo() map[string]any {
 	allSkills := cb.skillsLoader.ListSkills()
diff --git a/pkg/agent/context_budget.go b/pkg/agent/context_budget.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c87695c7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/context_budget.go
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+)
+
+// parseTurnBoundaries returns the starting index of each Turn in the history.
+// A Turn is a complete "user input → LLM iterations → final response" cycle
+// (as defined in #1316). Each Turn begins at a user message and extends
+// through all subsequent assistant/tool messages until the next user message.
+//
+// Cutting at a Turn boundary guarantees that no tool-call sequence
+// (assistant+ToolCalls → tool results) is split across the cut.
+func parseTurnBoundaries(history []providers.Message) []int {
+	var starts []int
+	for i, msg := range history {
+		if msg.Role == "user" {
+			starts = append(starts, i)
+		}
+	}
+	return starts
+}
+
+// isSafeBoundary reports whether index is a valid Turn boundary — i.e.,
+// a position where the kept portion (history[index:]) begins at a user
+// message, so no tool-call sequence is torn apart.
+func isSafeBoundary(history []providers.Message, index int) bool {
+	if index <= 0 || index >= len(history) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return history[index].Role == "user"
+}
+
+// findSafeBoundary locates the nearest Turn boundary to targetIndex.
+// It prefers the boundary at or before targetIndex (preserving more recent
+// context). Falls back to the nearest boundary after targetIndex, and
+// returns targetIndex unchanged only when no Turn boundary exists at all.
+func findSafeBoundary(history []providers.Message, targetIndex int) int {
+	if len(history) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if targetIndex <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if targetIndex >= len(history) {
+		return len(history)
+	}
+
+	turns := parseTurnBoundaries(history)
+	if len(turns) == 0 {
+		return targetIndex
+	}
+
+	// Find the last Turn boundary at or before targetIndex.
+	// Prefer backward: keeps more recent messages.
+	backward := -1
+	for _, t := range turns {
+		if t <= targetIndex {
+			backward = t
+		}
+	}
+	if backward > 0 {
+		return backward
+	}
+
+	// No valid Turn boundary before target (or only at index 0 which
+	// would keep everything). Use the first Turn after targetIndex.
+	for _, t := range turns {
+		if t > targetIndex {
+			return t
+		}
+	}
+
+	// No Turn boundary after targetIndex either. The only boundary is at
+	// index 0, meaning the entire history is a single Turn. Return 0 to
+	// signal that safe compression is not possible — callers check for
+	// mid <= 0 and skip compression in that case.
+	return 0
+}
+
+// estimateMessageTokens estimates the token count for a single message,
+// including Content, ReasoningContent, ToolCalls arguments, ToolCallID
+// metadata, and Media items. Uses a heuristic of 2.5 characters per token.
+func estimateMessageTokens(msg providers.Message) int {
+	chars := utf8.RuneCountInString(msg.Content)
+
+	// ReasoningContent (extended thinking / chain-of-thought) can be
+	// substantial and is stored in session history via AddFullMessage.
+	if msg.ReasoningContent != "" {
+		chars += utf8.RuneCountInString(msg.ReasoningContent)
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range msg.ToolCalls {
+		chars += len(tc.ID) + len(tc.Type)
+		if tc.Function != nil {
+			// Count function name + arguments (the wire format for most providers).
+			// tc.Name mirrors tc.Function.Name — count only once to avoid double-counting.
+			chars += len(tc.Function.Name) + len(tc.Function.Arguments)
+		} else {
+			// Fallback: some provider formats use top-level Name without Function.
+			chars += len(tc.Name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if msg.ToolCallID != "" {
+		chars += len(msg.ToolCallID)
+	}
+
+	// Per-message overhead for role label, JSON structure, separators.
+	const messageOverhead = 12
+	chars += messageOverhead
+
+	tokens := chars * 2 / 5
+
+	// Media items (images, files) are serialized by provider adapters into
+	// multipart or image_url payloads. Add a fixed per-item token estimate
+	// directly (not through the chars heuristic) since actual cost depends
+	// on resolution and provider-specific image tokenization.
+	const mediaTokensPerItem = 256
+	tokens += len(msg.Media) * mediaTokensPerItem
+
+	return tokens
+}
+
+// estimateToolDefsTokens estimates the total token cost of tool definitions
+// as they appear in the LLM request. Each tool's name, description, and
+// JSON schema parameters contribute to the context window budget.
+func estimateToolDefsTokens(defs []providers.ToolDefinition) int {
+	if len(defs) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	totalChars := 0
+	for _, d := range defs {
+		totalChars += len(d.Function.Name) + len(d.Function.Description)
+
+		if d.Function.Parameters != nil {
+			if paramJSON, err := json.Marshal(d.Function.Parameters); err == nil {
+				totalChars += len(paramJSON)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Per-tool overhead: type field, JSON structure, separators.
+		totalChars += 20
+	}
+
+	return totalChars * 2 / 5
+}
+
+// isOverContextBudget checks whether the assembled messages plus tool definitions
+// and output reserve would exceed the model's context window. This enables
+// proactive compression before calling the LLM, rather than reacting to 400 errors.
+func isOverContextBudget(
+	contextWindow int,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	toolDefs []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	maxTokens int,
+) bool {
+	msgTokens := 0
+	for _, m := range messages {
+		msgTokens += estimateMessageTokens(m)
+	}
+
+	toolTokens := estimateToolDefsTokens(toolDefs)
+	total := msgTokens + toolTokens + maxTokens
+
+	return total > contextWindow
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/context_budget_test.go b/pkg/agent/context_budget_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..870f0fbe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/context_budget_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,826 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+)
+
+// msgUser creates a user message.
+func msgUser(content string) providers.Message {
+	return providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: content}
+}
+
+// msgAssistant creates a plain assistant message (no tool calls).
+func msgAssistant(content string) providers.Message {
+	return providers.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: content}
+}
+
+// msgAssistantTC creates an assistant message with tool calls.
+func msgAssistantTC(toolIDs ...string) providers.Message {
+	tcs := make([]providers.ToolCall, len(toolIDs))
+	for i, id := range toolIDs {
+		tcs[i] = providers.ToolCall{
+			ID:   id,
+			Type: "function",
+			Name: "tool_" + id,
+			Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+				Name:      "tool_" + id,
+				Arguments: `{"key":"value"}`,
+			},
+		}
+	}
+	return providers.Message{Role: "assistant", ToolCalls: tcs}
+}
+
+// msgTool creates a tool result message.
+func msgTool(callID, content string) providers.Message {
+	return providers.Message{Role: "tool", ToolCallID: callID, Content: content}
+}
+
+func TestParseTurnBoundaries(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		history []providers.Message
+		want    []int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "empty history",
+			history: nil,
+			want:    nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "simple exchange",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgUser("q1"),
+				msgAssistant("a1"),
+				msgUser("q2"),
+				msgAssistant("a2"),
+			},
+			want: []int{0, 2},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tool-call Turn",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgUser("search"),
+				msgAssistantTC("tc1"),
+				msgTool("tc1", "result"),
+				msgAssistant("found it"),
+				msgUser("thanks"),
+				msgAssistant("welcome"),
+			},
+			want: []int{0, 4},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "chained tool calls in single Turn",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgUser("save and notify"),
+				msgAssistantTC("tc_save"),
+				msgTool("tc_save", "saved"),
+				msgAssistantTC("tc_notify"),
+				msgTool("tc_notify", "notified"),
+				msgAssistant("done"),
+			},
+			want: []int{0},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no user messages",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgAssistant("a1"),
+				msgAssistant("a2"),
+			},
+			want: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "leading non-user messages",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgAssistantTC("tc1"),
+				msgTool("tc1", "r1"),
+				msgAssistant("greeting"),
+				msgUser("hello"),
+				msgAssistant("hi"),
+			},
+			want: []int{3},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := parseTurnBoundaries(tt.history)
+			if len(got) != len(tt.want) {
+				t.Errorf("parseTurnBoundaries() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+				return
+			}
+			for i := range got {
+				if got[i] != tt.want[i] {
+					t.Errorf("parseTurnBoundaries()[%d] = %d, want %d", i, got[i], tt.want[i])
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsSafeBoundary(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		history []providers.Message
+		index   int
+		want    bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "empty history, index 0",
+			history: nil,
+			index:   0,
+			want:    true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "single user message, index 0",
+			history: []providers.Message{msgUser("hi")},
+			index:   0,
+			want:    true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "single user message, index 1 (end)",
+			history: []providers.Message{msgUser("hi")},
+			index:   1,
+			want:    true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "at user message",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgAssistant("hello"),
+				msgUser("how are you"),
+				msgAssistant("fine"),
+			},
+			index: 1,
+			want:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "at assistant without tool calls",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgUser("hello"),
+				msgAssistant("response"),
+				msgUser("follow up"),
+			},
+			index: 1,
+			want:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "at assistant with tool calls",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgUser("search something"),
+				msgAssistantTC("tc1"),
+				msgTool("tc1", "result"),
+				msgAssistant("here is what I found"),
+			},
+			index: 1,
+			want:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "at tool result",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgUser("do something"),
+				msgAssistantTC("tc1"),
+				msgTool("tc1", "done"),
+				msgAssistant("completed"),
+			},
+			index: 2,
+			want:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "negative index",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgUser("hello"),
+			},
+			index: -1,
+			want:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "index beyond length",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgUser("hello"),
+			},
+			index: 5,
+			want:  true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := isSafeBoundary(tt.history, tt.index)
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("isSafeBoundary(history, %d) = %v, want %v", tt.index, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFindSafeBoundary(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		history     []providers.Message
+		targetIndex int
+		want        int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "empty history",
+			history:     nil,
+			targetIndex: 0,
+			want:        0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "target at 0",
+			history:     []providers.Message{msgUser("hi")},
+			targetIndex: 0,
+			want:        0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "target beyond length",
+			history:     []providers.Message{msgUser("hi")},
+			targetIndex: 5,
+			want:        1,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "target already at user message",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgUser("q1"),
+				msgAssistant("a1"),
+				msgUser("q2"),
+				msgAssistant("a2"),
+			},
+			targetIndex: 2,
+			want:        2,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "target at assistant, scan backward finds user",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgUser("q1"),
+				msgAssistant("a1"),
+				msgUser("q2"),
+				msgAssistant("a2"),
+				msgUser("q3"),
+			},
+			targetIndex: 3, // assistant "a2"
+			want:        2, // backward to user "q2"
+		},
+		{
+			name: "target inside tool sequence, scan backward finds user",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgUser("q1"),
+				msgAssistant("a1"),
+				msgUser("q2"),
+				msgAssistantTC("tc1", "tc2"),
+				msgTool("tc1", "r1"),
+				msgTool("tc2", "r2"),
+				msgAssistant("summary"),
+				msgUser("q3"),
+			},
+			targetIndex: 4, // tool result "r1"
+			want:        2, // backward: 3=assistant+TC (not safe), 2=user → safe
+		},
+		{
+			name: "target inside tool sequence, backward finds user before chain",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgUser("q1"),
+				msgAssistant("a1"),
+				msgUser("q2"),
+				msgAssistantTC("tc1", "tc2"),
+				msgTool("tc1", "r1"),
+				msgTool("tc2", "r2"),
+				msgAssistant("summary"),
+				msgUser("q3"),
+			},
+			targetIndex: 5, // tool result "r2"
+			want:        2, // backward: 4=tool, 3=assistant+TC, 2=user → safe
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no backward user, scan forward finds one",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgAssistantTC("tc1"),
+				msgTool("tc1", "r1"),
+				msgAssistant("a1"),
+				msgUser("q1"),
+			},
+			targetIndex: 1, // tool result
+			want:        3, // forward to user "q1"
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multi-step tool chain preserves atomicity",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgUser("q1"),
+				msgAssistant("a1"),
+				msgUser("q2"),
+				msgAssistantTC("tc1"),
+				msgTool("tc1", "r1"),
+				msgAssistantTC("tc2"),
+				msgTool("tc2", "r2"),
+				msgAssistant("final"),
+				msgUser("q3"),
+				msgAssistant("a3"),
+			},
+			targetIndex: 5, // second assistant+TC
+			want:        2, // backward: 4=tool, 3=assistant+TC, 2=user → safe
+		},
+		{
+			name: "all non-user messages returns target unchanged",
+			history: []providers.Message{
+				msgAssistant("a1"),
+				msgAssistant("a2"),
+				msgAssistant("a3"),
+			},
+			targetIndex: 1,
+			want:        1,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := findSafeBoundary(tt.history, tt.targetIndex)
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("findSafeBoundary(history, %d) = %d, want %d",
+					tt.targetIndex, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFindSafeBoundary_SingleTurnReturnsZero(t *testing.T) {
+	// A single Turn with no subsequent user message. The only Turn boundary
+	// is at index 0; cutting anywhere else would split the Turn's tool
+	// sequence. findSafeBoundary must return 0 so callers skip compression.
+	history := []providers.Message{
+		msgUser("do everything"), // 0 ← only Turn boundary
+		msgAssistantTC("tc1"),    // 1
+		msgTool("tc1", "result"), // 2
+		msgAssistant("all done"), // 3
+	}
+
+	got := findSafeBoundary(history, 2)
+	if got != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("findSafeBoundary(single_turn, 2) = %d, want 0 (cannot split single Turn)", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFindSafeBoundary_BackwardScanSkipsToolSequence(t *testing.T) {
+	// A long tool-call chain: user → assistant+TC → tool → tool → ... → assistant → user
+	// Target is inside the chain; boundary should skip the entire chain backward.
+	history := []providers.Message{
+		msgUser("start"),                 // 0
+		msgAssistant("before chain"),     // 1
+		msgUser("trigger"),               // 2 ← expected safe boundary
+		msgAssistantTC("t1", "t2", "t3"), // 3
+		msgTool("t1", "r1"),              // 4
+		msgTool("t2", "r2"),              // 5
+		msgTool("t3", "r3"),              // 6
+		msgAssistantTC("t4"),             // 7
+		msgTool("t4", "r4"),              // 8
+		msgAssistant("chain done"),       // 9
+		msgUser("next"),                  // 10
+	}
+
+	// Target at index 6 (middle of tool results)
+	got := findSafeBoundary(history, 6)
+	if got != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("findSafeBoundary(history, 6) = %d, want 2 (user before chain)", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEstimateMessageTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		msg  providers.Message
+		want int // minimum expected tokens (exact value depends on overhead)
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "plain user message",
+			msg:  msgUser("Hello, world!"),
+			want: 1, // at least some tokens
+		},
+		{
+			name: "empty message still has overhead",
+			msg:  providers.Message{Role: "user"},
+			want: 1, // message overhead alone
+		},
+		{
+			name: "assistant with tool calls",
+			msg:  msgAssistantTC("tc_123"),
+			want: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tool result with ID",
+			msg:  msgTool("call_abc", "Here is the search result with lots of content"),
+			want: 1,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := estimateMessageTokens(tt.msg)
+			if got < tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("estimateMessageTokens() = %d, want >= %d", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEstimateMessageTokens_ToolCallsContribute(t *testing.T) {
+	plain := msgAssistant("thinking")
+	withTC := providers.Message{
+		Role:    "assistant",
+		Content: "thinking",
+		ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+			{
+				ID:   "call_1",
+				Type: "function",
+				Name: "web_search",
+				Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "web_search",
+					Arguments: `{"query":"picoclaw agent framework","max_results":5}`,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	plainTokens := estimateMessageTokens(plain)
+	withTCTokens := estimateMessageTokens(withTC)
+
+	if withTCTokens <= plainTokens {
+		t.Errorf("message with ToolCalls (%d tokens) should exceed plain message (%d tokens)",
+			withTCTokens, plainTokens)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEstimateMessageTokens_MultibyteContent(t *testing.T) {
+	// Multi-byte characters (e.g. emoji, accented letters) are single runes
+	// but may map to different token counts. The heuristic should still produce
+	// reasonable estimates via RuneCountInString.
+	msg := msgUser("caf\u00e9 na\u00efve r\u00e9sum\u00e9 \u00fcber stra\u00dfe")
+	tokens := estimateMessageTokens(msg)
+	if tokens <= 0 {
+		t.Errorf("multibyte message should produce positive token count, got %d", tokens)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEstimateMessageTokens_LargeArguments(t *testing.T) {
+	// Simulate a tool call with large JSON arguments.
+	largeArgs := fmt.Sprintf(`{"content":"%s"}`, strings.Repeat("x", 5000))
+	msg := providers.Message{
+		Role: "assistant",
+		ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+			{
+				ID:   "call_large",
+				Type: "function",
+				Name: "write_file",
+				Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "write_file",
+					Arguments: largeArgs,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tokens := estimateMessageTokens(msg)
+	// 5000+ chars → at least 2000 tokens with the 2.5 char/token heuristic
+	if tokens < 2000 {
+		t.Errorf("large tool call arguments should produce significant token count, got %d", tokens)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEstimateMessageTokens_ReasoningContent(t *testing.T) {
+	plain := msgAssistant("result")
+	withReasoning := providers.Message{
+		Role:             "assistant",
+		Content:          "result",
+		ReasoningContent: strings.Repeat("thinking step ", 200),
+	}
+
+	plainTokens := estimateMessageTokens(plain)
+	reasoningTokens := estimateMessageTokens(withReasoning)
+
+	if reasoningTokens <= plainTokens {
+		t.Errorf("message with ReasoningContent (%d tokens) should exceed plain message (%d tokens)",
+			reasoningTokens, plainTokens)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEstimateMessageTokens_MediaItems(t *testing.T) {
+	plain := msgUser("describe this")
+	withMedia := providers.Message{
+		Role:    "user",
+		Content: "describe this",
+		Media:   []string{"media://img1.png", "media://img2.png"},
+	}
+
+	plainTokens := estimateMessageTokens(plain)
+	mediaTokens := estimateMessageTokens(withMedia)
+
+	if mediaTokens <= plainTokens {
+		t.Errorf("message with Media (%d tokens) should exceed plain message (%d tokens)",
+			mediaTokens, plainTokens)
+	}
+
+	// Each media item should add exactly 256 tokens (not run through chars*2/5).
+	expectedDelta := 256 * 2
+	actualDelta := mediaTokens - plainTokens
+	if actualDelta != expectedDelta {
+		t.Errorf("2 media items should add %d tokens, got delta %d", expectedDelta, actualDelta)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- estimateToolDefsTokens tests ---
+
+func TestEstimateToolDefsTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		defs []providers.ToolDefinition
+		want int // minimum expected tokens
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "empty tool list",
+			defs: nil,
+			want: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single tool with params",
+			defs: []providers.ToolDefinition{
+				{
+					Type: "function",
+					Function: providers.ToolFunctionDefinition{
+						Name:        "web_search",
+						Description: "Search the web for information",
+						Parameters: map[string]any{
+							"type": "object",
+							"properties": map[string]any{
+								"query": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+							},
+							"required": []any{"query"},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			want: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tool without params",
+			defs: []providers.ToolDefinition{
+				{
+					Type: "function",
+					Function: providers.ToolFunctionDefinition{
+						Name:        "list_dir",
+						Description: "List directory contents",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			want: 1,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := estimateToolDefsTokens(tt.defs)
+			if got < tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("estimateToolDefsTokens() = %d, want >= %d", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEstimateToolDefsTokens_ScalesWithCount(t *testing.T) {
+	makeTool := func(name string) providers.ToolDefinition {
+		return providers.ToolDefinition{
+			Type: "function",
+			Function: providers.ToolFunctionDefinition{
+				Name:        name,
+				Description: "A test tool that does something useful",
+				Parameters: map[string]any{
+					"type": "object",
+					"properties": map[string]any{
+						"input": map[string]any{"type": "string", "description": "Input value"},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	one := estimateToolDefsTokens([]providers.ToolDefinition{makeTool("tool_a")})
+	three := estimateToolDefsTokens([]providers.ToolDefinition{
+		makeTool("tool_a"), makeTool("tool_b"), makeTool("tool_c"),
+	})
+
+	if three <= one {
+		t.Errorf("3 tools (%d tokens) should exceed 1 tool (%d tokens)", three, one)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- isOverContextBudget tests ---
+
+func TestIsOverContextBudget(t *testing.T) {
+	systemMsg := providers.Message{Role: "system", Content: strings.Repeat("x", 1000)}
+	userMsg := msgUser("hello")
+	smallHistory := []providers.Message{systemMsg, msgUser("q1"), msgAssistant("a1"), userMsg}
+
+	tools := []providers.ToolDefinition{
+		{
+			Type: "function",
+			Function: providers.ToolFunctionDefinition{
+				Name:        "test_tool",
+				Description: "A test tool",
+				Parameters:  map[string]any{"type": "object"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		contextWindow int
+		messages      []providers.Message
+		toolDefs      []providers.ToolDefinition
+		maxTokens     int
+		want          bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "within budget",
+			contextWindow: 100000,
+			messages:      smallHistory,
+			toolDefs:      tools,
+			maxTokens:     4096,
+			want:          false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "over budget with small window",
+			contextWindow: 100, // very small window
+			messages:      smallHistory,
+			toolDefs:      tools,
+			maxTokens:     4096,
+			want:          true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "large max_tokens eats budget",
+			contextWindow: 2000,
+			messages:      smallHistory,
+			toolDefs:      tools,
+			maxTokens:     1800, // leaves almost no room
+			want:          true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "empty messages within budget",
+			contextWindow: 10000,
+			messages:      nil,
+			toolDefs:      nil,
+			maxTokens:     4096,
+			want:          false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := isOverContextBudget(tt.contextWindow, tt.messages, tt.toolDefs, tt.maxTokens)
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("isOverContextBudget() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Tests reflecting actual session data shape ---
+// Session history never contains system messages. The system prompt is
+// built dynamically by BuildMessages. These tests use realistic history
+// shapes: user/assistant/tool only, with tool chains and reasoning content.
+
+func TestFindSafeBoundary_SessionHistoryNoSystem(t *testing.T) {
+	// Real session history starts with a user message, not a system message.
+	history := []providers.Message{
+		msgUser("hello"),               // 0
+		msgAssistant("hi there"),       // 1
+		msgUser("search for X"),        // 2
+		msgAssistantTC("tc1"),          // 3
+		msgTool("tc1", "found X"),      // 4
+		msgAssistant("here is X"),      // 5
+		msgUser("thanks"),              // 6
+		msgAssistant("you're welcome"), // 7
+	}
+
+	// Mid-point is 4 (tool result). Should snap backward to 2 (user).
+	got := findSafeBoundary(history, 4)
+	if got != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("findSafeBoundary(session_history, 4) = %d, want 2", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFindSafeBoundary_SessionWithChainedTools(t *testing.T) {
+	// Session with chained tool calls (save then notify).
+	history := []providers.Message{
+		msgUser("save and notify"),       // 0
+		msgAssistantTC("tc_save"),        // 1
+		msgTool("tc_save", "saved"),      // 2
+		msgAssistantTC("tc_notify"),      // 3
+		msgTool("tc_notify", "notified"), // 4
+		msgAssistant("done"),             // 5
+		msgUser("check status"),          // 6
+		msgAssistant("all good"),         // 7
+	}
+
+	// Target at 3 (inside chain). Should find user at 0, but backward
+	// scan stops at i>0, so forward scan finds user at 6.
+	// Actually: backward from 3: 2=tool (no), 1=assistantTC (no). Forward: 4=tool, 5=asst, 6=user ✓
+	got := findSafeBoundary(history, 3)
+	if got != 6 {
+		t.Errorf("findSafeBoundary(chained_tools, 3) = %d, want 6", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEstimateMessageTokens_WithReasoningAndMedia(t *testing.T) {
+	// Message with all fields populated — mirrors what AddFullMessage stores.
+	msg := providers.Message{
+		Role:             "assistant",
+		Content:          "Here is the analysis.",
+		ReasoningContent: strings.Repeat("Let me think about this carefully. ", 50),
+		ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+			{
+				ID:   "call_1",
+				Type: "function",
+				Name: "analyze",
+				Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "analyze",
+					Arguments: `{"data":"sample","depth":3}`,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tokens := estimateMessageTokens(msg)
+
+	// ReasoningContent alone is ~1700 chars → ~680 tokens.
+	// Content + TC + overhead adds more. Should be well above 500.
+	if tokens < 500 {
+		t.Errorf("message with reasoning+toolcalls should have significant tokens, got %d", tokens)
+	}
+
+	// Compare without reasoning to ensure it's counted.
+	msgNoReasoning := msg
+	msgNoReasoning.ReasoningContent = ""
+	tokensNoReasoning := estimateMessageTokens(msgNoReasoning)
+
+	if tokens <= tokensNoReasoning {
+		t.Errorf("reasoning content should add tokens: with=%d, without=%d", tokens, tokensNoReasoning)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsOverContextBudget_RealisticSession(t *testing.T) {
+	// Simulate what BuildMessages produces: system + session history + current user.
+	// System message is built by BuildMessages, not stored in session.
+	systemMsg := providers.Message{
+		Role:    "system",
+		Content: strings.Repeat("system prompt content ", 100),
+	}
+	sessionHistory := []providers.Message{
+		msgUser("first question"),
+		msgAssistant("first answer"),
+		msgUser("use tool X"),
+		{
+			Role:    "assistant",
+			Content: "I'll use tool X",
+			ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+				{
+					ID: "tc1", Type: "function", Name: "tool_x",
+					Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+						Name:      "tool_x",
+						Arguments: `{"query":"test","verbose":true}`,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{Role: "tool", Content: strings.Repeat("result data ", 200), ToolCallID: "tc1"},
+		msgAssistant("Here are the results from tool X."),
+	}
+	currentUser := msgUser("follow up question")
+
+	// Assemble as BuildMessages would.
+	messages := make([]providers.Message, 0, 1+len(sessionHistory)+1)
+	messages = append(messages, systemMsg)
+	messages = append(messages, sessionHistory...)
+	messages = append(messages, currentUser)
+
+	tools := []providers.ToolDefinition{
+		{
+			Type: "function",
+			Function: providers.ToolFunctionDefinition{
+				Name:        "tool_x",
+				Description: "A useful tool",
+				Parameters:  map[string]any{"type": "object"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// With a large context window, should be within budget.
+	if isOverContextBudget(131072, messages, tools, 32768) {
+		t.Error("realistic session should be within 131072 context window")
+	}
+
+	// With a tiny context window, should exceed budget.
+	if !isOverContextBudget(500, messages, tools, 32768) {
+		t.Error("realistic session should exceed 500 context window")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/context_cache_test.go b/pkg/agent/context_cache_test.go
index c26976c3c..81a1534b9 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/context_cache_test.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/context_cache_test.go
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func setupWorkspace(t *testing.T, files map[string]string) string {
 // Codex (only reads last system message as instructions).
 func TestSingleSystemMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir := setupWorkspace(t, map[string]string{
-		"IDENTITY.md": "# Identity\nTest agent.",
+		"AGENT.md": "# Agent\nTest agent.",
 	})
 	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
@@ -202,10 +202,10 @@ func TestMtimeAutoInvalidation(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			name:       "bootstrap file change",
-			file:       "IDENTITY.md",
-			contentV1:  "# Original Identity",
-			contentV2:  "# Updated Identity",
-			checkField: "Updated Identity",
+			file:       "AGENT.md",
+			contentV1:  "# Original Agent",
+			contentV2:  "# Updated Agent",
+			checkField: "Updated Agent",
 		},
 		{
 			name:       "memory file change",
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ func TestMtimeAutoInvalidation(t *testing.T) {
 // even when source files haven't changed (useful for tests and reload commands).
 func TestExplicitInvalidateCache(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir := setupWorkspace(t, map[string]string{
-		"IDENTITY.md": "# Test Identity",
+		"AGENT.md": "# Test Agent",
 	})
 	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
@@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ func TestExplicitInvalidateCache(t *testing.T) {
 // when no files change (regression test for issue #607).
 func TestCacheStability(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir := setupWorkspace(t, map[string]string{
-		"IDENTITY.md": "# Identity\nContent",
-		"SOUL.md":     "# Soul\nContent",
+		"AGENT.md": "# Agent\nContent",
+		"SOUL.md":  "# Soul\nContent",
 	})
 	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
 
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ description: delete-me-v1
 // Run with: go test -race ./pkg/agent/ -run TestConcurrentBuildSystemPromptWithCache
 func TestConcurrentBuildSystemPromptWithCache(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir := setupWorkspace(t, map[string]string{
-		"IDENTITY.md":          "# Identity\nConcurrency test agent.",
+		"AGENT.md":             "# Agent\nConcurrency test agent.",
 		"SOUL.md":              "# Soul\nBe helpful.",
 		"memory/MEMORY.md":     "# Memory\nUser prefers Go.",
 		"skills/demo/SKILL.md": "---\nname: demo\ndescription: \"demo skill\"\n---\n# Demo",
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ func BenchmarkBuildMessagesWithCache(b *testing.B) {
 
 	os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "memory"), 0o755)
 	os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(tmpDir, "skills"), 0o755)
-	for _, name := range []string{"IDENTITY.md", "SOUL.md", "USER.md"} {
+	for _, name := range []string{"AGENT.md", "SOUL.md"} {
 		os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tmpDir, name), []byte(strings.Repeat("Content.\n", 10)), 0o644)
 	}
 
diff --git a/pkg/agent/context_test.go b/pkg/agent/context_test.go
index 5756ed911..0d7948eef 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/context_test.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/context_test.go
@@ -188,6 +188,31 @@ func TestSanitizeHistoryForProvider_PlainConversation(t *testing.T) {
 	assertRoles(t, result, "user", "assistant", "user", "assistant")
 }
 
+func TestSanitizeHistoryForProvider_DuplicateToolResults(t *testing.T) {
+	history := []providers.Message{
+		msg("user", "do something"),
+		assistantWithTools("A", "B"),
+		toolResult("A"),
+		toolResult("B"),
+		toolResult("A"), // duplicate
+		toolResult("B"), // duplicate
+		msg("assistant", "done"),
+	}
+
+	result := sanitizeHistoryForProvider(history)
+	if len(result) != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 5 messages, got %d: %+v", len(result), roles(result))
+	}
+	assertRoles(t, result, "user", "assistant", "tool", "tool", "assistant")
+	// Verify the kept tool results have the correct IDs
+	if result[2].ToolCallID != "A" {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool result A, got %q", result[2].ToolCallID)
+	}
+	if result[3].ToolCallID != "B" {
+		t.Errorf("expected tool result B, got %q", result[3].ToolCallID)
+	}
+}
+
 func roles(msgs []providers.Message) []string {
 	r := make([]string, len(msgs))
 	for i, m := range msgs {
diff --git a/pkg/agent/definition.go b/pkg/agent/definition.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf73d607c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/definition.go
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gomarkdown/markdown/parser"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+// AgentDefinitionSource identifies which agent bootstrap file produced the definition.
+type AgentDefinitionSource string
+
+const (
+	// AgentDefinitionSourceAgent indicates the new AGENT.md format.
+	AgentDefinitionSourceAgent AgentDefinitionSource = "AGENT.md"
+	// AgentDefinitionSourceAgents indicates the legacy AGENTS.md format.
+	AgentDefinitionSourceAgents AgentDefinitionSource = "AGENTS.md"
+)
+
+// AgentFrontmatter holds machine-readable AGENT.md configuration.
+//
+// Known fields are exposed directly for convenience. Fields keeps the full
+// parsed frontmatter so future refactors can read additional keys without
+// changing the loader contract again.
+type AgentFrontmatter struct {
+	Name        string         `json:"name"`
+	Description string         `json:"description"`
+	Tools       []string       `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+	Model       string         `json:"model,omitempty"`
+	MaxTurns    *int           `json:"maxTurns,omitempty"`
+	Skills      []string       `json:"skills,omitempty"`
+	MCPServers  []string       `json:"mcpServers,omitempty"`
+	Fields      map[string]any `json:"fields,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AgentPromptDefinition represents the parsed AGENT.md or AGENTS.md prompt file.
+type AgentPromptDefinition struct {
+	Path           string           `json:"path"`
+	Raw            string           `json:"raw"`
+	Body           string           `json:"body"`
+	RawFrontmatter string           `json:"raw_frontmatter,omitempty"`
+	Frontmatter    AgentFrontmatter `json:"frontmatter"`
+}
+
+// SoulDefinition represents the resolved SOUL.md file linked to the agent.
+type SoulDefinition struct {
+	Path    string `json:"path"`
+	Content string `json:"content"`
+}
+
+// UserDefinition represents the resolved USER.md file linked to the workspace.
+type UserDefinition struct {
+	Path    string `json:"path"`
+	Content string `json:"content"`
+}
+
+// AgentContextDefinition captures the workspace agent definition in a runtime-friendly shape.
+type AgentContextDefinition struct {
+	Source AgentDefinitionSource  `json:"source,omitempty"`
+	Agent  *AgentPromptDefinition `json:"agent,omitempty"`
+	Soul   *SoulDefinition        `json:"soul,omitempty"`
+	User   *UserDefinition        `json:"user,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// LoadAgentDefinition parses the workspace agent bootstrap files.
+//
+// It prefers the new AGENT.md format and its paired SOUL.md file. When the
+// structured files are absent, it falls back to the legacy AGENTS.md layout so
+// the current runtime can transition incrementally.
+func (cb *ContextBuilder) LoadAgentDefinition() AgentContextDefinition {
+	return loadAgentDefinition(cb.workspace)
+}
+
+func loadAgentDefinition(workspace string) AgentContextDefinition {
+	definition := AgentContextDefinition{}
+	definition.User = loadUserDefinition(workspace)
+	agentPath := filepath.Join(workspace, string(AgentDefinitionSourceAgent))
+	if content, err := os.ReadFile(agentPath); err == nil {
+		prompt := parseAgentPromptDefinition(agentPath, string(content))
+		definition.Source = AgentDefinitionSourceAgent
+		definition.Agent = &prompt
+		soulPath := filepath.Join(workspace, "SOUL.md")
+		if content, err := os.ReadFile(soulPath); err == nil {
+			definition.Soul = &SoulDefinition{
+				Path:    soulPath,
+				Content: string(content),
+			}
+		}
+		return definition
+	}
+
+	legacyPath := filepath.Join(workspace, string(AgentDefinitionSourceAgents))
+	if content, err := os.ReadFile(legacyPath); err == nil {
+		definition.Source = AgentDefinitionSourceAgents
+		definition.Agent = &AgentPromptDefinition{
+			Path: legacyPath,
+			Raw:  string(content),
+			Body: string(content),
+		}
+	}
+
+	defaultSoulPath := filepath.Join(workspace, "SOUL.md")
+	if definition.Source != "" || fileExists(defaultSoulPath) {
+		if content, err := os.ReadFile(defaultSoulPath); err == nil {
+			definition.Soul = &SoulDefinition{
+				Path:    defaultSoulPath,
+				Content: string(content),
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return definition
+}
+
+func (definition AgentContextDefinition) trackedPaths(workspace string) []string {
+	paths := []string{
+		filepath.Join(workspace, string(AgentDefinitionSourceAgent)),
+		filepath.Join(workspace, "SOUL.md"),
+		filepath.Join(workspace, "USER.md"),
+	}
+	if definition.Source != AgentDefinitionSourceAgent {
+		paths = append(paths,
+			filepath.Join(workspace, string(AgentDefinitionSourceAgents)),
+			filepath.Join(workspace, "IDENTITY.md"),
+		)
+	}
+	return uniquePaths(paths)
+}
+
+func loadUserDefinition(workspace string) *UserDefinition {
+	userPath := filepath.Join(workspace, "USER.md")
+	if content, err := os.ReadFile(userPath); err == nil {
+		return &UserDefinition{
+			Path:    userPath,
+			Content: string(content),
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func parseAgentPromptDefinition(path, content string) AgentPromptDefinition {
+	frontmatter, body := splitAgentFrontmatter(content)
+	return AgentPromptDefinition{
+		Path:           path,
+		Raw:            content,
+		Body:           body,
+		RawFrontmatter: frontmatter,
+		Frontmatter:    parseAgentFrontmatter(path, frontmatter),
+	}
+}
+
+func parseAgentFrontmatter(path, frontmatter string) AgentFrontmatter {
+	frontmatter = strings.TrimSpace(frontmatter)
+	if frontmatter == "" {
+		return AgentFrontmatter{}
+	}
+
+	rawFields := make(map[string]any)
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(frontmatter), &rawFields); err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("agent", "Failed to parse AGENT.md frontmatter", map[string]any{
+			"path":  path,
+			"error": err.Error(),
+		})
+		return AgentFrontmatter{}
+	}
+
+	var typed struct {
+		Name        string   `yaml:"name"`
+		Description string   `yaml:"description"`
+		Tools       []string `yaml:"tools"`
+		Model       string   `yaml:"model"`
+		MaxTurns    *int     `yaml:"maxTurns"`
+		Skills      []string `yaml:"skills"`
+		MCPServers  []string `yaml:"mcpServers"`
+	}
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal([]byte(frontmatter), &typed); err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("agent", "Failed to decode AGENT.md frontmatter fields", map[string]any{
+			"path":  path,
+			"error": err.Error(),
+		})
+		return AgentFrontmatter{}
+	}
+
+	return AgentFrontmatter{
+		Name:        strings.TrimSpace(typed.Name),
+		Description: strings.TrimSpace(typed.Description),
+		Tools:       append([]string(nil), typed.Tools...),
+		Model:       strings.TrimSpace(typed.Model),
+		MaxTurns:    typed.MaxTurns,
+		Skills:      append([]string(nil), typed.Skills...),
+		MCPServers:  append([]string(nil), typed.MCPServers...),
+		Fields:      rawFields,
+	}
+}
+
+func splitAgentFrontmatter(content string) (frontmatter, body string) {
+	normalized := string(parser.NormalizeNewlines([]byte(content)))
+	lines := strings.Split(normalized, "\n")
+	if len(lines) == 0 || lines[0] != "---" {
+		return "", content
+	}
+
+	end := -1
+	for i := 1; i < len(lines); i++ {
+		if lines[i] == "---" {
+			end = i
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if end == -1 {
+		return "", content
+	}
+
+	frontmatter = strings.Join(lines[1:end], "\n")
+	body = strings.Join(lines[end+1:], "\n")
+	body = strings.TrimLeft(body, "\n")
+	return frontmatter, body
+}
+
+func relativeWorkspacePath(workspace, path string) string {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(path) == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	relativePath, err := filepath.Rel(workspace, path)
+	if err == nil && relativePath != "." && !strings.HasPrefix(relativePath, "..") {
+		return filepath.ToSlash(relativePath)
+	}
+	return filepath.Clean(path)
+}
+
+func uniquePaths(paths []string) []string {
+	result := make([]string, 0, len(paths))
+	for _, path := range paths {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(path) == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		cleaned := filepath.Clean(path)
+		if slices.Contains(result, cleaned) {
+			continue
+		}
+		result = append(result, cleaned)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func fileExists(path string) bool {
+	_, err := os.Stat(path)
+	return err == nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/definition_test.go b/pkg/agent/definition_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ee996967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/definition_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestLoadAgentDefinitionParsesFrontmatterAndSoul(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := setupWorkspace(t, map[string]string{
+		"AGENT.md": `---
+name: pico
+description: Structured agent
+model: claude-3-7-sonnet
+tools:
+  - shell
+  - search
+maxTurns: 8
+skills:
+  - review
+  - search-docs
+mcpServers:
+  - github
+metadata:
+  mode: strict
+---
+# Agent
+
+Act directly and use tools first.
+`,
+		"SOUL.md": "# Soul\nStay precise.",
+	})
+	defer cleanupWorkspace(t, tmpDir)
+
+	cb := NewContextBuilder(tmpDir)
+	definition := cb.LoadAgentDefinition()
+
+	if definition.Source != AgentDefinitionSourceAgent {
+		t.Fatalf("expected source %q, got %q", AgentDefinitionSourceAgent, definition.Source)
+	}
+	if definition.Agent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected AGENT.md definition to be loaded")
+	}
+	if definition.Agent.Body == "" || !strings.Contains(definition.Agent.Body, "Act directly") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected AGENT.md body to be preserved, got %q", definition.Agent.Body)
+	}
+	if definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Name != "pico" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected name to be parsed, got %q", definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Name)
+	}
+	if definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Model != "claude-3-7-sonnet" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected model to be parsed, got %q", definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Model)
+	}
+	if len(definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Tools) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tools to be parsed, got %v", definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Tools)
+	}
+	if definition.Agent.Frontmatter.MaxTurns == nil || *definition.Agent.Frontmatter.MaxTurns != 8 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected maxTurns to be parsed, got %v", definition.Agent.Frontmatter.MaxTurns)
+	}
+	if len(definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Skills) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected skills to be parsed, got %v", definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Skills)
+	}
+	if len(definition.Agent.Frontmatter.MCPServers) != 1 || definition.Agent.Frontmatter.MCPServers[0] != "github" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected mcpServers to be parsed, got %v", definition.Agent.Frontmatter.MCPServers)
+	}
+	if definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Fields["metadata"] == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected arbitrary frontmatter fields to remain available")
+	}
+
+	if definition.Soul == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected SOUL.md to be loaded")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(definition.Soul.Content, "Stay precise") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected soul content to be loaded, got %q", definition.Soul.Content)
+	}
+	if definition.Soul.Path != filepath.Join(tmpDir, "SOUL.md") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected default SOUL.md path, got %q", definition.Soul.Path)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadAgentDefinitionFallsBackToLegacyAgentsMarkdown(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := setupWorkspace(t, map[string]string{
+		"AGENTS.md": "# Legacy Agent\nKeep compatibility.",
+		"SOUL.md":   "# Soul\nLegacy soul.",
+	})
+	defer cleanupWorkspace(t, tmpDir)
+
+	cb := NewContextBuilder(tmpDir)
+	definition := cb.LoadAgentDefinition()
+
+	if definition.Source != AgentDefinitionSourceAgents {
+		t.Fatalf("expected source %q, got %q", AgentDefinitionSourceAgents, definition.Source)
+	}
+	if definition.Agent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected AGENTS.md to be loaded")
+	}
+	if definition.Agent.RawFrontmatter != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("legacy AGENTS.md should not have frontmatter, got %q", definition.Agent.RawFrontmatter)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(definition.Agent.Body, "Keep compatibility") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected legacy body to be preserved, got %q", definition.Agent.Body)
+	}
+	if definition.Soul == nil || !strings.Contains(definition.Soul.Content, "Legacy soul") {
+		t.Fatal("expected default SOUL.md to be loaded for legacy format")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadAgentDefinitionLoadsWorkspaceUserMarkdown(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := setupWorkspace(t, map[string]string{
+		"AGENT.md": "# Agent\nStructured agent.",
+		"USER.md":  "# User\nWorkspace preferences.",
+	})
+	defer cleanupWorkspace(t, tmpDir)
+
+	cb := NewContextBuilder(tmpDir)
+	definition := cb.LoadAgentDefinition()
+
+	if definition.User == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected USER.md to be loaded")
+	}
+	if definition.User.Path != filepath.Join(tmpDir, "USER.md") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected workspace USER.md path, got %q", definition.User.Path)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(definition.User.Content, "Workspace preferences") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected workspace USER.md content, got %q", definition.User.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadAgentDefinitionInvalidFrontmatterFallsBackToEmptyStructuredFields(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := setupWorkspace(t, map[string]string{
+		"AGENT.md": `---
+name: pico
+tools:
+  - shell
+  broken
+---
+# Agent
+
+Keep going.
+`,
+	})
+	defer cleanupWorkspace(t, tmpDir)
+
+	cb := NewContextBuilder(tmpDir)
+	definition := cb.LoadAgentDefinition()
+
+	if definition.Agent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected AGENT.md definition to be loaded")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(definition.Agent.Body, "Keep going.") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected AGENT.md body to be preserved, got %q", definition.Agent.Body)
+	}
+	if definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Name != "" ||
+		definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Description != "" ||
+		definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Model != "" ||
+		definition.Agent.Frontmatter.MaxTurns != nil ||
+		len(definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Tools) != 0 ||
+		len(definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Skills) != 0 ||
+		len(definition.Agent.Frontmatter.MCPServers) != 0 ||
+		len(definition.Agent.Frontmatter.Fields) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected invalid frontmatter to decode as empty struct, got %+v", definition.Agent.Frontmatter)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadBootstrapFilesUsesAgentBodyNotFrontmatter(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := setupWorkspace(t, map[string]string{
+		"AGENT.md": `---
+name: pico
+model: codex-mini
+---
+# Agent
+
+Follow the body prompt.
+`,
+		"SOUL.md":     "# Soul\nSpeak plainly.",
+		"IDENTITY.md": "# Identity\nWorkspace identity.",
+	})
+	defer cleanupWorkspace(t, tmpDir)
+
+	cb := NewContextBuilder(tmpDir)
+	bootstrap := cb.LoadBootstrapFiles()
+
+	if !strings.Contains(bootstrap, "Follow the body prompt") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected AGENT.md body in bootstrap, got %q", bootstrap)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(bootstrap, "Speak plainly") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected resolved soul content in bootstrap, got %q", bootstrap)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(bootstrap, "name: pico") {
+		t.Fatalf("bootstrap should not expose raw frontmatter, got %q", bootstrap)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(bootstrap, "model: codex-mini") {
+		t.Fatalf("bootstrap should not expose raw frontmatter, got %q", bootstrap)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(bootstrap, "SOUL.md") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected bootstrap to label SOUL.md, got %q", bootstrap)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(bootstrap, "Workspace identity") {
+		t.Fatalf("structured bootstrap should ignore IDENTITY.md, got %q", bootstrap)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadBootstrapFilesIncludesWorkspaceUserMarkdown(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := setupWorkspace(t, map[string]string{
+		"AGENT.md": "# Agent\nFollow the new structure.",
+		"SOUL.md":  "# Soul\nSpeak plainly.",
+		"USER.md":  "# User\nShared profile.",
+	})
+	defer cleanupWorkspace(t, tmpDir)
+
+	cb := NewContextBuilder(tmpDir)
+	bootstrap := cb.LoadBootstrapFiles()
+
+	if !strings.Contains(bootstrap, "Shared profile") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected workspace USER.md in bootstrap, got %q", bootstrap)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(bootstrap, "## USER.md") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected USER.md heading in bootstrap, got %q", bootstrap)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStructuredAgentIgnoresIdentityChanges(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := setupWorkspace(t, map[string]string{
+		"AGENT.md":    "# Agent\nFollow the new structure.",
+		"SOUL.md":     "# Soul\nVersion one.",
+		"IDENTITY.md": "# Identity\nLegacy identity.",
+	})
+	defer cleanupWorkspace(t, tmpDir)
+
+	cb := NewContextBuilder(tmpDir)
+
+	promptV1 := cb.BuildSystemPromptWithCache()
+	if strings.Contains(promptV1, "Legacy identity") {
+		t.Fatalf("structured prompt should not include IDENTITY.md, got %q", promptV1)
+	}
+
+	identityPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "IDENTITY.md")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(identityPath, []byte("# Identity\nVersion two."), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	future := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)
+	if err := os.Chtimes(identityPath, future, future); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	cb.systemPromptMutex.RLock()
+	changed := cb.sourceFilesChangedLocked()
+	cb.systemPromptMutex.RUnlock()
+	if changed {
+		t.Fatal("IDENTITY.md should not invalidate cache for structured agent definitions")
+	}
+
+	promptV2 := cb.BuildSystemPromptWithCache()
+	if promptV1 != promptV2 {
+		t.Fatal("structured prompt should remain stable after IDENTITY.md changes")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStructuredAgentUserChangesInvalidateCache(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := setupWorkspace(t, map[string]string{
+		"AGENT.md": "# Agent\nFollow the new structure.",
+		"SOUL.md":  "# Soul\nVersion one.",
+		"USER.md":  "# User\nInitial workspace preferences.",
+	})
+	defer cleanupWorkspace(t, tmpDir)
+
+	cb := NewContextBuilder(tmpDir)
+
+	promptV1 := cb.BuildSystemPromptWithCache()
+	if !strings.Contains(promptV1, "Initial workspace preferences") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected workspace USER.md in prompt, got %q", promptV1)
+	}
+
+	userPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "USER.md")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(userPath, []byte("# User\nUpdated workspace preferences."), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	future := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)
+	if err := os.Chtimes(userPath, future, future); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	cb.systemPromptMutex.RLock()
+	changed := cb.sourceFilesChangedLocked()
+	cb.systemPromptMutex.RUnlock()
+	if !changed {
+		t.Fatal("workspace USER.md changes should invalidate cache")
+	}
+
+	promptV2 := cb.BuildSystemPromptWithCache()
+	if !strings.Contains(promptV2, "Updated workspace preferences") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected updated workspace USER.md in prompt, got %q", promptV2)
+	}
+}
+
+func cleanupWorkspace(t *testing.T, path string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(path); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to clean up workspace %s: %v", path, err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/eventbus.go b/pkg/agent/eventbus.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..546d8436d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/eventbus.go
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const defaultEventSubscriberBuffer = 16
+
+// EventSubscription identifies a subscriber channel returned by EventBus.Subscribe.
+type EventSubscription struct {
+	ID uint64
+	C  <-chan Event
+}
+
+type eventSubscriber struct {
+	ch chan Event
+}
+
+// EventBus is a lightweight multi-subscriber broadcaster for agent-loop events.
+type EventBus struct {
+	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	subs    map[uint64]eventSubscriber
+	nextID  uint64
+	closed  bool
+	dropped [eventKindCount]atomic.Int64
+}
+
+// NewEventBus creates a new in-process event broadcaster.
+func NewEventBus() *EventBus {
+	return &EventBus{
+		subs: make(map[uint64]eventSubscriber),
+	}
+}
+
+// Subscribe registers a new subscriber with the requested channel buffer size.
+// A non-positive buffer uses the default size.
+func (b *EventBus) Subscribe(buffer int) EventSubscription {
+	if buffer <= 0 {
+		buffer = defaultEventSubscriberBuffer
+	}
+
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if b.closed {
+		ch := make(chan Event)
+		close(ch)
+		return EventSubscription{C: ch}
+	}
+
+	b.nextID++
+	id := b.nextID
+	ch := make(chan Event, buffer)
+	b.subs[id] = eventSubscriber{ch: ch}
+	return EventSubscription{ID: id, C: ch}
+}
+
+// Unsubscribe removes a subscriber and closes its channel.
+func (b *EventBus) Unsubscribe(id uint64) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	sub, ok := b.subs[id]
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+
+	delete(b.subs, id)
+	close(sub.ch)
+}
+
+// Emit broadcasts an event to all current subscribers without blocking.
+// When a subscriber channel is full, the event is dropped for that subscriber.
+func (b *EventBus) Emit(evt Event) {
+	if evt.Time.IsZero() {
+		evt.Time = time.Now()
+	}
+
+	b.mu.RLock()
+	defer b.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if b.closed {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, sub := range b.subs {
+		select {
+		case sub.ch <- evt:
+		default:
+			if evt.Kind < eventKindCount {
+				b.dropped[evt.Kind].Add(1)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Dropped returns the number of dropped events for a given kind.
+func (b *EventBus) Dropped(kind EventKind) int64 {
+	if kind >= eventKindCount {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return b.dropped[kind].Load()
+}
+
+// Close closes all subscriber channels and stops future broadcasts.
+func (b *EventBus) Close() {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if b.closed {
+		return
+	}
+
+	b.closed = true
+	for id, sub := range b.subs {
+		close(sub.ch)
+		delete(b.subs, id)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/eventbus_test.go b/pkg/agent/eventbus_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19a1ea9eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/eventbus_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,684 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"slices"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/tools"
+)
+
+func TestEventBus_SubscribeEmitUnsubscribeClose(t *testing.T) {
+	eventBus := NewEventBus()
+	sub := eventBus.Subscribe(1)
+
+	eventBus.Emit(Event{
+		Kind: EventKindTurnStart,
+		Meta: EventMeta{TurnID: "turn-1"},
+	})
+
+	select {
+	case evt := <-sub.C:
+		if evt.Kind != EventKindTurnStart {
+			t.Fatalf("expected %v, got %v", EventKindTurnStart, evt.Kind)
+		}
+		if evt.Meta.TurnID != "turn-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected turn id turn-1, got %q", evt.Meta.TurnID)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for event")
+	}
+
+	eventBus.Unsubscribe(sub.ID)
+	if _, ok := <-sub.C; ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected subscriber channel to be closed after unsubscribe")
+	}
+
+	eventBus.Close()
+	closedSub := eventBus.Subscribe(1)
+	if _, ok := <-closedSub.C; ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected closed bus to return a closed subscriber channel")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventBus_DropsWhenSubscriberIsFull(t *testing.T) {
+	eventBus := NewEventBus()
+	sub := eventBus.Subscribe(1)
+	defer eventBus.Unsubscribe(sub.ID)
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
+		eventBus.Emit(Event{Kind: EventKindLLMRequest})
+	}
+
+	if elapsed := time.Since(start); elapsed > 100*time.Millisecond {
+		t.Fatalf("Emit took too long with a blocked subscriber: %s", elapsed)
+	}
+
+	if got := eventBus.Dropped(EventKindLLMRequest); got != 999 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 999 dropped events, got %d", got)
+	}
+}
+
+type scriptedToolProvider struct {
+	calls int
+}
+
+func (m *scriptedToolProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	toolDefs []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	m.calls++
+	if m.calls == 1 {
+		return &providers.LLMResponse{
+			ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+				{
+					ID:        "call-1",
+					Name:      "mock_custom",
+					Arguments: map[string]any{"task": "ping"},
+				},
+			},
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{
+		Content: "done",
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *scriptedToolProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "scripted-tool-model"
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_EmitsMinimalTurnEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-eventbus-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &scriptedToolProvider{}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+	al.RegisterTool(&mockCustomTool{})
+	defaultAgent := al.registry.GetDefaultAgent()
+	if defaultAgent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected default agent")
+	}
+
+	sub := al.SubscribeEvents(16)
+	defer al.UnsubscribeEvents(sub.ID)
+
+	response, err := al.runAgentLoop(context.Background(), defaultAgent, processOptions{
+		SessionKey:      "session-1",
+		Channel:         "cli",
+		ChatID:          "direct",
+		UserMessage:     "run tool",
+		DefaultResponse: defaultResponse,
+		EnableSummary:   false,
+		SendResponse:    false,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runAgentLoop failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if response != "done" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected final response 'done', got %q", response)
+	}
+
+	events := collectEventStream(sub.C)
+	if len(events) != 8 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 8 events, got %d", len(events))
+	}
+
+	kinds := make([]EventKind, 0, len(events))
+	for _, evt := range events {
+		kinds = append(kinds, evt.Kind)
+	}
+
+	expectedKinds := []EventKind{
+		EventKindTurnStart,
+		EventKindLLMRequest,
+		EventKindLLMResponse,
+		EventKindToolExecStart,
+		EventKindToolExecEnd,
+		EventKindLLMRequest,
+		EventKindLLMResponse,
+		EventKindTurnEnd,
+	}
+	if !slices.Equal(kinds, expectedKinds) {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected event sequence: got %v want %v", kinds, expectedKinds)
+	}
+
+	turnID := events[0].Meta.TurnID
+	for i, evt := range events {
+		if evt.Meta.TurnID != turnID {
+			t.Fatalf("event %d has mismatched turn id %q, want %q", i, evt.Meta.TurnID, turnID)
+		}
+		if evt.Meta.SessionKey != "session-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("event %d has session key %q, want session-1", i, evt.Meta.SessionKey)
+		}
+	}
+
+	startPayload, ok := events[0].Payload.(TurnStartPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected TurnStartPayload, got %T", events[0].Payload)
+	}
+	if startPayload.UserMessage != "run tool" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected user message 'run tool', got %q", startPayload.UserMessage)
+	}
+
+	toolStartPayload, ok := events[3].Payload.(ToolExecStartPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ToolExecStartPayload, got %T", events[3].Payload)
+	}
+	if toolStartPayload.Tool != "mock_custom" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tool name mock_custom, got %q", toolStartPayload.Tool)
+	}
+
+	toolEndPayload, ok := events[4].Payload.(ToolExecEndPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ToolExecEndPayload, got %T", events[4].Payload)
+	}
+	if toolEndPayload.Tool != "mock_custom" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tool end payload for mock_custom, got %q", toolEndPayload.Tool)
+	}
+	if toolEndPayload.IsError {
+		t.Fatal("expected mock_custom tool to succeed")
+	}
+
+	turnEndPayload, ok := events[len(events)-1].Payload.(TurnEndPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected TurnEndPayload, got %T", events[len(events)-1].Payload)
+	}
+	if turnEndPayload.Status != TurnEndStatusCompleted {
+		t.Fatalf("expected completed turn, got %q", turnEndPayload.Status)
+	}
+	if turnEndPayload.Iterations != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 iterations, got %d", turnEndPayload.Iterations)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_EmitsSteeringAndSkippedToolEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-eventbus-steering-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tool1ExecCh := make(chan struct{})
+	tool1 := &slowTool{name: "tool_one", duration: 50 * time.Millisecond, execCh: tool1ExecCh}
+	tool2 := &slowTool{name: "tool_two", duration: 50 * time.Millisecond}
+
+	provider := &toolCallProvider{
+		toolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+			{
+				ID:   "call_1",
+				Type: "function",
+				Name: "tool_one",
+				Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "tool_one",
+					Arguments: "{}",
+				},
+				Arguments: map[string]any{},
+			},
+			{
+				ID:   "call_2",
+				Type: "function",
+				Name: "tool_two",
+				Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "tool_two",
+					Arguments: "{}",
+				},
+				Arguments: map[string]any{},
+			},
+		},
+		finalResp: "steered response",
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+	al.RegisterTool(tool1)
+	al.RegisterTool(tool2)
+
+	sub := al.SubscribeEvents(32)
+	defer al.UnsubscribeEvents(sub.ID)
+
+	resultCh := make(chan string, 1)
+	go func() {
+		resp, _ := al.ProcessDirectWithChannel(context.Background(), "do something", "test-session", "test", "chat1")
+		resultCh <- resp
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-tool1ExecCh:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for tool_one to start")
+	}
+
+	if err := al.Steer(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "change course"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Steer failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case resp := <-resultCh:
+		if resp != "steered response" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected steered response, got %q", resp)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for steered response")
+	}
+
+	events := collectEventStream(sub.C)
+	steeringEvt, ok := findEvent(events, EventKindSteeringInjected)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected steering injected event")
+	}
+	steeringPayload, ok := steeringEvt.Payload.(SteeringInjectedPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected SteeringInjectedPayload, got %T", steeringEvt.Payload)
+	}
+	if steeringPayload.Count != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 steering message, got %d", steeringPayload.Count)
+	}
+
+	skippedEvt, ok := findEvent(events, EventKindToolExecSkipped)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected skipped tool event")
+	}
+	skippedPayload, ok := skippedEvt.Payload.(ToolExecSkippedPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ToolExecSkippedPayload, got %T", skippedEvt.Payload)
+	}
+	if skippedPayload.Tool != "tool_two" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected skipped tool_two, got %q", skippedPayload.Tool)
+	}
+
+	interruptEvt, ok := findEvent(events, EventKindInterruptReceived)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected interrupt received event")
+	}
+	interruptPayload, ok := interruptEvt.Payload.(InterruptReceivedPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected InterruptReceivedPayload, got %T", interruptEvt.Payload)
+	}
+	if interruptPayload.Role != "user" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected interrupt role user, got %q", interruptPayload.Role)
+	}
+	if interruptPayload.Kind != InterruptKindSteering {
+		t.Fatalf("expected steering interrupt kind, got %q", interruptPayload.Kind)
+	}
+	if interruptPayload.ContentLen != len("change course") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected interrupt content len %d, got %d", len("change course"), interruptPayload.ContentLen)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_EmitsContextCompressEventOnRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-eventbus-compress-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	contextErr := stringError("InvalidParameter: Total tokens of image and text exceed max message tokens")
+	provider := &failFirstMockProvider{
+		failures:    1,
+		failError:   contextErr,
+		successResp: "Recovered from context error",
+	}
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+	defaultAgent := al.registry.GetDefaultAgent()
+	if defaultAgent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected default agent")
+	}
+
+	defaultAgent.Sessions.SetHistory("session-1", []providers.Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "Old message 1"},
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "Old response 1"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "Old message 2"},
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "Old response 2"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "Trigger message"},
+	})
+
+	sub := al.SubscribeEvents(16)
+	defer al.UnsubscribeEvents(sub.ID)
+
+	resp, err := al.runAgentLoop(context.Background(), defaultAgent, processOptions{
+		SessionKey:      "session-1",
+		Channel:         "cli",
+		ChatID:          "direct",
+		UserMessage:     "Trigger message",
+		DefaultResponse: defaultResponse,
+		EnableSummary:   false,
+		SendResponse:    false,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runAgentLoop failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp != "Recovered from context error" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected retry success, got %q", resp)
+	}
+
+	events := collectEventStream(sub.C)
+	retryEvt, ok := findEvent(events, EventKindLLMRetry)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected llm retry event")
+	}
+	retryPayload, ok := retryEvt.Payload.(LLMRetryPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected LLMRetryPayload, got %T", retryEvt.Payload)
+	}
+	if retryPayload.Reason != "context_limit" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected context_limit retry reason, got %q", retryPayload.Reason)
+	}
+	if retryPayload.Attempt != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected retry attempt 1, got %d", retryPayload.Attempt)
+	}
+
+	compressEvt, ok := findEvent(events, EventKindContextCompress)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected context compress event")
+	}
+	payload, ok := compressEvt.Payload.(ContextCompressPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ContextCompressPayload, got %T", compressEvt.Payload)
+	}
+	if payload.Reason != ContextCompressReasonRetry {
+		t.Fatalf("expected retry compress reason, got %q", payload.Reason)
+	}
+	if payload.DroppedMessages == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected dropped messages to be recorded")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_EmitsSessionSummarizeEvent(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-eventbus-summary-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:                 tmpDir,
+				ModelName:                 "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:                 4096,
+				MaxToolIterations:         10,
+				ContextWindow:             8000,
+				SummarizeMessageThreshold: 2,
+				SummarizeTokenPercent:     75,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, &simpleMockProvider{response: "summary text"})
+	defaultAgent := al.registry.GetDefaultAgent()
+	if defaultAgent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected default agent")
+	}
+
+	defaultAgent.Sessions.SetHistory("session-1", []providers.Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "Question one"},
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "Answer one"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "Question two"},
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "Answer two"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "Question three"},
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "Answer three"},
+	})
+
+	sub := al.SubscribeEvents(16)
+	defer al.UnsubscribeEvents(sub.ID)
+
+	turnScope := al.newTurnEventScope(defaultAgent.ID, "session-1")
+	al.summarizeSession(defaultAgent, "session-1", turnScope)
+
+	events := collectEventStream(sub.C)
+	summaryEvt, ok := findEvent(events, EventKindSessionSummarize)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected session summarize event")
+	}
+	payload, ok := summaryEvt.Payload.(SessionSummarizePayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected SessionSummarizePayload, got %T", summaryEvt.Payload)
+	}
+	if payload.SummaryLen == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-empty summary length")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_EmitsFollowUpQueuedEvent(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-eventbus-followup-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	provider := &toolCallProvider{
+		toolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+			{
+				ID:   "call_async_1",
+				Type: "function",
+				Name: "async_followup",
+				Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "async_followup",
+					Arguments: "{}",
+				},
+				Arguments: map[string]any{},
+			},
+		},
+		finalResp: "async launched",
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+	doneCh := make(chan struct{})
+	al.RegisterTool(&asyncFollowUpTool{
+		name:          "async_followup",
+		followUpText:  "background result",
+		completionSig: doneCh,
+	})
+	defaultAgent := al.registry.GetDefaultAgent()
+	if defaultAgent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected default agent")
+	}
+
+	sub := al.SubscribeEvents(32)
+	defer al.UnsubscribeEvents(sub.ID)
+
+	resp, err := al.runAgentLoop(context.Background(), defaultAgent, processOptions{
+		SessionKey:      "session-1",
+		Channel:         "cli",
+		ChatID:          "direct",
+		UserMessage:     "run async tool",
+		DefaultResponse: defaultResponse,
+		EnableSummary:   false,
+		SendResponse:    false,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runAgentLoop failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp != "async launched" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected final response 'async launched', got %q", resp)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-doneCh:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for async tool completion")
+	}
+
+	followUpEvt := waitForEvent(t, sub.C, 2*time.Second, func(evt Event) bool {
+		return evt.Kind == EventKindFollowUpQueued
+	})
+	payload, ok := followUpEvt.Payload.(FollowUpQueuedPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected FollowUpQueuedPayload, got %T", followUpEvt.Payload)
+	}
+	if payload.SourceTool != "async_followup" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected source tool async_followup, got %q", payload.SourceTool)
+	}
+	if payload.Channel != "cli" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected channel cli, got %q", payload.Channel)
+	}
+	if payload.ChatID != "direct" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected chat id direct, got %q", payload.ChatID)
+	}
+	if payload.ContentLen != len("background result") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected content len %d, got %d", len("background result"), payload.ContentLen)
+	}
+	if followUpEvt.Meta.SessionKey != "session-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected session key session-1, got %q", followUpEvt.Meta.SessionKey)
+	}
+	if followUpEvt.Meta.TurnID == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected follow-up event to include turn id")
+	}
+}
+
+func collectEventStream(ch <-chan Event) []Event {
+	var events []Event
+	for {
+		select {
+		case evt, ok := <-ch:
+			if !ok {
+				return events
+			}
+			events = append(events, evt)
+		default:
+			return events
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func waitForEvent(t *testing.T, ch <-chan Event, timeout time.Duration, match func(Event) bool) Event {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	timer := time.NewTimer(timeout)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case evt, ok := <-ch:
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatal("event stream closed before expected event arrived")
+			}
+			if match(evt) {
+				return evt
+			}
+		case <-timer.C:
+			t.Fatal("timed out waiting for expected event")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func findEvent(events []Event, kind EventKind) (Event, bool) {
+	for _, evt := range events {
+		if evt.Kind == kind {
+			return evt, true
+		}
+	}
+	return Event{}, false
+}
+
+type stringError string
+
+func (e stringError) Error() string {
+	return string(e)
+}
+
+type asyncFollowUpTool struct {
+	name          string
+	followUpText  string
+	completionSig chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (t *asyncFollowUpTool) Name() string {
+	return t.name
+}
+
+func (t *asyncFollowUpTool) Description() string {
+	return "async follow-up tool for testing"
+}
+
+func (t *asyncFollowUpTool) Parameters() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"type":       "object",
+		"properties": map[string]any{},
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *asyncFollowUpTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *tools.ToolResult {
+	return tools.AsyncResult("async follow-up scheduled")
+}
+
+func (t *asyncFollowUpTool) ExecuteAsync(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	args map[string]any,
+	cb tools.AsyncCallback,
+) *tools.ToolResult {
+	go func() {
+		cb(ctx, &tools.ToolResult{ForLLM: t.followUpText})
+		if t.completionSig != nil {
+			close(t.completionSig)
+		}
+	}()
+	return tools.AsyncResult("async follow-up scheduled")
+}
+
+var (
+	_ tools.Tool          = (*mockCustomTool)(nil)
+	_ tools.AsyncExecutor = (*asyncFollowUpTool)(nil)
+)
diff --git a/pkg/agent/events.go b/pkg/agent/events.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4562b360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/events.go
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// EventKind identifies a structured agent-loop event.
+type EventKind uint8
+
+const (
+	// EventKindTurnStart is emitted when a turn begins processing.
+	EventKindTurnStart EventKind = iota
+	// EventKindTurnEnd is emitted when a turn finishes, successfully or with an error.
+	EventKindTurnEnd
+	// EventKindLLMRequest is emitted before a provider chat request is made.
+	EventKindLLMRequest
+	// EventKindLLMDelta is emitted when a streaming provider yields a partial delta.
+	EventKindLLMDelta
+	// EventKindLLMResponse is emitted after a provider chat response is received.
+	EventKindLLMResponse
+	// EventKindLLMRetry is emitted when an LLM request is retried.
+	EventKindLLMRetry
+	// EventKindContextCompress is emitted when session history is forcibly compressed.
+	EventKindContextCompress
+	// EventKindSessionSummarize is emitted when asynchronous summarization completes.
+	EventKindSessionSummarize
+	// EventKindToolExecStart is emitted immediately before a tool executes.
+	EventKindToolExecStart
+	// EventKindToolExecEnd is emitted immediately after a tool finishes executing.
+	EventKindToolExecEnd
+	// EventKindToolExecSkipped is emitted when a queued tool call is skipped.
+	EventKindToolExecSkipped
+	// EventKindSteeringInjected is emitted when queued steering is injected into context.
+	EventKindSteeringInjected
+	// EventKindFollowUpQueued is emitted when an async tool queues a follow-up system message.
+	EventKindFollowUpQueued
+	// EventKindInterruptReceived is emitted when a soft interrupt message is accepted.
+	EventKindInterruptReceived
+	// EventKindSubTurnSpawn is emitted when a sub-turn is spawned.
+	EventKindSubTurnSpawn
+	// EventKindSubTurnEnd is emitted when a sub-turn finishes.
+	EventKindSubTurnEnd
+	// EventKindSubTurnResultDelivered is emitted when a sub-turn result is delivered.
+	EventKindSubTurnResultDelivered
+	// EventKindSubTurnOrphan is emitted when a sub-turn result cannot be delivered.
+	EventKindSubTurnOrphan
+	// EventKindError is emitted when a turn encounters an execution error.
+	EventKindError
+
+	eventKindCount
+)
+
+var eventKindNames = [...]string{
+	"turn_start",
+	"turn_end",
+	"llm_request",
+	"llm_delta",
+	"llm_response",
+	"llm_retry",
+	"context_compress",
+	"session_summarize",
+	"tool_exec_start",
+	"tool_exec_end",
+	"tool_exec_skipped",
+	"steering_injected",
+	"follow_up_queued",
+	"interrupt_received",
+	"subturn_spawn",
+	"subturn_end",
+	"subturn_result_delivered",
+	"subturn_orphan",
+	"error",
+}
+
+// String returns the stable string form of an EventKind.
+func (k EventKind) String() string {
+	if k >= eventKindCount {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("event_kind(%d)", k)
+	}
+	return eventKindNames[k]
+}
+
+// Event is the structured envelope broadcast by the agent EventBus.
+type Event struct {
+	Kind    EventKind
+	Time    time.Time
+	Meta    EventMeta
+	Payload any
+}
+
+// EventMeta contains correlation fields shared by all agent-loop events.
+type EventMeta struct {
+	AgentID      string
+	TurnID       string
+	ParentTurnID string
+	SessionKey   string
+	Iteration    int
+	TracePath    string
+	Source       string
+}
+
+// TurnEndStatus describes the terminal state of a turn.
+type TurnEndStatus string
+
+const (
+	// TurnEndStatusCompleted indicates the turn finished normally.
+	TurnEndStatusCompleted TurnEndStatus = "completed"
+	// TurnEndStatusError indicates the turn ended because of an error.
+	TurnEndStatusError TurnEndStatus = "error"
+	// TurnEndStatusAborted indicates the turn was hard-aborted and rolled back.
+	TurnEndStatusAborted TurnEndStatus = "aborted"
+)
+
+// TurnStartPayload describes the start of a turn.
+type TurnStartPayload struct {
+	Channel     string
+	ChatID      string
+	UserMessage string
+	MediaCount  int
+}
+
+// TurnEndPayload describes the completion of a turn.
+type TurnEndPayload struct {
+	Status          TurnEndStatus
+	Iterations      int
+	Duration        time.Duration
+	FinalContentLen int
+}
+
+// LLMRequestPayload describes an outbound LLM request.
+type LLMRequestPayload struct {
+	Model         string
+	MessagesCount int
+	ToolsCount    int
+	MaxTokens     int
+	Temperature   float64
+}
+
+// LLMResponsePayload describes an inbound LLM response.
+type LLMResponsePayload struct {
+	ContentLen   int
+	ToolCalls    int
+	HasReasoning bool
+}
+
+// LLMDeltaPayload describes a streamed LLM delta.
+type LLMDeltaPayload struct {
+	ContentDeltaLen   int
+	ReasoningDeltaLen int
+}
+
+// LLMRetryPayload describes a retry of an LLM request.
+type LLMRetryPayload struct {
+	Attempt    int
+	MaxRetries int
+	Reason     string
+	Error      string
+	Backoff    time.Duration
+}
+
+// ContextCompressReason identifies why emergency compression ran.
+type ContextCompressReason string
+
+const (
+	// ContextCompressReasonProactive indicates compression before the first LLM call.
+	ContextCompressReasonProactive ContextCompressReason = "proactive_budget"
+	// ContextCompressReasonRetry indicates compression during context-error retry handling.
+	ContextCompressReasonRetry ContextCompressReason = "llm_retry"
+)
+
+// ContextCompressPayload describes a forced history compression.
+type ContextCompressPayload struct {
+	Reason            ContextCompressReason
+	DroppedMessages   int
+	RemainingMessages int
+}
+
+// SessionSummarizePayload describes a completed async session summarization.
+type SessionSummarizePayload struct {
+	SummarizedMessages int
+	KeptMessages       int
+	SummaryLen         int
+	OmittedOversized   bool
+}
+
+// ToolExecStartPayload describes a tool execution request.
+type ToolExecStartPayload struct {
+	Tool      string
+	Arguments map[string]any
+}
+
+// ToolExecEndPayload describes the outcome of a tool execution.
+type ToolExecEndPayload struct {
+	Tool       string
+	Duration   time.Duration
+	ForLLMLen  int
+	ForUserLen int
+	IsError    bool
+	Async      bool
+}
+
+// ToolExecSkippedPayload describes a skipped tool call.
+type ToolExecSkippedPayload struct {
+	Tool   string
+	Reason string
+}
+
+// SteeringInjectedPayload describes steering messages appended before the next LLM call.
+type SteeringInjectedPayload struct {
+	Count           int
+	TotalContentLen int
+}
+
+// FollowUpQueuedPayload describes an async follow-up queued back into the inbound bus.
+type FollowUpQueuedPayload struct {
+	SourceTool string
+	Channel    string
+	ChatID     string
+	ContentLen int
+}
+
+type InterruptKind string
+
+const (
+	InterruptKindSteering InterruptKind = "steering"
+	InterruptKindGraceful InterruptKind = "graceful"
+	InterruptKindHard     InterruptKind = "hard_abort"
+)
+
+// InterruptReceivedPayload describes accepted turn-control input.
+type InterruptReceivedPayload struct {
+	Kind       InterruptKind
+	Role       string
+	ContentLen int
+	QueueDepth int
+	HintLen    int
+}
+
+// SubTurnSpawnPayload describes the creation of a child turn.
+type SubTurnSpawnPayload struct {
+	AgentID      string
+	Label        string
+	ParentTurnID string
+}
+
+// SubTurnEndPayload describes the completion of a child turn.
+type SubTurnEndPayload struct {
+	AgentID string
+	Status  string
+}
+
+// SubTurnResultDeliveredPayload describes delivery of a sub-turn result.
+type SubTurnResultDeliveredPayload struct {
+	TargetChannel string
+	TargetChatID  string
+	ContentLen    int
+}
+
+// SubTurnOrphanPayload describes a sub-turn result that could not be delivered.
+type SubTurnOrphanPayload struct {
+	ParentTurnID string
+	ChildTurnID  string
+	Reason       string
+}
+
+// ErrorPayload describes an execution error inside the agent loop.
+type ErrorPayload struct {
+	Stage   string
+	Message string
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/hook_mount.go b/pkg/agent/hook_mount.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c92145f1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/hook_mount.go
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+type hookRuntime struct {
+	initOnce sync.Once
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	initErr  error
+	mounted  []string
+}
+
+func (r *hookRuntime) setInitErr(err error) {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	r.initErr = err
+	r.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (r *hookRuntime) getInitErr() error {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	return r.initErr
+}
+
+func (r *hookRuntime) setMounted(names []string) {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	r.mounted = append([]string(nil), names...)
+	r.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (r *hookRuntime) reset(al *AgentLoop) {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	names := append([]string(nil), r.mounted...)
+	r.mounted = nil
+	r.initErr = nil
+	r.initOnce = sync.Once{}
+	r.mu.Unlock()
+
+	for _, name := range names {
+		al.UnmountHook(name)
+	}
+}
+
+// BuiltinHookFactory constructs an in-process hook from config.
+type BuiltinHookFactory func(ctx context.Context, spec config.BuiltinHookConfig) (any, error)
+
+var (
+	builtinHookRegistryMu sync.RWMutex
+	builtinHookRegistry   = map[string]BuiltinHookFactory{}
+)
+
+// RegisterBuiltinHook registers a named in-process hook factory for config-driven mounting.
+func RegisterBuiltinHook(name string, factory BuiltinHookFactory) error {
+	if name == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("builtin hook name is required")
+	}
+	if factory == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("builtin hook %q factory is nil", name)
+	}
+
+	builtinHookRegistryMu.Lock()
+	defer builtinHookRegistryMu.Unlock()
+
+	if _, exists := builtinHookRegistry[name]; exists {
+		return fmt.Errorf("builtin hook %q is already registered", name)
+	}
+	builtinHookRegistry[name] = factory
+	return nil
+}
+
+func unregisterBuiltinHook(name string) {
+	if name == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	builtinHookRegistryMu.Lock()
+	delete(builtinHookRegistry, name)
+	builtinHookRegistryMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func lookupBuiltinHook(name string) (BuiltinHookFactory, bool) {
+	builtinHookRegistryMu.RLock()
+	defer builtinHookRegistryMu.RUnlock()
+
+	factory, ok := builtinHookRegistry[name]
+	return factory, ok
+}
+
+func configureHookManagerFromConfig(hm *HookManager, cfg *config.Config) {
+	if hm == nil || cfg == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	hm.ConfigureTimeouts(
+		hookTimeoutFromMS(cfg.Hooks.Defaults.ObserverTimeoutMS),
+		hookTimeoutFromMS(cfg.Hooks.Defaults.InterceptorTimeoutMS),
+		hookTimeoutFromMS(cfg.Hooks.Defaults.ApprovalTimeoutMS),
+	)
+}
+
+func hookTimeoutFromMS(ms int) time.Duration {
+	if ms <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return time.Duration(ms) * time.Millisecond
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) ensureHooksInitialized(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if al == nil || al.cfg == nil || al.hooks == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	al.hookRuntime.initOnce.Do(func() {
+		al.hookRuntime.setInitErr(al.loadConfiguredHooks(ctx))
+	})
+
+	return al.hookRuntime.getInitErr()
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) loadConfiguredHooks(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
+	if al == nil || al.cfg == nil || !al.cfg.Hooks.Enabled {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	mounted := make([]string, 0)
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			for _, name := range mounted {
+				al.UnmountHook(name)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		al.hookRuntime.setMounted(mounted)
+	}()
+
+	builtinNames := enabledBuiltinHookNames(al.cfg.Hooks.Builtins)
+	for _, name := range builtinNames {
+		spec := al.cfg.Hooks.Builtins[name]
+		factory, ok := lookupBuiltinHook(name)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("builtin hook %q is not registered", name)
+		}
+
+		hook, factoryErr := factory(ctx, spec)
+		if factoryErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("build builtin hook %q: %w", name, factoryErr)
+		}
+		if err := al.MountHook(HookRegistration{
+			Name:     name,
+			Priority: spec.Priority,
+			Source:   HookSourceInProcess,
+			Hook:     hook,
+		}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("mount builtin hook %q: %w", name, err)
+		}
+		mounted = append(mounted, name)
+	}
+
+	processNames := enabledProcessHookNames(al.cfg.Hooks.Processes)
+	for _, name := range processNames {
+		spec := al.cfg.Hooks.Processes[name]
+		opts, buildErr := processHookOptionsFromConfig(spec)
+		if buildErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("configure process hook %q: %w", name, buildErr)
+		}
+
+		processHook, buildErr := NewProcessHook(ctx, name, opts)
+		if buildErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("start process hook %q: %w", name, buildErr)
+		}
+		if err := al.MountHook(HookRegistration{
+			Name:     name,
+			Priority: spec.Priority,
+			Source:   HookSourceProcess,
+			Hook:     processHook,
+		}); err != nil {
+			_ = processHook.Close()
+			return fmt.Errorf("mount process hook %q: %w", name, err)
+		}
+		mounted = append(mounted, name)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func enabledBuiltinHookNames(specs map[string]config.BuiltinHookConfig) []string {
+	if len(specs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(specs))
+	for name, spec := range specs {
+		if spec.Enabled {
+			names = append(names, name)
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Strings(names)
+	return names
+}
+
+func enabledProcessHookNames(specs map[string]config.ProcessHookConfig) []string {
+	if len(specs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(specs))
+	for name, spec := range specs {
+		if spec.Enabled {
+			names = append(names, name)
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Strings(names)
+	return names
+}
+
+func processHookOptionsFromConfig(spec config.ProcessHookConfig) (ProcessHookOptions, error) {
+	transport := spec.Transport
+	if transport == "" {
+		transport = "stdio"
+	}
+	if transport != "stdio" {
+		return ProcessHookOptions{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported transport %q", transport)
+	}
+	if len(spec.Command) == 0 {
+		return ProcessHookOptions{}, fmt.Errorf("command is required")
+	}
+
+	opts := ProcessHookOptions{
+		Command: append([]string(nil), spec.Command...),
+		Dir:     spec.Dir,
+		Env:     processHookEnvFromMap(spec.Env),
+	}
+
+	observeKinds, observeEnabled, err := processHookObserveKindsFromConfig(spec.Observe)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ProcessHookOptions{}, err
+	}
+	opts.Observe = observeEnabled
+	opts.ObserveKinds = observeKinds
+
+	for _, intercept := range spec.Intercept {
+		switch intercept {
+		case "before_llm", "after_llm":
+			opts.InterceptLLM = true
+		case "before_tool", "after_tool":
+			opts.InterceptTool = true
+		case "approve_tool":
+			opts.ApproveTool = true
+		case "":
+			continue
+		default:
+			return ProcessHookOptions{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported intercept %q", intercept)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !opts.Observe && !opts.InterceptLLM && !opts.InterceptTool && !opts.ApproveTool {
+		return ProcessHookOptions{}, fmt.Errorf("no hook modes enabled")
+	}
+
+	return opts, nil
+}
+
+func processHookEnvFromMap(envMap map[string]string) []string {
+	if len(envMap) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(envMap))
+	for key := range envMap {
+		keys = append(keys, key)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+
+	env := make([]string, 0, len(keys))
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		env = append(env, key+"="+envMap[key])
+	}
+	return env
+}
+
+func processHookObserveKindsFromConfig(observe []string) ([]string, bool, error) {
+	if len(observe) == 0 {
+		return nil, false, nil
+	}
+
+	validKinds := validHookEventKinds()
+	normalized := make([]string, 0, len(observe))
+	for _, kind := range observe {
+		switch kind {
+		case "", "*", "all":
+			return nil, true, nil
+		default:
+			if _, ok := validKinds[kind]; !ok {
+				return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("unsupported observe event %q", kind)
+			}
+			normalized = append(normalized, kind)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(normalized) == 0 {
+		return nil, false, nil
+	}
+	return normalized, true, nil
+}
+
+func validHookEventKinds() map[string]struct{} {
+	kinds := make(map[string]struct{}, int(eventKindCount))
+	for kind := EventKind(0); kind < eventKindCount; kind++ {
+		kinds[kind.String()] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return kinds
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/hook_mount_test.go b/pkg/agent/hook_mount_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85d8f5c11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/hook_mount_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+type builtinAutoHookConfig struct {
+	Model  string `json:"model"`
+	Suffix string `json:"suffix"`
+}
+
+type builtinAutoHook struct {
+	model  string
+	suffix string
+}
+
+func (h *builtinAutoHook) BeforeLLM(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	req *LLMHookRequest,
+) (*LLMHookRequest, HookDecision, error) {
+	next := req.Clone()
+	next.Model = h.model
+	return next, HookDecision{Action: HookActionModify}, nil
+}
+
+func (h *builtinAutoHook) AfterLLM(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	resp *LLMHookResponse,
+) (*LLMHookResponse, HookDecision, error) {
+	next := resp.Clone()
+	if next.Response != nil {
+		next.Response.Content += h.suffix
+	}
+	return next, HookDecision{Action: HookActionModify}, nil
+}
+
+func newConfiguredHookLoop(t *testing.T, provider *llmHookTestProvider, hooks config.HooksConfig) *AgentLoop {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         t.TempDir(),
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+		Hooks: hooks,
+	}
+
+	return NewAgentLoop(cfg, bus.NewMessageBus(), provider)
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_ProcessDirectWithChannel_AutoMountsBuiltinHook(t *testing.T) {
+	const hookName = "test-auto-builtin-hook"
+
+	if err := RegisterBuiltinHook(hookName, func(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		spec config.BuiltinHookConfig,
+	) (any, error) {
+		var hookCfg builtinAutoHookConfig
+		if len(spec.Config) > 0 {
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(spec.Config, &hookCfg); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		return &builtinAutoHook{
+			model:  hookCfg.Model,
+			suffix: hookCfg.Suffix,
+		}, nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("RegisterBuiltinHook failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		unregisterBuiltinHook(hookName)
+	})
+
+	rawCfg, err := json.Marshal(builtinAutoHookConfig{
+		Model:  "builtin-model",
+		Suffix: "|builtin",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("json.Marshal failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	provider := &llmHookTestProvider{}
+	al := newConfiguredHookLoop(t, provider, config.HooksConfig{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Builtins: map[string]config.BuiltinHookConfig{
+			hookName: {
+				Enabled: true,
+				Config:  rawCfg,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	defer al.Close()
+
+	resp, err := al.ProcessDirectWithChannel(context.Background(), "hello", "session-1", "cli", "direct")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ProcessDirectWithChannel failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp != "provider content|builtin" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected builtin-hooked content, got %q", resp)
+	}
+
+	provider.mu.Lock()
+	lastModel := provider.lastModel
+	provider.mu.Unlock()
+	if lastModel != "builtin-model" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected builtin model, got %q", lastModel)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_ProcessDirectWithChannel_AutoMountsProcessHook(t *testing.T) {
+	provider := &llmHookTestProvider{}
+	eventLog := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "events.log")
+
+	al := newConfiguredHookLoop(t, provider, config.HooksConfig{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Processes: map[string]config.ProcessHookConfig{
+			"ipc-auto": {
+				Enabled: true,
+				Command: processHookHelperCommand(),
+				Env: map[string]string{
+					"PICOCLAW_HOOK_HELPER":    "1",
+					"PICOCLAW_HOOK_MODE":      "rewrite",
+					"PICOCLAW_HOOK_EVENT_LOG": eventLog,
+				},
+				Observe:   []string{"turn_end"},
+				Intercept: []string{"before_llm", "after_llm"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	defer al.Close()
+
+	resp, err := al.ProcessDirectWithChannel(context.Background(), "hello", "session-1", "cli", "direct")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ProcessDirectWithChannel failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp != "provider content|ipc" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected process-hooked content, got %q", resp)
+	}
+
+	provider.mu.Lock()
+	lastModel := provider.lastModel
+	provider.mu.Unlock()
+	if lastModel != "process-model" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected process model, got %q", lastModel)
+	}
+
+	waitForFileContains(t, eventLog, "turn_end")
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_ProcessDirectWithChannel_InvalidConfiguredHookFails(t *testing.T) {
+	provider := &llmHookTestProvider{}
+	al := newConfiguredHookLoop(t, provider, config.HooksConfig{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Processes: map[string]config.ProcessHookConfig{
+			"bad-hook": {
+				Enabled:   true,
+				Command:   processHookHelperCommand(),
+				Intercept: []string{"not_supported"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	defer al.Close()
+
+	_, err := al.ProcessDirectWithChannel(context.Background(), "hello", "session-1", "cli", "direct")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected invalid configured hook error")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/hook_process.go b/pkg/agent/hook_process.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5632913d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/hook_process.go
@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+const (
+	processHookJSONRPCVersion = "2.0"
+	processHookReadBufferSize = 1024 * 1024
+	processHookCloseTimeout   = 2 * time.Second
+)
+
+type ProcessHookOptions struct {
+	Command       []string
+	Dir           string
+	Env           []string
+	Observe       bool
+	ObserveKinds  []string
+	InterceptLLM  bool
+	InterceptTool bool
+	ApproveTool   bool
+}
+
+type ProcessHook struct {
+	name string
+	opts ProcessHookOptions
+
+	cmd          *exec.Cmd
+	stdin        io.WriteCloser
+	observeKinds map[string]struct{}
+
+	writeMu sync.Mutex
+
+	pendingMu sync.Mutex
+	pending   map[uint64]chan processHookRPCMessage
+	nextID    atomic.Uint64
+
+	closed    atomic.Bool
+	done      chan struct{}
+	closeErr  error
+	closeMu   sync.Mutex
+	closeOnce sync.Once
+}
+
+type processHookRPCMessage struct {
+	JSONRPC string               `json:"jsonrpc,omitempty"`
+	ID      uint64               `json:"id,omitempty"`
+	Method  string               `json:"method,omitempty"`
+	Params  json.RawMessage      `json:"params,omitempty"`
+	Result  json.RawMessage      `json:"result,omitempty"`
+	Error   *processHookRPCError `json:"error,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type processHookRPCError struct {
+	Code    int    `json:"code"`
+	Message string `json:"message"`
+}
+
+type processHookHelloParams struct {
+	Name    string   `json:"name"`
+	Version int      `json:"version"`
+	Modes   []string `json:"modes,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type processHookDecisionResponse struct {
+	Action HookAction `json:"action"`
+	Reason string     `json:"reason,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type processHookBeforeLLMResponse struct {
+	processHookDecisionResponse
+	Request *LLMHookRequest `json:"request,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type processHookAfterLLMResponse struct {
+	processHookDecisionResponse
+	Response *LLMHookResponse `json:"response,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type processHookBeforeToolResponse struct {
+	processHookDecisionResponse
+	Call *ToolCallHookRequest `json:"call,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type processHookAfterToolResponse struct {
+	processHookDecisionResponse
+	Result *ToolResultHookResponse `json:"result,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func NewProcessHook(ctx context.Context, name string, opts ProcessHookOptions) (*ProcessHook, error) {
+	if len(opts.Command) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("process hook command is required")
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.Command(opts.Command[0], opts.Command[1:]...)
+	cmd.Dir = opts.Dir
+	if len(opts.Env) > 0 {
+		cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), opts.Env...)
+	}
+	stdin, err := cmd.StdinPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create process hook stdin: %w", err)
+	}
+	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create process hook stdout: %w", err)
+	}
+	stderr, err := cmd.StderrPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create process hook stderr: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start process hook: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ph := &ProcessHook{
+		name:         name,
+		opts:         opts,
+		cmd:          cmd,
+		stdin:        stdin,
+		observeKinds: newProcessHookObserveKinds(opts.ObserveKinds),
+		pending:      make(map[uint64]chan processHookRPCMessage),
+		done:         make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+
+	go ph.readLoop(stdout)
+	go ph.readStderr(stderr)
+	go ph.waitLoop()
+
+	helloCtx := ctx
+	if helloCtx == nil {
+		var cancel context.CancelFunc
+		helloCtx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+	}
+	if err := ph.hello(helloCtx); err != nil {
+		_ = ph.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return ph, nil
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) Close() error {
+	if ph == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ph.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		ph.closed.Store(true)
+		if ph.stdin != nil {
+			_ = ph.stdin.Close()
+		}
+
+		select {
+		case <-ph.done:
+		case <-time.After(processHookCloseTimeout):
+			if ph.cmd != nil && ph.cmd.Process != nil {
+				_ = ph.cmd.Process.Kill()
+			}
+			<-ph.done
+		}
+	})
+
+	ph.closeMu.Lock()
+	defer ph.closeMu.Unlock()
+	return ph.closeErr
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) OnEvent(ctx context.Context, evt Event) error {
+	if ph == nil || !ph.opts.Observe {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(ph.observeKinds) > 0 {
+		if _, ok := ph.observeKinds[evt.Kind.String()]; !ok {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return ph.notify(ctx, "hook.event", evt)
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) BeforeLLM(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	req *LLMHookRequest,
+) (*LLMHookRequest, HookDecision, error) {
+	if ph == nil || !ph.opts.InterceptLLM {
+		return req, HookDecision{Action: HookActionContinue}, nil
+	}
+
+	var resp processHookBeforeLLMResponse
+	if err := ph.call(ctx, "hook.before_llm", req, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, HookDecision{}, err
+	}
+	if resp.Request == nil {
+		resp.Request = req
+	}
+	return resp.Request, HookDecision{Action: resp.Action, Reason: resp.Reason}, nil
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) AfterLLM(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	resp *LLMHookResponse,
+) (*LLMHookResponse, HookDecision, error) {
+	if ph == nil || !ph.opts.InterceptLLM {
+		return resp, HookDecision{Action: HookActionContinue}, nil
+	}
+
+	var result processHookAfterLLMResponse
+	if err := ph.call(ctx, "hook.after_llm", resp, &result); err != nil {
+		return nil, HookDecision{}, err
+	}
+	if result.Response == nil {
+		result.Response = resp
+	}
+	return result.Response, HookDecision{Action: result.Action, Reason: result.Reason}, nil
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) BeforeTool(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	call *ToolCallHookRequest,
+) (*ToolCallHookRequest, HookDecision, error) {
+	if ph == nil || !ph.opts.InterceptTool {
+		return call, HookDecision{Action: HookActionContinue}, nil
+	}
+
+	var resp processHookBeforeToolResponse
+	if err := ph.call(ctx, "hook.before_tool", call, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, HookDecision{}, err
+	}
+	if resp.Call == nil {
+		resp.Call = call
+	}
+	return resp.Call, HookDecision{Action: resp.Action, Reason: resp.Reason}, nil
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) AfterTool(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	result *ToolResultHookResponse,
+) (*ToolResultHookResponse, HookDecision, error) {
+	if ph == nil || !ph.opts.InterceptTool {
+		return result, HookDecision{Action: HookActionContinue}, nil
+	}
+
+	var resp processHookAfterToolResponse
+	if err := ph.call(ctx, "hook.after_tool", result, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, HookDecision{}, err
+	}
+	if resp.Result == nil {
+		resp.Result = result
+	}
+	return resp.Result, HookDecision{Action: resp.Action, Reason: resp.Reason}, nil
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) ApproveTool(ctx context.Context, req *ToolApprovalRequest) (ApprovalDecision, error) {
+	if ph == nil || !ph.opts.ApproveTool {
+		return ApprovalDecision{Approved: true}, nil
+	}
+
+	var resp ApprovalDecision
+	if err := ph.call(ctx, "hook.approve_tool", req, &resp); err != nil {
+		return ApprovalDecision{}, err
+	}
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) hello(ctx context.Context) error {
+	modes := make([]string, 0, 4)
+	if ph.opts.Observe {
+		modes = append(modes, "observe")
+	}
+	if ph.opts.InterceptLLM {
+		modes = append(modes, "llm")
+	}
+	if ph.opts.InterceptTool {
+		modes = append(modes, "tool")
+	}
+	if ph.opts.ApproveTool {
+		modes = append(modes, "approve")
+	}
+
+	var result map[string]any
+	return ph.call(ctx, "hook.hello", processHookHelloParams{
+		Name:    ph.name,
+		Version: 1,
+		Modes:   modes,
+	}, &result)
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) notify(ctx context.Context, method string, params any) error {
+	msg := processHookRPCMessage{
+		JSONRPC: processHookJSONRPCVersion,
+		Method:  method,
+	}
+	if params != nil {
+		body, err := json.Marshal(params)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		msg.Params = body
+	}
+	return ph.send(ctx, msg)
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) call(ctx context.Context, method string, params any, out any) error {
+	if ph.closed.Load() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("process hook %q is closed", ph.name)
+	}
+
+	id := ph.nextID.Add(1)
+	respCh := make(chan processHookRPCMessage, 1)
+	ph.pendingMu.Lock()
+	ph.pending[id] = respCh
+	ph.pendingMu.Unlock()
+
+	msg := processHookRPCMessage{
+		JSONRPC: processHookJSONRPCVersion,
+		ID:      id,
+		Method:  method,
+	}
+	if params != nil {
+		body, err := json.Marshal(params)
+		if err != nil {
+			ph.removePending(id)
+			return err
+		}
+		msg.Params = body
+	}
+
+	if err := ph.send(ctx, msg); err != nil {
+		ph.removePending(id)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case resp, ok := <-respCh:
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("process hook %q closed while waiting for %s", ph.name, method)
+		}
+		if resp.Error != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("process hook %q %s failed: %s", ph.name, method, resp.Error.Message)
+		}
+		if out != nil && len(resp.Result) > 0 {
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(resp.Result, out); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("decode process hook %q %s result: %w", ph.name, method, err)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		ph.removePending(id)
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) send(ctx context.Context, msg processHookRPCMessage) error {
+	body, err := json.Marshal(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	body = append(body, '\n')
+
+	ph.writeMu.Lock()
+	defer ph.writeMu.Unlock()
+
+	if ph.closed.Load() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("process hook %q is closed", ph.name)
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		_, writeErr := ph.stdin.Write(body)
+		done <- writeErr
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("write process hook %q message: %w", ph.name, err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) readLoop(stdout io.Reader) {
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(stdout)
+	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 0, 64*1024), processHookReadBufferSize)
+
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		var msg processHookRPCMessage
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(scanner.Bytes(), &msg); err != nil {
+			logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Failed to decode process hook message", map[string]any{
+				"hook":  ph.name,
+				"error": err.Error(),
+			})
+			continue
+		}
+		if msg.ID == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		ph.pendingMu.Lock()
+		respCh, ok := ph.pending[msg.ID]
+		if ok {
+			delete(ph.pending, msg.ID)
+		}
+		ph.pendingMu.Unlock()
+		if ok {
+			respCh <- msg
+			close(respCh)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) readStderr(stderr io.Reader) {
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(stderr)
+	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 0, 16*1024), processHookReadBufferSize)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Process hook stderr", map[string]any{
+			"hook":   ph.name,
+			"stderr": scanner.Text(),
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) waitLoop() {
+	err := ph.cmd.Wait()
+	ph.closeMu.Lock()
+	ph.closeErr = err
+	ph.closeMu.Unlock()
+	ph.failPending(err)
+	close(ph.done)
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) failPending(err error) {
+	ph.pendingMu.Lock()
+	defer ph.pendingMu.Unlock()
+
+	msg := processHookRPCMessage{
+		Error: &processHookRPCError{
+			Code:    -32000,
+			Message: "process exited",
+		},
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		msg.Error.Message = err.Error()
+	}
+
+	for id, ch := range ph.pending {
+		delete(ph.pending, id)
+		ch <- msg
+		close(ch)
+	}
+}
+
+func (ph *ProcessHook) removePending(id uint64) {
+	ph.pendingMu.Lock()
+	defer ph.pendingMu.Unlock()
+
+	if ch, ok := ph.pending[id]; ok {
+		delete(ph.pending, id)
+		close(ch)
+	}
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) MountProcessHook(ctx context.Context, name string, opts ProcessHookOptions) error {
+	if al == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("agent loop is nil")
+	}
+	processHook, err := NewProcessHook(ctx, name, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := al.MountHook(HookRegistration{
+		Name:   name,
+		Source: HookSourceProcess,
+		Hook:   processHook,
+	}); err != nil {
+		_ = processHook.Close()
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newProcessHookObserveKinds(kinds []string) map[string]struct{} {
+	if len(kinds) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	normalized := make(map[string]struct{}, len(kinds))
+	for _, kind := range kinds {
+		if kind == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		normalized[kind] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	if len(normalized) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return normalized
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/hook_process_test.go b/pkg/agent/hook_process_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50f89811f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/hook_process_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+)
+
+func TestProcessHook_HelperProcess(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("PICOCLAW_HOOK_HELPER") != "1" {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := runProcessHookHelper(); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error())
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	os.Exit(0)
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_MountProcessHook_LLMAndObserver(t *testing.T) {
+	provider := &llmHookTestProvider{}
+	al, agent, cleanup := newHookTestLoop(t, provider)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	eventLog := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "events.log")
+	if err := al.MountProcessHook(context.Background(), "ipc-llm", ProcessHookOptions{
+		Command:      processHookHelperCommand(),
+		Env:          processHookHelperEnv("rewrite", eventLog),
+		Observe:      true,
+		InterceptLLM: true,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MountProcessHook failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := al.runAgentLoop(context.Background(), agent, processOptions{
+		SessionKey:      "session-1",
+		Channel:         "cli",
+		ChatID:          "direct",
+		UserMessage:     "hello",
+		DefaultResponse: defaultResponse,
+		EnableSummary:   false,
+		SendResponse:    false,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runAgentLoop failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp != "provider content|ipc" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected process-hooked llm content, got %q", resp)
+	}
+
+	provider.mu.Lock()
+	lastModel := provider.lastModel
+	provider.mu.Unlock()
+	if lastModel != "process-model" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected process model, got %q", lastModel)
+	}
+
+	waitForFileContains(t, eventLog, "turn_end")
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_MountProcessHook_ToolRewrite(t *testing.T) {
+	provider := &toolHookProvider{}
+	al, agent, cleanup := newHookTestLoop(t, provider)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	al.RegisterTool(&echoTextTool{})
+	if err := al.MountProcessHook(context.Background(), "ipc-tool", ProcessHookOptions{
+		Command:       processHookHelperCommand(),
+		Env:           processHookHelperEnv("rewrite", ""),
+		InterceptTool: true,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MountProcessHook failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := al.runAgentLoop(context.Background(), agent, processOptions{
+		SessionKey:      "session-1",
+		Channel:         "cli",
+		ChatID:          "direct",
+		UserMessage:     "run tool",
+		DefaultResponse: defaultResponse,
+		EnableSummary:   false,
+		SendResponse:    false,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runAgentLoop failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp != "ipc:ipc" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected rewritten process-hook tool result, got %q", resp)
+	}
+}
+
+type blockedToolProvider struct {
+	calls int
+}
+
+func (p *blockedToolProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	p.calls++
+	if p.calls == 1 {
+		return &providers.LLMResponse{
+			ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+				{
+					ID:        "call-1",
+					Name:      "blocked_tool",
+					Arguments: map[string]any{},
+				},
+			},
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{
+		Content: messages[len(messages)-1].Content,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (p *blockedToolProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "blocked-tool-provider"
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_MountProcessHook_ApprovalDeny(t *testing.T) {
+	provider := &blockedToolProvider{}
+	al, agent, cleanup := newHookTestLoop(t, provider)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	if err := al.MountProcessHook(context.Background(), "ipc-approval", ProcessHookOptions{
+		Command:     processHookHelperCommand(),
+		Env:         processHookHelperEnv("deny", ""),
+		ApproveTool: true,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MountProcessHook failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	sub := al.SubscribeEvents(16)
+	defer al.UnsubscribeEvents(sub.ID)
+
+	resp, err := al.runAgentLoop(context.Background(), agent, processOptions{
+		SessionKey:      "session-1",
+		Channel:         "cli",
+		ChatID:          "direct",
+		UserMessage:     "run blocked tool",
+		DefaultResponse: defaultResponse,
+		EnableSummary:   false,
+		SendResponse:    false,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runAgentLoop failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	expected := "Tool execution denied by approval hook: blocked by ipc hook"
+	if resp != expected {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %q, got %q", expected, resp)
+	}
+
+	events := collectEventStream(sub.C)
+	skippedEvt, ok := findEvent(events, EventKindToolExecSkipped)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected tool skipped event")
+	}
+	payload, ok := skippedEvt.Payload.(ToolExecSkippedPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ToolExecSkippedPayload, got %T", skippedEvt.Payload)
+	}
+	if payload.Reason != expected {
+		t.Fatalf("expected reason %q, got %q", expected, payload.Reason)
+	}
+}
+
+func processHookHelperCommand() []string {
+	return []string{os.Args[0], "-test.run=TestProcessHook_HelperProcess", "--"}
+}
+
+func processHookHelperEnv(mode, eventLog string) []string {
+	env := []string{
+		"PICOCLAW_HOOK_HELPER=1",
+		"PICOCLAW_HOOK_MODE=" + mode,
+	}
+	if eventLog != "" {
+		env = append(env, "PICOCLAW_HOOK_EVENT_LOG="+eventLog)
+	}
+	return env
+}
+
+func waitForFileContains(t *testing.T, path, substring string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+		if err == nil && strings.Contains(string(data), substring) {
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+
+	data, _ := os.ReadFile(path)
+	t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for %q in %s; current content: %q", substring, path, string(data))
+}
+
+func runProcessHookHelper() error {
+	mode := os.Getenv("PICOCLAW_HOOK_MODE")
+	eventLog := os.Getenv("PICOCLAW_HOOK_EVENT_LOG")
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
+	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 0, 64*1024), processHookReadBufferSize)
+	encoder := json.NewEncoder(os.Stdout)
+
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		var msg processHookRPCMessage
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(scanner.Bytes(), &msg); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if msg.ID == 0 {
+			if msg.Method == "hook.event" && eventLog != "" {
+				var evt map[string]any
+				if err := json.Unmarshal(msg.Params, &evt); err == nil {
+					if rawKind, ok := evt["Kind"].(float64); ok {
+						kind := EventKind(rawKind)
+						_ = os.WriteFile(eventLog, []byte(kind.String()+"\n"), 0o644)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		result, rpcErr := handleProcessHookRequest(mode, msg)
+		resp := processHookRPCMessage{
+			JSONRPC: processHookJSONRPCVersion,
+			ID:      msg.ID,
+		}
+		if rpcErr != nil {
+			resp.Error = rpcErr
+		} else if result != nil {
+			body, err := json.Marshal(result)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			resp.Result = body
+		} else {
+			resp.Result = []byte("{}")
+		}
+
+		if err := encoder.Encode(resp); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return scanner.Err()
+}
+
+func handleProcessHookRequest(mode string, msg processHookRPCMessage) (any, *processHookRPCError) {
+	switch msg.Method {
+	case "hook.hello":
+		return map[string]any{"ok": true}, nil
+	case "hook.before_llm":
+		if mode != "rewrite" {
+			return map[string]any{"action": HookActionContinue}, nil
+		}
+		var req map[string]any
+		_ = json.Unmarshal(msg.Params, &req)
+		req["model"] = "process-model"
+		return map[string]any{
+			"action":  HookActionModify,
+			"request": req,
+		}, nil
+	case "hook.after_llm":
+		if mode != "rewrite" {
+			return map[string]any{"action": HookActionContinue}, nil
+		}
+		var resp map[string]any
+		_ = json.Unmarshal(msg.Params, &resp)
+		if rawResponse, ok := resp["response"].(map[string]any); ok {
+			if content, ok := rawResponse["content"].(string); ok {
+				rawResponse["content"] = content + "|ipc"
+			}
+		}
+		return map[string]any{
+			"action":   HookActionModify,
+			"response": resp,
+		}, nil
+	case "hook.before_tool":
+		if mode != "rewrite" {
+			return map[string]any{"action": HookActionContinue}, nil
+		}
+		var call map[string]any
+		_ = json.Unmarshal(msg.Params, &call)
+		rawArgs, ok := call["arguments"].(map[string]any)
+		if !ok || rawArgs == nil {
+			rawArgs = map[string]any{}
+		}
+		rawArgs["text"] = "ipc"
+		call["arguments"] = rawArgs
+		return map[string]any{
+			"action": HookActionModify,
+			"call":   call,
+		}, nil
+	case "hook.after_tool":
+		if mode != "rewrite" {
+			return map[string]any{"action": HookActionContinue}, nil
+		}
+		var result map[string]any
+		_ = json.Unmarshal(msg.Params, &result)
+		if rawResult, ok := result["result"].(map[string]any); ok {
+			if forLLM, ok := rawResult["for_llm"].(string); ok {
+				rawResult["for_llm"] = "ipc:" + forLLM
+			}
+		}
+		return map[string]any{
+			"action": HookActionModify,
+			"result": result,
+		}, nil
+	case "hook.approve_tool":
+		if mode == "deny" {
+			return ApprovalDecision{
+				Approved: false,
+				Reason:   "blocked by ipc hook",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		return ApprovalDecision{Approved: true}, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, &processHookRPCError{
+			Code:    -32601,
+			Message: "method not found",
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/hooks.go b/pkg/agent/hooks.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1ef58ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/hooks.go
@@ -0,0 +1,809 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"sort"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/tools"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultHookObserverTimeout    = 500 * time.Millisecond
+	defaultHookInterceptorTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+	defaultHookApprovalTimeout    = 60 * time.Second
+	hookObserverBufferSize        = 64
+)
+
+type HookAction string
+
+const (
+	HookActionContinue  HookAction = "continue"
+	HookActionModify    HookAction = "modify"
+	HookActionDenyTool  HookAction = "deny_tool"
+	HookActionAbortTurn HookAction = "abort_turn"
+	HookActionHardAbort HookAction = "hard_abort"
+)
+
+type HookDecision struct {
+	Action HookAction `json:"action"`
+	Reason string     `json:"reason,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (d HookDecision) normalizedAction() HookAction {
+	if d.Action == "" {
+		return HookActionContinue
+	}
+	return d.Action
+}
+
+type ApprovalDecision struct {
+	Approved bool   `json:"approved"`
+	Reason   string `json:"reason,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type HookSource uint8
+
+const (
+	HookSourceInProcess HookSource = iota
+	HookSourceProcess
+)
+
+type HookRegistration struct {
+	Name     string
+	Priority int
+	Source   HookSource
+	Hook     any
+}
+
+func NamedHook(name string, hook any) HookRegistration {
+	return HookRegistration{
+		Name:   name,
+		Source: HookSourceInProcess,
+		Hook:   hook,
+	}
+}
+
+type EventObserver interface {
+	OnEvent(ctx context.Context, evt Event) error
+}
+
+type LLMInterceptor interface {
+	BeforeLLM(ctx context.Context, req *LLMHookRequest) (*LLMHookRequest, HookDecision, error)
+	AfterLLM(ctx context.Context, resp *LLMHookResponse) (*LLMHookResponse, HookDecision, error)
+}
+
+type ToolInterceptor interface {
+	BeforeTool(ctx context.Context, call *ToolCallHookRequest) (*ToolCallHookRequest, HookDecision, error)
+	AfterTool(ctx context.Context, result *ToolResultHookResponse) (*ToolResultHookResponse, HookDecision, error)
+}
+
+type ToolApprover interface {
+	ApproveTool(ctx context.Context, req *ToolApprovalRequest) (ApprovalDecision, error)
+}
+
+type LLMHookRequest struct {
+	Meta             EventMeta                  `json:"meta"`
+	Model            string                     `json:"model"`
+	Messages         []providers.Message        `json:"messages,omitempty"`
+	Tools            []providers.ToolDefinition `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+	Options          map[string]any             `json:"options,omitempty"`
+	Channel          string                     `json:"channel,omitempty"`
+	ChatID           string                     `json:"chat_id,omitempty"`
+	GracefulTerminal bool                       `json:"graceful_terminal,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (r *LLMHookRequest) Clone() *LLMHookRequest {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	cloned := *r
+	cloned.Messages = cloneProviderMessages(r.Messages)
+	cloned.Tools = cloneToolDefinitions(r.Tools)
+	cloned.Options = cloneStringAnyMap(r.Options)
+	return &cloned
+}
+
+type LLMHookResponse struct {
+	Meta     EventMeta              `json:"meta"`
+	Model    string                 `json:"model"`
+	Response *providers.LLMResponse `json:"response,omitempty"`
+	Channel  string                 `json:"channel,omitempty"`
+	ChatID   string                 `json:"chat_id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (r *LLMHookResponse) Clone() *LLMHookResponse {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	cloned := *r
+	cloned.Response = cloneLLMResponse(r.Response)
+	return &cloned
+}
+
+type ToolCallHookRequest struct {
+	Meta      EventMeta      `json:"meta"`
+	Tool      string         `json:"tool"`
+	Arguments map[string]any `json:"arguments,omitempty"`
+	Channel   string         `json:"channel,omitempty"`
+	ChatID    string         `json:"chat_id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (r *ToolCallHookRequest) Clone() *ToolCallHookRequest {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	cloned := *r
+	cloned.Arguments = cloneStringAnyMap(r.Arguments)
+	return &cloned
+}
+
+type ToolApprovalRequest struct {
+	Meta      EventMeta      `json:"meta"`
+	Tool      string         `json:"tool"`
+	Arguments map[string]any `json:"arguments,omitempty"`
+	Channel   string         `json:"channel,omitempty"`
+	ChatID    string         `json:"chat_id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (r *ToolApprovalRequest) Clone() *ToolApprovalRequest {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	cloned := *r
+	cloned.Arguments = cloneStringAnyMap(r.Arguments)
+	return &cloned
+}
+
+type ToolResultHookResponse struct {
+	Meta      EventMeta         `json:"meta"`
+	Tool      string            `json:"tool"`
+	Arguments map[string]any    `json:"arguments,omitempty"`
+	Result    *tools.ToolResult `json:"result,omitempty"`
+	Duration  time.Duration     `json:"duration"`
+	Channel   string            `json:"channel,omitempty"`
+	ChatID    string            `json:"chat_id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (r *ToolResultHookResponse) Clone() *ToolResultHookResponse {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	cloned := *r
+	cloned.Arguments = cloneStringAnyMap(r.Arguments)
+	cloned.Result = cloneToolResult(r.Result)
+	return &cloned
+}
+
+type HookManager struct {
+	eventBus           *EventBus
+	observerTimeout    time.Duration
+	interceptorTimeout time.Duration
+	approvalTimeout    time.Duration
+
+	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	hooks   map[string]HookRegistration
+	ordered []HookRegistration
+
+	sub       EventSubscription
+	done      chan struct{}
+	closeOnce sync.Once
+}
+
+func NewHookManager(eventBus *EventBus) *HookManager {
+	hm := &HookManager{
+		eventBus:           eventBus,
+		observerTimeout:    defaultHookObserverTimeout,
+		interceptorTimeout: defaultHookInterceptorTimeout,
+		approvalTimeout:    defaultHookApprovalTimeout,
+		hooks:              make(map[string]HookRegistration),
+		done:               make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+
+	if eventBus == nil {
+		close(hm.done)
+		return hm
+	}
+
+	hm.sub = eventBus.Subscribe(hookObserverBufferSize)
+	go hm.dispatchEvents()
+	return hm
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) Close() {
+	if hm == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	hm.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		if hm.eventBus != nil {
+			hm.eventBus.Unsubscribe(hm.sub.ID)
+		}
+		<-hm.done
+		hm.closeAllHooks()
+	})
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) ConfigureTimeouts(observer, interceptor, approval time.Duration) {
+	if hm == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if observer > 0 {
+		hm.observerTimeout = observer
+	}
+	if interceptor > 0 {
+		hm.interceptorTimeout = interceptor
+	}
+	if approval > 0 {
+		hm.approvalTimeout = approval
+	}
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) Mount(reg HookRegistration) error {
+	if hm == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("hook manager is nil")
+	}
+	if reg.Name == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("hook name is required")
+	}
+	if reg.Hook == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("hook %q is nil", reg.Name)
+	}
+
+	hm.mu.Lock()
+	defer hm.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if existing, ok := hm.hooks[reg.Name]; ok {
+		closeHookIfPossible(existing.Hook)
+	}
+	hm.hooks[reg.Name] = reg
+	hm.rebuildOrdered()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) Unmount(name string) {
+	if hm == nil || name == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	hm.mu.Lock()
+	defer hm.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if existing, ok := hm.hooks[name]; ok {
+		closeHookIfPossible(existing.Hook)
+	}
+	delete(hm.hooks, name)
+	hm.rebuildOrdered()
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) dispatchEvents() {
+	defer close(hm.done)
+
+	for evt := range hm.sub.C {
+		for _, reg := range hm.snapshotHooks() {
+			observer, ok := reg.Hook.(EventObserver)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			hm.runObserver(reg.Name, observer, evt)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) BeforeLLM(ctx context.Context, req *LLMHookRequest) (*LLMHookRequest, HookDecision) {
+	if hm == nil || req == nil {
+		return req, HookDecision{Action: HookActionContinue}
+	}
+
+	current := req.Clone()
+	for _, reg := range hm.snapshotHooks() {
+		interceptor, ok := reg.Hook.(LLMInterceptor)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		next, decision, ok := hm.callBeforeLLM(ctx, reg.Name, interceptor, current.Clone())
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		switch decision.normalizedAction() {
+		case HookActionContinue, HookActionModify:
+			if next != nil {
+				current = next
+			}
+		case HookActionAbortTurn, HookActionHardAbort:
+			return current, decision
+		default:
+			hm.logUnsupportedAction(reg.Name, "before_llm", decision.Action)
+		}
+	}
+	return current, HookDecision{Action: HookActionContinue}
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) AfterLLM(ctx context.Context, resp *LLMHookResponse) (*LLMHookResponse, HookDecision) {
+	if hm == nil || resp == nil {
+		return resp, HookDecision{Action: HookActionContinue}
+	}
+
+	current := resp.Clone()
+	for _, reg := range hm.snapshotHooks() {
+		interceptor, ok := reg.Hook.(LLMInterceptor)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		next, decision, ok := hm.callAfterLLM(ctx, reg.Name, interceptor, current.Clone())
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		switch decision.normalizedAction() {
+		case HookActionContinue, HookActionModify:
+			if next != nil {
+				current = next
+			}
+		case HookActionAbortTurn, HookActionHardAbort:
+			return current, decision
+		default:
+			hm.logUnsupportedAction(reg.Name, "after_llm", decision.Action)
+		}
+	}
+	return current, HookDecision{Action: HookActionContinue}
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) BeforeTool(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	call *ToolCallHookRequest,
+) (*ToolCallHookRequest, HookDecision) {
+	if hm == nil || call == nil {
+		return call, HookDecision{Action: HookActionContinue}
+	}
+
+	current := call.Clone()
+	for _, reg := range hm.snapshotHooks() {
+		interceptor, ok := reg.Hook.(ToolInterceptor)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		next, decision, ok := hm.callBeforeTool(ctx, reg.Name, interceptor, current.Clone())
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		switch decision.normalizedAction() {
+		case HookActionContinue, HookActionModify:
+			if next != nil {
+				current = next
+			}
+		case HookActionDenyTool, HookActionAbortTurn, HookActionHardAbort:
+			return current, decision
+		default:
+			hm.logUnsupportedAction(reg.Name, "before_tool", decision.Action)
+		}
+	}
+	return current, HookDecision{Action: HookActionContinue}
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) AfterTool(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	result *ToolResultHookResponse,
+) (*ToolResultHookResponse, HookDecision) {
+	if hm == nil || result == nil {
+		return result, HookDecision{Action: HookActionContinue}
+	}
+
+	current := result.Clone()
+	for _, reg := range hm.snapshotHooks() {
+		interceptor, ok := reg.Hook.(ToolInterceptor)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		next, decision, ok := hm.callAfterTool(ctx, reg.Name, interceptor, current.Clone())
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		switch decision.normalizedAction() {
+		case HookActionContinue, HookActionModify:
+			if next != nil {
+				current = next
+			}
+		case HookActionAbortTurn, HookActionHardAbort:
+			return current, decision
+		default:
+			hm.logUnsupportedAction(reg.Name, "after_tool", decision.Action)
+		}
+	}
+	return current, HookDecision{Action: HookActionContinue}
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) ApproveTool(ctx context.Context, req *ToolApprovalRequest) ApprovalDecision {
+	if hm == nil || req == nil {
+		return ApprovalDecision{Approved: true}
+	}
+
+	for _, reg := range hm.snapshotHooks() {
+		approver, ok := reg.Hook.(ToolApprover)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		decision, ok := hm.callApproveTool(ctx, reg.Name, approver, req.Clone())
+		if !ok {
+			return ApprovalDecision{
+				Approved: false,
+				Reason:   fmt.Sprintf("tool approval hook %q failed", reg.Name),
+			}
+		}
+		if !decision.Approved {
+			return decision
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ApprovalDecision{Approved: true}
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) rebuildOrdered() {
+	hm.ordered = hm.ordered[:0]
+	for _, reg := range hm.hooks {
+		hm.ordered = append(hm.ordered, reg)
+	}
+	sort.SliceStable(hm.ordered, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if hm.ordered[i].Source != hm.ordered[j].Source {
+			return hm.ordered[i].Source < hm.ordered[j].Source
+		}
+		if hm.ordered[i].Priority == hm.ordered[j].Priority {
+			return hm.ordered[i].Name < hm.ordered[j].Name
+		}
+		return hm.ordered[i].Priority < hm.ordered[j].Priority
+	})
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) snapshotHooks() []HookRegistration {
+	hm.mu.RLock()
+	defer hm.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	snapshot := make([]HookRegistration, len(hm.ordered))
+	copy(snapshot, hm.ordered)
+	return snapshot
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) closeAllHooks() {
+	hm.mu.Lock()
+	defer hm.mu.Unlock()
+
+	for name, reg := range hm.hooks {
+		closeHookIfPossible(reg.Hook)
+		delete(hm.hooks, name)
+	}
+	hm.ordered = nil
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) runObserver(name string, observer EventObserver, evt Event) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), hm.observerTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		done <- observer.OnEvent(ctx, evt)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Event observer failed", map[string]any{
+				"hook":  name,
+				"event": evt.Kind.String(),
+				"error": err.Error(),
+			})
+		}
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Event observer timed out", map[string]any{
+			"hook":       name,
+			"event":      evt.Kind.String(),
+			"timeout_ms": hm.observerTimeout.Milliseconds(),
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) callBeforeLLM(
+	parent context.Context,
+	name string,
+	interceptor LLMInterceptor,
+	req *LLMHookRequest,
+) (*LLMHookRequest, HookDecision, bool) {
+	return runInterceptorHook(
+		parent,
+		hm.interceptorTimeout,
+		name,
+		"before_llm",
+		func(ctx context.Context) (*LLMHookRequest, HookDecision, error) {
+			return interceptor.BeforeLLM(ctx, req)
+		},
+	)
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) callAfterLLM(
+	parent context.Context,
+	name string,
+	interceptor LLMInterceptor,
+	resp *LLMHookResponse,
+) (*LLMHookResponse, HookDecision, bool) {
+	return runInterceptorHook(
+		parent,
+		hm.interceptorTimeout,
+		name,
+		"after_llm",
+		func(ctx context.Context) (*LLMHookResponse, HookDecision, error) {
+			return interceptor.AfterLLM(ctx, resp)
+		},
+	)
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) callBeforeTool(
+	parent context.Context,
+	name string,
+	interceptor ToolInterceptor,
+	call *ToolCallHookRequest,
+) (*ToolCallHookRequest, HookDecision, bool) {
+	return runInterceptorHook(
+		parent,
+		hm.interceptorTimeout,
+		name,
+		"before_tool",
+		func(ctx context.Context) (*ToolCallHookRequest, HookDecision, error) {
+			return interceptor.BeforeTool(ctx, call)
+		},
+	)
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) callAfterTool(
+	parent context.Context,
+	name string,
+	interceptor ToolInterceptor,
+	resultView *ToolResultHookResponse,
+) (*ToolResultHookResponse, HookDecision, bool) {
+	return runInterceptorHook(
+		parent,
+		hm.interceptorTimeout,
+		name,
+		"after_tool",
+		func(ctx context.Context) (*ToolResultHookResponse, HookDecision, error) {
+			return interceptor.AfterTool(ctx, resultView)
+		},
+	)
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) callApproveTool(
+	parent context.Context,
+	name string,
+	approver ToolApprover,
+	req *ToolApprovalRequest,
+) (ApprovalDecision, bool) {
+	return runApprovalHook(
+		parent,
+		hm.approvalTimeout,
+		name,
+		"approve_tool",
+		func(ctx context.Context) (ApprovalDecision, error) {
+			return approver.ApproveTool(ctx, req)
+		},
+	)
+}
+
+func runInterceptorHook[T any](
+	parent context.Context,
+	timeout time.Duration,
+	name string,
+	stage string,
+	fn func(ctx context.Context) (T, HookDecision, error),
+) (T, HookDecision, bool) {
+	var zero T
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parent, timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	type result struct {
+		value    T
+		decision HookDecision
+		err      error
+	}
+	done := make(chan result, 1)
+	go func() {
+		value, decision, err := fn(ctx)
+		done <- result{value: value, decision: decision, err: err}
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case res := <-done:
+		if res.err != nil {
+			logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Interceptor hook failed", map[string]any{
+				"hook":  name,
+				"stage": stage,
+				"error": res.err.Error(),
+			})
+			return zero, HookDecision{}, false
+		}
+		return res.value, res.decision, true
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Interceptor hook timed out", map[string]any{
+			"hook":       name,
+			"stage":      stage,
+			"timeout_ms": timeout.Milliseconds(),
+		})
+		return zero, HookDecision{}, false
+	}
+}
+
+func runApprovalHook(
+	parent context.Context,
+	timeout time.Duration,
+	name string,
+	stage string,
+	fn func(ctx context.Context) (ApprovalDecision, error),
+) (ApprovalDecision, bool) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parent, timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	type result struct {
+		decision ApprovalDecision
+		err      error
+	}
+	done := make(chan result, 1)
+	go func() {
+		decision, err := fn(ctx)
+		done <- result{decision: decision, err: err}
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case res := <-done:
+		if res.err != nil {
+			logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Approval hook failed", map[string]any{
+				"hook":  name,
+				"stage": stage,
+				"error": res.err.Error(),
+			})
+			return ApprovalDecision{}, false
+		}
+		return res.decision, true
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Approval hook timed out", map[string]any{
+			"hook":       name,
+			"stage":      stage,
+			"timeout_ms": timeout.Milliseconds(),
+		})
+		return ApprovalDecision{
+			Approved: false,
+			Reason:   fmt.Sprintf("tool approval hook %q timed out", name),
+		}, true
+	}
+}
+
+func (hm *HookManager) logUnsupportedAction(name, stage string, action HookAction) {
+	logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Hook returned unsupported action for stage", map[string]any{
+		"hook":   name,
+		"stage":  stage,
+		"action": action,
+	})
+}
+
+func cloneProviderMessages(messages []providers.Message) []providers.Message {
+	if len(messages) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	cloned := make([]providers.Message, len(messages))
+	for i, msg := range messages {
+		cloned[i] = msg
+		if len(msg.Media) > 0 {
+			cloned[i].Media = append([]string(nil), msg.Media...)
+		}
+		if len(msg.SystemParts) > 0 {
+			cloned[i].SystemParts = append([]providers.ContentBlock(nil), msg.SystemParts...)
+		}
+		if len(msg.ToolCalls) > 0 {
+			cloned[i].ToolCalls = cloneProviderToolCalls(msg.ToolCalls)
+		}
+	}
+	return cloned
+}
+
+func cloneProviderToolCalls(calls []providers.ToolCall) []providers.ToolCall {
+	if len(calls) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	cloned := make([]providers.ToolCall, len(calls))
+	for i, call := range calls {
+		cloned[i] = call
+		if call.Function != nil {
+			fn := *call.Function
+			cloned[i].Function = &fn
+		}
+		if call.Arguments != nil {
+			cloned[i].Arguments = cloneStringAnyMap(call.Arguments)
+		}
+		if call.ExtraContent != nil {
+			extra := *call.ExtraContent
+			if call.ExtraContent.Google != nil {
+				google := *call.ExtraContent.Google
+				extra.Google = &google
+			}
+			cloned[i].ExtraContent = &extra
+		}
+	}
+	return cloned
+}
+
+func cloneToolDefinitions(defs []providers.ToolDefinition) []providers.ToolDefinition {
+	if len(defs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	cloned := make([]providers.ToolDefinition, len(defs))
+	for i, def := range defs {
+		cloned[i] = def
+		cloned[i].Function.Parameters = cloneStringAnyMap(def.Function.Parameters)
+	}
+	return cloned
+}
+
+func cloneLLMResponse(resp *providers.LLMResponse) *providers.LLMResponse {
+	if resp == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	cloned := *resp
+	cloned.ToolCalls = cloneProviderToolCalls(resp.ToolCalls)
+	if len(resp.ReasoningDetails) > 0 {
+		cloned.ReasoningDetails = append(cloned.ReasoningDetails[:0:0], resp.ReasoningDetails...)
+	}
+	if resp.Usage != nil {
+		usage := *resp.Usage
+		cloned.Usage = &usage
+	}
+	return &cloned
+}
+
+func cloneStringAnyMap(src map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	if len(src) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	cloned := make(map[string]any, len(src))
+	for k, v := range src {
+		cloned[k] = v
+	}
+	return cloned
+}
+
+func cloneToolResult(result *tools.ToolResult) *tools.ToolResult {
+	if result == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	cloned := *result
+	if len(result.Media) > 0 {
+		cloned.Media = append([]string(nil), result.Media...)
+	}
+	return &cloned
+}
+
+func closeHookIfPossible(hook any) {
+	closer, ok := hook.(io.Closer)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := closer.Close(); err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("hooks", "Failed to close hook", map[string]any{
+			"error": err.Error(),
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/hooks_test.go b/pkg/agent/hooks_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49e1b1784
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/hooks_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/tools"
+)
+
+func newHookTestLoop(
+	t *testing.T,
+	provider providers.LLMProvider,
+) (*AgentLoop, *AgentInstance, func()) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-hooks-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, bus.NewMessageBus(), provider)
+	agent := al.registry.GetDefaultAgent()
+	if agent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected default agent")
+	}
+
+	return al, agent, func() {
+		al.Close()
+		_ = os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHookManager_SortsInProcessBeforeProcess(t *testing.T) {
+	hm := NewHookManager(nil)
+	defer hm.Close()
+
+	if err := hm.Mount(HookRegistration{
+		Name:     "process",
+		Priority: -10,
+		Source:   HookSourceProcess,
+		Hook:     struct{}{},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mount process hook: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := hm.Mount(HookRegistration{
+		Name:     "in-process",
+		Priority: 100,
+		Source:   HookSourceInProcess,
+		Hook:     struct{}{},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mount in-process hook: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ordered := hm.snapshotHooks()
+	if len(ordered) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 hooks, got %d", len(ordered))
+	}
+	if ordered[0].Name != "in-process" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected in-process hook first, got %q", ordered[0].Name)
+	}
+	if ordered[1].Name != "process" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected process hook second, got %q", ordered[1].Name)
+	}
+}
+
+type llmHookTestProvider struct {
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	lastModel string
+}
+
+func (p *llmHookTestProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	p.lastModel = model
+	p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{
+		Content: "provider content",
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (p *llmHookTestProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "llm-hook-provider"
+}
+
+type llmObserverHook struct {
+	eventCh chan Event
+}
+
+func (h *llmObserverHook) OnEvent(ctx context.Context, evt Event) error {
+	if evt.Kind == EventKindTurnEnd {
+		select {
+		case h.eventCh <- evt:
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (h *llmObserverHook) BeforeLLM(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	req *LLMHookRequest,
+) (*LLMHookRequest, HookDecision, error) {
+	next := req.Clone()
+	next.Model = "hook-model"
+	return next, HookDecision{Action: HookActionModify}, nil
+}
+
+func (h *llmObserverHook) AfterLLM(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	resp *LLMHookResponse,
+) (*LLMHookResponse, HookDecision, error) {
+	next := resp.Clone()
+	next.Response.Content = "hooked content"
+	return next, HookDecision{Action: HookActionModify}, nil
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_Hooks_ObserverAndLLMInterceptor(t *testing.T) {
+	provider := &llmHookTestProvider{}
+	al, agent, cleanup := newHookTestLoop(t, provider)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	hook := &llmObserverHook{eventCh: make(chan Event, 1)}
+	if err := al.MountHook(NamedHook("llm-observer", hook)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MountHook failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := al.runAgentLoop(context.Background(), agent, processOptions{
+		SessionKey:      "session-1",
+		Channel:         "cli",
+		ChatID:          "direct",
+		UserMessage:     "hello",
+		DefaultResponse: defaultResponse,
+		EnableSummary:   false,
+		SendResponse:    false,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runAgentLoop failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp != "hooked content" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected hooked content, got %q", resp)
+	}
+
+	provider.mu.Lock()
+	lastModel := provider.lastModel
+	provider.mu.Unlock()
+	if lastModel != "hook-model" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected model hook-model, got %q", lastModel)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case evt := <-hook.eventCh:
+		if evt.Kind != EventKindTurnEnd {
+			t.Fatalf("expected turn end event, got %v", evt.Kind)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for hook observer event")
+	}
+}
+
+type toolHookProvider struct {
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	calls int
+}
+
+func (p *toolHookProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	p.calls++
+	if p.calls == 1 {
+		return &providers.LLMResponse{
+			ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+				{
+					ID:        "call-1",
+					Name:      "echo_text",
+					Arguments: map[string]any{"text": "original"},
+				},
+			},
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	last := messages[len(messages)-1]
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{
+		Content: last.Content,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (p *toolHookProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "tool-hook-provider"
+}
+
+type echoTextTool struct{}
+
+func (t *echoTextTool) Name() string {
+	return "echo_text"
+}
+
+func (t *echoTextTool) Description() string {
+	return "echo a text argument"
+}
+
+func (t *echoTextTool) Parameters() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"type": "object",
+		"properties": map[string]any{
+			"text": map[string]any{
+				"type": "string",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *echoTextTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *tools.ToolResult {
+	text, _ := args["text"].(string)
+	return tools.SilentResult(text)
+}
+
+type toolRewriteHook struct{}
+
+func (h *toolRewriteHook) BeforeTool(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	call *ToolCallHookRequest,
+) (*ToolCallHookRequest, HookDecision, error) {
+	next := call.Clone()
+	next.Arguments["text"] = "modified"
+	return next, HookDecision{Action: HookActionModify}, nil
+}
+
+func (h *toolRewriteHook) AfterTool(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	result *ToolResultHookResponse,
+) (*ToolResultHookResponse, HookDecision, error) {
+	next := result.Clone()
+	next.Result.ForLLM = "after:" + next.Result.ForLLM
+	return next, HookDecision{Action: HookActionModify}, nil
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_Hooks_ToolInterceptorCanRewrite(t *testing.T) {
+	provider := &toolHookProvider{}
+	al, agent, cleanup := newHookTestLoop(t, provider)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	al.RegisterTool(&echoTextTool{})
+	if err := al.MountHook(NamedHook("tool-rewrite", &toolRewriteHook{})); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MountHook failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := al.runAgentLoop(context.Background(), agent, processOptions{
+		SessionKey:      "session-1",
+		Channel:         "cli",
+		ChatID:          "direct",
+		UserMessage:     "run tool",
+		DefaultResponse: defaultResponse,
+		EnableSummary:   false,
+		SendResponse:    false,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runAgentLoop failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp != "after:modified" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected rewritten tool result, got %q", resp)
+	}
+}
+
+type denyApprovalHook struct{}
+
+func (h *denyApprovalHook) ApproveTool(ctx context.Context, req *ToolApprovalRequest) (ApprovalDecision, error) {
+	return ApprovalDecision{
+		Approved: false,
+		Reason:   "blocked",
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_Hooks_ToolApproverCanDeny(t *testing.T) {
+	provider := &toolHookProvider{}
+	al, agent, cleanup := newHookTestLoop(t, provider)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	al.RegisterTool(&echoTextTool{})
+	if err := al.MountHook(NamedHook("deny-approval", &denyApprovalHook{})); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MountHook failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	sub := al.SubscribeEvents(16)
+	defer al.UnsubscribeEvents(sub.ID)
+
+	resp, err := al.runAgentLoop(context.Background(), agent, processOptions{
+		SessionKey:      "session-1",
+		Channel:         "cli",
+		ChatID:          "direct",
+		UserMessage:     "run tool",
+		DefaultResponse: defaultResponse,
+		EnableSummary:   false,
+		SendResponse:    false,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("runAgentLoop failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	expected := "Tool execution denied by approval hook: blocked"
+	if resp != expected {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %q, got %q", expected, resp)
+	}
+
+	events := collectEventStream(sub.C)
+	skippedEvt, ok := findEvent(events, EventKindToolExecSkipped)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected tool skipped event")
+	}
+	payload, ok := skippedEvt.Payload.(ToolExecSkippedPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ToolExecSkippedPayload, got %T", skippedEvt.Payload)
+	}
+	if payload.Reason != expected {
+		t.Fatalf("expected skipped reason %q, got %q", expected, payload.Reason)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/instance.go b/pkg/agent/instance.go
index 355e78a33..cef736981 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/instance.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/instance.go
@@ -103,10 +103,12 @@ func NewAgentInstance(
 	sessions := initSessionStore(sessionsDir)
 
 	mcpDiscoveryActive := cfg.Tools.MCP.Enabled && cfg.Tools.MCP.Discovery.Enabled
-	contextBuilder := NewContextBuilder(workspace).WithToolDiscovery(
-		mcpDiscoveryActive && cfg.Tools.MCP.Discovery.UseBM25,
-		mcpDiscoveryActive && cfg.Tools.MCP.Discovery.UseRegex,
-	)
+	contextBuilder := NewContextBuilder(workspace).
+		WithToolDiscovery(
+			mcpDiscoveryActive && cfg.Tools.MCP.Discovery.UseBM25,
+			mcpDiscoveryActive && cfg.Tools.MCP.Discovery.UseRegex,
+		).
+		WithSplitOnMarker(cfg.Agents.Defaults.SplitOnMarker)
 
 	agentID := routing.DefaultAgentID
 	agentName := ""
@@ -130,6 +132,17 @@ func NewAgentInstance(
 		maxTokens = 8192
 	}
 
+	contextWindow := defaults.ContextWindow
+	if contextWindow == 0 {
+		// Default heuristic: 4x the output token limit.
+		// Most models have context windows well above their output limits
+		// (e.g., GPT-4o 128k ctx / 16k out, Claude 200k ctx / 8k out).
+		// 4x is a conservative lower bound that avoids premature
+		// summarization while remaining safe — the reactive
+		// forceCompression handles any overshoot.
+		contextWindow = maxTokens * 4
+	}
+
 	temperature := 0.7
 	if defaults.Temperature != nil {
 		temperature = *defaults.Temperature
@@ -182,7 +195,7 @@ func NewAgentInstance(
 		MaxTokens:                 maxTokens,
 		Temperature:               temperature,
 		ThinkingLevel:             thinkingLevel,
-		ContextWindow:             maxTokens,
+		ContextWindow:             contextWindow,
 		SummarizeMessageThreshold: summarizeMessageThreshold,
 		SummarizeTokenPercent:     summarizeTokenPercent,
 		Provider:                  provider,
diff --git a/pkg/agent/instance_test.go b/pkg/agent/instance_test.go
index b3318ad1f..e296a18cb 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/instance_test.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/instance_test.go
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func TestNewAgentInstance_UsesDefaultsTemperatureAndMaxTokens(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         1234,
 				MaxToolIterations: 5,
 			},
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func TestNewAgentInstance_DefaultsTemperatureWhenZero(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         1234,
 				MaxToolIterations: 5,
 			},
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func TestNewAgentInstance_DefaultsTemperatureWhenUnset(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         1234,
 				MaxToolIterations: 5,
 			},
@@ -137,10 +137,10 @@ func TestNewAgentInstance_ResolveCandidatesFromModelListAlias(t *testing.T) {
 				Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 					Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 						Workspace: tmpDir,
-						Model:     tt.aliasName,
+						ModelName: tt.aliasName,
 					},
 				},
-				ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
+				ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
 					{
 						ModelName: tt.aliasName,
 						Model:     tt.modelName,
@@ -236,8 +236,9 @@ func TestNewAgentInstance_AllowsMediaTempDirForReadListAndExec(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("exec tool not registered")
 	}
 	execResult := execTool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{
-		"command":     "cat " + filepath.Base(mediaPath),
-		"working_dir": mediaDir,
+		"action":  "run",
+		"command": "cat " + filepath.Base(mediaPath),
+		"cwd":     mediaDir,
 	})
 	if execResult.IsError {
 		t.Fatalf("exec should allow media temp dir, got: %s", execResult.ForLLM)
diff --git a/pkg/agent/loop.go b/pkg/agent/loop.go
index ed5c73afc..81b979490 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/loop.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/loop.go
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
-	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
@@ -36,10 +35,17 @@ import (
 )
 
 type AgentLoop struct {
-	bus            *bus.MessageBus
-	cfg            *config.Config
-	registry       *AgentRegistry
-	state          *state.Manager
+	// Core dependencies
+	bus      *bus.MessageBus
+	cfg      *config.Config
+	registry *AgentRegistry
+	state    *state.Manager
+
+	// Event system (from Incoming)
+	eventBus *EventBus
+	hooks    *HookManager
+
+	// Runtime state
 	running        atomic.Bool
 	summarizing    sync.Map
 	fallback       *providers.FallbackChain
@@ -48,36 +54,58 @@ type AgentLoop struct {
 	transcriber    voice.Transcriber
 	cmdRegistry    *commands.Registry
 	mcp            mcpRuntime
+	hookRuntime    hookRuntime
+	steering       *steeringQueue
+	pendingSkills  sync.Map
 	mu             sync.RWMutex
-	reloadFunc     func() error
-	// Track active requests for safe provider cleanup
+
+	// Concurrent turn management (from HEAD)
+	activeTurnStates sync.Map     // key: sessionKey (string), value: *turnState
+	subTurnCounter   atomic.Int64 // Counter for generating unique SubTurn IDs
+
+	// Turn tracking (from Incoming)
+	turnSeq        atomic.Uint64
 	activeRequests sync.WaitGroup
+
+	reloadFunc func() error
 }
 
 // processOptions configures how a message is processed
 type processOptions struct {
-	SessionKey        string   // Session identifier for history/context
-	Channel           string   // Target channel for tool execution
-	ChatID            string   // Target chat ID for tool execution
-	SenderID          string   // Current sender ID for dynamic context
-	SenderDisplayName string   // Current sender display name for dynamic context
-	UserMessage       string   // User message content (may include prefix)
-	Media             []string // media:// refs from inbound message
-	DefaultResponse   string   // Response when LLM returns empty
-	EnableSummary     bool     // Whether to trigger summarization
-	SendResponse      bool     // Whether to send response via bus
-	NoHistory         bool     // If true, don't load session history (for heartbeat)
+	SessionKey              string              // Session identifier for history/context
+	Channel                 string              // Target channel for tool execution
+	ChatID                  string              // Target chat ID for tool execution
+	SenderID                string              // Current sender ID for dynamic context
+	SenderDisplayName       string              // Current sender display name for dynamic context
+	UserMessage             string              // User message content (may include prefix)
+	ForcedSkills            []string            // Skills explicitly requested for this message
+	SystemPromptOverride    string              // Override the default system prompt (Used by SubTurns)
+	Media                   []string            // media:// refs from inbound message
+	InitialSteeringMessages []providers.Message // Steering messages from refactor/agent
+	DefaultResponse         string              // Response when LLM returns empty
+	EnableSummary           bool                // Whether to trigger summarization
+	SendResponse            bool                // Whether to send response via bus
+	SuppressToolFeedback    bool                // Whether to suppress inline tool feedback messages
+	NoHistory               bool                // If true, don't load session history (for heartbeat)
+	SkipInitialSteeringPoll bool                // If true, skip the steering poll at loop start (used by Continue)
+}
+
+type continuationTarget struct {
+	SessionKey string
+	Channel    string
+	ChatID     string
 }
 
 const (
-	defaultResponse           = "The model returned an empty response. This may indicate a provider error or token limit."
-	toolLimitResponse         = "I've reached `max_tool_iterations` without a final response. Increase `max_tool_iterations` in config.json if this task needs more tool steps."
-	sessionKeyAgentPrefix     = "agent:"
-	metadataKeyAccountID      = "account_id"
-	metadataKeyGuildID        = "guild_id"
-	metadataKeyTeamID         = "team_id"
-	metadataKeyParentPeerKind = "parent_peer_kind"
-	metadataKeyParentPeerID   = "parent_peer_id"
+	defaultResponse            = "The model returned an empty response. This may indicate a provider error or token limit."
+	toolLimitResponse          = "I've reached `max_tool_iterations` without a final response. Increase `max_tool_iterations` in config.json if this task needs more tool steps."
+	handledToolResponseSummary = "Requested output delivered via tool attachment."
+	sessionKeyAgentPrefix      = "agent:"
+	metadataKeyAccountID       = "account_id"
+	metadataKeyGuildID         = "guild_id"
+	metadataKeyTeamID          = "team_id"
+	metadataKeyParentPeerKind  = "parent_peer_kind"
+	metadataKeyParentPeerID    = "parent_peer_id"
 )
 
 func NewAgentLoop(
@@ -87,9 +115,6 @@ func NewAgentLoop(
 ) *AgentLoop {
 	registry := NewAgentRegistry(cfg, provider)
 
-	// Register shared tools to all agents
-	registerSharedTools(cfg, msgBus, registry, provider)
-
 	// Set up shared fallback chain
 	cooldown := providers.NewCooldownTracker()
 	fallbackChain := providers.NewFallbackChain(cooldown)
@@ -101,21 +126,30 @@ func NewAgentLoop(
 		stateManager = state.NewManager(defaultAgent.Workspace)
 	}
 
+	eventBus := NewEventBus()
 	al := &AgentLoop{
 		bus:         msgBus,
 		cfg:         cfg,
 		registry:    registry,
 		state:       stateManager,
+		eventBus:    eventBus,
 		summarizing: sync.Map{},
 		fallback:    fallbackChain,
 		cmdRegistry: commands.NewRegistry(commands.BuiltinDefinitions()),
+		steering:    newSteeringQueue(parseSteeringMode(cfg.Agents.Defaults.SteeringMode)),
 	}
+	al.hooks = NewHookManager(eventBus)
+	configureHookManagerFromConfig(al.hooks, cfg)
+
+	// Register shared tools to all agents (now that al is created)
+	registerSharedTools(al, cfg, msgBus, registry, provider)
 
 	return al
 }
 
 // registerSharedTools registers tools that are shared across all agents (web, message, spawn).
 func registerSharedTools(
+	al *AgentLoop,
 	cfg *config.Config,
 	msgBus *bus.MessageBus,
 	registry *AgentRegistry,
@@ -131,30 +165,37 @@ func registerSharedTools(
 
 		if cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("web") {
 			searchTool, err := tools.NewWebSearchTool(tools.WebSearchToolOptions{
-				BraveAPIKeys:         config.MergeAPIKeys(cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKey, cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKeys),
-				BraveMaxResults:      cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.MaxResults,
-				BraveEnabled:         cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.Enabled,
-				TavilyAPIKeys:        config.MergeAPIKeys(cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.APIKey, cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.APIKeys),
+				BraveAPIKeys:    config.MergeAPIKeys(cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKey(), cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKeys()),
+				BraveMaxResults: cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.MaxResults,
+				BraveEnabled:    cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.Enabled,
+				TavilyAPIKeys: config.MergeAPIKeys(
+					cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.APIKey(),
+					cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.APIKeys(),
+				),
 				TavilyBaseURL:        cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.BaseURL,
 				TavilyMaxResults:     cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.MaxResults,
 				TavilyEnabled:        cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.Enabled,
 				DuckDuckGoMaxResults: cfg.Tools.Web.DuckDuckGo.MaxResults,
 				DuckDuckGoEnabled:    cfg.Tools.Web.DuckDuckGo.Enabled,
 				PerplexityAPIKeys: config.MergeAPIKeys(
-					cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.APIKey,
-					cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.APIKeys,
+					cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.APIKey(),
+					cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.APIKeys(),
 				),
-				PerplexityMaxResults: cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.MaxResults,
-				PerplexityEnabled:    cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.Enabled,
-				SearXNGBaseURL:       cfg.Tools.Web.SearXNG.BaseURL,
-				SearXNGMaxResults:    cfg.Tools.Web.SearXNG.MaxResults,
-				SearXNGEnabled:       cfg.Tools.Web.SearXNG.Enabled,
-				GLMSearchAPIKey:      cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.APIKey,
-				GLMSearchBaseURL:     cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.BaseURL,
-				GLMSearchEngine:      cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.SearchEngine,
-				GLMSearchMaxResults:  cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.MaxResults,
-				GLMSearchEnabled:     cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.Enabled,
-				Proxy:                cfg.Tools.Web.Proxy,
+				PerplexityMaxResults:  cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.MaxResults,
+				PerplexityEnabled:     cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.Enabled,
+				SearXNGBaseURL:        cfg.Tools.Web.SearXNG.BaseURL,
+				SearXNGMaxResults:     cfg.Tools.Web.SearXNG.MaxResults,
+				SearXNGEnabled:        cfg.Tools.Web.SearXNG.Enabled,
+				GLMSearchAPIKey:       cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.APIKey(),
+				GLMSearchBaseURL:      cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.BaseURL,
+				GLMSearchEngine:       cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.SearchEngine,
+				GLMSearchMaxResults:   cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.MaxResults,
+				GLMSearchEnabled:      cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.Enabled,
+				BaiduSearchAPIKey:     cfg.Tools.Web.BaiduSearch.APIKey(),
+				BaiduSearchBaseURL:    cfg.Tools.Web.BaiduSearch.BaseURL,
+				BaiduSearchMaxResults: cfg.Tools.Web.BaiduSearch.MaxResults,
+				BaiduSearchEnabled:    cfg.Tools.Web.BaiduSearch.Enabled,
+				Proxy:                 cfg.Tools.Web.Proxy,
 			})
 			if err != nil {
 				logger.ErrorCF("agent", "Failed to create web search tool", map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
@@ -216,9 +257,20 @@ func registerSharedTools(
 		find_skills_enable := cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("find_skills")
 		install_skills_enable := cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("install_skill")
 		if skills_enabled && (find_skills_enable || install_skills_enable) {
+			clawHubConfig := cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub
 			registryMgr := skills.NewRegistryManagerFromConfig(skills.RegistryConfig{
 				MaxConcurrentSearches: cfg.Tools.Skills.MaxConcurrentSearches,
-				ClawHub:               skills.ClawHubConfig(cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub),
+				ClawHub: skills.ClawHubConfig{
+					Enabled:         clawHubConfig.Enabled,
+					BaseURL:         clawHubConfig.BaseURL,
+					AuthToken:       clawHubConfig.AuthToken(),
+					SearchPath:      clawHubConfig.SearchPath,
+					SkillsPath:      clawHubConfig.SkillsPath,
+					DownloadPath:    clawHubConfig.DownloadPath,
+					Timeout:         clawHubConfig.Timeout,
+					MaxZipSize:      clawHubConfig.MaxZipSize,
+					MaxResponseSize: clawHubConfig.MaxResponseSize,
+				},
 			})
 
 			if find_skills_enable {
@@ -241,6 +293,67 @@ func registerSharedTools(
 		if (spawnEnabled || spawnStatusEnabled) && cfg.Tools.IsToolEnabled("subagent") {
 			subagentManager := tools.NewSubagentManager(provider, agent.Model, agent.Workspace)
 			subagentManager.SetLLMOptions(agent.MaxTokens, agent.Temperature)
+
+			// Set the spawner that links into AgentLoop's turnState
+			subagentManager.SetSpawner(func(
+				ctx context.Context,
+				task, label, targetAgentID string,
+				tls *tools.ToolRegistry,
+				maxTokens int,
+				temperature float64,
+				hasMaxTokens, hasTemperature bool,
+			) (*tools.ToolResult, error) {
+				// 1. Recover parent Turn State from Context
+				parentTS := turnStateFromContext(ctx)
+				if parentTS == nil {
+					// Fallback: If no turnState exists in context, create an isolated ad-hoc root turn state
+					// so that the tool can still function outside of an agent loop (e.g. tests, raw invocations).
+					parentTS = &turnState{
+						ctx:            ctx,
+						turnID:         "adhoc-root",
+						depth:          0,
+						session:        nil, // Ephemeral session not needed for adhoc spawn
+						pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+						concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, 5),
+					}
+				}
+
+				// 2. Build Tools slice from registry
+				var tlSlice []tools.Tool
+				for _, name := range tls.List() {
+					if t, ok := tls.Get(name); ok {
+						tlSlice = append(tlSlice, t)
+					}
+				}
+
+				// 3. System Prompt
+				systemPrompt := "You are a subagent. Complete the given task independently and report the result.\n" +
+					"You have access to tools - use them as needed to complete your task.\n" +
+					"After completing the task, provide a clear summary of what was done.\n\n" +
+					"Task: " + task
+
+				// 4. Resolve Model
+				modelToUse := agent.Model
+				if targetAgentID != "" {
+					if targetAgent, ok := al.GetRegistry().GetAgent(targetAgentID); ok {
+						modelToUse = targetAgent.Model
+					}
+				}
+
+				// 5. Build SubTurnConfig
+				cfg := SubTurnConfig{
+					Model:        modelToUse,
+					Tools:        tlSlice,
+					SystemPrompt: systemPrompt,
+				}
+				if hasMaxTokens {
+					cfg.MaxTokens = maxTokens
+				}
+
+				// 6. Spawn SubTurn
+				return spawnSubTurn(ctx, al, parentTS, cfg)
+			})
+
 			// Clone the parent's tool registry so subagents can use all
 			// tools registered so far (file, web, etc.) but NOT spawn/
 			// spawn_status which are added below — preventing recursive
@@ -248,11 +361,18 @@ func registerSharedTools(
 			subagentManager.SetTools(agent.Tools.Clone())
 			if spawnEnabled {
 				spawnTool := tools.NewSpawnTool(subagentManager)
+				spawnTool.SetSpawner(NewSubTurnSpawner(al))
 				currentAgentID := agentID
 				spawnTool.SetAllowlistChecker(func(targetAgentID string) bool {
 					return registry.CanSpawnSubagent(currentAgentID, targetAgentID)
 				})
+
 				agent.Tools.Register(spawnTool)
+
+				// Also register the synchronous subagent tool
+				subagentTool := tools.NewSubagentTool(subagentManager)
+				subagentTool.SetSpawner(NewSubTurnSpawner(al))
+				agent.Tools.Register(subagentTool)
 			}
 			if spawnStatusEnabled {
 				agent.Tools.Register(tools.NewSpawnStatusTool(subagentManager))
@@ -266,6 +386,9 @@ func registerSharedTools(
 func (al *AgentLoop) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	al.running.Store(true)
 
+	if err := al.ensureHooksInitialized(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	if err := al.ensureMCPInitialized(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -278,6 +401,17 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 			if !ok {
 				return nil
 			}
+
+			// Start a goroutine that drains the bus while processMessage is
+			// running. Only messages that resolve to the active turn scope are
+			// redirected into steering; other inbound messages are requeued.
+			drainCancel := func() {}
+			if activeScope, activeAgentID, ok := al.resolveSteeringTarget(msg); ok {
+				drainCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+				drainCancel = cancel
+				go al.drainBusToSteering(drainCtx, activeScope, activeAgentID)
+			}
+
 			// Process message
 			func() {
 				defer func() {
@@ -298,43 +432,95 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 				// 	}
 				// }()
 
+				drainCanceled := false
+				cancelDrain := func() {
+					if drainCanceled {
+						return
+					}
+					drainCancel()
+					drainCanceled = true
+				}
+				defer cancelDrain()
+
 				response, err := al.processMessage(ctx, msg)
 				if err != nil {
 					response = fmt.Sprintf("Error processing message: %v", err)
 				}
+				finalResponse := response
 
-				if response != "" {
-					// Check if the message tool already sent a response during this round.
-					// If so, skip publishing to avoid duplicate messages to the user.
-					// Use default agent's tools to check (message tool is shared).
-					alreadySent := false
-					defaultAgent := al.GetRegistry().GetDefaultAgent()
-					if defaultAgent != nil {
-						if tool, ok := defaultAgent.Tools.Get("message"); ok {
-							if mt, ok := tool.(*tools.MessageTool); ok {
-								alreadySent = mt.HasSentInRound()
-							}
-						}
-					}
-					if !alreadySent {
-						al.bus.PublishOutbound(ctx, bus.OutboundMessage{
-							Channel: msg.Channel,
-							ChatID:  msg.ChatID,
-							Content: response,
+				target, targetErr := al.buildContinuationTarget(msg)
+				if targetErr != nil {
+					logger.WarnCF("agent", "Failed to build steering continuation target",
+						map[string]any{
+							"channel": msg.Channel,
+							"error":   targetErr.Error(),
 						})
-						logger.InfoCF("agent", "Published outbound response",
-							map[string]any{
-								"channel":     msg.Channel,
-								"chat_id":     msg.ChatID,
-								"content_len": len(response),
-							})
-					} else {
-						logger.DebugCF(
-							"agent",
-							"Skipped outbound (message tool already sent)",
-							map[string]any{"channel": msg.Channel},
-						)
+					return
+				}
+				if target == nil {
+					cancelDrain()
+					if finalResponse != "" {
+						al.publishResponseIfNeeded(ctx, msg.Channel, msg.ChatID, finalResponse)
 					}
+					return
+				}
+
+				for al.pendingSteeringCountForScope(target.SessionKey) > 0 {
+					logger.InfoCF("agent", "Continuing queued steering after turn end",
+						map[string]any{
+							"channel":     target.Channel,
+							"chat_id":     target.ChatID,
+							"session_key": target.SessionKey,
+							"queue_depth": al.pendingSteeringCountForScope(target.SessionKey),
+						})
+
+					continued, continueErr := al.Continue(ctx, target.SessionKey, target.Channel, target.ChatID)
+					if continueErr != nil {
+						logger.WarnCF("agent", "Failed to continue queued steering",
+							map[string]any{
+								"channel": target.Channel,
+								"chat_id": target.ChatID,
+								"error":   continueErr.Error(),
+							})
+						return
+					}
+					if continued == "" {
+						return
+					}
+
+					finalResponse = continued
+				}
+
+				cancelDrain()
+
+				for al.pendingSteeringCountForScope(target.SessionKey) > 0 {
+					logger.InfoCF("agent", "Draining steering queued during turn shutdown",
+						map[string]any{
+							"channel":     target.Channel,
+							"chat_id":     target.ChatID,
+							"session_key": target.SessionKey,
+							"queue_depth": al.pendingSteeringCountForScope(target.SessionKey),
+						})
+
+					continued, continueErr := al.Continue(ctx, target.SessionKey, target.Channel, target.ChatID)
+					if continueErr != nil {
+						logger.WarnCF("agent", "Failed to continue queued steering after shutdown drain",
+							map[string]any{
+								"channel": target.Channel,
+								"chat_id": target.ChatID,
+								"error":   continueErr.Error(),
+							})
+						return
+					}
+					if continued == "" {
+						break
+					}
+
+					finalResponse = continued
+				}
+
+				if finalResponse != "" {
+					al.publishResponseIfNeeded(ctx, target.Channel, target.ChatID, finalResponse)
 				}
 			}()
 		default:
@@ -345,10 +531,135 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// drainBusToSteering consumes inbound messages and redirects messages from the
+// active scope into the steering queue. Messages from other scopes are requeued
+// so they can be processed normally after the active turn. It drains all
+// immediately available messages, blocking for the first one until ctx is done.
+func (al *AgentLoop) drainBusToSteering(ctx context.Context, activeScope, activeAgentID string) {
+	blocking := true
+	for {
+		var msg bus.InboundMessage
+
+		if blocking {
+			// Block waiting for the first available message or ctx cancellation.
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case m, ok := <-al.bus.InboundChan():
+				if !ok {
+					return
+				}
+				msg = m
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Non-blocking: drain any remaining queued messages, return when empty.
+			select {
+			case m, ok := <-al.bus.InboundChan():
+				if !ok {
+					return
+				}
+				msg = m
+			default:
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		blocking = false
+
+		msgScope, _, scopeOK := al.resolveSteeringTarget(msg)
+		if !scopeOK || msgScope != activeScope {
+			if err := al.requeueInboundMessage(msg); err != nil {
+				logger.WarnCF("agent", "Failed to requeue non-steering inbound message", map[string]any{
+					"error":     err.Error(),
+					"channel":   msg.Channel,
+					"sender_id": msg.SenderID,
+				})
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Transcribe audio if needed before steering, so the agent sees text.
+		msg, _ = al.transcribeAudioInMessage(ctx, msg)
+
+		logger.InfoCF("agent", "Redirecting inbound message to steering queue",
+			map[string]any{
+				"channel":     msg.Channel,
+				"sender_id":   msg.SenderID,
+				"content_len": len(msg.Content),
+				"scope":       activeScope,
+			})
+
+		if err := al.enqueueSteeringMessage(activeScope, activeAgentID, providers.Message{
+			Role:    "user",
+			Content: msg.Content,
+			Media:   append([]string(nil), msg.Media...),
+		}); err != nil {
+			logger.WarnCF("agent", "Failed to steer message, will be lost",
+				map[string]any{
+					"error":   err.Error(),
+					"channel": msg.Channel,
+				})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (al *AgentLoop) Stop() {
 	al.running.Store(false)
 }
 
+func (al *AgentLoop) publishResponseIfNeeded(ctx context.Context, channel, chatID, response string) {
+	if response == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	alreadySent := false
+	defaultAgent := al.GetRegistry().GetDefaultAgent()
+	if defaultAgent != nil {
+		if tool, ok := defaultAgent.Tools.Get("message"); ok {
+			if mt, ok := tool.(*tools.MessageTool); ok {
+				alreadySent = mt.HasSentInRound()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if alreadySent {
+		logger.DebugCF(
+			"agent",
+			"Skipped outbound (message tool already sent)",
+			map[string]any{"channel": channel},
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	al.bus.PublishOutbound(ctx, bus.OutboundMessage{
+		Channel: channel,
+		ChatID:  chatID,
+		Content: response,
+	})
+	logger.InfoCF("agent", "Published outbound response",
+		map[string]any{
+			"channel":     channel,
+			"chat_id":     chatID,
+			"content_len": len(response),
+		})
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) buildContinuationTarget(msg bus.InboundMessage) (*continuationTarget, error) {
+	if msg.Channel == "system" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	route, _, err := al.resolveMessageRoute(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &continuationTarget{
+		SessionKey: resolveScopeKey(route, msg.SessionKey),
+		Channel:    msg.Channel,
+		ChatID:     msg.ChatID,
+	}, nil
+}
+
 // Close releases resources held by agent session stores. Call after Stop.
 func (al *AgentLoop) Close() {
 	mcpManager := al.mcp.takeManager()
@@ -363,6 +674,232 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) Close() {
 	}
 
 	al.GetRegistry().Close()
+	if al.hooks != nil {
+		al.hooks.Close()
+	}
+	if al.eventBus != nil {
+		al.eventBus.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+// MountHook registers an in-process hook on the agent loop.
+func (al *AgentLoop) MountHook(reg HookRegistration) error {
+	if al == nil || al.hooks == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("hook manager is not initialized")
+	}
+	return al.hooks.Mount(reg)
+}
+
+// UnmountHook removes a previously registered in-process hook.
+func (al *AgentLoop) UnmountHook(name string) {
+	if al == nil || al.hooks == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	al.hooks.Unmount(name)
+}
+
+// SubscribeEvents registers a subscriber for agent-loop events.
+func (al *AgentLoop) SubscribeEvents(buffer int) EventSubscription {
+	if al == nil || al.eventBus == nil {
+		ch := make(chan Event)
+		close(ch)
+		return EventSubscription{C: ch}
+	}
+	return al.eventBus.Subscribe(buffer)
+}
+
+// UnsubscribeEvents removes a previously registered event subscriber.
+func (al *AgentLoop) UnsubscribeEvents(id uint64) {
+	if al == nil || al.eventBus == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	al.eventBus.Unsubscribe(id)
+}
+
+// EventDrops returns the number of dropped events for the given kind.
+func (al *AgentLoop) EventDrops(kind EventKind) int64 {
+	if al == nil || al.eventBus == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return al.eventBus.Dropped(kind)
+}
+
+type turnEventScope struct {
+	agentID    string
+	sessionKey string
+	turnID     string
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) newTurnEventScope(agentID, sessionKey string) turnEventScope {
+	seq := al.turnSeq.Add(1)
+	return turnEventScope{
+		agentID:    agentID,
+		sessionKey: sessionKey,
+		turnID:     fmt.Sprintf("%s-turn-%d", agentID, seq),
+	}
+}
+
+func (ts turnEventScope) meta(iteration int, source, tracePath string) EventMeta {
+	return EventMeta{
+		AgentID:    ts.agentID,
+		TurnID:     ts.turnID,
+		SessionKey: ts.sessionKey,
+		Iteration:  iteration,
+		Source:     source,
+		TracePath:  tracePath,
+	}
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) emitEvent(kind EventKind, meta EventMeta, payload any) {
+	evt := Event{
+		Kind:    kind,
+		Meta:    meta,
+		Payload: payload,
+	}
+
+	if al == nil || al.eventBus == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	al.logEvent(evt)
+
+	al.eventBus.Emit(evt)
+}
+
+func cloneEventArguments(args map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	cloned := make(map[string]any, len(args))
+	for k, v := range args {
+		cloned[k] = v
+	}
+	return cloned
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) hookAbortError(ts *turnState, stage string, decision HookDecision) error {
+	reason := decision.Reason
+	if reason == "" {
+		reason = "hook requested turn abort"
+	}
+
+	err := fmt.Errorf("hook aborted turn during %s: %s", stage, reason)
+	al.emitEvent(
+		EventKindError,
+		ts.eventMeta("hooks", "turn.error"),
+		ErrorPayload{
+			Stage:   "hook." + stage,
+			Message: err.Error(),
+		},
+	)
+	return err
+}
+
+func hookDeniedToolContent(prefix, reason string) string {
+	if reason == "" {
+		return prefix
+	}
+	return prefix + ": " + reason
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) logEvent(evt Event) {
+	fields := map[string]any{
+		"event_kind":  evt.Kind.String(),
+		"agent_id":    evt.Meta.AgentID,
+		"turn_id":     evt.Meta.TurnID,
+		"session_key": evt.Meta.SessionKey,
+		"iteration":   evt.Meta.Iteration,
+	}
+
+	if evt.Meta.TracePath != "" {
+		fields["trace"] = evt.Meta.TracePath
+	}
+	if evt.Meta.Source != "" {
+		fields["source"] = evt.Meta.Source
+	}
+
+	switch payload := evt.Payload.(type) {
+	case TurnStartPayload:
+		fields["channel"] = payload.Channel
+		fields["chat_id"] = payload.ChatID
+		fields["user_len"] = len(payload.UserMessage)
+		fields["media_count"] = payload.MediaCount
+	case TurnEndPayload:
+		fields["status"] = payload.Status
+		fields["iterations_total"] = payload.Iterations
+		fields["duration_ms"] = payload.Duration.Milliseconds()
+		fields["final_len"] = payload.FinalContentLen
+	case LLMRequestPayload:
+		fields["model"] = payload.Model
+		fields["messages"] = payload.MessagesCount
+		fields["tools"] = payload.ToolsCount
+		fields["max_tokens"] = payload.MaxTokens
+	case LLMDeltaPayload:
+		fields["content_delta_len"] = payload.ContentDeltaLen
+		fields["reasoning_delta_len"] = payload.ReasoningDeltaLen
+	case LLMResponsePayload:
+		fields["content_len"] = payload.ContentLen
+		fields["tool_calls"] = payload.ToolCalls
+		fields["has_reasoning"] = payload.HasReasoning
+	case LLMRetryPayload:
+		fields["attempt"] = payload.Attempt
+		fields["max_retries"] = payload.MaxRetries
+		fields["reason"] = payload.Reason
+		fields["error"] = payload.Error
+		fields["backoff_ms"] = payload.Backoff.Milliseconds()
+	case ContextCompressPayload:
+		fields["reason"] = payload.Reason
+		fields["dropped_messages"] = payload.DroppedMessages
+		fields["remaining_messages"] = payload.RemainingMessages
+	case SessionSummarizePayload:
+		fields["summarized_messages"] = payload.SummarizedMessages
+		fields["kept_messages"] = payload.KeptMessages
+		fields["summary_len"] = payload.SummaryLen
+		fields["omitted_oversized"] = payload.OmittedOversized
+	case ToolExecStartPayload:
+		fields["tool"] = payload.Tool
+		fields["args_count"] = len(payload.Arguments)
+	case ToolExecEndPayload:
+		fields["tool"] = payload.Tool
+		fields["duration_ms"] = payload.Duration.Milliseconds()
+		fields["for_llm_len"] = payload.ForLLMLen
+		fields["for_user_len"] = payload.ForUserLen
+		fields["is_error"] = payload.IsError
+		fields["async"] = payload.Async
+	case ToolExecSkippedPayload:
+		fields["tool"] = payload.Tool
+		fields["reason"] = payload.Reason
+	case SteeringInjectedPayload:
+		fields["count"] = payload.Count
+		fields["total_content_len"] = payload.TotalContentLen
+	case FollowUpQueuedPayload:
+		fields["source_tool"] = payload.SourceTool
+		fields["channel"] = payload.Channel
+		fields["chat_id"] = payload.ChatID
+		fields["content_len"] = payload.ContentLen
+	case InterruptReceivedPayload:
+		fields["interrupt_kind"] = payload.Kind
+		fields["role"] = payload.Role
+		fields["content_len"] = payload.ContentLen
+		fields["queue_depth"] = payload.QueueDepth
+		fields["hint_len"] = payload.HintLen
+	case SubTurnSpawnPayload:
+		fields["child_agent_id"] = payload.AgentID
+		fields["label"] = payload.Label
+	case SubTurnEndPayload:
+		fields["child_agent_id"] = payload.AgentID
+		fields["status"] = payload.Status
+	case SubTurnResultDeliveredPayload:
+		fields["target_channel"] = payload.TargetChannel
+		fields["target_chat_id"] = payload.TargetChatID
+		fields["content_len"] = payload.ContentLen
+	case ErrorPayload:
+		fields["stage"] = payload.Stage
+		fields["error"] = payload.Message
+	}
+
+	logger.InfoCF("eventbus", fmt.Sprintf("Agent event: %s", evt.Kind.String()), fields)
 }
 
 func (al *AgentLoop) RegisterTool(tool tools.Tool) {
@@ -432,7 +969,7 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) ReloadProviderAndConfig(
 	}
 
 	// Ensure shared tools are re-registered on the new registry
-	registerSharedTools(cfg, al.bus, registry, provider)
+	registerSharedTools(al, cfg, al.bus, registry, provider)
 
 	// Atomically swap the config and registry under write lock
 	// This ensures readers see a consistent pair
@@ -448,6 +985,9 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) ReloadProviderAndConfig(
 
 	al.mu.Unlock()
 
+	al.hookRuntime.reset(al)
+	configureHookManagerFromConfig(al.hooks, cfg)
+
 	// Close old provider after releasing the lock
 	// This prevents blocking readers while closing
 	if oldProvider, ok := extractProvider(oldRegistry); ok {
@@ -492,13 +1032,13 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) GetConfig() *config.Config {
 func (al *AgentLoop) SetMediaStore(s media.MediaStore) {
 	al.mediaStore = s
 
-	// Propagate store to send_file tools in all agents.
+	// Propagate store to all registered tools that can emit media.
 	registry := al.GetRegistry()
-	registry.ForEachTool("send_file", func(t tools.Tool) {
-		if sf, ok := t.(*tools.SendFileTool); ok {
-			sf.SetMediaStore(s)
+	for _, agentID := range registry.ListAgentIDs() {
+		if agent, ok := registry.GetAgent(agentID); ok {
+			agent.Tools.SetMediaStore(s)
 		}
-	})
+	}
 }
 
 // SetTranscriber injects a voice transcriber for agent-level audio transcription.
@@ -667,6 +1207,9 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) ProcessDirectWithChannel(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	content, sessionKey, channel, chatID string,
 ) (string, error) {
+	if err := al.ensureHooksInitialized(ctx); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
 	if err := al.ensureMCPInitialized(ctx); err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
@@ -688,19 +1231,27 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) ProcessHeartbeat(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	content, channel, chatID string,
 ) (string, error) {
+	if err := al.ensureHooksInitialized(ctx); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := al.ensureMCPInitialized(ctx); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
 	agent := al.GetRegistry().GetDefaultAgent()
 	if agent == nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("no default agent for heartbeat")
 	}
 	return al.runAgentLoop(ctx, agent, processOptions{
-		SessionKey:      "heartbeat",
-		Channel:         channel,
-		ChatID:          chatID,
-		UserMessage:     content,
-		DefaultResponse: defaultResponse,
-		EnableSummary:   false,
-		SendResponse:    false,
-		NoHistory:       true, // Don't load session history for heartbeat
+		SessionKey:           "heartbeat",
+		Channel:              channel,
+		ChatID:               chatID,
+		UserMessage:          content,
+		DefaultResponse:      defaultResponse,
+		EnableSummary:        false,
+		SendResponse:         false,
+		SuppressToolFeedback: true,
+		NoHistory:            true, // Don't load session history for heartbeat
 	})
 }
 
@@ -782,6 +1333,15 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) processMessage(ctx context.Context, msg bus.InboundMessage)
 		return response, nil
 	}
 
+	if pending := al.takePendingSkills(opts.SessionKey); len(pending) > 0 {
+		opts.ForcedSkills = append(opts.ForcedSkills, pending...)
+		logger.InfoCF("agent", "Applying pending skill override",
+			map[string]any{
+				"session_key": opts.SessionKey,
+				"skills":      strings.Join(pending, ","),
+			})
+	}
+
 	return al.runAgentLoop(ctx, agent, opts)
 }
 
@@ -814,6 +1374,32 @@ func resolveScopeKey(route routing.ResolvedRoute, msgSessionKey string) string {
 	return route.SessionKey
 }
 
+func (al *AgentLoop) resolveSteeringTarget(msg bus.InboundMessage) (string, string, bool) {
+	if msg.Channel == "system" {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+
+	route, agent, err := al.resolveMessageRoute(msg)
+	if err != nil || agent == nil {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+
+	return resolveScopeKey(route, msg.SessionKey), agent.ID, true
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) requeueInboundMessage(msg bus.InboundMessage) error {
+	if al.bus == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	pubCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	return al.bus.PublishOutbound(pubCtx, bus.OutboundMessage{
+		Channel: msg.Channel,
+		ChatID:  msg.ChatID,
+		Content: msg.Content,
+	})
+}
+
 func (al *AgentLoop) processSystemMessage(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	msg bus.InboundMessage,
@@ -879,99 +1465,64 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) processSystemMessage(
 	})
 }
 
-// runAgentLoop is the core message processing logic.
+// runAgentLoop remains the top-level shell that starts a turn and publishes
+// any post-turn work. runTurn owns the full turn lifecycle.
 func (al *AgentLoop) runAgentLoop(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	agent *AgentInstance,
 	opts processOptions,
 ) (string, error) {
-	// 0. Record last channel for heartbeat notifications (skip internal channels and cli)
-	if opts.Channel != "" && opts.ChatID != "" {
-		if !constants.IsInternalChannel(opts.Channel) {
-			channelKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", opts.Channel, opts.ChatID)
-			if err := al.RecordLastChannel(channelKey); err != nil {
-				logger.WarnCF(
-					"agent",
-					"Failed to record last channel",
-					map[string]any{"error": err.Error()},
-				)
-			}
+	// Record last channel for heartbeat notifications (skip internal channels and cli)
+	if opts.Channel != "" && opts.ChatID != "" && !constants.IsInternalChannel(opts.Channel) {
+		channelKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", opts.Channel, opts.ChatID)
+		if err := al.RecordLastChannel(channelKey); err != nil {
+			logger.WarnCF(
+				"agent",
+				"Failed to record last channel",
+				map[string]any{"error": err.Error()},
+			)
 		}
 	}
 
-	// 1. Build messages (skip history for heartbeat)
-	var history []providers.Message
-	var summary string
-	if !opts.NoHistory {
-		history = agent.Sessions.GetHistory(opts.SessionKey)
-		summary = agent.Sessions.GetSummary(opts.SessionKey)
-	}
-	messages := agent.ContextBuilder.BuildMessages(
-		history,
-		summary,
-		opts.UserMessage,
-		opts.Media,
-		opts.Channel,
-		opts.ChatID,
-		opts.SenderID,
-		opts.SenderDisplayName,
-	)
-
-	// Resolve media:// refs: images→base64 data URLs, non-images→local paths in content
-	cfg := al.GetConfig()
-	maxMediaSize := cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetMaxMediaSize()
-	messages = resolveMediaRefs(messages, al.mediaStore, maxMediaSize)
-
-	// 2. Save user message to session
-	agent.Sessions.AddMessage(opts.SessionKey, "user", opts.UserMessage)
-
-	// 3. Run LLM iteration loop
-	finalContent, iteration, err := al.runLLMIteration(ctx, agent, messages, opts)
+	ts := newTurnState(agent, opts, al.newTurnEventScope(agent.ID, opts.SessionKey))
+	result, err := al.runTurn(ctx, ts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
+	if result.status == TurnEndStatusAborted {
+		return "", nil
+	}
 
-	// If last tool had ForUser content and we already sent it, we might not need to send final response
-	// This is controlled by the tool's Silent flag and ForUser content
-
-	// 4. Handle empty response
-	if finalContent == "" {
-		if iteration >= agent.MaxIterations && agent.MaxIterations > 0 {
-			finalContent = toolLimitResponse
-		} else {
-			finalContent = opts.DefaultResponse
+	for _, followUp := range result.followUps {
+		if pubErr := al.bus.PublishInbound(ctx, followUp); pubErr != nil {
+			logger.WarnCF("agent", "Failed to publish follow-up after turn",
+				map[string]any{
+					"turn_id": ts.turnID,
+					"error":   pubErr.Error(),
+				})
 		}
 	}
 
-	// 5. Save final assistant message to session
-	agent.Sessions.AddMessage(opts.SessionKey, "assistant", finalContent)
-	agent.Sessions.Save(opts.SessionKey)
-
-	// 6. Optional: summarization
-	if opts.EnableSummary {
-		al.maybeSummarize(agent, opts.SessionKey, opts.Channel, opts.ChatID)
-	}
-
-	// 7. Optional: send response via bus
-	if opts.SendResponse {
+	if opts.SendResponse && result.finalContent != "" {
 		al.bus.PublishOutbound(ctx, bus.OutboundMessage{
 			Channel: opts.Channel,
 			ChatID:  opts.ChatID,
-			Content: finalContent,
+			Content: result.finalContent,
 		})
 	}
 
-	// 8. Log response
-	responsePreview := utils.Truncate(finalContent, 120)
-	logger.InfoCF("agent", fmt.Sprintf("Response: %s", responsePreview),
-		map[string]any{
-			"agent_id":     agent.ID,
-			"session_key":  opts.SessionKey,
-			"iterations":   iteration,
-			"final_length": len(finalContent),
-		})
+	if result.finalContent != "" {
+		responsePreview := utils.Truncate(result.finalContent, 120)
+		logger.InfoCF("agent", fmt.Sprintf("Response: %s", responsePreview),
+			map[string]any{
+				"agent_id":     agent.ID,
+				"session_key":  opts.SessionKey,
+				"iterations":   ts.currentIteration(),
+				"final_length": len(result.finalContent),
+			})
+	}
 
-	return finalContent, nil
+	return result.finalContent, nil
 }
 
 func (al *AgentLoop) targetReasoningChannelID(channelName string) (chatID string) {
@@ -1030,121 +1581,334 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) handleReasoning(
 	}
 }
 
-// runLLMIteration executes the LLM call loop with tool handling.
-// Returns (finalContent, iteration, error).
-func (al *AgentLoop) runLLMIteration(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	agent *AgentInstance,
-	messages []providers.Message,
-	opts processOptions,
-) (string, int, error) {
-	iteration := 0
-	var finalContent string
+func (al *AgentLoop) runTurn(ctx context.Context, ts *turnState) (turnResult, error) {
+	turnCtx, turnCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer turnCancel()
+	ts.setTurnCancel(turnCancel)
 
-	// Check if both the provider and channel support streaming
-	streamProvider, providerCanStream := agent.Provider.(providers.StreamingProvider)
-	var streamer bus.Streamer
-	if providerCanStream && !opts.NoHistory && !constants.IsInternalChannel(opts.Channel) {
-		streamer, _ = al.bus.GetStreamer(ctx, opts.Channel, opts.ChatID)
+	// Inject turnState and AgentLoop into context so tools (e.g. spawn) can retrieve them.
+	turnCtx = withTurnState(turnCtx, ts)
+	turnCtx = WithAgentLoop(turnCtx, al)
+
+	al.registerActiveTurn(ts)
+	defer al.clearActiveTurn(ts)
+
+	turnStatus := TurnEndStatusCompleted
+	defer func() {
+		al.emitEvent(
+			EventKindTurnEnd,
+			ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.end"),
+			TurnEndPayload{
+				Status:          turnStatus,
+				Iterations:      ts.currentIteration(),
+				Duration:        time.Since(ts.startedAt),
+				FinalContentLen: ts.finalContentLen(),
+			},
+		)
+	}()
+
+	al.emitEvent(
+		EventKindTurnStart,
+		ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.start"),
+		TurnStartPayload{
+			Channel:     ts.channel,
+			ChatID:      ts.chatID,
+			UserMessage: ts.userMessage,
+			MediaCount:  len(ts.media),
+		},
+	)
+
+	var history []providers.Message
+	var summary string
+	if !ts.opts.NoHistory {
+		history = ts.agent.Sessions.GetHistory(ts.sessionKey)
+		summary = ts.agent.Sessions.GetSummary(ts.sessionKey)
+	}
+	ts.captureRestorePoint(history, summary)
+
+	messages := ts.agent.ContextBuilder.BuildMessages(
+		history,
+		summary,
+		ts.userMessage,
+		ts.media,
+		ts.channel,
+		ts.chatID,
+		ts.opts.SenderID,
+		ts.opts.SenderDisplayName,
+		activeSkillNames(ts.agent, ts.opts)...,
+	)
+
+	cfg := al.GetConfig()
+	maxMediaSize := cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetMaxMediaSize()
+	messages = resolveMediaRefs(messages, al.mediaStore, maxMediaSize)
+
+	if !ts.opts.NoHistory {
+		toolDefs := ts.agent.Tools.ToProviderDefs()
+		if isOverContextBudget(ts.agent.ContextWindow, messages, toolDefs, ts.agent.MaxTokens) {
+			logger.WarnCF("agent", "Proactive compression: context budget exceeded before LLM call",
+				map[string]any{"session_key": ts.sessionKey})
+			if compression, ok := al.forceCompression(ts.agent, ts.sessionKey); ok {
+				al.emitEvent(
+					EventKindContextCompress,
+					ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.context.compress"),
+					ContextCompressPayload{
+						Reason:            ContextCompressReasonProactive,
+						DroppedMessages:   compression.DroppedMessages,
+						RemainingMessages: compression.RemainingMessages,
+					},
+				)
+				ts.refreshRestorePointFromSession(ts.agent)
+			}
+			newHistory := ts.agent.Sessions.GetHistory(ts.sessionKey)
+			newSummary := ts.agent.Sessions.GetSummary(ts.sessionKey)
+			messages = ts.agent.ContextBuilder.BuildMessages(
+				newHistory, newSummary, ts.userMessage,
+				ts.media, ts.channel, ts.chatID,
+				ts.opts.SenderID, ts.opts.SenderDisplayName,
+				activeSkillNames(ts.agent, ts.opts)...,
+			)
+			messages = resolveMediaRefs(messages, al.mediaStore, maxMediaSize)
+		}
 	}
 
-	// Determine effective model tier for this conversation turn.
-	// selectCandidates evaluates routing once and the decision is sticky for
-	// all tool-follow-up iterations within the same turn so that a multi-step
-	// tool chain doesn't switch models mid-way through.
-	activeCandidates, activeModel := al.selectCandidates(agent, opts.UserMessage, messages)
+	// Save user message to session (from Incoming)
+	if !ts.opts.NoHistory && (strings.TrimSpace(ts.userMessage) != "" || len(ts.media) > 0) {
+		rootMsg := providers.Message{
+			Role:    "user",
+			Content: ts.userMessage,
+			Media:   append([]string(nil), ts.media...),
+		}
+		if len(rootMsg.Media) > 0 {
+			ts.agent.Sessions.AddFullMessage(ts.sessionKey, rootMsg)
+		} else {
+			ts.agent.Sessions.AddMessage(ts.sessionKey, rootMsg.Role, rootMsg.Content)
+		}
+		ts.recordPersistedMessage(rootMsg)
+	}
 
-	for iteration < agent.MaxIterations {
-		iteration++
+	activeCandidates, activeModel := al.selectCandidates(ts.agent, ts.userMessage, messages)
+	pendingMessages := append([]providers.Message(nil), ts.opts.InitialSteeringMessages...)
+	var finalContent string
+
+turnLoop:
+	for ts.currentIteration() < ts.agent.MaxIterations || len(pendingMessages) > 0 || func() bool {
+		graceful, _ := ts.gracefulInterruptRequested()
+		return graceful
+	}() {
+		if ts.hardAbortRequested() {
+			turnStatus = TurnEndStatusAborted
+			return al.abortTurn(ts)
+		}
+
+		iteration := ts.currentIteration() + 1
+		ts.setIteration(iteration)
+		ts.setPhase(TurnPhaseRunning)
+
+		if iteration > 1 {
+			if steerMsgs := al.dequeueSteeringMessagesForScope(ts.sessionKey); len(steerMsgs) > 0 {
+				pendingMessages = append(pendingMessages, steerMsgs...)
+			}
+		} else if !ts.opts.SkipInitialSteeringPoll {
+			if steerMsgs := al.dequeueSteeringMessagesForScopeWithFallback(ts.sessionKey); len(steerMsgs) > 0 {
+				pendingMessages = append(pendingMessages, steerMsgs...)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Check if parent turn has ended (SubTurn support from HEAD)
+		if ts.parentTurnState != nil && ts.IsParentEnded() {
+			if !ts.critical {
+				logger.InfoCF("agent", "Parent turn ended, non-critical SubTurn exiting gracefully", map[string]any{
+					"agent_id":  ts.agentID,
+					"iteration": iteration,
+					"turn_id":   ts.turnID,
+				})
+				break
+			}
+			logger.InfoCF("agent", "Parent turn ended, critical SubTurn continues running", map[string]any{
+				"agent_id":  ts.agentID,
+				"iteration": iteration,
+				"turn_id":   ts.turnID,
+			})
+		}
+
+		// Poll for pending SubTurn results (from HEAD)
+		if ts.pendingResults != nil {
+			select {
+			case result, ok := <-ts.pendingResults:
+				if ok && result != nil && result.ForLLM != "" {
+					content := al.cfg.FilterSensitiveData(result.ForLLM)
+					msg := providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: fmt.Sprintf("[SubTurn Result] %s", content)}
+					pendingMessages = append(pendingMessages, msg)
+				}
+			default:
+				// No results available
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Inject pending steering messages
+		if len(pendingMessages) > 0 {
+			resolvedPending := resolveMediaRefs(pendingMessages, al.mediaStore, maxMediaSize)
+			totalContentLen := 0
+			for i, pm := range pendingMessages {
+				messages = append(messages, resolvedPending[i])
+				totalContentLen += len(pm.Content)
+				if !ts.opts.NoHistory {
+					ts.agent.Sessions.AddFullMessage(ts.sessionKey, pm)
+					ts.recordPersistedMessage(pm)
+				}
+				logger.InfoCF("agent", "Injected steering message into context",
+					map[string]any{
+						"agent_id":    ts.agent.ID,
+						"iteration":   iteration,
+						"content_len": len(pm.Content),
+						"media_count": len(pm.Media),
+					})
+			}
+			al.emitEvent(
+				EventKindSteeringInjected,
+				ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.steering.injected"),
+				SteeringInjectedPayload{
+					Count:           len(pendingMessages),
+					TotalContentLen: totalContentLen,
+				},
+			)
+			pendingMessages = nil
+		}
 
 		logger.DebugCF("agent", "LLM iteration",
 			map[string]any{
-				"agent_id":  agent.ID,
+				"agent_id":  ts.agent.ID,
 				"iteration": iteration,
-				"max":       agent.MaxIterations,
+				"max":       ts.agent.MaxIterations,
 			})
 
-		// Build tool definitions
-		providerToolDefs := agent.Tools.ToProviderDefs()
+		gracefulTerminal, _ := ts.gracefulInterruptRequested()
+		providerToolDefs := ts.agent.Tools.ToProviderDefs()
 
-		// Determine whether the provider's native web search should replace
-		// the client-side web_search tool for this request. Only enable when web
-		// search is actually enabled and registered (so users who disabled web
-		// access do not get provider-side search or billing).
-		_, hasWebSearch := agent.Tools.Get("web_search")
+		// Native web search support (from HEAD)
+		_, hasWebSearch := ts.agent.Tools.Get("web_search")
 		useNativeSearch := al.cfg.Tools.Web.PreferNative &&
-			isNativeSearchProvider(agent.Provider) &&
-			hasWebSearch
+			hasWebSearch &&
+			func() bool {
+				// Check if provider supports native search
+				if ns, ok := ts.agent.Provider.(interface{ SupportsNativeSearch() bool }); ok {
+					return ns.SupportsNativeSearch()
+				}
+				return false
+			}()
 
 		if useNativeSearch {
-			providerToolDefs = filterClientWebSearch(providerToolDefs)
+			// Filter out client-side web_search tool
+			filtered := make([]providers.ToolDefinition, 0, len(providerToolDefs))
+			for _, td := range providerToolDefs {
+				if td.Function.Name != "web_search" {
+					filtered = append(filtered, td)
+				}
+			}
+			providerToolDefs = filtered
 		}
 
-		// Log LLM request details
-		logger.DebugCF("agent", "LLM request",
-			map[string]any{
-				"agent_id":          agent.ID,
-				"iteration":         iteration,
-				"model":             activeModel,
-				"messages_count":    len(messages),
-				"tools_count":       len(providerToolDefs),
-				"native_search":     useNativeSearch,
-				"max_tokens":        agent.MaxTokens,
-				"temperature":       agent.Temperature,
-				"system_prompt_len": len(messages[0].Content),
-			})
-
-		// Log full messages (detailed)
-		logger.DebugCF("agent", "Full LLM request",
-			map[string]any{
-				"iteration":     iteration,
-				"messages_json": formatMessagesForLog(messages),
-				"tools_json":    formatToolsForLog(providerToolDefs),
-			})
-
-		// Call LLM with fallback chain if multiple candidates are configured.
-		var response *providers.LLMResponse
-		var err error
+		callMessages := messages
+		if gracefulTerminal {
+			callMessages = append(append([]providers.Message(nil), messages...), ts.interruptHintMessage())
+			providerToolDefs = nil
+			ts.markGracefulTerminalUsed()
+		}
 
 		llmOpts := map[string]any{
-			"max_tokens":       agent.MaxTokens,
-			"temperature":      agent.Temperature,
-			"prompt_cache_key": agent.ID,
+			"max_tokens":       ts.agent.MaxTokens,
+			"temperature":      ts.agent.Temperature,
+			"prompt_cache_key": ts.agent.ID,
 		}
 		if useNativeSearch {
 			llmOpts["native_search"] = true
 		}
-		// parseThinkingLevel guarantees ThinkingOff for empty/unknown values,
-		// so checking != ThinkingOff is sufficient.
-		if agent.ThinkingLevel != ThinkingOff {
-			if tc, ok := agent.Provider.(providers.ThinkingCapable); ok && tc.SupportsThinking() {
-				llmOpts["thinking_level"] = string(agent.ThinkingLevel)
+		if ts.agent.ThinkingLevel != ThinkingOff {
+			if tc, ok := ts.agent.Provider.(providers.ThinkingCapable); ok && tc.SupportsThinking() {
+				llmOpts["thinking_level"] = string(ts.agent.ThinkingLevel)
 			} else {
 				logger.WarnCF("agent", "thinking_level is set but current provider does not support it, ignoring",
-					map[string]any{"agent_id": agent.ID, "thinking_level": string(agent.ThinkingLevel)})
+					map[string]any{"agent_id": ts.agent.ID, "thinking_level": string(ts.agent.ThinkingLevel)})
 			}
 		}
 
-		callLLM := func() (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+		llmModel := activeModel
+		if al.hooks != nil {
+			llmReq, decision := al.hooks.BeforeLLM(turnCtx, &LLMHookRequest{
+				Meta:             ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.llm.request"),
+				Model:            llmModel,
+				Messages:         callMessages,
+				Tools:            providerToolDefs,
+				Options:          llmOpts,
+				Channel:          ts.channel,
+				ChatID:           ts.chatID,
+				GracefulTerminal: gracefulTerminal,
+			})
+			switch decision.normalizedAction() {
+			case HookActionContinue, HookActionModify:
+				if llmReq != nil {
+					llmModel = llmReq.Model
+					callMessages = llmReq.Messages
+					providerToolDefs = llmReq.Tools
+					llmOpts = llmReq.Options
+				}
+			case HookActionAbortTurn:
+				turnStatus = TurnEndStatusError
+				return turnResult{}, al.hookAbortError(ts, "before_llm", decision)
+			case HookActionHardAbort:
+				_ = ts.requestHardAbort()
+				turnStatus = TurnEndStatusAborted
+				return al.abortTurn(ts)
+			}
+		}
+
+		al.emitEvent(
+			EventKindLLMRequest,
+			ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.llm.request"),
+			LLMRequestPayload{
+				Model:         llmModel,
+				MessagesCount: len(callMessages),
+				ToolsCount:    len(providerToolDefs),
+				MaxTokens:     ts.agent.MaxTokens,
+				Temperature:   ts.agent.Temperature,
+			},
+		)
+
+		logger.DebugCF("agent", "LLM request",
+			map[string]any{
+				"agent_id":          ts.agent.ID,
+				"iteration":         iteration,
+				"model":             llmModel,
+				"messages_count":    len(callMessages),
+				"tools_count":       len(providerToolDefs),
+				"max_tokens":        ts.agent.MaxTokens,
+				"temperature":       ts.agent.Temperature,
+				"system_prompt_len": len(callMessages[0].Content),
+			})
+		logger.DebugCF("agent", "Full LLM request",
+			map[string]any{
+				"iteration":     iteration,
+				"messages_json": formatMessagesForLog(callMessages),
+				"tools_json":    formatToolsForLog(providerToolDefs),
+			})
+
+		callLLM := func(messagesForCall []providers.Message, toolDefsForCall []providers.ToolDefinition) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+			providerCtx, providerCancel := context.WithCancel(turnCtx)
+			ts.setProviderCancel(providerCancel)
+			defer func() {
+				providerCancel()
+				ts.clearProviderCancel(providerCancel)
+			}()
+
 			al.activeRequests.Add(1)
 			defer al.activeRequests.Done()
 
-			// Use streaming when available (streamer obtained, provider supports it)
-			if streamer != nil && streamProvider != nil {
-				return streamProvider.ChatStream(
-					ctx, messages, providerToolDefs, activeModel, llmOpts,
-					func(accumulated string) {
-						streamer.Update(ctx, accumulated)
-					},
-				)
-			}
-
 			if len(activeCandidates) > 1 && al.fallback != nil {
 				fbResult, fbErr := al.fallback.Execute(
-					ctx,
+					providerCtx,
 					activeCandidates,
 					func(ctx context.Context, provider, model string) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
-						return agent.Provider.Chat(ctx, messages, providerToolDefs, model, llmOpts)
+						return ts.agent.Provider.Chat(ctx, messagesForCall, toolDefsForCall, model, llmOpts)
 					},
 				)
 				if fbErr != nil {
@@ -1155,34 +1919,37 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) runLLMIteration(
 						"agent",
 						fmt.Sprintf("Fallback: succeeded with %s/%s after %d attempts",
 							fbResult.Provider, fbResult.Model, len(fbResult.Attempts)+1),
-						map[string]any{"agent_id": agent.ID, "iteration": iteration},
+						map[string]any{"agent_id": ts.agent.ID, "iteration": iteration},
 					)
 				}
 				return fbResult.Response, nil
 			}
-			return agent.Provider.Chat(ctx, messages, providerToolDefs, activeModel, llmOpts)
+			return ts.agent.Provider.Chat(providerCtx, messagesForCall, toolDefsForCall, llmModel, llmOpts)
 		}
 
-		// Retry loop for context/token errors
+		var response *providers.LLMResponse
+		var err error
 		maxRetries := 2
 		for retry := 0; retry <= maxRetries; retry++ {
-			response, err = callLLM()
+			response, err = callLLM(callMessages, providerToolDefs)
 			if err == nil {
 				break
 			}
+			if ts.hardAbortRequested() && errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+				turnStatus = TurnEndStatusAborted
+				return al.abortTurn(ts)
+			}
 
 			errMsg := strings.ToLower(err.Error())
-
-			// Check if this is a network/HTTP timeout — not a context window error.
 			isTimeoutError := errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) ||
 				strings.Contains(errMsg, "deadline exceeded") ||
 				strings.Contains(errMsg, "client.timeout") ||
 				strings.Contains(errMsg, "timed out") ||
 				strings.Contains(errMsg, "timeout exceeded")
 
-			// Detect real context window / token limit errors, excluding network timeouts.
 			isContextError := !isTimeoutError && (strings.Contains(errMsg, "context_length_exceeded") ||
 				strings.Contains(errMsg, "context window") ||
+				strings.Contains(errMsg, "context_window") ||
 				strings.Contains(errMsg, "maximum context length") ||
 				strings.Contains(errMsg, "token limit") ||
 				strings.Contains(errMsg, "too many tokens") ||
@@ -1193,16 +1960,44 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) runLLMIteration(
 
 			if isTimeoutError && retry < maxRetries {
 				backoff := time.Duration(retry+1) * 5 * time.Second
+				al.emitEvent(
+					EventKindLLMRetry,
+					ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.llm.retry"),
+					LLMRetryPayload{
+						Attempt:    retry + 1,
+						MaxRetries: maxRetries,
+						Reason:     "timeout",
+						Error:      err.Error(),
+						Backoff:    backoff,
+					},
+				)
 				logger.WarnCF("agent", "Timeout error, retrying after backoff", map[string]any{
 					"error":   err.Error(),
 					"retry":   retry,
 					"backoff": backoff.String(),
 				})
-				time.Sleep(backoff)
+				if sleepErr := sleepWithContext(turnCtx, backoff); sleepErr != nil {
+					if ts.hardAbortRequested() {
+						turnStatus = TurnEndStatusAborted
+						return al.abortTurn(ts)
+					}
+					err = sleepErr
+					break
+				}
 				continue
 			}
 
-			if isContextError && retry < maxRetries {
+			if isContextError && retry < maxRetries && !ts.opts.NoHistory {
+				al.emitEvent(
+					EventKindLLMRetry,
+					ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.llm.retry"),
+					LLMRetryPayload{
+						Attempt:    retry + 1,
+						MaxRetries: maxRetries,
+						Reason:     "context_limit",
+						Error:      err.Error(),
+					},
+				)
 				logger.WarnCF(
 					"agent",
 					"Context window error detected, attempting compression",
@@ -1212,104 +2007,169 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) runLLMIteration(
 					},
 				)
 
-				if retry == 0 && !constants.IsInternalChannel(opts.Channel) {
+				if retry == 0 && !constants.IsInternalChannel(ts.channel) {
 					al.bus.PublishOutbound(ctx, bus.OutboundMessage{
-						Channel: opts.Channel,
-						ChatID:  opts.ChatID,
+						Channel: ts.channel,
+						ChatID:  ts.chatID,
 						Content: "Context window exceeded. Compressing history and retrying...",
 					})
 				}
 
-				al.forceCompression(agent, opts.SessionKey)
-				newHistory := agent.Sessions.GetHistory(opts.SessionKey)
-				newSummary := agent.Sessions.GetSummary(opts.SessionKey)
-				messages = agent.ContextBuilder.BuildMessages(
+				if compression, ok := al.forceCompression(ts.agent, ts.sessionKey); ok {
+					al.emitEvent(
+						EventKindContextCompress,
+						ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.context.compress"),
+						ContextCompressPayload{
+							Reason:            ContextCompressReasonRetry,
+							DroppedMessages:   compression.DroppedMessages,
+							RemainingMessages: compression.RemainingMessages,
+						},
+					)
+					ts.refreshRestorePointFromSession(ts.agent)
+				}
+
+				newHistory := ts.agent.Sessions.GetHistory(ts.sessionKey)
+				newSummary := ts.agent.Sessions.GetSummary(ts.sessionKey)
+				messages = ts.agent.ContextBuilder.BuildMessages(
 					newHistory, newSummary, "",
-					nil, opts.Channel, opts.ChatID, opts.SenderID, opts.SenderDisplayName,
+					nil, ts.channel, ts.chatID, ts.opts.SenderID, ts.opts.SenderDisplayName,
+					activeSkillNames(ts.agent, ts.opts)...,
 				)
+				callMessages = messages
+				if gracefulTerminal {
+					callMessages = append(append([]providers.Message(nil), messages...), ts.interruptHintMessage())
+				}
 				continue
 			}
 			break
 		}
 
 		if err != nil {
+			turnStatus = TurnEndStatusError
+			al.emitEvent(
+				EventKindError,
+				ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.error"),
+				ErrorPayload{
+					Stage:   "llm",
+					Message: err.Error(),
+				},
+			)
 			logger.ErrorCF("agent", "LLM call failed",
 				map[string]any{
-					"agent_id":  agent.ID,
+					"agent_id":  ts.agent.ID,
 					"iteration": iteration,
-					"model":     activeModel,
+					"model":     llmModel,
 					"error":     err.Error(),
 				})
-			return "", iteration, fmt.Errorf("LLM call failed after retries: %w", err)
+			return turnResult{}, fmt.Errorf("LLM call failed after retries: %w", err)
 		}
 
+		if al.hooks != nil {
+			llmResp, decision := al.hooks.AfterLLM(turnCtx, &LLMHookResponse{
+				Meta:     ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.llm.response"),
+				Model:    llmModel,
+				Response: response,
+				Channel:  ts.channel,
+				ChatID:   ts.chatID,
+			})
+			switch decision.normalizedAction() {
+			case HookActionContinue, HookActionModify:
+				if llmResp != nil && llmResp.Response != nil {
+					response = llmResp.Response
+				}
+			case HookActionAbortTurn:
+				turnStatus = TurnEndStatusError
+				return turnResult{}, al.hookAbortError(ts, "after_llm", decision)
+			case HookActionHardAbort:
+				_ = ts.requestHardAbort()
+				turnStatus = TurnEndStatusAborted
+				return al.abortTurn(ts)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Save finishReason to turnState for SubTurn truncation detection
+		if innerTS := turnStateFromContext(ctx); innerTS != nil {
+			innerTS.SetLastFinishReason(response.FinishReason)
+			// Save usage for token budget tracking
+			if response.Usage != nil {
+				innerTS.SetLastUsage(response.Usage)
+			}
+		}
+
+		reasoningContent := response.Reasoning
+		if reasoningContent == "" {
+			reasoningContent = response.ReasoningContent
+		}
 		go al.handleReasoning(
-			ctx,
-			response.Reasoning,
-			opts.Channel,
-			al.targetReasoningChannelID(opts.Channel),
+			turnCtx,
+			reasoningContent,
+			ts.channel,
+			al.targetReasoningChannelID(ts.channel),
+		)
+		al.emitEvent(
+			EventKindLLMResponse,
+			ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.llm.response"),
+			LLMResponsePayload{
+				ContentLen:   len(response.Content),
+				ToolCalls:    len(response.ToolCalls),
+				HasReasoning: response.Reasoning != "" || response.ReasoningContent != "",
+			},
 		)
 
 		logger.DebugCF("agent", "LLM response",
 			map[string]any{
-				"agent_id":       agent.ID,
+				"agent_id":       ts.agent.ID,
 				"iteration":      iteration,
 				"content_chars":  len(response.Content),
 				"tool_calls":     len(response.ToolCalls),
 				"reasoning":      response.Reasoning,
-				"target_channel": al.targetReasoningChannelID(opts.Channel),
-				"channel":        opts.Channel,
+				"target_channel": al.targetReasoningChannelID(ts.channel),
+				"channel":        ts.channel,
 			})
-		// Check if no tool calls - then check reasoning content if any
-		if len(response.ToolCalls) == 0 {
-			finalContent = response.Content
-			if finalContent == "" && response.ReasoningContent != "" {
-				finalContent = response.ReasoningContent
-			}
 
-			// If we were streaming, finalize the message (sends the permanent message)
-			if streamer != nil {
-				if err := streamer.Finalize(ctx, finalContent); err != nil {
-					logger.WarnCF("agent", "Stream finalize failed", map[string]any{
-						"error": err.Error(),
+		if len(response.ToolCalls) == 0 || gracefulTerminal {
+			responseContent := response.Content
+			if responseContent == "" && response.ReasoningContent != "" {
+				responseContent = response.ReasoningContent
+			}
+			if steerMsgs := al.dequeueSteeringMessagesForScope(ts.sessionKey); len(steerMsgs) > 0 {
+				logger.InfoCF("agent", "Steering arrived after direct LLM response; continuing turn",
+					map[string]any{
+						"agent_id":       ts.agent.ID,
+						"iteration":      iteration,
+						"steering_count": len(steerMsgs),
 					})
-				}
+				pendingMessages = append(pendingMessages, steerMsgs...)
+				continue
 			}
-
+			finalContent = responseContent
 			logger.InfoCF("agent", "LLM response without tool calls (direct answer)",
 				map[string]any{
-					"agent_id":      agent.ID,
+					"agent_id":      ts.agent.ID,
 					"iteration":     iteration,
 					"content_chars": len(finalContent),
-					"streamed":      streamer != nil,
 				})
 			break
 		}
 
-		// Tool calls detected — cancel any active stream (draft auto-expires)
-		if streamer != nil {
-			streamer.Cancel(ctx)
-		}
-
 		normalizedToolCalls := make([]providers.ToolCall, 0, len(response.ToolCalls))
 		for _, tc := range response.ToolCalls {
 			normalizedToolCalls = append(normalizedToolCalls, providers.NormalizeToolCall(tc))
 		}
 
-		// Log tool calls
 		toolNames := make([]string, 0, len(normalizedToolCalls))
 		for _, tc := range normalizedToolCalls {
 			toolNames = append(toolNames, tc.Name)
 		}
 		logger.InfoCF("agent", "LLM requested tool calls",
 			map[string]any{
-				"agent_id":  agent.ID,
+				"agent_id":  ts.agent.ID,
 				"tools":     toolNames,
 				"count":     len(normalizedToolCalls),
 				"iteration": iteration,
 			})
 
-		// Build assistant message with tool calls
+		allResponsesHandled := len(normalizedToolCalls) > 0
 		assistantMsg := providers.Message{
 			Role:             "assistant",
 			Content:          response.Content,
@@ -1317,13 +2177,11 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) runLLMIteration(
 		}
 		for _, tc := range normalizedToolCalls {
 			argumentsJSON, _ := json.Marshal(tc.Arguments)
-			// Copy ExtraContent to ensure thought_signature is persisted for Gemini 3
 			extraContent := tc.ExtraContent
 			thoughtSignature := ""
 			if tc.Function != nil {
 				thoughtSignature = tc.Function.ThoughtSignature
 			}
-
 			assistantMsg.ToolCalls = append(assistantMsg.ToolCalls, providers.ToolCall{
 				ID:   tc.ID,
 				Type: "function",
@@ -1338,127 +2196,239 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) runLLMIteration(
 			})
 		}
 		messages = append(messages, assistantMsg)
-
-		// Save assistant message with tool calls to session
-		agent.Sessions.AddFullMessage(opts.SessionKey, assistantMsg)
-
-		// Execute tool calls in parallel
-		type indexedAgentResult struct {
-			result *tools.ToolResult
-			tc     providers.ToolCall
+		if !ts.opts.NoHistory {
+			ts.agent.Sessions.AddFullMessage(ts.sessionKey, assistantMsg)
+			ts.recordPersistedMessage(assistantMsg)
 		}
 
-		agentResults := make([]indexedAgentResult, len(normalizedToolCalls))
-		var wg sync.WaitGroup
-
+		ts.setPhase(TurnPhaseTools)
 		for i, tc := range normalizedToolCalls {
-			agentResults[i].tc = tc
-
-			wg.Add(1)
-			go func(idx int, tc providers.ToolCall) {
-				defer wg.Done()
-
-				argsJSON, _ := json.Marshal(tc.Arguments)
-				argsPreview := utils.Truncate(string(argsJSON), 200)
-				logger.InfoCF("agent", fmt.Sprintf("Tool call: %s(%s)", tc.Name, argsPreview),
-					map[string]any{
-						"agent_id":  agent.ID,
-						"tool":      tc.Name,
-						"iteration": iteration,
-					})
-
-				// Send tool feedback to chat channel if enabled
-				if al.cfg.Agents.Defaults.IsToolFeedbackEnabled() && opts.Channel != "" {
-					feedbackPreview := utils.Truncate(
-						string(argsJSON),
-						al.cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetToolFeedbackMaxArgsLength(),
-					)
-					feedbackMsg := fmt.Sprintf("\U0001f527 `%s`\n```\n%s\n```", tc.Name, feedbackPreview)
-					fbCtx, fbCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 3*time.Second)
-					_ = al.bus.PublishOutbound(fbCtx, bus.OutboundMessage{
-						Channel: opts.Channel,
-						ChatID:  opts.ChatID,
-						Content: feedbackMsg,
-					})
-					fbCancel()
-				}
-
-				// Create async callback for tools that implement AsyncExecutor.
-				// When the background work completes, this publishes the result
-				// as an inbound system message so processSystemMessage routes it
-				// back to the user via the normal agent loop.
-				asyncCallback := func(_ context.Context, result *tools.ToolResult) {
-					// Send ForUser content directly to the user (immediate feedback),
-					// mirroring the synchronous tool execution path.
-					if !result.Silent && result.ForUser != "" {
-						outCtx, outCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-						defer outCancel()
-						_ = al.bus.PublishOutbound(outCtx, bus.OutboundMessage{
-							Channel: opts.Channel,
-							ChatID:  opts.ChatID,
-							Content: result.ForUser,
-						})
-					}
-
-					// Determine content for the agent loop (ForLLM or error).
-					content := result.ForLLM
-					if content == "" && result.Err != nil {
-						content = result.Err.Error()
-					}
-					if content == "" {
-						return
-					}
-
-					logger.InfoCF("agent", "Async tool completed, publishing result",
-						map[string]any{
-							"tool":        tc.Name,
-							"content_len": len(content),
-							"channel":     opts.Channel,
-						})
-
-					pubCtx, pubCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-					defer pubCancel()
-					_ = al.bus.PublishInbound(pubCtx, bus.InboundMessage{
-						Channel:  "system",
-						SenderID: fmt.Sprintf("async:%s", tc.Name),
-						ChatID:   fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", opts.Channel, opts.ChatID),
-						Content:  content,
-					})
-				}
-
-				toolResult := agent.Tools.ExecuteWithContext(
-					ctx,
-					tc.Name,
-					tc.Arguments,
-					opts.Channel,
-					opts.ChatID,
-					asyncCallback,
-				)
-				agentResults[idx].result = toolResult
-			}(i, tc)
-		}
-		wg.Wait()
-
-		// Process results in original order (send to user, save to session)
-		for _, r := range agentResults {
-			// Send ForUser content to user immediately if not Silent
-			if !r.result.Silent && r.result.ForUser != "" && opts.SendResponse {
-				al.bus.PublishOutbound(ctx, bus.OutboundMessage{
-					Channel: opts.Channel,
-					ChatID:  opts.ChatID,
-					Content: r.result.ForUser,
-				})
-				logger.DebugCF("agent", "Sent tool result to user",
-					map[string]any{
-						"tool":        r.tc.Name,
-						"content_len": len(r.result.ForUser),
-					})
+			if ts.hardAbortRequested() {
+				turnStatus = TurnEndStatusAborted
+				return al.abortTurn(ts)
 			}
 
-			// If tool returned media refs, publish them as outbound media
-			if len(r.result.Media) > 0 {
-				parts := make([]bus.MediaPart, 0, len(r.result.Media))
-				for _, ref := range r.result.Media {
+			toolName := tc.Name
+			toolArgs := cloneStringAnyMap(tc.Arguments)
+
+			if al.hooks != nil {
+				toolReq, decision := al.hooks.BeforeTool(turnCtx, &ToolCallHookRequest{
+					Meta:      ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.tool.before"),
+					Tool:      toolName,
+					Arguments: toolArgs,
+					Channel:   ts.channel,
+					ChatID:    ts.chatID,
+				})
+				switch decision.normalizedAction() {
+				case HookActionContinue, HookActionModify:
+					if toolReq != nil {
+						toolName = toolReq.Tool
+						toolArgs = toolReq.Arguments
+					}
+				case HookActionDenyTool:
+					allResponsesHandled = false
+					denyContent := hookDeniedToolContent("Tool execution denied by hook", decision.Reason)
+					al.emitEvent(
+						EventKindToolExecSkipped,
+						ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.tool.skipped"),
+						ToolExecSkippedPayload{
+							Tool:   toolName,
+							Reason: denyContent,
+						},
+					)
+					deniedMsg := providers.Message{
+						Role:       "tool",
+						Content:    denyContent,
+						ToolCallID: tc.ID,
+					}
+					messages = append(messages, deniedMsg)
+					if !ts.opts.NoHistory {
+						ts.agent.Sessions.AddFullMessage(ts.sessionKey, deniedMsg)
+						ts.recordPersistedMessage(deniedMsg)
+					}
+					continue
+				case HookActionAbortTurn:
+					turnStatus = TurnEndStatusError
+					return turnResult{}, al.hookAbortError(ts, "before_tool", decision)
+				case HookActionHardAbort:
+					_ = ts.requestHardAbort()
+					turnStatus = TurnEndStatusAborted
+					return al.abortTurn(ts)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if al.hooks != nil {
+				approval := al.hooks.ApproveTool(turnCtx, &ToolApprovalRequest{
+					Meta:      ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.tool.approve"),
+					Tool:      toolName,
+					Arguments: toolArgs,
+					Channel:   ts.channel,
+					ChatID:    ts.chatID,
+				})
+				if !approval.Approved {
+					allResponsesHandled = false
+					denyContent := hookDeniedToolContent("Tool execution denied by approval hook", approval.Reason)
+					al.emitEvent(
+						EventKindToolExecSkipped,
+						ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.tool.skipped"),
+						ToolExecSkippedPayload{
+							Tool:   toolName,
+							Reason: denyContent,
+						},
+					)
+					deniedMsg := providers.Message{
+						Role:       "tool",
+						Content:    denyContent,
+						ToolCallID: tc.ID,
+					}
+					messages = append(messages, deniedMsg)
+					if !ts.opts.NoHistory {
+						ts.agent.Sessions.AddFullMessage(ts.sessionKey, deniedMsg)
+						ts.recordPersistedMessage(deniedMsg)
+					}
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+
+			argsJSON, _ := json.Marshal(toolArgs)
+			argsPreview := utils.Truncate(string(argsJSON), 200)
+			logger.InfoCF("agent", fmt.Sprintf("Tool call: %s(%s)", toolName, argsPreview),
+				map[string]any{
+					"agent_id":  ts.agent.ID,
+					"tool":      toolName,
+					"iteration": iteration,
+				})
+			al.emitEvent(
+				EventKindToolExecStart,
+				ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.tool.start"),
+				ToolExecStartPayload{
+					Tool:      toolName,
+					Arguments: cloneEventArguments(toolArgs),
+				},
+			)
+
+			// Send tool feedback to chat channel if enabled (from HEAD)
+			if al.cfg.Agents.Defaults.IsToolFeedbackEnabled() &&
+				ts.channel != "" &&
+				!ts.opts.SuppressToolFeedback {
+				feedbackPreview := utils.Truncate(
+					string(argsJSON),
+					al.cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetToolFeedbackMaxArgsLength(),
+				)
+				feedbackMsg := fmt.Sprintf("\U0001f527 `%s`\n```\n%s\n```", tc.Name, feedbackPreview)
+				fbCtx, fbCancel := context.WithTimeout(turnCtx, 3*time.Second)
+				_ = al.bus.PublishOutbound(fbCtx, bus.OutboundMessage{
+					Channel: ts.channel,
+					ChatID:  ts.chatID,
+					Content: feedbackMsg,
+				})
+				fbCancel()
+			}
+
+			toolCallID := tc.ID
+			toolIteration := iteration
+			asyncToolName := toolName
+			asyncCallback := func(_ context.Context, result *tools.ToolResult) {
+				// Send ForUser content directly to the user (immediate feedback),
+				// mirroring the synchronous tool execution path.
+				if !result.Silent && result.ForUser != "" {
+					outCtx, outCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+					defer outCancel()
+					_ = al.bus.PublishOutbound(outCtx, bus.OutboundMessage{
+						Channel: ts.channel,
+						ChatID:  ts.chatID,
+						Content: result.ForUser,
+					})
+				}
+
+				// Determine content for the agent loop (ForLLM or error).
+				content := result.ContentForLLM()
+				if content == "" {
+					return
+				}
+
+				// Filter sensitive data before publishing
+				content = al.cfg.FilterSensitiveData(content)
+
+				logger.InfoCF("agent", "Async tool completed, publishing result",
+					map[string]any{
+						"tool":        asyncToolName,
+						"content_len": len(content),
+						"channel":     ts.channel,
+					})
+				al.emitEvent(
+					EventKindFollowUpQueued,
+					ts.scope.meta(toolIteration, "runTurn", "turn.follow_up.queued"),
+					FollowUpQueuedPayload{
+						SourceTool: asyncToolName,
+						Channel:    ts.channel,
+						ChatID:     ts.chatID,
+						ContentLen: len(content),
+					},
+				)
+
+				pubCtx, pubCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+				defer pubCancel()
+				_ = al.bus.PublishInbound(pubCtx, bus.InboundMessage{
+					Channel:  "system",
+					SenderID: fmt.Sprintf("async:%s", asyncToolName),
+					ChatID:   fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", ts.channel, ts.chatID),
+					Content:  content,
+				})
+			}
+
+			toolStart := time.Now()
+			toolResult := ts.agent.Tools.ExecuteWithContext(
+				turnCtx,
+				toolName,
+				toolArgs,
+				ts.channel,
+				ts.chatID,
+				asyncCallback,
+			)
+			toolDuration := time.Since(toolStart)
+
+			if ts.hardAbortRequested() {
+				turnStatus = TurnEndStatusAborted
+				return al.abortTurn(ts)
+			}
+
+			if al.hooks != nil {
+				toolResp, decision := al.hooks.AfterTool(turnCtx, &ToolResultHookResponse{
+					Meta:      ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.tool.after"),
+					Tool:      toolName,
+					Arguments: toolArgs,
+					Result:    toolResult,
+					Duration:  toolDuration,
+					Channel:   ts.channel,
+					ChatID:    ts.chatID,
+				})
+				switch decision.normalizedAction() {
+				case HookActionContinue, HookActionModify:
+					if toolResp != nil {
+						if toolResp.Tool != "" {
+							toolName = toolResp.Tool
+						}
+						if toolResp.Result != nil {
+							toolResult = toolResp.Result
+						}
+					}
+				case HookActionAbortTurn:
+					turnStatus = TurnEndStatusError
+					return turnResult{}, al.hookAbortError(ts, "after_tool", decision)
+				case HookActionHardAbort:
+					_ = ts.requestHardAbort()
+					turnStatus = TurnEndStatusAborted
+					return al.abortTurn(ts)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if toolResult == nil {
+				toolResult = tools.ErrorResult("hook returned nil tool result")
+			}
+			if len(toolResult.Media) > 0 && toolResult.ResponseHandled {
+				parts := make([]bus.MediaPart, 0, len(toolResult.Media))
+				for _, ref := range toolResult.Media {
 					part := bus.MediaPart{Ref: ref}
 					if al.mediaStore != nil {
 						if _, meta, err := al.mediaStore.ResolveWithMeta(ref); err == nil {
@@ -1469,43 +2439,301 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) runLLMIteration(
 					}
 					parts = append(parts, part)
 				}
-				al.bus.PublishOutboundMedia(ctx, bus.OutboundMediaMessage{
-					Channel: opts.Channel,
-					ChatID:  opts.ChatID,
+				outboundMedia := bus.OutboundMediaMessage{
+					Channel: ts.channel,
+					ChatID:  ts.chatID,
 					Parts:   parts,
-				})
+				}
+				if al.channelManager != nil && ts.channel != "" && !constants.IsInternalChannel(ts.channel) {
+					if err := al.channelManager.SendMedia(ctx, outboundMedia); err != nil {
+						logger.WarnCF("agent", "Failed to deliver handled tool media",
+							map[string]any{
+								"agent_id": ts.agent.ID,
+								"tool":     toolName,
+								"channel":  ts.channel,
+								"chat_id":  ts.chatID,
+								"error":    err.Error(),
+							})
+						toolResult = tools.ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("failed to deliver attachment: %v", err)).WithError(err)
+					}
+				} else if al.bus != nil {
+					al.bus.PublishOutboundMedia(ctx, outboundMedia)
+					// Queuing media is only best-effort; it has not been delivered yet.
+					toolResult.ResponseHandled = false
+				}
 			}
 
-			// Determine content for LLM based on tool result
-			contentForLLM := r.result.ForLLM
-			if contentForLLM == "" && r.result.Err != nil {
-				contentForLLM = r.result.Err.Error()
+			if len(toolResult.Media) > 0 && !toolResult.ResponseHandled {
+				toolResult.ArtifactTags = buildArtifactTags(al.mediaStore, toolResult.Media)
+			}
+
+			if !toolResult.ResponseHandled {
+				allResponsesHandled = false
+			}
+
+			if !toolResult.Silent && toolResult.ForUser != "" && ts.opts.SendResponse {
+				al.bus.PublishOutbound(ctx, bus.OutboundMessage{
+					Channel: ts.channel,
+					ChatID:  ts.chatID,
+					Content: toolResult.ForUser,
+				})
+				logger.DebugCF("agent", "Sent tool result to user",
+					map[string]any{
+						"tool":        toolName,
+						"content_len": len(toolResult.ForUser),
+					})
+			}
+
+			contentForLLM := toolResult.ContentForLLM()
+
+			// Filter sensitive data (API keys, tokens, secrets) before sending to LLM
+			if al.cfg.Tools.IsFilterSensitiveDataEnabled() {
+				contentForLLM = al.cfg.FilterSensitiveData(contentForLLM)
 			}
 
 			toolResultMsg := providers.Message{
 				Role:       "tool",
 				Content:    contentForLLM,
-				ToolCallID: r.tc.ID,
+				ToolCallID: toolCallID,
 			}
+			al.emitEvent(
+				EventKindToolExecEnd,
+				ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.tool.end"),
+				ToolExecEndPayload{
+					Tool:       toolName,
+					Duration:   toolDuration,
+					ForLLMLen:  len(contentForLLM),
+					ForUserLen: len(toolResult.ForUser),
+					IsError:    toolResult.IsError,
+					Async:      toolResult.Async,
+				},
+			)
 			messages = append(messages, toolResultMsg)
+			if !ts.opts.NoHistory {
+				ts.agent.Sessions.AddFullMessage(ts.sessionKey, toolResultMsg)
+				ts.recordPersistedMessage(toolResultMsg)
+			}
 
-			// Save tool result message to session
-			agent.Sessions.AddFullMessage(opts.SessionKey, toolResultMsg)
+			if steerMsgs := al.dequeueSteeringMessagesForScope(ts.sessionKey); len(steerMsgs) > 0 {
+				pendingMessages = append(pendingMessages, steerMsgs...)
+			}
+
+			skipReason := ""
+			skipMessage := ""
+			if len(pendingMessages) > 0 {
+				skipReason = "queued user steering message"
+				skipMessage = "Skipped due to queued user message."
+			} else if gracefulPending, _ := ts.gracefulInterruptRequested(); gracefulPending {
+				skipReason = "graceful interrupt requested"
+				skipMessage = "Skipped due to graceful interrupt."
+			}
+
+			if skipReason != "" {
+				remaining := len(normalizedToolCalls) - i - 1
+				if remaining > 0 {
+					logger.InfoCF("agent", "Turn checkpoint: skipping remaining tools",
+						map[string]any{
+							"agent_id":  ts.agent.ID,
+							"completed": i + 1,
+							"skipped":   remaining,
+							"reason":    skipReason,
+						})
+					for j := i + 1; j < len(normalizedToolCalls); j++ {
+						skippedTC := normalizedToolCalls[j]
+						al.emitEvent(
+							EventKindToolExecSkipped,
+							ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.tool.skipped"),
+							ToolExecSkippedPayload{
+								Tool:   skippedTC.Name,
+								Reason: skipReason,
+							},
+						)
+						skippedMsg := providers.Message{
+							Role:       "tool",
+							Content:    skipMessage,
+							ToolCallID: skippedTC.ID,
+						}
+						messages = append(messages, skippedMsg)
+						if !ts.opts.NoHistory {
+							ts.agent.Sessions.AddFullMessage(ts.sessionKey, skippedMsg)
+							ts.recordPersistedMessage(skippedMsg)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				break
+			}
+
+			// Also poll for any SubTurn results that arrived during tool execution.
+			if ts.pendingResults != nil {
+				select {
+				case result, ok := <-ts.pendingResults:
+					if ok && result != nil && result.ForLLM != "" {
+						content := al.cfg.FilterSensitiveData(result.ForLLM)
+						msg := providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: fmt.Sprintf("[SubTurn Result] %s", content)}
+						messages = append(messages, msg)
+						ts.agent.Sessions.AddFullMessage(ts.sessionKey, msg)
+					}
+				default:
+					// No results available
+				}
+			}
 		}
 
-		// Tick down TTL of discovered tools after processing tool results.
-		// Only reached when tool calls were made (the loop continues);
-		// the break on no-tool-call responses skips this.
-		// NOTE: This is safe because processMessage is sequential per agent.
-		// If per-agent concurrency is added, TTL consistency between
-		// ToProviderDefs and Get must be re-evaluated.
-		agent.Tools.TickTTL()
+		if allResponsesHandled {
+			if len(pendingMessages) > 0 {
+				logger.InfoCF("agent", "Pending steering exists after handled tool delivery; continuing turn before finalizing",
+					map[string]any{
+						"agent_id":       ts.agent.ID,
+						"steering_count": len(pendingMessages),
+						"session_key":    ts.sessionKey,
+					})
+				finalContent = ""
+				goto turnLoop
+			}
+
+			if steerMsgs := al.dequeueSteeringMessagesForScope(ts.sessionKey); len(steerMsgs) > 0 {
+				logger.InfoCF("agent", "Steering arrived after handled tool delivery; continuing turn before finalizing",
+					map[string]any{
+						"agent_id":       ts.agent.ID,
+						"steering_count": len(steerMsgs),
+						"session_key":    ts.sessionKey,
+					})
+				pendingMessages = append(pendingMessages, steerMsgs...)
+				finalContent = ""
+				goto turnLoop
+			}
+
+			summaryMsg := providers.Message{
+				Role:    "assistant",
+				Content: handledToolResponseSummary,
+			}
+
+			if !ts.opts.NoHistory {
+				ts.agent.Sessions.AddMessage(ts.sessionKey, summaryMsg.Role, summaryMsg.Content)
+				ts.recordPersistedMessage(summaryMsg)
+				if err := ts.agent.Sessions.Save(ts.sessionKey); err != nil {
+					turnStatus = TurnEndStatusError
+					al.emitEvent(
+						EventKindError,
+						ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.error"),
+						ErrorPayload{
+							Stage:   "session_save",
+							Message: err.Error(),
+						},
+					)
+					return turnResult{}, err
+				}
+			}
+			if ts.opts.EnableSummary {
+				al.maybeSummarize(ts.agent, ts.sessionKey, ts.scope)
+			}
+
+			ts.setPhase(TurnPhaseCompleted)
+			ts.setFinalContent("")
+			logger.InfoCF("agent", "Tool output satisfied delivery; ending turn without follow-up LLM",
+				map[string]any{
+					"agent_id":   ts.agent.ID,
+					"iteration":  iteration,
+					"tool_count": len(normalizedToolCalls),
+				})
+			return turnResult{
+				finalContent: "",
+				status:       turnStatus,
+				followUps:    append([]bus.InboundMessage(nil), ts.followUps...),
+			}, nil
+		}
+
+		ts.agent.Tools.TickTTL()
 		logger.DebugCF("agent", "TTL tick after tool execution", map[string]any{
-			"agent_id": agent.ID, "iteration": iteration,
+			"agent_id": ts.agent.ID, "iteration": iteration,
 		})
 	}
 
-	return finalContent, iteration, nil
+	if steerMsgs := al.dequeueSteeringMessagesForScope(ts.sessionKey); len(steerMsgs) > 0 {
+		logger.InfoCF("agent", "Steering arrived after turn completion; continuing turn before finalizing",
+			map[string]any{
+				"agent_id":       ts.agent.ID,
+				"steering_count": len(steerMsgs),
+				"session_key":    ts.sessionKey,
+			})
+		pendingMessages = append(pendingMessages, steerMsgs...)
+		finalContent = ""
+		goto turnLoop
+	}
+
+	if ts.hardAbortRequested() {
+		turnStatus = TurnEndStatusAborted
+		return al.abortTurn(ts)
+	}
+
+	if finalContent == "" {
+		if ts.currentIteration() >= ts.agent.MaxIterations && ts.agent.MaxIterations > 0 {
+			finalContent = toolLimitResponse
+		} else {
+			finalContent = ts.opts.DefaultResponse
+		}
+	}
+
+	ts.setPhase(TurnPhaseFinalizing)
+	ts.setFinalContent(finalContent)
+	if !ts.opts.NoHistory {
+		finalMsg := providers.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: finalContent}
+		ts.agent.Sessions.AddMessage(ts.sessionKey, finalMsg.Role, finalMsg.Content)
+		ts.recordPersistedMessage(finalMsg)
+		if err := ts.agent.Sessions.Save(ts.sessionKey); err != nil {
+			turnStatus = TurnEndStatusError
+			al.emitEvent(
+				EventKindError,
+				ts.eventMeta("runTurn", "turn.error"),
+				ErrorPayload{
+					Stage:   "session_save",
+					Message: err.Error(),
+				},
+			)
+			return turnResult{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ts.opts.EnableSummary {
+		al.maybeSummarize(ts.agent, ts.sessionKey, ts.scope)
+	}
+
+	ts.setPhase(TurnPhaseCompleted)
+	return turnResult{
+		finalContent: finalContent,
+		status:       turnStatus,
+		followUps:    append([]bus.InboundMessage(nil), ts.followUps...),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) abortTurn(ts *turnState) (turnResult, error) {
+	ts.setPhase(TurnPhaseAborted)
+	if !ts.opts.NoHistory {
+		if err := ts.restoreSession(ts.agent); err != nil {
+			al.emitEvent(
+				EventKindError,
+				ts.eventMeta("abortTurn", "turn.error"),
+				ErrorPayload{
+					Stage:   "session_restore",
+					Message: err.Error(),
+				},
+			)
+			return turnResult{}, err
+		}
+	}
+	return turnResult{status: TurnEndStatusAborted}, nil
+}
+
+func sleepWithContext(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) error {
+	timer := time.NewTimer(d)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-timer.C:
+		return nil
+	}
 }
 
 // selectCandidates returns the model candidates and resolved model name to use
@@ -1547,7 +2775,7 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) selectCandidates(
 }
 
 // maybeSummarize triggers summarization if the session history exceeds thresholds.
-func (al *AgentLoop) maybeSummarize(agent *AgentInstance, sessionKey, channel, chatID string) {
+func (al *AgentLoop) maybeSummarize(agent *AgentInstance, sessionKey string, turnScope turnEventScope) {
 	newHistory := agent.Sessions.GetHistory(sessionKey)
 	tokenEstimate := al.estimateTokens(newHistory)
 	threshold := agent.ContextWindow * agent.SummarizeTokenPercent / 100
@@ -1558,63 +2786,91 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) maybeSummarize(agent *AgentInstance, sessionKey, channel, c
 			go func() {
 				defer al.summarizing.Delete(summarizeKey)
 				logger.Debug("Memory threshold reached. Optimizing conversation history...")
-				al.summarizeSession(agent, sessionKey)
+				al.summarizeSession(agent, sessionKey, turnScope)
 			}()
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+type compressionResult struct {
+	DroppedMessages   int
+	RemainingMessages int
+}
+
 // forceCompression aggressively reduces context when the limit is hit.
-// It drops the oldest 50% of messages (keeping system prompt and last user message).
-func (al *AgentLoop) forceCompression(agent *AgentInstance, sessionKey string) {
+// It drops the oldest ~50% of Turns (a Turn is a complete user→LLM→response
+// cycle, as defined in #1316), so tool-call sequences are never split.
+//
+// If the history is a single Turn with no safe split point, the function
+// falls back to keeping only the most recent user message. This breaks
+// Turn atomicity as a last resort to avoid a context-exceeded loop.
+//
+// Session history contains only user/assistant/tool messages — the system
+// prompt is built dynamically by BuildMessages and is NOT stored here.
+// The compression note is recorded in the session summary so that
+// BuildMessages can include it in the next system prompt.
+func (al *AgentLoop) forceCompression(agent *AgentInstance, sessionKey string) (compressionResult, bool) {
 	history := agent.Sessions.GetHistory(sessionKey)
-	if len(history) <= 4 {
-		return
+	if len(history) <= 2 {
+		return compressionResult{}, false
 	}
 
-	// Keep system prompt (usually [0]) and the very last message (user's trigger)
-	// We want to drop the oldest half of the *conversation*
-	// Assuming [0] is system, [1:] is conversation
-	conversation := history[1 : len(history)-1]
-	if len(conversation) == 0 {
-		return
+	// Split at a Turn boundary so no tool-call sequence is torn apart.
+	// parseTurnBoundaries gives us the start of each Turn; we drop the
+	// oldest half of Turns and keep the most recent ones.
+	turns := parseTurnBoundaries(history)
+	var mid int
+	if len(turns) >= 2 {
+		mid = turns[len(turns)/2]
+	} else {
+		// Fewer than 2 Turns — fall back to message-level midpoint
+		// aligned to the nearest Turn boundary.
+		mid = findSafeBoundary(history, len(history)/2)
+	}
+	var keptHistory []providers.Message
+	if mid <= 0 {
+		// No safe Turn boundary — the entire history is a single Turn
+		// (e.g. one user message followed by a massive tool response).
+		// Keeping everything would leave the agent stuck in a context-
+		// exceeded loop, so fall back to keeping only the most recent
+		// user message. This breaks Turn atomicity as a last resort.
+		for i := len(history) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			if history[i].Role == "user" {
+				keptHistory = []providers.Message{history[i]}
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		keptHistory = history[mid:]
 	}
 
-	// Helper to find the mid-point of the conversation
-	mid := len(conversation) / 2
+	droppedCount := len(history) - len(keptHistory)
 
-	// New history structure:
-	// 1. System Prompt (with compression note appended)
-	// 2. Second half of conversation
-	// 3. Last message
-
-	droppedCount := mid
-	keptConversation := conversation[mid:]
-
-	newHistory := make([]providers.Message, 0, 1+len(keptConversation)+1)
-
-	// Append compression note to the original system prompt instead of adding a new system message
-	// This avoids having two consecutive system messages which some APIs (like Zhipu) reject
+	// Record compression in the session summary so BuildMessages includes it
+	// in the system prompt. We do not modify history messages themselves.
+	existingSummary := agent.Sessions.GetSummary(sessionKey)
 	compressionNote := fmt.Sprintf(
-		"\n\n[System Note: Emergency compression dropped %d oldest messages due to context limit]",
+		"[Emergency compression dropped %d oldest messages due to context limit]",
 		droppedCount,
 	)
-	enhancedSystemPrompt := history[0]
-	enhancedSystemPrompt.Content = enhancedSystemPrompt.Content + compressionNote
-	newHistory = append(newHistory, enhancedSystemPrompt)
+	if existingSummary != "" {
+		compressionNote = existingSummary + "\n\n" + compressionNote
+	}
+	agent.Sessions.SetSummary(sessionKey, compressionNote)
 
-	newHistory = append(newHistory, keptConversation...)
-	newHistory = append(newHistory, history[len(history)-1]) // Last message
-
-	// Update session
-	agent.Sessions.SetHistory(sessionKey, newHistory)
+	agent.Sessions.SetHistory(sessionKey, keptHistory)
 	agent.Sessions.Save(sessionKey)
 
 	logger.WarnCF("agent", "Forced compression executed", map[string]any{
 		"session_key":  sessionKey,
 		"dropped_msgs": droppedCount,
-		"new_count":    len(newHistory),
+		"new_count":    len(keptHistory),
 	})
+
+	return compressionResult{
+		DroppedMessages:   droppedCount,
+		RemainingMessages: len(keptHistory),
+	}, true
 }
 
 // GetStartupInfo returns information about loaded tools and skills for logging.
@@ -1706,19 +2962,25 @@ func formatToolsForLog(toolDefs []providers.ToolDefinition) string {
 }
 
 // summarizeSession summarizes the conversation history for a session.
-func (al *AgentLoop) summarizeSession(agent *AgentInstance, sessionKey string) {
+func (al *AgentLoop) summarizeSession(agent *AgentInstance, sessionKey string, turnScope turnEventScope) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 120*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 
 	history := agent.Sessions.GetHistory(sessionKey)
 	summary := agent.Sessions.GetSummary(sessionKey)
 
-	// Keep last 4 messages for continuity
+	// Keep the most recent Turns for continuity, aligned to a Turn boundary
+	// so that no tool-call sequence is split.
 	if len(history) <= 4 {
 		return
 	}
 
-	toSummarize := history[:len(history)-4]
+	safeCut := findSafeBoundary(history, len(history)-4)
+	if safeCut <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	keepCount := len(history) - safeCut
+	toSummarize := history[:safeCut]
 
 	// Oversized Message Guard
 	maxMessageTokens := agent.ContextWindow / 2
@@ -1783,8 +3045,18 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) summarizeSession(agent *AgentInstance, sessionKey string) {
 
 	if finalSummary != "" {
 		agent.Sessions.SetSummary(sessionKey, finalSummary)
-		agent.Sessions.TruncateHistory(sessionKey, 4)
+		agent.Sessions.TruncateHistory(sessionKey, keepCount)
 		agent.Sessions.Save(sessionKey)
+		al.emitEvent(
+			EventKindSessionSummarize,
+			turnScope.meta(0, "summarizeSession", "turn.session.summarize"),
+			SessionSummarizePayload{
+				SummarizedMessages: len(validMessages),
+				KeptMessages:       keepCount,
+				SummaryLen:         len(finalSummary),
+				OmittedOversized:   omitted,
+			},
+		)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1921,15 +3193,14 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) summarizeBatch(
 }
 
 // estimateTokens estimates the number of tokens in a message list.
-// Uses a safe heuristic of 2.5 characters per token to account for CJK and other
-// overheads better than the previous 3 chars/token.
+// Counts Content, ToolCalls arguments, and ToolCallID metadata so that
+// tool-heavy conversations are not systematically undercounted.
 func (al *AgentLoop) estimateTokens(messages []providers.Message) int {
-	totalChars := 0
+	total := 0
 	for _, m := range messages {
-		totalChars += utf8.RuneCountInString(m.Content)
+		total += estimateMessageTokens(m)
 	}
-	// 2.5 chars per token = totalChars * 2 / 5
-	return totalChars * 2 / 5
+	return total
 }
 
 func (al *AgentLoop) handleCommand(
@@ -1942,6 +3213,10 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) handleCommand(
 		return "", false
 	}
 
+	if matched, handled, reply := al.applyExplicitSkillCommand(msg.Content, agent, opts); matched {
+		return reply, handled
+	}
+
 	if al.cmdRegistry == nil {
 		return "", false
 	}
@@ -1975,6 +3250,97 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) handleCommand(
 	}
 }
 
+func activeSkillNames(agent *AgentInstance, opts processOptions) []string {
+	if agent == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	combined := make([]string, 0, len(agent.SkillsFilter)+len(opts.ForcedSkills))
+	combined = append(combined, agent.SkillsFilter...)
+	combined = append(combined, opts.ForcedSkills...)
+	if len(combined) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var resolved []string
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(combined))
+	for _, name := range combined {
+		name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
+		if name == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if agent.ContextBuilder != nil {
+			if canonical, ok := agent.ContextBuilder.ResolveSkillName(name); ok {
+				name = canonical
+			}
+		}
+		key := strings.ToLower(name)
+		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[key] = struct{}{}
+		resolved = append(resolved, name)
+	}
+
+	return resolved
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) applyExplicitSkillCommand(
+	raw string,
+	agent *AgentInstance,
+	opts *processOptions,
+) (matched bool, handled bool, reply string) {
+	cmdName, ok := commands.CommandName(raw)
+	if !ok || cmdName != "use" {
+		return false, false, ""
+	}
+
+	if agent == nil || agent.ContextBuilder == nil {
+		return true, true, commandsUnavailableSkillMessage()
+	}
+
+	parts := strings.Fields(strings.TrimSpace(raw))
+	if len(parts) < 2 {
+		return true, true, buildUseCommandHelp(agent)
+	}
+
+	arg := strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
+	if strings.EqualFold(arg, "clear") || strings.EqualFold(arg, "off") {
+		if opts != nil {
+			al.clearPendingSkills(opts.SessionKey)
+		}
+		return true, true, "Cleared pending skill override."
+	}
+
+	skillName, ok := agent.ContextBuilder.ResolveSkillName(arg)
+	if !ok {
+		return true, true, fmt.Sprintf("Unknown skill: %s\nUse /list skills to see installed skills.", arg)
+	}
+
+	if len(parts) < 3 {
+		if opts == nil || strings.TrimSpace(opts.SessionKey) == "" {
+			return true, true, commandsUnavailableSkillMessage()
+		}
+		al.setPendingSkills(opts.SessionKey, []string{skillName})
+		return true, true, fmt.Sprintf(
+			"Skill %q is armed for your next message. Send your next prompt normally, or use /use clear to cancel.",
+			skillName,
+		)
+	}
+
+	message := strings.TrimSpace(strings.Join(parts[2:], " "))
+	if message == "" {
+		return true, true, buildUseCommandHelp(agent)
+	}
+
+	if opts != nil {
+		opts.ForcedSkills = append(opts.ForcedSkills, skillName)
+		opts.UserMessage = message
+	}
+
+	return true, false, ""
+}
+
 func (al *AgentLoop) buildCommandsRuntime(agent *AgentInstance, opts *processOptions) *commands.Runtime {
 	registry := al.GetRegistry()
 	cfg := al.GetConfig()
@@ -1988,6 +3354,13 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) buildCommandsRuntime(agent *AgentInstance, opts *processOpt
 			}
 			return al.channelManager.GetEnabledChannels()
 		},
+		GetActiveTurn: func() any {
+			info := al.GetActiveTurn()
+			if info == nil {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return info
+		},
 		SwitchChannel: func(value string) error {
 			if al.channelManager == nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("channel manager not initialized")
@@ -1998,6 +3371,9 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) buildCommandsRuntime(agent *AgentInstance, opts *processOpt
 			return nil
 		},
 	}
+	if agent != nil && agent.ContextBuilder != nil {
+		rt.ListSkillNames = agent.ContextBuilder.ListSkillNames
+	}
 	rt.ReloadConfig = func() error {
 		if al.reloadFunc == nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("reload not configured")
@@ -2005,6 +3381,9 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) buildCommandsRuntime(agent *AgentInstance, opts *processOpt
 		return al.reloadFunc()
 	}
 	if agent != nil {
+		if agent.ContextBuilder != nil {
+			rt.ListSkillNames = agent.ContextBuilder.ListSkillNames
+		}
 		rt.GetModelInfo = func() (string, string) {
 			return agent.Model, resolvedCandidateProvider(agent.Candidates, cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider)
 		}
@@ -2057,6 +3436,73 @@ func (al *AgentLoop) buildCommandsRuntime(agent *AgentInstance, opts *processOpt
 	return rt
 }
 
+func commandsUnavailableSkillMessage() string {
+	return "Skill selection is unavailable in the current context."
+}
+
+func buildUseCommandHelp(agent *AgentInstance) string {
+	if agent == nil || agent.ContextBuilder == nil {
+		return "Usage: /use <skill> [message]"
+	}
+
+	names := agent.ContextBuilder.ListSkillNames()
+	if len(names) == 0 {
+		return "Usage: /use <skill> [message]\nNo installed skills found."
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		"Usage: /use <skill> [message]\n\nInstalled Skills:\n- %s\n\nUse /use <skill> to apply a skill to your next message, or /use <skill> <message> to force it immediately.",
+		strings.Join(names, "\n- "),
+	)
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) setPendingSkills(sessionKey string, skillNames []string) {
+	sessionKey = strings.TrimSpace(sessionKey)
+	if sessionKey == "" || len(skillNames) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	filtered := make([]string, 0, len(skillNames))
+	for _, name := range skillNames {
+		name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
+		if name != "" {
+			filtered = append(filtered, name)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(filtered) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	al.pendingSkills.Store(sessionKey, filtered)
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) takePendingSkills(sessionKey string) []string {
+	sessionKey = strings.TrimSpace(sessionKey)
+	if sessionKey == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	value, ok := al.pendingSkills.LoadAndDelete(sessionKey)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	skills, ok := value.([]string)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return append([]string(nil), skills...)
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) clearPendingSkills(sessionKey string) {
+	sessionKey = strings.TrimSpace(sessionKey)
+	if sessionKey == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	al.pendingSkills.Delete(sessionKey)
+}
+
 func mapCommandError(result commands.ExecuteResult) string {
 	if result.Command == "" {
 		return fmt.Sprintf("Failed to execute command: %v", result.Err)
diff --git a/pkg/agent/loop_media.go b/pkg/agent/loop_media.go
index 1380f0214..e8314c10d 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/loop_media.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/loop_media.go
@@ -87,6 +87,24 @@ func resolveMediaRefs(messages []providers.Message, store media.MediaStore, maxS
 	return result
 }
 
+func buildArtifactTags(store media.MediaStore, refs []string) []string {
+	if store == nil || len(refs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	tags := make([]string, 0, len(refs))
+	for _, ref := range refs {
+		localPath, meta, err := store.ResolveWithMeta(ref)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		mime := detectMIME(localPath, meta)
+		tags = append(tags, buildPathTag(mime, localPath))
+	}
+
+	return tags
+}
+
 // detectMIME determines the MIME type from metadata or magic-bytes detection.
 // Returns empty string if detection fails.
 func detectMIME(localPath string, meta media.MediaMeta) string {
diff --git a/pkg/agent/loop_test.go b/pkg/agent/loop_test.go
index 28eab03db..2366b1277 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/loop_test.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/loop_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package agent
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
@@ -33,6 +34,41 @@ func (f *fakeChannel) IsAllowed(string) bool                                   {
 func (f *fakeChannel) IsAllowedSender(sender bus.SenderInfo) bool              { return true }
 func (f *fakeChannel) ReasoningChannelID() string                              { return f.id }
 
+type fakeMediaChannel struct {
+	fakeChannel
+	sentMedia []bus.OutboundMediaMessage
+}
+
+func (f *fakeMediaChannel) SendMedia(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) error {
+	f.sentMedia = append(f.sentMedia, msg)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newStartedTestChannelManager(
+	t *testing.T,
+	msgBus *bus.MessageBus,
+	store media.MediaStore,
+	name string,
+	ch channels.Channel,
+) *channels.Manager {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cm, err := channels.NewManager(&config.Config{}, msgBus, store)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NewManager() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	cm.RegisterChannel(name, ch)
+	if err := cm.StartAll(context.Background()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("StartAll() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := cm.StopAll(context.Background()); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("StopAll() error = %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+	return cm
+}
+
 type recordingProvider struct {
 	lastMessages []providers.Message
 }
@@ -67,7 +103,7 @@ func newTestAgentLoop(
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
@@ -90,7 +126,7 @@ func TestProcessMessage_IncludesCurrentSenderInDynamicContext(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
@@ -132,6 +168,243 @@ func TestProcessMessage_IncludesCurrentSenderInDynamicContext(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestProcessMessage_UseCommandLoadsRequestedSkill(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	skillDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "skills", "shell")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(skillDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mkdir skill dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(
+		filepath.Join(skillDir, "SKILL.md"),
+		[]byte("# shell\n\nPrefer concise shell commands and explain them briefly."),
+		0o644,
+	); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write skill file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &recordingProvider{}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	response, err := al.processMessage(context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		SenderID: "telegram:123",
+		ChatID:   "chat-1",
+		Content:  "/use shell explain how to list files",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("processMessage() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if response != "Mock response" {
+		t.Fatalf("processMessage() response = %q, want %q", response, "Mock response")
+	}
+	if len(provider.lastMessages) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("provider did not receive any messages")
+	}
+
+	systemPrompt := provider.lastMessages[0].Content
+	if !strings.Contains(systemPrompt, "# Active Skills") {
+		t.Fatalf("system prompt missing active skills section:\n%s", systemPrompt)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(systemPrompt, "### Skill: shell") {
+		t.Fatalf("system prompt missing requested skill content:\n%s", systemPrompt)
+	}
+
+	lastMessage := provider.lastMessages[len(provider.lastMessages)-1]
+	if lastMessage.Role != "user" || lastMessage.Content != "explain how to list files" {
+		t.Fatalf("last provider message = %+v, want rewritten user message", lastMessage)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleCommand_UseCommandRejectsUnknownSkill(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &recordingProvider{}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+	agent := al.GetRegistry().GetDefaultAgent()
+
+	opts := processOptions{}
+	reply, handled := al.handleCommand(context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		SenderID: "telegram:123",
+		ChatID:   "chat-1",
+		Content:  "/use missing explain how to list files",
+	}, agent, &opts)
+	if !handled {
+		t.Fatal("expected /use with unknown skill to be handled")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "Unknown skill: missing") {
+		t.Fatalf("reply = %q, want unknown skill error", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessMessage_UseCommandArmsSkillForNextMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	skillDir := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "skills", "shell")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(skillDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mkdir skill dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(
+		filepath.Join(skillDir, "SKILL.md"),
+		[]byte("# shell\n\nPrefer concise shell commands and explain them briefly."),
+		0o644,
+	); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write skill file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &recordingProvider{}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	response, err := al.processMessage(context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		SenderID: "telegram:123",
+		ChatID:   "chat-1",
+		Content:  "/use shell",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("processMessage() arm error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(response, `Skill "shell" is armed for your next message.`) {
+		t.Fatalf("arm response = %q, want armed confirmation", response)
+	}
+
+	response, err = al.processMessage(context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		SenderID: "telegram:123",
+		ChatID:   "chat-1",
+		Content:  "explain how to list files",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("processMessage() follow-up error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if response != "Mock response" {
+		t.Fatalf("follow-up response = %q, want %q", response, "Mock response")
+	}
+	if len(provider.lastMessages) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("provider did not receive any messages")
+	}
+
+	systemPrompt := provider.lastMessages[0].Content
+	if !strings.Contains(systemPrompt, "### Skill: shell") {
+		t.Fatalf("system prompt missing pending skill content:\n%s", systemPrompt)
+	}
+	lastMessage := provider.lastMessages[len(provider.lastMessages)-1]
+	if lastMessage.Role != "user" || lastMessage.Content != "explain how to list files" {
+		t.Fatalf("last provider message = %+v, want unchanged follow-up user message", lastMessage)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyExplicitSkillCommand_ArmsSkillForNextMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	al, cfg, _, _, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace, "skills", "finance-news"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MkdirAll(skill) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(
+		filepath.Join(cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace, "skills", "finance-news", "SKILL.md"),
+		[]byte("# Finance News\n\nUse web tools for current finance updates.\n"),
+		0o644,
+	); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile(SKILL.md) error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	agent := al.GetRegistry().GetDefaultAgent()
+	if agent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected default agent")
+	}
+
+	opts := &processOptions{SessionKey: "agent:main:test"}
+	matched, handled, reply := al.applyExplicitSkillCommand("/use finance-news", agent, opts)
+	if !matched {
+		t.Fatal("expected /use command to match")
+	}
+	if !handled {
+		t.Fatal("expected /use without inline message to be handled immediately")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, `Skill "finance-news" is armed for your next message`) {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected reply: %q", reply)
+	}
+
+	pending := al.takePendingSkills(opts.SessionKey)
+	if len(pending) != 1 || pending[0] != "finance-news" {
+		t.Fatalf("pending skills = %#v, want [finance-news]", pending)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyExplicitSkillCommand_InlineMessageMutatesOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	al, cfg, _, _, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace, "skills", "finance-news"), 0o755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MkdirAll(skill) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(
+		filepath.Join(cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace, "skills", "finance-news", "SKILL.md"),
+		[]byte("# Finance News\n\nUse web tools for current finance updates.\n"),
+		0o644,
+	); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile(SKILL.md) error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	agent := al.GetRegistry().GetDefaultAgent()
+	if agent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected default agent")
+	}
+
+	opts := &processOptions{
+		SessionKey:  "agent:main:test",
+		UserMessage: "/use finance-news dammi le ultime news",
+	}
+	matched, handled, reply := al.applyExplicitSkillCommand(opts.UserMessage, agent, opts)
+	if !matched {
+		t.Fatal("expected /use command to match")
+	}
+	if handled {
+		t.Fatal("expected /use with inline message to fall through into normal agent execution")
+	}
+	if reply != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected reply: %q", reply)
+	}
+	if opts.UserMessage != "dammi le ultime news" {
+		t.Fatalf("opts.UserMessage = %q, want %q", opts.UserMessage, "dammi le ultime news")
+	}
+	if len(opts.ForcedSkills) != 1 || opts.ForcedSkills[0] != "finance-news" {
+		t.Fatalf("opts.ForcedSkills = %#v, want [finance-news]", opts.ForcedSkills)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestRecordLastChannel(t *testing.T) {
 	al, cfg, msgBus, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
 	defer cleanup()
@@ -179,7 +452,7 @@ func TestNewAgentLoop_StateInitialized(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
@@ -215,7 +488,7 @@ func TestToolRegistry_ToolRegistration(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
@@ -272,7 +545,7 @@ func TestToolRegistry_GetDefinitions(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
@@ -298,6 +571,217 @@ func TestToolRegistry_GetDefinitions(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestProcessMessage_MediaToolHandledSkipsFollowUpLLMAndFinalText(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &handledMediaProvider{}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	al.SetMediaStore(store)
+	telegramChannel := &fakeMediaChannel{fakeChannel: fakeChannel{id: "rid-telegram"}}
+	al.SetChannelManager(newStartedTestChannelManager(t, msgBus, store, "telegram", telegramChannel))
+
+	imagePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "screen.png")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(imagePath, []byte("fake screenshot"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile(imagePath) error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	al.RegisterTool(&handledMediaTool{
+		store: store,
+		path:  imagePath,
+	})
+
+	response, err := al.processMessage(context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		ChatID:   "chat1",
+		SenderID: "user1",
+		Content:  "take a screenshot of the screen and send it to me",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("processMessage() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if response != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no final response when media tool already handled delivery, got %q", response)
+	}
+	if provider.calls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 LLM call, got %d", provider.calls)
+	}
+	if len(provider.toolCounts) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tool counts for 1 provider call, got %d", len(provider.toolCounts))
+	}
+	if provider.toolCounts[0] == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected tools to be available on the first LLM call")
+	}
+
+	if len(telegramChannel.sentMedia) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 synchronously sent media message, got %d", len(telegramChannel.sentMedia))
+	}
+	if telegramChannel.sentMedia[0].Channel != "telegram" || telegramChannel.sentMedia[0].ChatID != "chat1" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected sent media target: %+v", telegramChannel.sentMedia[0])
+	}
+	if len(telegramChannel.sentMedia[0].Parts) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 sent media part, got %d", len(telegramChannel.sentMedia[0].Parts))
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case extra := <-msgBus.OutboundMediaChan():
+		t.Fatalf("expected handled media to bypass async queue, got %+v", extra)
+	default:
+	}
+
+	defaultAgent := al.GetRegistry().GetDefaultAgent()
+	if defaultAgent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected default agent")
+	}
+	route, _, err := al.resolveMessageRoute(bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		ChatID:   "chat1",
+		SenderID: "user1",
+		Content:  "take a screenshot of the screen and send it to me",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("resolveMessageRoute() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	sessionKey := resolveScopeKey(route, "")
+	history := defaultAgent.Sessions.GetHistory(sessionKey)
+	if len(history) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected session history to be saved")
+	}
+	last := history[len(history)-1]
+	if last.Role != "assistant" || last.Content != "Requested output delivered via tool attachment." {
+		t.Fatalf("expected handled assistant summary in history, got %+v", last)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessMessage_HandledToolProcessesQueuedSteeringBeforeReturning(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &handledMediaWithSteeringProvider{}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	al.SetMediaStore(store)
+	telegramChannel := &fakeMediaChannel{fakeChannel: fakeChannel{id: "rid-telegram"}}
+	al.SetChannelManager(newStartedTestChannelManager(t, msgBus, store, "telegram", telegramChannel))
+
+	imagePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "screen-steering.png")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(imagePath, []byte("fake screenshot"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile(imagePath) error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	al.RegisterTool(&handledMediaWithSteeringTool{
+		store: store,
+		path:  imagePath,
+		loop:  al,
+	})
+
+	response, err := al.processMessage(context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		ChatID:   "chat1",
+		SenderID: "user1",
+		Content:  "take a screenshot of the screen and send it to me",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("processMessage() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if response != "Handled the queued steering message." {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %q, want queued steering response", response)
+	}
+	if provider.calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 LLM calls after queued steering, got %d", provider.calls)
+	}
+	if len(telegramChannel.sentMedia) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 synchronously sent media message, got %d", len(telegramChannel.sentMedia))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessMessage_MediaArtifactCanBeForwardedBySendFile(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace = tmpDir
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "test-model"
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens = 4096
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxToolIterations = 10
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &artifactThenSendProvider{}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	al.SetMediaStore(store)
+	telegramChannel := &fakeMediaChannel{fakeChannel: fakeChannel{id: "rid-telegram"}}
+	al.SetChannelManager(newStartedTestChannelManager(t, msgBus, store, "telegram", telegramChannel))
+
+	mediaDir := media.TempDir()
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(mediaDir, 0o700); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MkdirAll(mediaDir) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	imagePath := filepath.Join(mediaDir, "artifact-screen.png")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(imagePath, []byte("fake screenshot"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile(imagePath) error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	al.RegisterTool(&mediaArtifactTool{
+		store: store,
+		path:  imagePath,
+	})
+
+	response, err := al.processMessage(context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		ChatID:   "chat1",
+		SenderID: "user1",
+		Content:  "take a screenshot of the screen and send it to me",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("processMessage() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if response != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no final response after send_file handled delivery, got %q", response)
+	}
+	if provider.calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 LLM calls (artifact + send_file), got %d", provider.calls)
+	}
+
+	if len(telegramChannel.sentMedia) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 synchronously sent media message, got %d", len(telegramChannel.sentMedia))
+	}
+	if telegramChannel.sentMedia[0].Channel != "telegram" || telegramChannel.sentMedia[0].ChatID != "chat1" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected sent media target: %+v", telegramChannel.sentMedia[0])
+	}
+	if len(telegramChannel.sentMedia[0].Parts) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 sent media part, got %d", len(telegramChannel.sentMedia[0].Parts))
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case extra := <-msgBus.OutboundMediaChan():
+		t.Fatalf("expected synchronous send_file delivery to bypass async queue, got %+v", extra)
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
 // TestAgentLoop_GetStartupInfo verifies startup info contains tools
 func TestAgentLoop_GetStartupInfo(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
@@ -308,7 +792,7 @@ func TestAgentLoop_GetStartupInfo(t *testing.T) {
 
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace = tmpDir
-	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "test-model"
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "test-model"
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens = 4096
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxToolIterations = 10
 
@@ -352,7 +836,7 @@ func TestAgentLoop_Stop(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
@@ -397,6 +881,29 @@ func (m *simpleMockProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
 	return "mock-model"
 }
 
+type reasoningContentProvider struct {
+	response         string
+	reasoningContent string
+}
+
+func (m *reasoningContentProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{
+		Content:          m.response,
+		ReasoningContent: m.reasoningContent,
+		ToolCalls:        []providers.ToolCall{},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *reasoningContentProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "reasoning-content-model"
+}
+
 type countingMockProvider struct {
 	response string
 	calls    int
@@ -420,6 +927,132 @@ func (m *countingMockProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
 	return "counting-mock-model"
 }
 
+type handledMediaProvider struct {
+	calls      int
+	toolCounts []int
+}
+
+func (m *handledMediaProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	m.calls++
+	m.toolCounts = append(m.toolCounts, len(tools))
+	if m.calls == 1 {
+		return &providers.LLMResponse{
+			Content: "Taking the screenshot now.",
+			ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{{
+				ID:        "call_handled_media",
+				Type:      "function",
+				Name:      "handled_media_tool",
+				Arguments: map[string]any{},
+			}},
+		}, nil
+	}
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *handledMediaProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "handled-media-model"
+}
+
+type artifactThenSendProvider struct {
+	calls int
+}
+
+func (m *artifactThenSendProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	m.calls++
+	if m.calls == 1 {
+		return &providers.LLMResponse{
+			Content: "Taking the screenshot now.",
+			ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{{
+				ID:        "call_artifact_media",
+				Type:      "function",
+				Name:      "media_artifact_tool",
+				Arguments: map[string]any{},
+			}},
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	var artifactPath string
+	for i := len(messages) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if messages[i].Role != "tool" {
+			continue
+		}
+		start := strings.Index(messages[i].Content, "[file:")
+		if start < 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		rest := messages[i].Content[start+len("[file:"):]
+		end := strings.Index(rest, "]")
+		if end < 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		artifactPath = rest[:end]
+		break
+	}
+	if artifactPath == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("provider did not receive artifact path in tool result")
+	}
+
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{
+		Content: "",
+		ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{{
+			ID:        "call_send_file",
+			Type:      "function",
+			Name:      "send_file",
+			Arguments: map[string]any{"path": artifactPath},
+		}},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *artifactThenSendProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "artifact-then-send-model"
+}
+
+type toolFeedbackProvider struct {
+	filePath string
+	calls    int
+}
+
+func (m *toolFeedbackProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	m.calls++
+	if m.calls == 1 {
+		return &providers.LLMResponse{
+			ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{{
+				ID:        "call_heartbeat_read_file",
+				Type:      "function",
+				Name:      "read_file",
+				Arguments: map[string]any{"path": m.filePath},
+			}},
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{
+		Content:   "HEARTBEAT_OK",
+		ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *toolFeedbackProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "heartbeat-tool-feedback-model"
+}
+
 type toolLimitOnlyProvider struct{}
 
 func (m *toolLimitOnlyProvider) Chat(
@@ -456,8 +1089,9 @@ func (m *mockCustomTool) Description() string {
 
 func (m *mockCustomTool) Parameters() map[string]any {
 	return map[string]any{
-		"type":       "object",
-		"properties": map[string]any{},
+		"type":                 "object",
+		"properties":           map[string]any{},
+		"additionalProperties": true,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -465,6 +1099,135 @@ func (m *mockCustomTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *tool
 	return tools.SilentResult("Custom tool executed")
 }
 
+type handledMediaTool struct {
+	store media.MediaStore
+	path  string
+}
+
+func (m *handledMediaTool) Name() string { return "handled_media_tool" }
+func (m *handledMediaTool) Description() string {
+	return "Returns a media attachment and fully handles the user response"
+}
+
+func (m *handledMediaTool) Parameters() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"type":       "object",
+		"properties": map[string]any{},
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *handledMediaTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *tools.ToolResult {
+	ref, err := m.store.Store(m.path, media.MediaMeta{
+		Filename:    filepath.Base(m.path),
+		ContentType: "image/png",
+		Source:      "test:handled_media_tool",
+	}, "test:handled_media")
+	if err != nil {
+		return tools.ErrorResult(err.Error()).WithError(err)
+	}
+	return tools.MediaResult("Attachment delivered by tool.", []string{ref}).WithResponseHandled()
+}
+
+type handledMediaWithSteeringProvider struct {
+	calls int
+}
+
+func (m *handledMediaWithSteeringProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	m.calls++
+	if m.calls == 1 {
+		return &providers.LLMResponse{
+			Content: "Taking the screenshot now.",
+			ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{{
+				ID:        "call_handled_media_steering",
+				Type:      "function",
+				Name:      "handled_media_with_steering_tool",
+				Arguments: map[string]any{},
+			}},
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	for _, msg := range messages {
+		if msg.Role == "user" && msg.Content == "what about this instead?" {
+			return &providers.LLMResponse{Content: "Handled the queued steering message."}, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("provider did not receive queued steering message")
+}
+
+func (m *handledMediaWithSteeringProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "handled-media-with-steering-model"
+}
+
+type handledMediaWithSteeringTool struct {
+	store media.MediaStore
+	path  string
+	loop  *AgentLoop
+}
+
+func (m *handledMediaWithSteeringTool) Name() string { return "handled_media_with_steering_tool" }
+func (m *handledMediaWithSteeringTool) Description() string {
+	return "Returns handled media and enqueues a steering message during execution"
+}
+
+func (m *handledMediaWithSteeringTool) Parameters() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"type":       "object",
+		"properties": map[string]any{},
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *handledMediaWithSteeringTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *tools.ToolResult {
+	if err := m.loop.Steer(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "what about this instead?"}); err != nil {
+		return tools.ErrorResult(err.Error()).WithError(err)
+	}
+
+	ref, err := m.store.Store(m.path, media.MediaMeta{
+		Filename:    filepath.Base(m.path),
+		ContentType: "image/png",
+		Source:      "test:handled_media_with_steering_tool",
+	}, "test:handled_media_with_steering")
+	if err != nil {
+		return tools.ErrorResult(err.Error()).WithError(err)
+	}
+	return tools.MediaResult("Attachment delivered by tool.", []string{ref}).WithResponseHandled()
+}
+
+type mediaArtifactTool struct {
+	store media.MediaStore
+	path  string
+}
+
+func (m *mediaArtifactTool) Name() string { return "media_artifact_tool" }
+func (m *mediaArtifactTool) Description() string {
+	return "Returns a media artifact that the agent can forward or save later"
+}
+
+func (m *mediaArtifactTool) Parameters() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"type":       "object",
+		"properties": map[string]any{},
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *mediaArtifactTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *tools.ToolResult {
+	ref, err := m.store.Store(m.path, media.MediaMeta{
+		Filename:    filepath.Base(m.path),
+		ContentType: "image/png",
+		Source:      "test:media_artifact_tool",
+	}, "test:media_artifact")
+	if err != nil {
+		return tools.ErrorResult(err.Error()).WithError(err)
+	}
+	return tools.MediaResult("Artifact created.", []string{ref})
+}
+
 type toolLimitTestTool struct{}
 
 func (m *toolLimitTestTool) Name() string {
@@ -558,7 +1321,7 @@ func TestProcessMessage_UsesRouteSessionKey(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
@@ -614,7 +1377,7 @@ func TestProcessMessage_CommandOutcomes(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
@@ -694,26 +1457,34 @@ func TestProcessMessage_SwitchModelShowModelConsistency(t *testing.T) {
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
 				Provider:          "openai",
-				Model:             "local",
+				ModelName:         "local",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
 			{
 				ModelName: "local",
 				Model:     "openai/local-model",
-				APIKey:    "test-key",
 				APIBase:   "https://local.example.invalid/v1",
 			},
 			{
 				ModelName: "deepseek",
 				Model:     "openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-v3.2",
-				APIKey:    "test-key",
 				APIBase:   "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
 			},
 		},
 	}
+	cfg.WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+		ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+			"local": {
+				APIKeys: []string{"test-key"},
+			},
+			"deepseek": {
+				APIKeys: []string{"test-key"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
 
 	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
 	provider := &countingMockProvider{response: "LLM reply"}
@@ -765,20 +1536,26 @@ func TestProcessMessage_SwitchModelRejectsUnknownAlias(t *testing.T) {
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
 				Provider:          "openai",
-				Model:             "local",
+				ModelName:         "local",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
 			{
 				ModelName: "local",
 				Model:     "openai/local-model",
-				APIKey:    "test-key",
 				APIBase:   "https://local.example.invalid/v1",
 			},
 		},
 	}
+	cfg.WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+		ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+			"local": {
+				APIKeys: []string{"test-key"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
 
 	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
 	provider := &countingMockProvider{response: "LLM reply"}
@@ -840,26 +1617,34 @@ func TestProcessMessage_SwitchModelRoutesSubsequentRequestsToSelectedProvider(t
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
 				Provider:          "openai",
-				Model:             "local",
+				ModelName:         "local",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
+		ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
 			{
 				ModelName: "local",
 				Model:     "openai/Qwen3.5-35B-A3B",
-				APIKey:    "local-key",
 				APIBase:   localServer.URL,
 			},
 			{
 				ModelName: "deepseek",
 				Model:     "openrouter/deepseek/deepseek-v3.2",
-				APIKey:    "remote-key",
 				APIBase:   remoteServer.URL,
 			},
 		},
 	}
+	cfg.WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+		ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+			"local": {
+				APIKeys: []string{"local-key"},
+			},
+			"deepseek": {
+				APIKeys: []string{"remote-key"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
 
 	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
 	provider, _, err := providers.CreateProvider(cfg)
@@ -946,7 +1731,7 @@ func TestToolResult_SilentToolDoesNotSendUserMessage(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
@@ -988,7 +1773,7 @@ func TestToolResult_UserFacingToolDoesSendMessage(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
@@ -1059,7 +1844,7 @@ func TestAgentLoop_ContextExhaustionRetry(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
@@ -1078,11 +1863,11 @@ func TestAgentLoop_ContextExhaustionRetry(t *testing.T) {
 
 	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
 
-	// Inject some history to simulate a full context
+	// Inject some history to simulate a full context.
+	// Session history only stores user/assistant/tool messages — the system
+	// prompt is built dynamically by BuildMessages and is NOT stored here.
 	sessionKey := "test-session-context"
-	// Create dummy history
 	history := []providers.Message{
-		{Role: "system", Content: "System prompt"},
 		{Role: "user", Content: "Old message 1"},
 		{Role: "assistant", Content: "Old response 1"},
 		{Role: "user", Content: "Old message 2"},
@@ -1120,12 +1905,11 @@ func TestAgentLoop_ContextExhaustionRetry(t *testing.T) {
 	// Check final history length
 	finalHistory := defaultAgent.Sessions.GetHistory(sessionKey)
 	// We verify that the history has been modified (compressed)
-	// Original length: 6
-	// Expected behavior: compression drops ~50% of history (mid slice)
-	// We can assert that the length is NOT what it would be without compression.
-	// Without compression: 6 + 1 (new user msg) + 1 (assistant msg) = 8
-	if len(finalHistory) >= 8 {
-		t.Errorf("Expected history to be compressed (len < 8), got %d", len(finalHistory))
+	// Original length: 5
+	// Expected behavior: compression drops ~50% of Turns
+	// Without compression: 5 + 1 (new user msg) + 1 (assistant msg) = 7
+	if len(finalHistory) >= 7 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected history to be compressed (len < 7), got %d", len(finalHistory))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1140,7 +1924,7 @@ func TestAgentLoop_EmptyModelResponseUsesAccurateFallback(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 3,
 			},
@@ -1171,7 +1955,7 @@ func TestAgentLoop_ToolLimitUsesDedicatedFallback(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 1,
 			},
@@ -1228,7 +2012,7 @@ func TestProcessDirectWithChannel_TriggersMCPInitialization(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
@@ -1280,7 +2064,7 @@ func TestTargetReasoningChannelID_AllChannels(t *testing.T) {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         tmpDir,
-				Model:             "test-model",
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
 				MaxTokens:         4096,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
@@ -1293,18 +2077,17 @@ func TestTargetReasoningChannelID_AllChannels(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create channel manager: %v", err)
 	}
 	for name, id := range map[string]string{
-		"whatsapp":  "rid-whatsapp",
-		"telegram":  "rid-telegram",
-		"feishu":    "rid-feishu",
-		"discord":   "rid-discord",
-		"maixcam":   "rid-maixcam",
-		"qq":        "rid-qq",
-		"dingtalk":  "rid-dingtalk",
-		"slack":     "rid-slack",
-		"line":      "rid-line",
-		"onebot":    "rid-onebot",
-		"wecom":     "rid-wecom",
-		"wecom_app": "rid-wecom-app",
+		"whatsapp": "rid-whatsapp",
+		"telegram": "rid-telegram",
+		"feishu":   "rid-feishu",
+		"discord":  "rid-discord",
+		"maixcam":  "rid-maixcam",
+		"qq":       "rid-qq",
+		"dingtalk": "rid-dingtalk",
+		"slack":    "rid-slack",
+		"line":     "rid-line",
+		"onebot":   "rid-onebot",
+		"wecom":    "rid-wecom",
 	} {
 		chManager.RegisterChannel(name, &fakeChannel{id: id})
 	}
@@ -1324,7 +2107,6 @@ func TestTargetReasoningChannelID_AllChannels(t *testing.T) {
 		{channel: "line", wantID: "rid-line"},
 		{channel: "onebot", wantID: "rid-onebot"},
 		{channel: "wecom", wantID: "rid-wecom"},
-		{channel: "wecom_app", wantID: "rid-wecom-app"},
 		{channel: "unknown", wantID: ""},
 	}
 
@@ -1350,7 +2132,7 @@ func TestHandleReasoning(t *testing.T) {
 			Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 				Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 					Workspace:         tmpDir,
-					Model:             "test-model",
+					ModelName:         "test-model",
 					MaxTokens:         4096,
 					MaxToolIterations: 10,
 				},
@@ -1510,6 +2292,168 @@ func TestHandleReasoning(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestProcessMessage_PublishesReasoningContentToReasoningChannel(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &reasoningContentProvider{
+		response:         "final answer",
+		reasoningContent: "thinking trace",
+	}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	chManager, err := channels.NewManager(&config.Config{}, msgBus, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create channel manager: %v", err)
+	}
+	chManager.RegisterChannel("telegram", &fakeChannel{id: "reason-chat"})
+	al.SetChannelManager(chManager)
+
+	response, err := al.processMessage(context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		SenderID: "user1",
+		ChatID:   "chat1",
+		Content:  "hello",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("processMessage() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if response != "final answer" {
+		t.Fatalf("processMessage() response = %q, want %q", response, "final answer")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case outbound := <-msgBus.OutboundChan():
+		if outbound.Channel != "telegram" {
+			t.Fatalf("reasoning channel = %q, want %q", outbound.Channel, "telegram")
+		}
+		if outbound.ChatID != "reason-chat" {
+			t.Fatalf("reasoning chatID = %q, want %q", outbound.ChatID, "reason-chat")
+		}
+		if outbound.Content != "thinking trace" {
+			t.Fatalf("reasoning content = %q, want %q", outbound.Content, "thinking trace")
+		}
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("expected reasoning content to be published to reasoning channel")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessHeartbeat_DoesNotPublishToolFeedback(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	heartbeatFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "heartbeat-task.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(heartbeatFile, []byte("heartbeat task"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+				ToolFeedback: config.ToolFeedbackConfig{
+					Enabled:       true,
+					MaxArgsLength: 300,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Tools: config.ToolsConfig{
+			ReadFile: config.ReadFileToolConfig{
+				Enabled: true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &toolFeedbackProvider{filePath: heartbeatFile}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	response, err := al.ProcessHeartbeat(context.Background(), "check heartbeat tasks", "telegram", "chat-1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ProcessHeartbeat() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if response != "HEARTBEAT_OK" {
+		t.Fatalf("ProcessHeartbeat() response = %q, want %q", response, "HEARTBEAT_OK")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case outbound := <-msgBus.OutboundChan():
+		t.Fatalf("expected no outbound tool feedback during heartbeat, got %+v", outbound)
+	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessMessage_PublishesToolFeedbackWhenEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	heartbeatFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "tool-feedback.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(heartbeatFile, []byte("tool feedback task"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+				ToolFeedback: config.ToolFeedbackConfig{
+					Enabled:       true,
+					MaxArgsLength: 300,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Tools: config.ToolsConfig{
+			ReadFile: config.ReadFileToolConfig{
+				Enabled: true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &toolFeedbackProvider{filePath: heartbeatFile}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	response, err := al.processMessage(context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		SenderID: "user-1",
+		ChatID:   "chat-1",
+		Content:  "check tool feedback",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("processMessage() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if response != "HEARTBEAT_OK" {
+		t.Fatalf("processMessage() response = %q, want %q", response, "HEARTBEAT_OK")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case outbound := <-msgBus.OutboundChan():
+		if outbound.Channel != "telegram" {
+			t.Fatalf("tool feedback channel = %q, want %q", outbound.Channel, "telegram")
+		}
+		if outbound.ChatID != "chat-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("tool feedback chatID = %q, want %q", outbound.ChatID, "chat-1")
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(outbound.Content, "`read_file`") {
+			t.Fatalf("tool feedback content = %q, want read_file preview", outbound.Content)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("expected outbound tool feedback for regular messages")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestResolveMediaRefs_ResolvesToBase64(t *testing.T) {
 	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
 	dir := t.TempDir()
@@ -1874,3 +2818,111 @@ func TestFilterClientWebSearch_EmptyInput(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 0", len(result))
 	}
 }
+
+type overflowProvider struct {
+	calls        int
+	lastMessages []providers.Message
+	chatFunc     func(ctx context.Context, messages []providers.Message, tools []providers.ToolDefinition, model string, opts map[string]any) (*providers.LLMResponse, error)
+}
+
+func (p *overflowProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	p.calls++
+	p.lastMessages = append([]providers.Message(nil), messages...)
+
+	if p.chatFunc != nil {
+		return p.chatFunc(ctx, messages, tools, model, opts)
+	}
+
+	if p.calls == 1 {
+		return nil, errors.New("context_window_exceeded")
+	}
+
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{
+		Content: "Recovered from overflow",
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (p *overflowProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "test-model"
+}
+
+func TestProcessMessage_ContextOverflowRecovery(t *testing.T) {
+	al, cfg, _, _, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+	_ = cfg
+
+	provider := &overflowProvider{}
+	al.registry = NewAgentRegistry(al.cfg, provider)
+
+	sessionKey := "agent:main:test-session"
+	agent := al.GetRegistry().GetDefaultAgent()
+
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		agent.Sessions.AddFullMessage(sessionKey, providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "heavy message"})
+		agent.Sessions.AddFullMessage(sessionKey, providers.Message{Role: "assistant", Content: "response"})
+	}
+
+	response, err := al.processMessage(context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:    "test",
+		ChatID:     "chat1",
+		SenderID:   "user1",
+		SessionKey: "test-session",
+		Content:    "trigger recovery",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("processMessage() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if response != "Recovered from overflow" {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %q, want %q", response, "Recovered from overflow")
+	}
+
+	if provider.calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 calls, got %d", provider.calls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessMessage_ContextOverflow_AnthropicStyle(t *testing.T) {
+	al, cfg, _, _, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+	_ = cfg
+
+	provider := &overflowProvider{}
+	al.registry = NewAgentRegistry(al.cfg, provider)
+
+	recoveryMsg := "error: status 400: context_window_exceeded"
+
+	provider.chatFunc = func(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		messages []providers.Message,
+		tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+		model string,
+		opts map[string]any,
+	) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+		if provider.calls == 1 {
+			return nil, errors.New(recoveryMsg)
+		}
+		return &providers.LLMResponse{Content: "Anthropic recovery success"}, nil
+	}
+
+	response, err := al.processMessage(context.Background(), bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "test",
+		ChatID:   "chat1",
+		SenderID: "user1",
+		Content:  "hello",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("processMessage() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(response, "Anthropic recovery success") {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %q, want success message", response)
+	}
+	if provider.calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 calls for retry, got %d", provider.calls)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/registry_test.go b/pkg/agent/registry_test.go
index 518bb441f..b173ef967 100644
--- a/pkg/agent/registry_test.go
+++ b/pkg/agent/registry_test.go
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func testCfg(agents []config.AgentConfig) *config.Config {
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:         "/tmp/picoclaw-test-registry",
-				Model:             "gpt-4",
+				ModelName:         "gpt-4",
 				MaxTokens:         8192,
 				MaxToolIterations: 10,
 			},
diff --git a/pkg/agent/steering.go b/pkg/agent/steering.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad6613e8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/steering.go
@@ -0,0 +1,503 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/routing"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/tools"
+)
+
+// SteeringMode controls how queued steering messages are dequeued.
+type SteeringMode string
+
+const (
+	// SteeringOneAtATime dequeues only the first queued message per poll.
+	SteeringOneAtATime SteeringMode = "one-at-a-time"
+	// SteeringAll drains the entire queue in a single poll.
+	SteeringAll SteeringMode = "all"
+	// MaxQueueSize number of possible messages in the Steering Queue
+	MaxQueueSize = 10
+	// manualSteeringScope is the legacy fallback queue used when no active
+	// turn/session scope is available.
+	manualSteeringScope = "__manual__"
+)
+
+// parseSteeringMode normalizes a config string into a SteeringMode.
+func parseSteeringMode(s string) SteeringMode {
+	switch s {
+	case "all":
+		return SteeringAll
+	default:
+		return SteeringOneAtATime
+	}
+}
+
+// steeringQueue is a thread-safe queue of user messages that can be injected
+// into a running agent loop to interrupt it between tool calls.
+type steeringQueue struct {
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	queues map[string][]providers.Message
+	mode   SteeringMode
+}
+
+func newSteeringQueue(mode SteeringMode) *steeringQueue {
+	return &steeringQueue{
+		queues: make(map[string][]providers.Message),
+		mode:   mode,
+	}
+}
+
+func normalizeSteeringScope(scope string) string {
+	scope = strings.TrimSpace(scope)
+	if scope == "" {
+		return manualSteeringScope
+	}
+	return scope
+}
+
+// push enqueues a steering message in the legacy fallback scope.
+func (sq *steeringQueue) push(msg providers.Message) error {
+	return sq.pushScope(manualSteeringScope, msg)
+}
+
+// pushScope enqueues a steering message for the provided scope.
+func (sq *steeringQueue) pushScope(scope string, msg providers.Message) error {
+	sq.mu.Lock()
+	defer sq.mu.Unlock()
+
+	scope = normalizeSteeringScope(scope)
+	queue := sq.queues[scope]
+	if len(queue) >= MaxQueueSize {
+		return fmt.Errorf("steering queue is full")
+	}
+	sq.queues[scope] = append(queue, msg)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// dequeue removes and returns pending steering messages from the legacy
+// fallback scope according to the configured mode.
+func (sq *steeringQueue) dequeue() []providers.Message {
+	return sq.dequeueScope(manualSteeringScope)
+}
+
+// dequeueScope removes and returns pending steering messages for the provided
+// scope according to the configured mode.
+func (sq *steeringQueue) dequeueScope(scope string) []providers.Message {
+	sq.mu.Lock()
+	defer sq.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return sq.dequeueLocked(normalizeSteeringScope(scope))
+}
+
+// dequeueScopeWithFallback drains the scoped queue first and falls back to the
+// legacy manual scope for backwards compatibility.
+func (sq *steeringQueue) dequeueScopeWithFallback(scope string) []providers.Message {
+	sq.mu.Lock()
+	defer sq.mu.Unlock()
+
+	scope = strings.TrimSpace(scope)
+	if scope != "" {
+		if msgs := sq.dequeueLocked(scope); len(msgs) > 0 {
+			return msgs
+		}
+	}
+
+	return sq.dequeueLocked(manualSteeringScope)
+}
+
+func (sq *steeringQueue) dequeueLocked(scope string) []providers.Message {
+	queue := sq.queues[scope]
+	if len(queue) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch sq.mode {
+	case SteeringAll:
+		msgs := append([]providers.Message(nil), queue...)
+		delete(sq.queues, scope)
+		return msgs
+	default:
+		msg := queue[0]
+		queue[0] = providers.Message{} // Clear reference for GC
+		queue = queue[1:]
+		if len(queue) == 0 {
+			delete(sq.queues, scope)
+		} else {
+			sq.queues[scope] = queue
+		}
+		return []providers.Message{msg}
+	}
+}
+
+// len returns the number of queued messages across all scopes.
+func (sq *steeringQueue) len() int {
+	sq.mu.Lock()
+	defer sq.mu.Unlock()
+
+	total := 0
+	for _, queue := range sq.queues {
+		total += len(queue)
+	}
+	return total
+}
+
+// lenScope returns the number of queued messages for a specific scope.
+func (sq *steeringQueue) lenScope(scope string) int {
+	sq.mu.Lock()
+	defer sq.mu.Unlock()
+	return len(sq.queues[normalizeSteeringScope(scope)])
+}
+
+// setMode updates the steering mode.
+func (sq *steeringQueue) setMode(mode SteeringMode) {
+	sq.mu.Lock()
+	defer sq.mu.Unlock()
+	sq.mode = mode
+}
+
+// getMode returns the current steering mode.
+func (sq *steeringQueue) getMode() SteeringMode {
+	sq.mu.Lock()
+	defer sq.mu.Unlock()
+	return sq.mode
+}
+
+// Steer enqueues a user message to be injected into the currently running
+// agent loop. The message will be picked up after the current tool finishes
+// executing, causing any remaining tool calls in the batch to be skipped.
+func (al *AgentLoop) Steer(msg providers.Message) error {
+	scope := ""
+	agentID := ""
+	if ts := al.getAnyActiveTurnState(); ts != nil {
+		scope = ts.sessionKey
+		agentID = ts.agentID
+	}
+	return al.enqueueSteeringMessage(scope, agentID, msg)
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) enqueueSteeringMessage(scope, agentID string, msg providers.Message) error {
+	if al.steering == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("steering queue is not initialized")
+	}
+
+	if err := al.steering.pushScope(scope, msg); err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("agent", "Failed to enqueue steering message", map[string]any{
+			"error": err.Error(),
+			"role":  msg.Role,
+			"scope": normalizeSteeringScope(scope),
+		})
+		return err
+	}
+
+	queueDepth := al.steering.lenScope(scope)
+	logger.DebugCF("agent", "Steering message enqueued", map[string]any{
+		"role":        msg.Role,
+		"content_len": len(msg.Content),
+		"media_count": len(msg.Media),
+		"queue_len":   queueDepth,
+		"scope":       normalizeSteeringScope(scope),
+	})
+
+	meta := EventMeta{
+		Source:    "Steer",
+		TracePath: "turn.interrupt.received",
+	}
+	if ts := al.getAnyActiveTurnState(); ts != nil {
+		meta = ts.eventMeta("Steer", "turn.interrupt.received")
+	} else {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(agentID) != "" {
+			meta.AgentID = agentID
+		}
+		normalizedScope := normalizeSteeringScope(scope)
+		if normalizedScope != manualSteeringScope {
+			meta.SessionKey = normalizedScope
+		}
+		if meta.AgentID == "" {
+			if registry := al.GetRegistry(); registry != nil {
+				if agent := registry.GetDefaultAgent(); agent != nil {
+					meta.AgentID = agent.ID
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	al.emitEvent(
+		EventKindInterruptReceived,
+		meta,
+		InterruptReceivedPayload{
+			Kind:       InterruptKindSteering,
+			Role:       msg.Role,
+			ContentLen: len(msg.Content),
+			QueueDepth: queueDepth,
+		},
+	)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SteeringMode returns the current steering mode.
+func (al *AgentLoop) SteeringMode() SteeringMode {
+	if al.steering == nil {
+		return SteeringOneAtATime
+	}
+	return al.steering.getMode()
+}
+
+// SetSteeringMode updates the steering mode.
+func (al *AgentLoop) SetSteeringMode(mode SteeringMode) {
+	if al.steering == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	al.steering.setMode(mode)
+}
+
+// dequeueSteeringMessages is the internal method called by the agent loop
+// to poll for steering messages in the legacy fallback scope.
+func (al *AgentLoop) dequeueSteeringMessages() []providers.Message {
+	if al.steering == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return al.steering.dequeue()
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) dequeueSteeringMessagesForScope(scope string) []providers.Message {
+	if al.steering == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return al.steering.dequeueScope(scope)
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) dequeueSteeringMessagesForScopeWithFallback(scope string) []providers.Message {
+	if al.steering == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return al.steering.dequeueScopeWithFallback(scope)
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) pendingSteeringCountForScope(scope string) int {
+	if al.steering == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return al.steering.lenScope(scope)
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) continueWithSteeringMessages(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	agent *AgentInstance,
+	sessionKey, channel, chatID string,
+	steeringMsgs []providers.Message,
+) (string, error) {
+	return al.runAgentLoop(ctx, agent, processOptions{
+		SessionKey:              sessionKey,
+		Channel:                 channel,
+		ChatID:                  chatID,
+		DefaultResponse:         defaultResponse,
+		EnableSummary:           true,
+		SendResponse:            false,
+		InitialSteeringMessages: steeringMsgs,
+		SkipInitialSteeringPoll: true,
+	})
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) agentForSession(sessionKey string) *AgentInstance {
+	registry := al.GetRegistry()
+	if registry == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if parsed := routing.ParseAgentSessionKey(sessionKey); parsed != nil {
+		if agent, ok := registry.GetAgent(parsed.AgentID); ok {
+			return agent
+		}
+	}
+
+	return registry.GetDefaultAgent()
+}
+
+// Continue resumes an idle agent by dequeuing any pending steering messages
+// and running them through the agent loop. This is used when the agent's last
+// message was from the assistant (i.e., it has stopped processing) and the
+// user has since enqueued steering messages.
+//
+// If no steering messages are pending, it returns an empty string.
+func (al *AgentLoop) Continue(ctx context.Context, sessionKey, channel, chatID string) (string, error) {
+	if active := al.GetActiveTurn(); active != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("turn %s is still active", active.TurnID)
+	}
+	if err := al.ensureHooksInitialized(ctx); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := al.ensureMCPInitialized(ctx); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	steeringMsgs := al.dequeueSteeringMessagesForScopeWithFallback(sessionKey)
+	if len(steeringMsgs) == 0 {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	agent := al.agentForSession(sessionKey)
+	if agent == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no agent available for session %q", sessionKey)
+	}
+
+	if tool, ok := agent.Tools.Get("message"); ok {
+		if resetter, ok := tool.(interface{ ResetSentInRound() }); ok {
+			resetter.ResetSentInRound()
+		}
+	}
+
+	return al.continueWithSteeringMessages(ctx, agent, sessionKey, channel, chatID, steeringMsgs)
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) InterruptGraceful(hint string) error {
+	ts := al.getAnyActiveTurnState()
+	if ts == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no active turn")
+	}
+	if !ts.requestGracefulInterrupt(hint) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("turn %s cannot accept graceful interrupt", ts.turnID)
+	}
+
+	al.emitEvent(
+		EventKindInterruptReceived,
+		ts.eventMeta("InterruptGraceful", "turn.interrupt.received"),
+		InterruptReceivedPayload{
+			Kind:    InterruptKindGraceful,
+			HintLen: len(hint),
+		},
+	)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) InterruptHard() error {
+	ts := al.getAnyActiveTurnState()
+	if ts == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no active turn")
+	}
+	if !ts.requestHardAbort() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("turn %s is already aborting", ts.turnID)
+	}
+
+	al.emitEvent(
+		EventKindInterruptReceived,
+		ts.eventMeta("InterruptHard", "turn.interrupt.received"),
+		InterruptReceivedPayload{
+			Kind: InterruptKindHard,
+		},
+	)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ====================== SubTurn Result Polling ======================
+
+// dequeuePendingSubTurnResults polls the SubTurn result channel for the given
+// session and returns all available results without blocking.
+// Returns nil if no active turn state exists for this session.
+func (al *AgentLoop) dequeuePendingSubTurnResults(sessionKey string) []*tools.ToolResult {
+	tsInterface, ok := al.activeTurnStates.Load(sessionKey)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	ts, ok := tsInterface.(*turnState)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var results []*tools.ToolResult
+	for {
+		select {
+		case result, ok := <-ts.pendingResults:
+			if !ok {
+				return results
+			}
+			if result != nil {
+				results = append(results, result)
+			}
+		default:
+			return results
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// ====================== Hard Abort ======================
+
+// HardAbort immediately cancels the running agent loop for the given session,
+// cascading the cancellation to all child SubTurns. This is a destructive operation
+// that terminates execution without waiting for graceful cleanup.
+//
+// Use this when the user explicitly requests immediate termination (e.g., "stop now", "abort").
+// For graceful interruption that allows the agent to finish the current tool and summarize,
+// use Steer() instead.
+func (al *AgentLoop) HardAbort(sessionKey string) error {
+	tsInterface, ok := al.activeTurnStates.Load(sessionKey)
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no active turn state found for session %s", sessionKey)
+	}
+
+	ts, ok := tsInterface.(*turnState)
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid turn state type for session %s", sessionKey)
+	}
+
+	logger.InfoCF("agent", "Hard abort triggered", map[string]any{
+		"session_key":            sessionKey,
+		"turn_id":                ts.turnID,
+		"depth":                  ts.depth,
+		"initial_history_length": ts.initialHistoryLength,
+	})
+
+	// IMPORTANT: Trigger cascading cancellation FIRST to stop all child SubTurns
+	// from adding more messages to the session. This prevents race conditions
+	// where rollback happens while children are still writing.
+	// Use isHardAbort=true for hard abort to immediately cancel all children.
+	ts.Finish(true)
+
+	// Roll back session history to the state before the turn started.
+	if ts.session != nil {
+		history := ts.session.GetHistory(sessionKey)
+		if ts.initialHistoryLength < len(history) {
+			ts.session.SetHistory(sessionKey, history[:ts.initialHistoryLength])
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ====================== Follow-Up Injection ======================
+
+// InjectFollowUp enqueues a message to be automatically processed after the current
+// turn completes. Unlike Steer(), which interrupts the current execution, InjectFollowUp
+// waits for the current turn to finish naturally before processing the message.
+//
+// This is useful for:
+// - Automated workflows that need to chain multiple turns
+// - Background tasks that should run after the main task completes
+// - Scheduled follow-up actions
+//
+// The message will be processed via Continue() when the agent becomes idle.
+func (al *AgentLoop) InjectFollowUp(msg providers.Message) error {
+	// InjectFollowUp uses the same steering queue mechanism as Steer(),
+	// but the semantic difference is in when it's called:
+	// - Steer() is called during active execution to interrupt
+	// - InjectFollowUp() is called when planning future work
+	//
+	// Both end up in the same queue and are processed by Continue()
+	// when the agent is idle.
+	return al.Steer(msg)
+}
+
+// ====================== API Aliases for Design Document Compatibility ======================
+
+// InjectSteering is an alias for Steer() to match the design document naming.
+// It injects a steering message into the currently running agent loop.
+func (al *AgentLoop) InjectSteering(msg providers.Message) error {
+	return al.Steer(msg)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/steering_test.go b/pkg/agent/steering_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75ba9861d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/steering_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1591 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/routing"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/tools"
+)
+
+// --- steeringQueue unit tests ---
+
+func TestSteeringQueue_PushDequeue_OneAtATime(t *testing.T) {
+	sq := newSteeringQueue(SteeringOneAtATime)
+
+	sq.push(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "msg1"})
+	sq.push(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "msg2"})
+	sq.push(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "msg3"})
+
+	if sq.len() != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 messages, got %d", sq.len())
+	}
+
+	msgs := sq.dequeue()
+	if len(msgs) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 message in one-at-a-time mode, got %d", len(msgs))
+	}
+	if msgs[0].Content != "msg1" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 'msg1', got %q", msgs[0].Content)
+	}
+	if sq.len() != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 remaining, got %d", sq.len())
+	}
+
+	msgs = sq.dequeue()
+	if len(msgs) != 1 || msgs[0].Content != "msg2" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 'msg2', got %v", msgs)
+	}
+
+	msgs = sq.dequeue()
+	if len(msgs) != 1 || msgs[0].Content != "msg3" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 'msg3', got %v", msgs)
+	}
+
+	msgs = sq.dequeue()
+	if msgs != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil from empty queue, got %v", msgs)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSteeringQueue_PushDequeue_All(t *testing.T) {
+	sq := newSteeringQueue(SteeringAll)
+
+	sq.push(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "msg1"})
+	sq.push(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "msg2"})
+	sq.push(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "msg3"})
+
+	msgs := sq.dequeue()
+	if len(msgs) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 messages in all mode, got %d", len(msgs))
+	}
+	if msgs[0].Content != "msg1" || msgs[1].Content != "msg2" || msgs[2].Content != "msg3" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected messages: %v", msgs)
+	}
+
+	if sq.len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 0 remaining, got %d", sq.len())
+	}
+
+	msgs = sq.dequeue()
+	if msgs != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil from empty queue, got %v", msgs)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSteeringQueue_EmptyDequeue(t *testing.T) {
+	sq := newSteeringQueue(SteeringOneAtATime)
+	if msgs := sq.dequeue(); msgs != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil, got %v", msgs)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSteeringQueue_SetMode(t *testing.T) {
+	sq := newSteeringQueue(SteeringOneAtATime)
+	if sq.getMode() != SteeringOneAtATime {
+		t.Fatalf("expected one-at-a-time, got %v", sq.getMode())
+	}
+
+	sq.setMode(SteeringAll)
+	if sq.getMode() != SteeringAll {
+		t.Fatalf("expected all, got %v", sq.getMode())
+	}
+
+	// Push two messages and verify all-mode drains them
+	sq.push(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "a"})
+	sq.push(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "b"})
+
+	msgs := sq.dequeue()
+	if len(msgs) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 messages after mode switch, got %d", len(msgs))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSteeringQueue_ConcurrentAccess(t *testing.T) {
+	sq := newSteeringQueue(SteeringOneAtATime)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	const n = MaxQueueSize
+
+	// Push from multiple goroutines
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(i int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			sq.push(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: fmt.Sprintf("msg%d", i)})
+		}(i)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	if sq.len() != n {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %d messages, got %d", n, sq.len())
+	}
+
+	// Drain from multiple goroutines
+	var drained int
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			if msgs := sq.dequeue(); len(msgs) > 0 {
+				mu.Lock()
+				drained += len(msgs)
+				mu.Unlock()
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	if drained != n {
+		t.Fatalf("expected to drain %d messages, got %d", n, drained)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSteeringQueue_Overflow(t *testing.T) {
+	sq := newSteeringQueue(SteeringOneAtATime)
+
+	// Fill the queue up to its maximum capacity
+	for i := 0; i < MaxQueueSize; i++ {
+		err := sq.push(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: fmt.Sprintf("msg%d", i)})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error pushing message %d: %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Sanity check: ensure the queue is actually full
+	if sq.len() != MaxQueueSize {
+		t.Fatalf("expected queue length %d, got %d", MaxQueueSize, sq.len())
+	}
+
+	// Attempt to push one more message, which MUST fail
+	err := sq.push(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "overflow_msg"})
+
+	// Assert the error happened and is the exact one we expect
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected an error when pushing to a full queue, but got nil")
+	}
+
+	expectedErr := "steering queue is full"
+	if err.Error() != expectedErr {
+		t.Errorf("expected error message %q, got %q", expectedErr, err.Error())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseSteeringMode(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		input    string
+		expected SteeringMode
+	}{
+		{"", SteeringOneAtATime},
+		{"one-at-a-time", SteeringOneAtATime},
+		{"all", SteeringAll},
+		{"unknown", SteeringOneAtATime},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := parseSteeringMode(tt.input); got != tt.expected {
+				t.Fatalf("parseSteeringMode(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.input, got, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// --- AgentLoop steering integration tests ---
+
+func TestAgentLoop_Steer_Enqueues(t *testing.T) {
+	al, cfg, msgBus, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	if cfg == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected config to be initialized")
+	}
+	if msgBus == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected message bus to be initialized")
+	}
+	if provider == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected provider to be initialized")
+	}
+
+	al.Steer(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "interrupt me"})
+
+	if al.steering.len() != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 steering message, got %d", al.steering.len())
+	}
+
+	msgs := al.dequeueSteeringMessages()
+	if len(msgs) != 1 || msgs[0].Content != "interrupt me" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected dequeued message: %v", msgs)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_SteeringMode_GetSet(t *testing.T) {
+	al, cfg, msgBus, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	if cfg == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected config to be initialized")
+	}
+	if msgBus == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected message bus to be initialized")
+	}
+	if provider == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected provider to be initialized")
+	}
+
+	if al.SteeringMode() != SteeringOneAtATime {
+		t.Fatalf("expected default mode one-at-a-time, got %v", al.SteeringMode())
+	}
+
+	al.SetSteeringMode(SteeringAll)
+	if al.SteeringMode() != SteeringAll {
+		t.Fatalf("expected all mode, got %v", al.SteeringMode())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_SteeringMode_ConfiguredFromConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+				SteeringMode:      "all",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &mockProvider{}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	if al.SteeringMode() != SteeringAll {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 'all' mode from config, got %v", al.SteeringMode())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_Continue_NoMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	al, cfg, msgBus, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	if cfg == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected config to be initialized")
+	}
+	if msgBus == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected message bus to be initialized")
+	}
+	if provider == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected provider to be initialized")
+	}
+
+	resp, err := al.Continue(context.Background(), "test-session", "test", "chat1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty response for no steering messages, got %q", resp)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_Continue_WithMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &simpleMockProvider{response: "continued response"}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	al.Steer(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "new direction"})
+
+	resp, err := al.Continue(context.Background(), "test-session", "test", "chat1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp != "continued response" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 'continued response', got %q", resp)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDrainBusToSteering_RequeuesDifferentScopeMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+		Session: config.SessionConfig{
+			DMScope: "per-peer",
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, &mockProvider{})
+
+	activeMsg := bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		SenderID: "user1",
+		ChatID:   "chat1",
+		Content:  "active turn",
+		Peer: bus.Peer{
+			Kind: "direct",
+			ID:   "user1",
+		},
+	}
+	activeScope, activeAgentID, ok := al.resolveSteeringTarget(activeMsg)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected active message to resolve to a steering scope")
+	}
+
+	otherMsg := bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "telegram",
+		SenderID: "user2",
+		ChatID:   "chat2",
+		Content:  "other session",
+		Peer: bus.Peer{
+			Kind: "direct",
+			ID:   "user2",
+		},
+	}
+	otherScope, _, ok := al.resolveSteeringTarget(otherMsg)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected other message to resolve to a steering scope")
+	}
+	if otherScope == activeScope {
+		t.Fatalf("expected different steering scopes, got same scope %q", activeScope)
+	}
+
+	if err := msgBus.PublishInbound(context.Background(), otherMsg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("PublishInbound failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		al.drainBusToSteering(ctx, activeScope, activeAgentID)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for drainBusToSteering to stop")
+	}
+
+	if msgs := al.dequeueSteeringMessagesForScope(activeScope); len(msgs) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no steering messages for active scope, got %v", msgs)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		t.Fatalf("timeout waiting for requeued message on outbound bus")
+	case requeued := <-msgBus.OutboundChan():
+		if requeued.Channel != otherMsg.Channel || requeued.ChatID != otherMsg.ChatID ||
+			requeued.Content != otherMsg.Content {
+			t.Fatalf("requeued message mismatch: got %+v want %+v", requeued, otherMsg)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// slowTool simulates a tool that takes some time to execute.
+type slowTool struct {
+	name     string
+	duration time.Duration
+	execCh   chan struct{} // closed when Execute starts
+}
+
+func (t *slowTool) Name() string        { return t.name }
+func (t *slowTool) Description() string { return "slow tool for testing" }
+func (t *slowTool) Parameters() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"type":       "object",
+		"properties": map[string]any{},
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *slowTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *tools.ToolResult {
+	if t.execCh != nil {
+		close(t.execCh)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(t.duration)
+	return tools.SilentResult(fmt.Sprintf("executed %s", t.name))
+}
+
+// toolCallProvider returns an LLM response with tool calls on the first call,
+// then a direct response on subsequent calls.
+type toolCallProvider struct {
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	calls     int
+	toolCalls []providers.ToolCall
+	finalResp string
+}
+
+func (m *toolCallProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.calls++
+
+	if m.calls == 1 && len(m.toolCalls) > 0 {
+		return &providers.LLMResponse{
+			Content:   "",
+			ToolCalls: m.toolCalls,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{
+		Content:   m.finalResp,
+		ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *toolCallProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "tool-call-mock"
+}
+
+type gracefulCaptureProvider struct {
+	mu                 sync.Mutex
+	calls              int
+	toolCalls          []providers.ToolCall
+	finalResp          string
+	terminalMessages   []providers.Message
+	terminalToolsCount int
+}
+
+func (p *gracefulCaptureProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+	p.calls++
+
+	if p.calls == 1 {
+		return &providers.LLMResponse{
+			ToolCalls: p.toolCalls,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	p.terminalMessages = append([]providers.Message(nil), messages...)
+	p.terminalToolsCount = len(tools)
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{
+		Content: p.finalResp,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (p *gracefulCaptureProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "graceful-capture-mock"
+}
+
+type lateSteeringProvider struct {
+	mu                 sync.Mutex
+	calls              int
+	firstCallStarted   chan struct{}
+	releaseFirstCall   chan struct{}
+	firstStartOnce     sync.Once
+	secondCallMessages []providers.Message
+}
+
+func (p *lateSteeringProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	p.calls++
+	call := p.calls
+	p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if call == 1 {
+		p.firstStartOnce.Do(func() { close(p.firstCallStarted) })
+		<-p.releaseFirstCall
+		return &providers.LLMResponse{Content: "first response"}, nil
+	}
+
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	p.secondCallMessages = append([]providers.Message(nil), messages...)
+	p.mu.Unlock()
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{Content: "continued response"}, nil
+}
+
+func (p *lateSteeringProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "late-steering-mock"
+}
+
+type blockingDirectProvider struct {
+	mu           sync.Mutex
+	calls        int
+	firstStarted chan struct{}
+	releaseFirst chan struct{}
+	firstResp    string
+	finalResp    string
+}
+
+func (p *blockingDirectProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	p.calls++
+	call := p.calls
+	firstStarted := p.firstStarted
+	releaseFirst := p.releaseFirst
+	firstResp := p.firstResp
+	finalResp := p.finalResp
+	if call == 1 && p.firstStarted != nil {
+		close(p.firstStarted)
+		p.firstStarted = nil
+	}
+	p.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if call == 1 {
+		select {
+		case <-releaseFirst:
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		}
+		return &providers.LLMResponse{Content: firstResp}, nil
+	}
+
+	_ = firstStarted
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{Content: finalResp}, nil
+}
+
+func (p *blockingDirectProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "blocking-direct-mock"
+}
+
+type interruptibleTool struct {
+	name    string
+	started chan struct{}
+	once    sync.Once
+}
+
+func (t *interruptibleTool) Name() string        { return t.name }
+func (t *interruptibleTool) Description() string { return "interruptible tool for testing" }
+func (t *interruptibleTool) Parameters() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"type":       "object",
+		"properties": map[string]any{},
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *interruptibleTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *tools.ToolResult {
+	if t.started != nil {
+		t.once.Do(func() { close(t.started) })
+	}
+	<-ctx.Done()
+	return tools.ErrorResult(ctx.Err().Error()).WithError(ctx.Err())
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_Steering_SkipsRemainingTools(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tool1ExecCh := make(chan struct{})
+	tool1 := &slowTool{name: "tool_one", duration: 50 * time.Millisecond, execCh: tool1ExecCh}
+	tool2 := &slowTool{name: "tool_two", duration: 50 * time.Millisecond}
+
+	provider := &toolCallProvider{
+		toolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+			{
+				ID:   "call_1",
+				Type: "function",
+				Name: "tool_one",
+				Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "tool_one",
+					Arguments: "{}",
+				},
+				Arguments: map[string]any{},
+			},
+			{
+				ID:   "call_2",
+				Type: "function",
+				Name: "tool_two",
+				Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "tool_two",
+					Arguments: "{}",
+				},
+				Arguments: map[string]any{},
+			},
+		},
+		finalResp: "steered response",
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+	al.RegisterTool(tool1)
+	al.RegisterTool(tool2)
+
+	// Start processing in a goroutine
+	type result struct {
+		resp string
+		err  error
+	}
+	resultCh := make(chan result, 1)
+
+	go func() {
+		resp, err := al.ProcessDirectWithChannel(
+			context.Background(),
+			"do something",
+			"test-session",
+			"test",
+			"chat1",
+		)
+		resultCh <- result{resp, err}
+	}()
+
+	// Wait for tool_one to start executing, then enqueue a steering message
+	select {
+	case <-tool1ExecCh:
+		// tool_one has started executing
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for tool_one to start")
+	}
+
+	al.Steer(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "change course"})
+
+	// Get the result
+	select {
+	case r := <-resultCh:
+		if r.err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", r.err)
+		}
+		if r.resp != "steered response" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected 'steered response', got %q", r.resp)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for agent loop to complete")
+	}
+
+	// The provider should have been called twice:
+	// 1. first call returned tool calls
+	// 2. second call (after steering) returned the final response
+	provider.mu.Lock()
+	calls := provider.calls
+	provider.mu.Unlock()
+	if calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 provider calls, got %d", calls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_Steering_InitialPoll(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Provider that captures messages it receives
+	var capturedMessages []providers.Message
+	var capMu sync.Mutex
+	provider := &capturingMockProvider{
+		response: "ack",
+		captureFn: func(msgs []providers.Message) {
+			capMu.Lock()
+			capturedMessages = make([]providers.Message, len(msgs))
+			copy(capturedMessages, msgs)
+			capMu.Unlock()
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	// Enqueue a steering message before processing starts
+	al.Steer(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "pre-enqueued steering"})
+
+	// Process a normal message - the initial steering poll should inject the steering message
+	_, err = al.ProcessDirectWithChannel(
+		context.Background(),
+		"initial message",
+		"test-session",
+		"test",
+		"chat1",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// The steering message should have been injected into the conversation
+	capMu.Lock()
+	msgs := capturedMessages
+	capMu.Unlock()
+
+	// Look for the steering message in the captured messages
+	found := false
+	for _, m := range msgs {
+		if m.Content == "pre-enqueued steering" {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Fatal("expected steering message to be injected into conversation context")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_Run_AutoContinuesLateSteeringMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &lateSteeringProvider{
+		firstCallStarted: make(chan struct{}),
+		releaseFirstCall: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	runCtx, cancelRun := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancelRun()
+
+	runErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		runErrCh <- al.Run(runCtx)
+	}()
+
+	first := bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "test",
+		SenderID: "user1",
+		ChatID:   "chat1",
+		Content:  "first message",
+		Peer: bus.Peer{
+			Kind: "direct",
+			ID:   "user1",
+		},
+	}
+	late := bus.InboundMessage{
+		Channel:  "test",
+		SenderID: "user1",
+		ChatID:   "chat1",
+		Content:  "late append",
+		Peer: bus.Peer{
+			Kind: "direct",
+			ID:   "user1",
+		},
+	}
+
+	pubCtx, pubCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
+	defer pubCancel()
+	if err := msgBus.PublishInbound(pubCtx, first); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("publish first inbound: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-provider.firstCallStarted:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for first provider call to start")
+	}
+
+	if err := msgBus.PublishInbound(pubCtx, late); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("publish late inbound: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	close(provider.releaseFirstCall)
+
+	subCtx, subCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer subCancel()
+
+	var out1 bus.OutboundMessage
+	select {
+	case out1 = <-msgBus.OutboundChan():
+	case <-subCtx.Done():
+		t.Fatal("expected outbound response")
+	}
+	if out1.Content != "continued response" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected continued response, got %q", out1.Content)
+	}
+
+	noExtraCtx, cancelNoExtra := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 200*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancelNoExtra()
+	select {
+	case out2 := <-msgBus.OutboundChan():
+		t.Fatalf("expected stale direct response to be suppressed, got extra outbound %q", out2.Content)
+	case <-noExtraCtx.Done():
+	}
+
+	cancelRun()
+	select {
+	case err := <-runErrCh:
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Run returned error: %v", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for Run to stop")
+	}
+
+	provider.mu.Lock()
+	calls := provider.calls
+	secondMessages := append([]providers.Message(nil), provider.secondCallMessages...)
+	provider.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 provider calls, got %d", calls)
+	}
+
+	foundLateMessage := false
+	for _, msg := range secondMessages {
+		if msg.Role == "user" && msg.Content == "late append" {
+			foundLateMessage = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundLateMessage {
+		t.Fatal("expected queued late message to be processed in an automatic follow-up turn")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_Steering_DirectResponseContinuesWithQueuedMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	sessionKey := routing.BuildAgentMainSessionKey(routing.DefaultAgentID)
+	provider := &blockingDirectProvider{
+		firstStarted: make(chan struct{}),
+		releaseFirst: make(chan struct{}),
+		firstResp:    "stale direct response",
+		finalResp:    "fresh response after steering",
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	resultCh := make(chan struct {
+		resp string
+		err  error
+	}, 1)
+	go func() {
+		resp, err := al.ProcessDirectWithChannel(
+			context.Background(),
+			"initial request",
+			sessionKey,
+			"test",
+			"chat1",
+		)
+		resultCh <- struct {
+			resp string
+			err  error
+		}{resp: resp, err: err}
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-provider.firstStarted:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for first LLM call to start")
+	}
+
+	if err := al.Steer(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "follow-up instruction"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Steer failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	close(provider.releaseFirst)
+
+	select {
+	case result := <-resultCh:
+		if result.err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", result.err)
+		}
+		if result.resp != "fresh response after steering" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected refreshed response, got %q", result.resp)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for ProcessDirectWithChannel")
+	}
+
+	provider.mu.Lock()
+	calls := provider.calls
+	provider.mu.Unlock()
+	if calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 provider calls, got %d", calls)
+	}
+
+	if msgs := al.dequeueSteeringMessagesForScope(sessionKey); len(msgs) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected steering queue to be empty after continuation, got %v", msgs)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_Continue_PreservesSteeringMedia(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	pngPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "steer.png")
+	pngHeader := []byte{
+		0x89, 0x50, 0x4E, 0x47, 0x0D, 0x0A, 0x1A, 0x0A,
+		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0D,
+		0x49, 0x48, 0x44, 0x52,
+		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x08, 0x02,
+		0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+		0x90, 0x77, 0x53, 0xDE,
+	}
+	if err = os.WriteFile(pngPath, pngHeader, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	ref, err := store.Store(pngPath, media.MediaMeta{Filename: "steer.png", ContentType: "image/png"}, "test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var capturedMessages []providers.Message
+	var capMu sync.Mutex
+	provider := &capturingMockProvider{
+		response: "ack",
+		captureFn: func(msgs []providers.Message) {
+			capMu.Lock()
+			defer capMu.Unlock()
+			capturedMessages = append([]providers.Message(nil), msgs...)
+		},
+	}
+
+	sessionKey := routing.BuildAgentMainSessionKey(routing.DefaultAgentID)
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+	al.SetMediaStore(store)
+
+	if err = al.Steer(providers.Message{
+		Role:    "user",
+		Content: "describe this image",
+		Media:   []string{ref},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Steer failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := al.Continue(context.Background(), sessionKey, "test", "chat1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Continue failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp != "ack" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ack, got %q", resp)
+	}
+
+	capMu.Lock()
+	msgs := append([]providers.Message(nil), capturedMessages...)
+	capMu.Unlock()
+
+	foundResolvedMedia := false
+	for _, msg := range msgs {
+		if msg.Role != "user" || msg.Content != "describe this image" || len(msg.Media) != 1 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(msg.Media[0], "data:image/png;base64,") {
+			foundResolvedMedia = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundResolvedMedia {
+		t.Fatal("expected continue path to inject steering media into the provider request")
+	}
+
+	defaultAgent := al.registry.GetDefaultAgent()
+	if defaultAgent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected default agent")
+	}
+	history := defaultAgent.Sessions.GetHistory(sessionKey)
+	foundOriginalRef := false
+	for _, msg := range history {
+		if msg.Role == "user" && len(msg.Media) == 1 && msg.Media[0] == ref {
+			foundOriginalRef = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundOriginalRef {
+		t.Fatal("expected original steering media ref to be preserved in session history")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_InterruptGraceful_UsesTerminalNoToolCall(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tool1ExecCh := make(chan struct{})
+	tool1 := &slowTool{name: "tool_one", duration: 50 * time.Millisecond, execCh: tool1ExecCh}
+	tool2 := &slowTool{name: "tool_two", duration: 50 * time.Millisecond}
+
+	provider := &gracefulCaptureProvider{
+		toolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+			{
+				ID:   "call_1",
+				Type: "function",
+				Name: "tool_one",
+				Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "tool_one",
+					Arguments: "{}",
+				},
+				Arguments: map[string]any{},
+			},
+			{
+				ID:   "call_2",
+				Type: "function",
+				Name: "tool_two",
+				Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "tool_two",
+					Arguments: "{}",
+				},
+				Arguments: map[string]any{},
+			},
+		},
+		finalResp: "graceful summary",
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+	al.RegisterTool(tool1)
+	al.RegisterTool(tool2)
+	sessionKey := routing.BuildAgentMainSessionKey(routing.DefaultAgentID)
+
+	sub := al.SubscribeEvents(32)
+	defer al.UnsubscribeEvents(sub.ID)
+
+	type result struct {
+		resp string
+		err  error
+	}
+	resultCh := make(chan result, 1)
+	go func() {
+		resp, err := al.ProcessDirectWithChannel(
+			context.Background(),
+			"do something",
+			sessionKey,
+			"test",
+			"chat1",
+		)
+		resultCh <- result{resp: resp, err: err}
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-tool1ExecCh:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for tool_one to start")
+	}
+
+	active := al.GetActiveTurn()
+	if active == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected active turn while tool is running")
+	}
+	if active.SessionKey != sessionKey {
+		t.Fatalf("expected active session %q, got %q", sessionKey, active.SessionKey)
+	}
+	if active.Channel != "test" || active.ChatID != "chat1" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected active turn target: %#v", active)
+	}
+
+	if err := al.InterruptGraceful("wrap it up"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("InterruptGraceful failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case r := <-resultCh:
+		if r.err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", r.err)
+		}
+		if r.resp != "graceful summary" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected graceful summary, got %q", r.resp)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for graceful interrupt result")
+	}
+
+	if active := al.GetActiveTurn(); active != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no active turn after completion, got %#v", active)
+	}
+
+	provider.mu.Lock()
+	terminalMessages := append([]providers.Message(nil), provider.terminalMessages...)
+	terminalToolsCount := provider.terminalToolsCount
+	calls := provider.calls
+	provider.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 provider calls, got %d", calls)
+	}
+	if terminalToolsCount != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected graceful terminal call to disable tools, got %d tool defs", terminalToolsCount)
+	}
+
+	foundHint := false
+	foundSkipped := false
+	expectedHint := "Interrupt requested. Stop scheduling tools and provide a short final summary.\n\n" +
+		"Interrupt hint: wrap it up"
+	for _, msg := range terminalMessages {
+		if msg.Role == "user" && msg.Content == expectedHint {
+			foundHint = true
+		}
+		if msg.Role == "tool" && msg.ToolCallID == "call_2" && msg.Content == "Skipped due to graceful interrupt." {
+			foundSkipped = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundHint {
+		t.Fatal("expected graceful terminal call to include interrupt hint message")
+	}
+	if !foundSkipped {
+		t.Fatal("expected remaining tool to be marked as skipped after graceful interrupt")
+	}
+
+	events := collectEventStream(sub.C)
+	interruptEvt, ok := findEvent(events, EventKindInterruptReceived)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected interrupt received event")
+	}
+	interruptPayload, ok := interruptEvt.Payload.(InterruptReceivedPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected InterruptReceivedPayload, got %T", interruptEvt.Payload)
+	}
+	if interruptPayload.Kind != InterruptKindGraceful {
+		t.Fatalf("expected graceful interrupt payload, got %q", interruptPayload.Kind)
+	}
+
+	turnEndEvt, ok := findEvent(events, EventKindTurnEnd)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected turn end event")
+	}
+	turnEndPayload, ok := turnEndEvt.Payload.(TurnEndPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected TurnEndPayload, got %T", turnEndEvt.Payload)
+	}
+	if turnEndPayload.Status != TurnEndStatusCompleted {
+		t.Fatalf("expected completed turn after graceful interrupt, got %q", turnEndPayload.Status)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_InterruptHard_RestoresSession(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &toolCallProvider{
+		toolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+			{
+				ID:   "call_1",
+				Type: "function",
+				Name: "cancel_tool",
+				Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "cancel_tool",
+					Arguments: "{}",
+				},
+				Arguments: map[string]any{},
+			},
+		},
+		finalResp: "should not happen",
+	}
+
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+	started := make(chan struct{})
+	al.RegisterTool(&interruptibleTool{name: "cancel_tool", started: started})
+	sessionKey := routing.BuildAgentMainSessionKey(routing.DefaultAgentID)
+
+	defaultAgent := al.registry.GetDefaultAgent()
+	if defaultAgent == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected default agent")
+	}
+
+	originalHistory := []providers.Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "before"},
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "after"},
+	}
+	defaultAgent.Sessions.SetHistory(sessionKey, originalHistory)
+
+	sub := al.SubscribeEvents(16)
+	defer al.UnsubscribeEvents(sub.ID)
+
+	type result struct {
+		resp string
+		err  error
+	}
+	resultCh := make(chan result, 1)
+	go func() {
+		resp, err := al.ProcessDirectWithChannel(
+			context.Background(),
+			"do work",
+			sessionKey,
+			"test",
+			"chat1",
+		)
+		resultCh <- result{resp: resp, err: err}
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-started:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for interruptible tool to start")
+	}
+
+	if active := al.GetActiveTurn(); active == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected active turn before hard abort")
+	}
+
+	if err := al.InterruptHard(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("InterruptHard failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case r := <-resultCh:
+		if r.err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", r.err)
+		}
+		if r.resp != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected no final response after hard abort, got %q", r.resp)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for hard abort result")
+	}
+
+	if active := al.GetActiveTurn(); active != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no active turn after hard abort, got %#v", active)
+	}
+
+	finalHistory := defaultAgent.Sessions.GetHistory(sessionKey)
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(finalHistory, originalHistory) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected history rollback after hard abort, got %#v", finalHistory)
+	}
+
+	events := collectEventStream(sub.C)
+	interruptEvt, ok := findEvent(events, EventKindInterruptReceived)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected interrupt received event")
+	}
+	interruptPayload, ok := interruptEvt.Payload.(InterruptReceivedPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected InterruptReceivedPayload, got %T", interruptEvt.Payload)
+	}
+	if interruptPayload.Kind != InterruptKindHard {
+		t.Fatalf("expected hard interrupt payload, got %q", interruptPayload.Kind)
+	}
+
+	turnEndEvt, ok := findEvent(events, EventKindTurnEnd)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected turn end event")
+	}
+	turnEndPayload, ok := turnEndEvt.Payload.(TurnEndPayload)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected TurnEndPayload, got %T", turnEndEvt.Payload)
+	}
+	if turnEndPayload.Status != TurnEndStatusAborted {
+		t.Fatalf("expected aborted turn, got %q", turnEndPayload.Status)
+	}
+}
+
+// capturingMockProvider captures messages sent to Chat for inspection.
+type capturingMockProvider struct {
+	response  string
+	calls     int
+	captureFn func([]providers.Message)
+}
+
+func (m *capturingMockProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	m.calls++
+	if m.captureFn != nil {
+		m.captureFn(messages)
+	}
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{
+		Content:   m.response,
+		ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *capturingMockProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "capturing-mock"
+}
+
+func TestAgentLoop_Steering_SkippedToolsHaveErrorResults(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "agent-test-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         tmpDir,
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	execCh := make(chan struct{})
+	tool1 := &slowTool{name: "slow_tool", duration: 50 * time.Millisecond, execCh: execCh}
+	tool2 := &slowTool{name: "skipped_tool", duration: 50 * time.Millisecond}
+
+	// Provider that captures messages on the second call (after tools)
+	var secondCallMessages []providers.Message
+	var capMu sync.Mutex
+	callCount := 0
+
+	provider := &toolCallProvider{
+		toolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+			{
+				ID:   "call_1",
+				Type: "function",
+				Name: "slow_tool",
+				Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "slow_tool",
+					Arguments: "{}",
+				},
+				Arguments: map[string]any{},
+			},
+			{
+				ID:   "call_2",
+				Type: "function",
+				Name: "skipped_tool",
+				Function: &providers.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "skipped_tool",
+					Arguments: "{}",
+				},
+				Arguments: map[string]any{},
+			},
+		},
+		finalResp: "done",
+	}
+
+	// Wrap provider to capture messages on second call
+	wrappedProvider := &wrappingProvider{
+		inner: provider,
+		onChat: func(msgs []providers.Message) {
+			capMu.Lock()
+			callCount++
+			if callCount >= 2 {
+				secondCallMessages = make([]providers.Message, len(msgs))
+				copy(secondCallMessages, msgs)
+			}
+			capMu.Unlock()
+		},
+	}
+
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, wrappedProvider)
+	al.RegisterTool(tool1)
+	al.RegisterTool(tool2)
+
+	resultCh := make(chan string, 1)
+	go func() {
+		resp, _ := al.ProcessDirectWithChannel(
+			context.Background(), "go", "test-session", "test", "chat1",
+		)
+		resultCh <- resp
+	}()
+
+	<-execCh
+	al.Steer(providers.Message{Role: "user", Content: "interrupt!"})
+
+	select {
+	case <-resultCh:
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout")
+	}
+
+	// Check that the skipped tool result message is in the conversation
+	capMu.Lock()
+	msgs := secondCallMessages
+	capMu.Unlock()
+
+	foundSkipped := false
+	for _, m := range msgs {
+		if m.Role == "tool" && m.ToolCallID == "call_2" && m.Content == "Skipped due to queued user message." {
+			foundSkipped = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundSkipped {
+		// Log what we actually got
+		for i, m := range msgs {
+			t.Logf("msg[%d]: role=%s toolCallID=%s content=%s", i, m.Role, m.ToolCallID, truncate(m.Content, 80))
+		}
+		t.Fatal("expected skipped tool result for call_2")
+	}
+}
+
+func truncate(s string, n int) string {
+	if len(s) <= n {
+		return s
+	}
+	return s[:n] + "..."
+}
+
+// wrappingProvider wraps another provider to hook into Chat calls.
+type wrappingProvider struct {
+	inner  providers.LLMProvider
+	onChat func([]providers.Message)
+}
+
+func (w *wrappingProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	if w.onChat != nil {
+		w.onChat(messages)
+	}
+	return w.inner.Chat(ctx, messages, tools, model, opts)
+}
+
+func (w *wrappingProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return w.inner.GetDefaultModel()
+}
+
+// Ensure NormalizeToolCall handles our test tool calls.
+func init() {
+	// This is a no-op init; we just need the tool call tests to work
+	// with the proper argument serialization.
+	_ = json.Marshal
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/subturn.go b/pkg/agent/subturn.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5ba412ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/subturn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,671 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/tools"
+)
+
+// ====================== Config & Constants ======================
+const (
+	// Default values for SubTurn configuration (used when config is not set or is zero)
+	defaultMaxSubTurnDepth       = 3
+	defaultMaxConcurrentSubTurns = 5
+	defaultConcurrencyTimeout    = 30 * time.Second
+	defaultSubTurnTimeout        = 5 * time.Minute
+	// maxEphemeralHistorySize limits the number of messages stored in ephemeral sessions.
+	// This prevents memory accumulation in long-running sub-turns.
+	maxEphemeralHistorySize = 50
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrDepthLimitExceeded   = errors.New("sub-turn depth limit exceeded")
+	ErrInvalidSubTurnConfig = errors.New("invalid sub-turn config")
+	ErrConcurrencyTimeout   = errors.New("timeout waiting for concurrency slot")
+)
+
+// getSubTurnConfig returns the effective SubTurn configuration with defaults applied.
+func (al *AgentLoop) getSubTurnConfig() subTurnRuntimeConfig {
+	cfg := al.cfg.Agents.Defaults.SubTurn
+
+	maxDepth := cfg.MaxDepth
+	if maxDepth <= 0 {
+		maxDepth = defaultMaxSubTurnDepth
+	}
+
+	maxConcurrent := cfg.MaxConcurrent
+	if maxConcurrent <= 0 {
+		maxConcurrent = defaultMaxConcurrentSubTurns
+	}
+
+	concurrencyTimeout := time.Duration(cfg.ConcurrencyTimeoutSec) * time.Second
+	if concurrencyTimeout <= 0 {
+		concurrencyTimeout = defaultConcurrencyTimeout
+	}
+
+	defaultTimeout := time.Duration(cfg.DefaultTimeoutMinutes) * time.Minute
+	if defaultTimeout <= 0 {
+		defaultTimeout = defaultSubTurnTimeout
+	}
+
+	return subTurnRuntimeConfig{
+		maxDepth:           maxDepth,
+		maxConcurrent:      maxConcurrent,
+		concurrencyTimeout: concurrencyTimeout,
+		defaultTimeout:     defaultTimeout,
+		defaultTokenBudget: cfg.DefaultTokenBudget,
+	}
+}
+
+// subTurnRuntimeConfig holds the effective runtime configuration for SubTurn execution.
+type subTurnRuntimeConfig struct {
+	maxDepth           int
+	maxConcurrent      int
+	concurrencyTimeout time.Duration
+	defaultTimeout     time.Duration
+	defaultTokenBudget int
+}
+
+// ====================== SubTurn Config ======================
+
+// SubTurnConfig configures the execution of a child sub-turn.
+//
+// Usage Examples:
+//
+// Synchronous sub-turn (Async=false):
+//
+//	cfg := SubTurnConfig{
+//	    Model: "gpt-4o-mini",
+//	    SystemPrompt: "Analyze this code",
+//	    Async: false,  // Result returned immediately
+//	}
+//	result, err := SpawnSubTurn(ctx, cfg)
+//	// Use result directly here
+//	processResult(result)
+//
+// Asynchronous sub-turn (Async=true):
+//
+//	cfg := SubTurnConfig{
+//	    Model: "gpt-4o-mini",
+//	    SystemPrompt: "Background analysis",
+//	    Async: true,  // Result delivered to channel
+//	}
+//	result, err := SpawnSubTurn(ctx, cfg)
+//	// Result also available in parent's pendingResults channel
+//	// Parent turn will poll and process it in a later iteration
+type SubTurnConfig struct {
+	Model        string
+	Tools        []tools.Tool
+	SystemPrompt string
+	MaxTokens    int
+
+	// Async controls the result delivery mechanism:
+	//
+	// When Async = false (synchronous sub-turn):
+	//   - The caller blocks until the sub-turn completes
+	//   - The result is ONLY returned via the function return value
+	//   - The result is NOT delivered to the parent's pendingResults channel
+	//   - This prevents double delivery: caller gets result immediately, no need for channel
+	//   - Use case: When the caller needs the result immediately to continue execution
+	//   - Example: A tool that needs to process the sub-turn result before returning
+	//
+	// When Async = true (asynchronous sub-turn):
+	//   - The sub-turn runs in the background (still blocks the caller, but semantically async)
+	//   - The result is delivered to the parent's pendingResults channel
+	//   - The result is ALSO returned via the function return value (for consistency)
+	//   - The parent turn can poll pendingResults in later iterations to process results
+	//   - Use case: Fire-and-forget operations, or when results are processed in batches
+	//   - Example: Spawning multiple sub-turns in parallel and collecting results later
+	//
+	// IMPORTANT: The Async flag does NOT make the call non-blocking. It only controls
+	// whether the result is delivered via the channel. For true non-blocking execution,
+	// the caller must spawn the sub-turn in a separate goroutine.
+	Async bool
+
+	// Critical indicates this SubTurn's result is important and should continue
+	// running even after the parent turn finishes gracefully.
+	//
+	// When parent finishes gracefully (Finish(false)):
+	//   - Critical=true: SubTurn continues running, delivers result as orphan
+	//   - Critical=false: SubTurn exits gracefully without error
+	//
+	// When parent finishes with hard abort (Finish(true)):
+	//   - All SubTurns are canceled regardless of Critical flag
+	Critical bool
+
+	// Timeout is the maximum duration for this SubTurn.
+	// If the SubTurn runs longer than this, it will be canceled.
+	// Default is 5 minutes (defaultSubTurnTimeout) if not specified.
+	Timeout time.Duration
+
+	// MaxContextRunes limits the context size (in runes) passed to the SubTurn.
+	// This prevents context window overflow by truncating message history before LLM calls.
+	//
+	// Values:
+	//   0  = Auto-calculate based on model's ContextWindow * 0.75 (default, recommended)
+	//   -1 = No limit (disable soft truncation, rely only on hard context errors)
+	//   >0 = Use specified rune limit
+	//
+	// The soft limit acts as a first line of defense before hitting the provider's
+	// hard context window limit. When exceeded, older messages are intelligently
+	// truncated while preserving system messages and recent context.
+	MaxContextRunes int
+
+	// ActualSystemPrompt is injected as the true 'system' role message for the childAgent.
+	// The legacy SystemPrompt field is actually used as the first 'user' message (task description).
+	ActualSystemPrompt string
+
+	// InitialMessages preloads the ephemeral session history before the agent loop starts.
+	// Used by evaluator-optimizer patterns to pass the full worker context across multiple iterations.
+	InitialMessages []providers.Message
+
+	// InitialTokenBudget is a shared atomic counter for tracking remaining tokens.
+	// If set, the SubTurn will inherit this budget and deduct tokens after each LLM call.
+	// If nil, the SubTurn will inherit the parent's tokenBudget (if any).
+	// Used by team tool to enforce token limits across all team members.
+	InitialTokenBudget *atomic.Int64
+
+	// Can be extended with temperature, topP, etc.
+}
+
+// ====================== Context Keys ======================
+type agentLoopKeyType struct{}
+
+var agentLoopKey = agentLoopKeyType{}
+
+// WithAgentLoop injects AgentLoop into context for tool access
+func WithAgentLoop(ctx context.Context, al *AgentLoop) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, agentLoopKey, al)
+}
+
+// AgentLoopFromContext retrieves AgentLoop from context
+func AgentLoopFromContext(ctx context.Context) *AgentLoop {
+	al, _ := ctx.Value(agentLoopKey).(*AgentLoop)
+	return al
+}
+
+// ====================== Helper Functions ======================
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) generateSubTurnID() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("subturn-%d", al.subTurnCounter.Add(1))
+}
+
+// ====================== Core Function: spawnSubTurn ======================
+
+// AgentLoopSpawner implements tools.SubTurnSpawner interface.
+// This allows tools to spawn sub-turns without circular dependency.
+type AgentLoopSpawner struct {
+	al *AgentLoop
+}
+
+// SpawnSubTurn implements tools.SubTurnSpawner interface.
+func (s *AgentLoopSpawner) SpawnSubTurn(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	cfg tools.SubTurnConfig,
+) (*tools.ToolResult, error) {
+	parentTS := turnStateFromContext(ctx)
+	if parentTS == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New(
+			"parent turnState not found in context - cannot spawn sub-turn outside of a turn",
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Convert tools.SubTurnConfig to agent.SubTurnConfig
+	agentCfg := SubTurnConfig{
+		Model:              cfg.Model,
+		Tools:              cfg.Tools,
+		SystemPrompt:       cfg.SystemPrompt,
+		ActualSystemPrompt: cfg.ActualSystemPrompt,
+		InitialMessages:    cfg.InitialMessages,
+		InitialTokenBudget: cfg.InitialTokenBudget,
+		MaxTokens:          cfg.MaxTokens,
+		Async:              cfg.Async,
+		Critical:           cfg.Critical,
+		Timeout:            cfg.Timeout,
+		MaxContextRunes:    cfg.MaxContextRunes,
+	}
+
+	return spawnSubTurn(ctx, s.al, parentTS, agentCfg)
+}
+
+// NewSubTurnSpawner creates a SubTurnSpawner for the given AgentLoop.
+func NewSubTurnSpawner(al *AgentLoop) *AgentLoopSpawner {
+	return &AgentLoopSpawner{al: al}
+}
+
+// SpawnSubTurn is the exported entry point for tools to spawn sub-turns.
+// It retrieves AgentLoop and parent turnState from context and delegates to spawnSubTurn.
+func SpawnSubTurn(ctx context.Context, cfg SubTurnConfig) (*tools.ToolResult, error) {
+	al := AgentLoopFromContext(ctx)
+	if al == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New(
+			"AgentLoop not found in context - ensure context is properly initialized",
+		)
+	}
+
+	parentTS := turnStateFromContext(ctx)
+	if parentTS == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New(
+			"parent turnState not found in context - cannot spawn sub-turn outside of a turn",
+		)
+	}
+
+	return spawnSubTurn(ctx, al, parentTS, cfg)
+}
+
+func spawnSubTurn(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	al *AgentLoop,
+	parentTS *turnState,
+	cfg SubTurnConfig,
+) (result *tools.ToolResult, err error) {
+	// Get effective SubTurn configuration
+	rtCfg := al.getSubTurnConfig()
+
+	// 0. Acquire concurrency semaphore FIRST to ensure it's released even if early validation fails.
+	// Blocks if parent already has maxConcurrentSubTurns running, with a timeout to prevent indefinite blocking.
+	// Also respects context cancellation so we don't block forever if parent is aborted.
+	// NOTE: The semaphore is released immediately after runTurn completes (not in a defer) to
+	// ensure it is freed before the cleanup phase (async result delivery), which may block on
+	// a full pendingResults channel. Holding the semaphore through cleanup would allow the
+	// parent's goroutine to be blocked waiting for a semaphore slot while child turns are
+	// blocked delivering results — a deadlock.
+	var semAcquired bool
+	if parentTS.concurrencySem != nil {
+		// Create a timeout context for semaphore acquisition
+		timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, rtCfg.concurrencyTimeout)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		select {
+		case parentTS.concurrencySem <- struct{}{}:
+			semAcquired = true
+			defer func() {
+				if semAcquired {
+					<-parentTS.concurrencySem
+				}
+			}()
+		case <-timeoutCtx.Done():
+			// Check parent context first - if it was canceled, propagate that error
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return nil, ctx.Err()
+			}
+			// Otherwise it's our timeout
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: all %d slots occupied for %v",
+				ErrConcurrencyTimeout, rtCfg.maxConcurrent, rtCfg.concurrencyTimeout)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 1. Depth limit check
+	if parentTS.depth >= rtCfg.maxDepth {
+		logger.WarnCF("subturn", "Depth limit exceeded", map[string]any{
+			"parent_id": parentTS.turnID,
+			"depth":     parentTS.depth,
+			"max_depth": rtCfg.maxDepth,
+		})
+		return nil, ErrDepthLimitExceeded
+	}
+
+	// 2. Config validation
+	if cfg.Model == "" {
+		return nil, ErrInvalidSubTurnConfig
+	}
+
+	// 3. Determine timeout for child SubTurn
+	timeout := cfg.Timeout
+	if timeout <= 0 {
+		timeout = rtCfg.defaultTimeout
+	}
+
+	// 4. Create INDEPENDENT child context (not derived from parent ctx).
+	// This allows the child to continue running after parent finishes gracefully.
+	// The child has its own timeout for self-protection.
+	childCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	childID := al.generateSubTurnID()
+
+	// Get the agent instance from parent, falling back to the default agent.
+	// Wrap it in a shallow copy that uses an ephemeral (in-memory only) session store
+	// so that child turns never pollute or persist to the parent's session history.
+	baseAgent := parentTS.agent
+	if baseAgent == nil {
+		baseAgent = al.registry.GetDefaultAgent()
+	}
+	if baseAgent == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("parent turnState has no agent instance")
+	}
+	ephemeralStore := newEphemeralSession(nil)
+	agent := *baseAgent // shallow copy
+	agent.Sessions = ephemeralStore
+	// Clone the tool registry so child turn's tool registrations
+	// don't pollute the parent's registry.
+	if baseAgent.Tools != nil {
+		agent.Tools = baseAgent.Tools.Clone()
+	}
+
+	// Create processOptions for the child turn
+	opts := processOptions{
+		SessionKey:              childID,
+		Channel:                 parentTS.channel,
+		ChatID:                  parentTS.chatID,
+		SenderID:                parentTS.opts.SenderID,
+		SenderDisplayName:       parentTS.opts.SenderDisplayName,
+		UserMessage:             cfg.SystemPrompt, // Task description becomes the first user message
+		SystemPromptOverride:    cfg.ActualSystemPrompt,
+		Media:                   nil,
+		InitialSteeringMessages: cfg.InitialMessages,
+		DefaultResponse:         "",
+		EnableSummary:           false,
+		SendResponse:            false,
+		NoHistory:               true, // SubTurns don't use session history
+		SkipInitialSteeringPoll: true,
+	}
+
+	// Create event scope for the child turn
+	scope := al.newTurnEventScope(agent.ID, childID)
+
+	// Create child turnState using the new API
+	childTS := newTurnState(&agent, opts, scope)
+
+	// Set SubTurn-specific fields
+	childTS.cancelFunc = cancel
+	childTS.critical = cfg.Critical
+	childTS.depth = parentTS.depth + 1
+	childTS.parentTurnID = parentTS.turnID
+	childTS.parentTurnState = parentTS
+	childTS.pendingResults = make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16)
+	childTS.concurrencySem = make(chan struct{}, rtCfg.maxConcurrent)
+	childTS.al = al                  // back-ref for hard abort cascade
+	childTS.session = ephemeralStore // same store as agent.Sessions
+
+	// Token budget initialization/inheritance
+	// If InitialTokenBudget is explicitly provided (e.g., by team tool), use it.
+	// Otherwise, inherit from parent's tokenBudget (for nested SubTurns).
+	if cfg.InitialTokenBudget != nil {
+		childTS.tokenBudget = cfg.InitialTokenBudget
+	} else if parentTS.tokenBudget != nil {
+		childTS.tokenBudget = parentTS.tokenBudget
+	} else if rtCfg.defaultTokenBudget > 0 {
+		// Apply default token budget from config if no budget is set
+		budget := &atomic.Int64{}
+		budget.Store(int64(rtCfg.defaultTokenBudget))
+		childTS.tokenBudget = budget
+	}
+
+	// IMPORTANT: Put childTS into childCtx so that code inside runTurn can retrieve it
+	childCtx = withTurnState(childCtx, childTS)
+	childCtx = WithAgentLoop(childCtx, al) // Propagate AgentLoop to child turn
+
+	childTS.ctx = childCtx
+
+	// Register child turn state so GetAllActiveTurns/Subagents can find it
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store(childID, childTS)
+	defer al.activeTurnStates.Delete(childID)
+
+	// 5. Establish parent-child relationship (thread-safe)
+	parentTS.mu.Lock()
+	parentTS.childTurnIDs = append(parentTS.childTurnIDs, childID)
+	parentTS.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// 6. Emit Spawn event
+	al.emitEvent(EventKindSubTurnSpawn,
+		childTS.eventMeta("spawnSubTurn", "subturn.spawn"),
+		SubTurnSpawnPayload{
+			AgentID:      childTS.agentID,
+			Label:        childID,
+			ParentTurnID: parentTS.turnID,
+		},
+	)
+
+	// 7. Defer cleanup: deliver result (for async), emit End event, and recover from panics
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("subturn panicked: %v", r)
+			result = nil
+			logger.ErrorCF("subturn", "SubTurn panicked", map[string]any{
+				"child_id":  childID,
+				"parent_id": parentTS.turnID,
+				"panic":     r,
+			})
+		}
+
+		// Result Delivery Strategy (Async vs Sync)
+		if cfg.Async {
+			deliverSubTurnResult(al, parentTS, childID, result)
+		}
+
+		status := "completed"
+		if err != nil {
+			status = "error"
+		}
+		al.emitEvent(EventKindSubTurnEnd,
+			childTS.eventMeta("spawnSubTurn", "subturn.end"),
+			SubTurnEndPayload{
+				AgentID: childTS.agentID,
+				Status:  status,
+			},
+		)
+	}()
+
+	// 8. Execute sub-turn via the real agent loop.
+	turnRes, turnErr := al.runTurn(childCtx, childTS)
+
+	// Release the concurrency semaphore immediately after runTurn completes,
+	// before the cleanup defer runs. This prevents a deadlock where:
+	// - All semaphore slots are held by sub-turns in their cleanup phase
+	// - Cleanup blocks on a full pendingResults channel
+	// - The parent goroutine is blocked waiting for a semaphore slot
+	// - The parent cannot consume pendingResults because it is blocked on the semaphore
+	if semAcquired {
+		<-parentTS.concurrencySem
+		semAcquired = false // prevent the defer from double-releasing
+	}
+
+	// Convert turnResult to tools.ToolResult
+	if turnErr != nil {
+		err = turnErr
+		result = &tools.ToolResult{
+			Err:    turnErr,
+			ForLLM: fmt.Sprintf("SubTurn failed: %v", turnErr),
+		}
+	} else {
+		result = &tools.ToolResult{
+			ForLLM:  turnRes.finalContent,
+			ForUser: turnRes.finalContent,
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result, err
+}
+
+// ====================== Result Delivery ======================
+
+// deliverSubTurnResult delivers a sub-turn result to the parent turn's pendingResults channel.
+//
+// IMPORTANT: This function is ONLY called for asynchronous sub-turns (Async=true).
+// For synchronous sub-turns (Async=false), results are returned directly via the function
+// return value to avoid double delivery.
+//
+// Delivery behavior:
+//   - If parent turn is still running: attempts to deliver to pendingResults channel
+//   - If channel is full: emits SubTurnOrphanResultEvent (result is lost from channel but tracked)
+//   - If parent turn has finished: emits SubTurnOrphanResultEvent (late arrival)
+//
+// Thread safety:
+//   - Reads parent state under lock, then releases lock before channel send
+//   - Small race window exists but is acceptable (worst case: result becomes orphan)
+//
+// Event emissions:
+//   - SubTurnResultDeliveredEvent: successful delivery to channel
+//   - SubTurnOrphanResultEvent: delivery failed (parent finished or channel full)
+func deliverSubTurnResult(al *AgentLoop, parentTS *turnState, childID string, result *tools.ToolResult) {
+	// Let GC clean up the pendingResults channel; parent Finish will no longer close it.
+	// We use defer/recover to catch any unlikely channel panics if it were ever closed.
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			logger.WarnCF("subturn", "recovered panic sending to pendingResults", map[string]any{
+				"parent_id": parentTS.turnID,
+				"child_id":  childID,
+				"recover":   r,
+			})
+			if result != nil && al != nil {
+				al.emitEvent(EventKindSubTurnOrphan,
+					parentTS.eventMeta("deliverSubTurnResult", "subturn.orphan"),
+					SubTurnOrphanPayload{ParentTurnID: parentTS.turnID, ChildTurnID: childID, Reason: "panic"},
+				)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	parentTS.mu.Lock()
+	isFinished := parentTS.isFinished.Load()
+	resultChan := parentTS.pendingResults
+	parentTS.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// If parent turn has already finished, treat this as an orphan result
+	if isFinished || resultChan == nil {
+		if result != nil && al != nil {
+			al.emitEvent(EventKindSubTurnOrphan,
+				parentTS.eventMeta("deliverSubTurnResult", "subturn.orphan"),
+				SubTurnOrphanPayload{ParentTurnID: parentTS.turnID, ChildTurnID: childID, Reason: "parent_finished"},
+			)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Parent Turn is still running → attempt to deliver result
+	// We use a select statement with parentTS.Finished() to ensure that if the
+	// parent turn finishes while we are waiting to send the result (e.g. channel
+	// is full), we don't leak this goroutine by blocking forever.
+	select {
+	case resultChan <- result:
+		// Successfully delivered
+		if al != nil {
+			al.emitEvent(EventKindSubTurnResultDelivered,
+				parentTS.eventMeta("deliverSubTurnResult", "subturn.result_delivered"),
+				SubTurnResultDeliveredPayload{ContentLen: len(result.ForLLM)},
+			)
+		}
+	case <-parentTS.Finished():
+		// Parent finished while we were waiting to deliver.
+		// The result cannot be delivered to the LLM, so it becomes an orphan.
+		logger.WarnCF("subturn", "parent finished before result could be delivered", map[string]any{
+			"parent_id": parentTS.turnID,
+			"child_id":  childID,
+		})
+		if result != nil && al != nil {
+			al.emitEvent(
+				EventKindSubTurnOrphan,
+				parentTS.eventMeta("deliverSubTurnResult", "subturn.orphan"),
+				SubTurnOrphanPayload{
+					ParentTurnID: parentTS.turnID,
+					ChildTurnID:  childID,
+					Reason:       "parent_finished_waiting",
+				},
+			)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// ====================== Other Types ======================
+
+// ephemeralSessionStore is an in-memory session.SessionStore used by SubTurns.
+// It does not persist to disk and auto-truncates history to maxEphemeralHistorySize.
+type ephemeralSessionStore struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	history []providers.Message
+	summary string
+}
+
+func newEphemeralSession(initial []providers.Message) ephemeralSessionStoreIface {
+	s := &ephemeralSessionStore{}
+	if len(initial) > 0 {
+		s.history = append(s.history, initial...)
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// ephemeralSessionStoreIface is satisfied by *ephemeralSessionStore.
+// Declared so newEphemeralSession can return a typed interface.
+type ephemeralSessionStoreIface interface {
+	AddMessage(sessionKey, role, content string)
+	AddFullMessage(sessionKey string, msg providers.Message)
+	GetHistory(key string) []providers.Message
+	GetSummary(key string) string
+	SetSummary(key, summary string)
+	SetHistory(key string, history []providers.Message)
+	TruncateHistory(key string, keepLast int)
+	Save(key string) error
+	Close() error
+}
+
+func (e *ephemeralSessionStore) AddMessage(_, role, content string) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	e.history = append(e.history, providers.Message{Role: role, Content: content})
+	e.truncateLocked()
+}
+
+func (e *ephemeralSessionStore) AddFullMessage(_ string, msg providers.Message) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	e.history = append(e.history, msg)
+	e.truncateLocked()
+}
+
+func (e *ephemeralSessionStore) GetHistory(_ string) []providers.Message {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	out := make([]providers.Message, len(e.history))
+	copy(out, e.history)
+	return out
+}
+
+func (e *ephemeralSessionStore) GetSummary(_ string) string {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	return e.summary
+}
+
+func (e *ephemeralSessionStore) SetSummary(_, summary string) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	e.summary = summary
+}
+
+func (e *ephemeralSessionStore) SetHistory(_ string, history []providers.Message) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	e.history = make([]providers.Message, len(history))
+	copy(e.history, history)
+	e.truncateLocked()
+}
+
+func (e *ephemeralSessionStore) TruncateHistory(_ string, keepLast int) {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	if keepLast <= 0 {
+		e.history = nil
+		return
+	}
+
+	if keepLast >= len(e.history) {
+		return
+	}
+	e.history = e.history[len(e.history)-keepLast:]
+}
+
+func (e *ephemeralSessionStore) Save(_ string) error { return nil }
+func (e *ephemeralSessionStore) Close() error        { return nil }
+
+func (e *ephemeralSessionStore) truncateLocked() {
+	if len(e.history) > maxEphemeralHistorySize {
+		e.history = e.history[len(e.history)-maxEphemeralHistorySize:]
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/subturn_test.go b/pkg/agent/subturn_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a2ba835d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/subturn_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,2067 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/tools"
+)
+
+// Test constants (use defaults from subturn.go)
+const (
+	testMaxConcurrentSubTurns = defaultMaxConcurrentSubTurns
+)
+
+// ====================== Test Helper: Event Collector ======================
+type eventCollector struct {
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	events []Event
+}
+
+func newEventCollector(t *testing.T, al *AgentLoop) (*eventCollector, func()) {
+	t.Helper()
+	c := &eventCollector{}
+	sub := al.SubscribeEvents(16)
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(done)
+		for evt := range sub.C {
+			c.mu.Lock()
+			c.events = append(c.events, evt)
+			c.mu.Unlock()
+		}
+	}()
+	cleanup := func() {
+		al.UnsubscribeEvents(sub.ID)
+		<-done
+	}
+	return c, cleanup
+}
+
+func (c *eventCollector) hasEventOfKind(kind EventKind) bool {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	for _, e := range c.events {
+		if e.Kind == kind {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// ====================== Main Test Function ======================
+func TestSpawnSubTurn(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		parentDepth   int
+		config        SubTurnConfig
+		wantErr       error
+		wantSpawn     bool
+		wantEnd       bool
+		wantDepthFail bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "Basic success path - Single layer sub-turn",
+			parentDepth: 0,
+			config: SubTurnConfig{
+				Model: "gpt-4o-mini",
+				Tools: []tools.Tool{}, // At least one tool
+			},
+			wantErr:   nil,
+			wantSpawn: true,
+			wantEnd:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Nested 2 layers - Normal",
+			parentDepth: 1,
+			config: SubTurnConfig{
+				Model: "gpt-4o-mini",
+				Tools: []tools.Tool{},
+			},
+			wantErr:   nil,
+			wantSpawn: true,
+			wantEnd:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Depth limit triggered - 4th layer fails",
+			parentDepth: 3,
+			config: SubTurnConfig{
+				Model: "gpt-4o-mini",
+				Tools: []tools.Tool{},
+			},
+			wantErr:       ErrDepthLimitExceeded,
+			wantSpawn:     false,
+			wantEnd:       false,
+			wantDepthFail: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "Invalid config - Empty Model",
+			parentDepth: 0,
+			config: SubTurnConfig{
+				Model: "",
+				Tools: []tools.Tool{},
+			},
+			wantErr:   ErrInvalidSubTurnConfig,
+			wantSpawn: false,
+			wantEnd:   false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Prepare parent Turn
+			parent := &turnState{
+				ctx:            context.Background(),
+				turnID:         "parent-1",
+				depth:          tt.parentDepth,
+				childTurnIDs:   []string{},
+				pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 10),
+				session:        &ephemeralSessionStore{},
+				agent:          al.registry.GetDefaultAgent(),
+			}
+
+			// Subscribe to real EventBus to capture events
+			collector, collectCleanup := newEventCollector(t, al)
+			defer collectCleanup()
+
+			// Execute spawnSubTurn
+			result, err := spawnSubTurn(context.Background(), al, parent, tt.config)
+
+			// Assert errors
+			if tt.wantErr != nil {
+				if err == nil || err != tt.wantErr {
+					t.Errorf("expected error %v, got %v", tt.wantErr, err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			// Verify result
+			if result == nil {
+				t.Error("expected non-nil result")
+			}
+
+			// Verify event emission
+			time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond) // let event goroutine flush
+			if tt.wantSpawn {
+				if !collector.hasEventOfKind(EventKindSubTurnSpawn) {
+					t.Error("SubTurnSpawnEvent not emitted")
+				}
+			}
+			if tt.wantEnd {
+				if !collector.hasEventOfKind(EventKindSubTurnEnd) {
+					t.Error("SubTurnEndEvent not emitted")
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Verify turn tree
+			if len(parent.childTurnIDs) == 0 && !tt.wantDepthFail {
+				t.Error("child Turn not added to parent.childTurnIDs")
+			}
+
+			// For synchronous calls (Async=false, the default), result is returned directly
+			// and should NOT be in pendingResults. The result was already verified above.
+			// Only async calls (Async=true) would place results in pendingResults.
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// ====================== Extra Independent Test: Ephemeral Session Isolation ======================
+func TestSpawnSubTurn_EphemeralSessionIsolation(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	// Parent uses its own ephemeral store pre-seeded with one message
+	parentSession := &ephemeralSessionStore{}
+	parentSession.AddMessage("", "user", "parent msg")
+	parent := &turnState{
+		ctx:            context.Background(),
+		turnID:         "parent-1",
+		depth:          0,
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 4),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+		session:        parentSession,
+	}
+
+	cfg := SubTurnConfig{Model: "gpt-4o-mini", Tools: []tools.Tool{}}
+
+	originalParentLen := len(parentSession.GetHistory(""))
+
+	_, _ = spawnSubTurn(context.Background(), al, parent, cfg)
+
+	// Parent session must be untouched — child used its own store
+	if got := len(parentSession.GetHistory("")); got != originalParentLen {
+		t.Errorf("parent session polluted: expected %d messages, got %d", originalParentLen, got)
+	}
+
+	// The child's agent.Sessions must NOT be the same pointer as the parent's session.
+	// We verify this indirectly: spawnSubTurn stores childTS in activeTurnStates during
+	// execution (deleted on return), so we can't easily grab childTS after the call.
+	// Instead, confirm that the child session is a distinct ephemeralSessionStore by
+	// checking the parent session key is only used by the parent store.
+	// If isolation is correct, parent.session.GetHistory(childID) is always empty
+	// (the child never wrote to the parent store).
+	al.activeTurnStates.Range(func(k, v any) bool {
+		// No active turns should remain after spawnSubTurn returns
+		t.Errorf("unexpected active turn state left after spawnSubTurn: key=%v", k)
+		return true
+	})
+}
+
+// ====================== Extra Independent Test: Result Delivery Path (Async) ======================
+func TestSpawnSubTurn_ResultDelivery(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	parent := &turnState{
+		ctx:            context.Background(),
+		turnID:         "parent-1",
+		depth:          0,
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 1),
+		session:        &ephemeralSessionStore{},
+	}
+
+	// Set Async=true to test async result delivery via pendingResults channel
+	cfg := SubTurnConfig{Model: "gpt-4o-mini", Tools: []tools.Tool{}, Async: true}
+
+	_, _ = spawnSubTurn(context.Background(), al, parent, cfg)
+
+	// Check if pendingResults received the result (only for async calls)
+	select {
+	case res := <-parent.pendingResults:
+		if res == nil {
+			t.Error("received nil result in pendingResults")
+		}
+	default:
+		t.Error("result did not enter pendingResults for async call")
+	}
+}
+
+// ====================== Extra Independent Test: Result Delivery Path (Sync) ======================
+func TestSpawnSubTurn_ResultDeliverySync(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	parent := &turnState{
+		ctx:            context.Background(),
+		turnID:         "parent-sync-1",
+		depth:          0,
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 1),
+		session:        &ephemeralSessionStore{},
+	}
+
+	// Sync call (Async=false, the default) - result should be returned directly
+	cfg := SubTurnConfig{Model: "gpt-4o-mini", Tools: []tools.Tool{}, Async: false}
+
+	result, err := spawnSubTurn(context.Background(), al, parent, cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Result should be returned directly
+	if result == nil {
+		t.Error("expected non-nil result from sync call")
+	}
+
+	// pendingResults should NOT contain the result (no double delivery)
+	select {
+	case <-parent.pendingResults:
+		t.Error("sync call should not place result in pendingResults (double delivery)")
+	default:
+		// Expected - channel should be empty
+	}
+}
+
+// ====================== Extra Independent Test: Orphan Result Routing ======================
+func TestSpawnSubTurn_OrphanResultRouting(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	collector, collectCleanup := newEventCollector(t, al)
+	defer collectCleanup()
+
+	parentCtx, cancelParent := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	parent := &turnState{
+		ctx:            parentCtx,
+		cancelFunc:     cancelParent,
+		turnID:         "parent-1",
+		depth:          0,
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 1),
+		session:        &ephemeralSessionStore{},
+	}
+
+	// Simulate parent finishing before child delivers result
+	parent.Finish(false)
+
+	// Call deliverSubTurnResult directly to simulate a delayed child
+	deliverSubTurnResult(al, parent, "delayed-child", &tools.ToolResult{ForLLM: "late result"})
+
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond) // let event goroutine flush
+	// Verify Orphan event is emitted
+	if !collector.hasEventOfKind(EventKindSubTurnOrphan) {
+		t.Error("SubTurnOrphanResultEvent not emitted for finished parent")
+	}
+
+	// Verify history is NOT polluted
+	if len(parent.session.GetHistory("")) != 0 {
+		t.Error("Parent history was polluted by orphan result")
+	}
+}
+
+// ====================== Extra Independent Test: Result Channel Registration ======================
+func TestSubTurnResultChannelRegistration(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	parent := &turnState{
+		ctx:            context.Background(),
+		turnID:         "parent-reg-1",
+		depth:          0,
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 4),
+		session:        &ephemeralSessionStore{},
+	}
+
+	cfg := SubTurnConfig{Model: "gpt-4o-mini", Tools: []tools.Tool{}}
+
+	// Before spawn: channel should not be registered
+	if results := al.dequeuePendingSubTurnResults(parent.turnID); results != nil {
+		t.Error("expected no channel before spawnSubTurn")
+	}
+
+	_, _ = spawnSubTurn(context.Background(), al, parent, cfg)
+}
+
+// ====================== Extra Independent Test: Dequeue Pending SubTurn Results ======================
+func TestDequeuePendingSubTurnResults(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	sessionKey := "test-session-dequeue"
+
+	// Empty (no turnState registered) returns nil
+	if results := al.dequeuePendingSubTurnResults(sessionKey); len(results) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected empty results, got %d", len(results))
+	}
+
+	// Register a turnState so dequeuePendingSubTurnResults can find it
+	ts := &turnState{
+		ctx:            context.Background(),
+		turnID:         sessionKey,
+		depth:          0,
+		session:        &ephemeralSessionStore{},
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 4),
+	}
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store(sessionKey, ts)
+	defer al.activeTurnStates.Delete(sessionKey)
+
+	// Put 3 results in
+	ts.pendingResults <- &tools.ToolResult{ForLLM: "result-1"}
+	ts.pendingResults <- &tools.ToolResult{ForLLM: "result-2"}
+	ts.pendingResults <- &tools.ToolResult{ForLLM: "result-3"}
+
+	results := al.dequeuePendingSubTurnResults(sessionKey)
+	if len(results) != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 3 results, got %d", len(results))
+	}
+	if results[0].ForLLM != "result-1" || results[2].ForLLM != "result-3" {
+		t.Error("results order or content mismatch")
+	}
+
+	// Channel should be drained now
+	if results := al.dequeuePendingSubTurnResults(sessionKey); len(results) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected empty after drain, got %d", len(results))
+	}
+
+	// After removing from activeTurnStates, returns nil
+	al.activeTurnStates.Delete(sessionKey)
+	if results := al.dequeuePendingSubTurnResults(sessionKey); results != nil {
+		t.Error("expected nil for unregistered session")
+	}
+}
+
+// ====================== Extra Independent Test: Concurrency Semaphore ======================
+func TestSubTurnConcurrencySemaphore(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	parent := &turnState{
+		ctx:            context.Background(),
+		turnID:         "parent-concurrency",
+		depth:          0,
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 10),
+		session:        &ephemeralSessionStore{},
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, 2), // Only allow 2 concurrent children
+	}
+
+	cfg := SubTurnConfig{Model: "gpt-4o-mini", Tools: []tools.Tool{}}
+
+	// Spawn 2 children — should succeed immediately
+	done := make(chan bool, 3)
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		go func() {
+			_, _ = spawnSubTurn(context.Background(), al, parent, cfg)
+			done <- true
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Wait a bit to ensure the first 2 are running
+	// (In real scenario they'd be blocked in runTurn, but mockProvider returns immediately)
+	// So we just verify the semaphore doesn't block when under limit
+	<-done
+	<-done
+
+	// Verify semaphore is now full (2/2 slots used, but they already released)
+	// Since mockProvider returns immediately, semaphore is already released
+	// So we can't easily test blocking without a real long-running operation
+
+	// Instead, verify that semaphore exists and has correct capacity
+	if cap(parent.concurrencySem) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected semaphore capacity 2, got %d", cap(parent.concurrencySem))
+	}
+}
+
+// ====================== Extra Independent Test: Hard Abort Cascading ======================
+func TestHardAbortCascading(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	sessionKey := "test-session-abort"
+
+	// Root turn with its own independent context (not derived from child)
+	rootCtx, rootCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	rootTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            rootCtx,
+		cancelFunc:     rootCancel,
+		turnID:         sessionKey,
+		depth:          0,
+		session:        &ephemeralSessionStore{},
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, 5),
+		al:             al,
+	}
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store(sessionKey, rootTS)
+	defer al.activeTurnStates.Delete(sessionKey)
+
+	// Child turn with an INDEPENDENT context (simulates spawnSubTurn behavior:
+	// context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), ...) — NOT derived from parent).
+	// Cascade must therefore happen via childTurnIDs traversal, not Go context tree.
+	childCtx, childCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	childID := "child-independent"
+	childTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            childCtx,
+		cancelFunc:     childCancel,
+		turnID:         childID,
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 4),
+		al:             al,
+	}
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store(childID, childTS)
+	defer al.activeTurnStates.Delete(childID)
+
+	// Wire child into root's childTurnIDs (as spawnSubTurn would do)
+	rootTS.childTurnIDs = append(rootTS.childTurnIDs, childID)
+
+	// Verify neither context is canceled yet
+	select {
+	case <-rootTS.ctx.Done():
+		t.Fatal("root context should not be canceled yet")
+	default:
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-childTS.ctx.Done():
+		t.Fatal("child context should not be canceled yet (independent context)")
+	default:
+	}
+
+	// Trigger Hard Abort via al.HardAbort (goes through steering.go → Finish(true))
+	err := al.HardAbort(sessionKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("HardAbort failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Root context must be canceled
+	select {
+	case <-rootTS.ctx.Done():
+	default:
+		t.Error("root context should be canceled after HardAbort")
+	}
+
+	// Child context must be canceled via childTurnIDs cascade, NOT via Go context tree
+	select {
+	case <-childTS.ctx.Done():
+	default:
+		t.Error("child context should be canceled via childTurnIDs cascade")
+	}
+
+	// HardAbort on non-existent session should return an error
+	if err := al.HardAbort("non-existent-session"); err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected error for non-existent session")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHardAbortSessionRollback verifies that HardAbort rolls back session history
+// to the state before the turn started, discarding all messages added during the turn.
+func TestHardAbortSessionRollback(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	// Create a session with initial history
+	sess := &ephemeralSessionStore{
+		history: []providers.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "initial message 1"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "initial response 1"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Create a root turnState with initialHistoryLength = 2
+	rootTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:                  context.Background(),
+		turnID:               "test-session",
+		depth:                0,
+		session:              sess,
+		initialHistoryLength: 2, // Snapshot: 2 messages
+		pendingResults:       make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem:       make(chan struct{}, 5),
+	}
+
+	// Register the turn state
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store("test-session", rootTS)
+
+	// Simulate adding messages during the turn (e.g., user input + assistant response)
+	sess.AddMessage("", "user", "new user message")
+	sess.AddMessage("", "assistant", "new assistant response")
+
+	// Verify history grew to 4 messages
+	if len(sess.GetHistory("")) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 4 messages before abort, got %d", len(sess.GetHistory("")))
+	}
+
+	// Trigger HardAbort
+	err := al.HardAbort("test-session")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("HardAbort failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify history rolled back to initial 2 messages
+	finalHistory := sess.GetHistory("")
+	if len(finalHistory) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected history to rollback to 2 messages, got %d", len(finalHistory))
+	}
+
+	// Verify the content matches the initial state
+	if finalHistory[0].Content != "initial message 1" || finalHistory[1].Content != "initial response 1" {
+		t.Error("history content does not match initial state after rollback")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNestedSubTurnHierarchy verifies that nested SubTurns maintain correct
+// parent-child relationships and depth tracking when recursively calling runAgentLoop.
+func TestNestedSubTurnHierarchy(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	// Track spawned turns and their depths
+	type turnInfo struct {
+		parentID string
+		childID  string
+	}
+	var spawnedTurns []turnInfo
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+
+	// Subscribe to real EventBus to capture spawn events
+	sub := al.SubscribeEvents(16)
+	defer al.UnsubscribeEvents(sub.ID)
+	go func() {
+		for evt := range sub.C {
+			if evt.Kind == EventKindSubTurnSpawn {
+				p, _ := evt.Payload.(SubTurnSpawnPayload)
+				mu.Lock()
+				spawnedTurns = append(spawnedTurns, turnInfo{
+					parentID: p.ParentTurnID,
+					childID:  p.Label,
+				})
+				mu.Unlock()
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Create a root turn
+	rootSession := &ephemeralSessionStore{}
+	rootTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            context.Background(),
+		turnID:         "root-turn",
+		depth:          0,
+		session:        rootSession,
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, 5),
+	}
+
+	// Spawn a child (depth 1)
+	childCfg := SubTurnConfig{Model: "gpt-4o-mini"}
+	_, err := spawnSubTurn(context.Background(), al, rootTS, childCfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to spawn child: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond) // let event goroutine flush
+
+	// Verify we captured the spawn event
+	mu.Lock()
+	if len(spawnedTurns) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 spawn event, got %d", len(spawnedTurns))
+	}
+	if spawnedTurns[0].parentID != "root-turn" {
+		t.Errorf("expected parent ID 'root-turn', got %s", spawnedTurns[0].parentID)
+	}
+	mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Verify root turn has the child in its childTurnIDs
+	rootTS.mu.Lock()
+	if len(rootTS.childTurnIDs) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected root to have 1 child, got %d", len(rootTS.childTurnIDs))
+	}
+	rootTS.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// TestDeliverSubTurnResultNoDeadlock verifies that deliverSubTurnResult doesn't
+// deadlock when multiple goroutines are accessing the parent turnState concurrently.
+func TestDeliverSubTurnResultNoDeadlock(t *testing.T) {
+	parent := &turnState{
+		ctx:            context.Background(),
+		turnID:         "parent-deadlock-test",
+		depth:          0,
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 2), // Small buffer to test blocking
+	}
+
+	// Simulate multiple child turns delivering results concurrently
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	numChildren := 10
+
+	for i := 0; i < numChildren; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(id int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			result := &tools.ToolResult{ForLLM: fmt.Sprintf("result-%d", id)}
+			deliverSubTurnResult(nil, parent, fmt.Sprintf("child-%d", id), result)
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	// Concurrently read from the channel to prevent blocking
+	// and to actually retrieve the matched number of results
+	go func() {
+		for i := 0; i < numChildren; i++ {
+			select {
+			case <-parent.pendingResults:
+			case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+				t.Error("timeout waiting for result")
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Wait for all deliveries to complete (with timeout)
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		wg.Wait()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		// Success - no deadlock
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("deadlock detected: deliverSubTurnResult blocked")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHardAbortOrderOfOperations verifies that HardAbort calls Finish() before
+// rolling back session history, minimizing the race window where new messages
+// could be added after rollback.
+func TestHardAbortOrderOfOperations(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	sess := &ephemeralSessionStore{
+		history: []providers.Message{
+			{Role: "user", Content: "initial message"},
+			{Role: "assistant", Content: "response 1"},
+			{Role: "user", Content: "follow-up"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	rootTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:                  ctx,
+		cancelFunc:           cancel,
+		turnID:               "test-session-order",
+		depth:                0,
+		session:              sess,
+		initialHistoryLength: 1, // Snapshot: 1 message
+		pendingResults:       make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem:       make(chan struct{}, 5),
+	}
+
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store("test-session-order", rootTS)
+
+	// Trigger HardAbort
+	err := al.HardAbort("test-session-order")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("HardAbort failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify context was canceled (Finish() was called)
+	select {
+	case <-rootTS.ctx.Done():
+		// Good - context was canceled
+	default:
+		t.Error("expected context to be canceled after HardAbort")
+	}
+
+	// Verify history was rolled back
+	finalHistory := sess.GetHistory("")
+	if len(finalHistory) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected history to rollback to 1 message, got %d", len(finalHistory))
+	}
+
+	if finalHistory[0].Content != "initial message" {
+		t.Error("history content does not match initial state after rollback")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFinishedChannelClosedState verifies that Finish() closes the Finished() channel
+// so that child turns can safely abort waiting.
+func TestFinishedChannelClosedState(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	ts := &turnState{
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		cancelFunc:     cancel,
+		turnID:         "test-finished-channel",
+		depth:          0,
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 2),
+	}
+
+	// Verify Finished channel is blocking initially
+	select {
+	case <-ts.Finished():
+		t.Fatal("finished channel should block initially")
+	default:
+		// Good
+	}
+
+	// Call Finish() with graceful finish
+	ts.Finish(false)
+
+	// Verify Finished channel is closed
+	select {
+	case _, ok := <-ts.Finished():
+		if ok {
+			t.Error("expected Finished() channel to be closed after Finish()")
+		}
+	default:
+		t.Fatal("expected <-ts.Finished() to not block")
+	}
+
+	// Verify Finish() is idempotent
+	ts.Finish(false) // Should not panic
+
+	// Verify deliverSubTurnResult correctly uses Finished() channel and treats as orphan
+	result := &tools.ToolResult{ForLLM: "late result"}
+	deliverSubTurnResult(nil, ts, "child-1", result) // Will emit orphan due to <-ts.Finished() case
+}
+
+// TestFinalPollCapturesLateResults verifies that the final poll before Finish()
+// captures results that arrive after the last iteration poll.
+func TestFinalPollCapturesLateResults(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	sessionKey := "test-session-final-poll"
+
+	// Register a turnState
+	ts := &turnState{
+		ctx:            context.Background(),
+		turnID:         sessionKey,
+		depth:          0,
+		session:        &ephemeralSessionStore{},
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 4),
+	}
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store(sessionKey, ts)
+	defer al.activeTurnStates.Delete(sessionKey)
+
+	// Simulate results arriving after last iteration poll
+	ts.pendingResults <- &tools.ToolResult{ForLLM: "result 1"}
+	ts.pendingResults <- &tools.ToolResult{ForLLM: "result 2"}
+
+	// Dequeue should capture both results
+	results := al.dequeuePendingSubTurnResults(sessionKey)
+
+	if len(results) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 results, got %d", len(results))
+	}
+
+	// Verify channel is now empty
+	results = al.dequeuePendingSubTurnResults(sessionKey)
+	if len(results) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 0 results on second poll, got %d", len(results))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSpawnSubTurn_PanicRecovery verifies that even if runTurn panics,
+// the result is still delivered for async calls and SubTurnEndEvent is emitted.
+func TestSpawnSubTurn_PanicRecovery(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a panic provider
+	panicProvider := &panicMockProvider{}
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Workspace:         t.TempDir(),
+				ModelName:         "test-model",
+				MaxTokens:         4096,
+				MaxToolIterations: 10,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, bus.NewMessageBus(), panicProvider)
+
+	parent := &turnState{
+		ctx:            context.Background(),
+		turnID:         "parent-panic",
+		depth:          0,
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 1),
+		session:        &ephemeralSessionStore{},
+	}
+
+	collector, collectCleanup := newEventCollector(t, al)
+	defer collectCleanup()
+
+	// Test async call - result should still be delivered via channel
+	asyncCfg := SubTurnConfig{Model: "gpt-4o-mini", Tools: []tools.Tool{}, Async: true}
+	result, err := spawnSubTurn(context.Background(), al, parent, asyncCfg)
+
+	// Should return error from panic recovery
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected error from panic recovery")
+	}
+
+	// Result should be nil because panic occurred before runTurn could return
+	if result != nil {
+		t.Error("expected nil result after panic")
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond) // let event goroutine flush
+	// SubTurnEndEvent should still be emitted
+	if !collector.hasEventOfKind(EventKindSubTurnEnd) {
+		t.Error("SubTurnEndEvent not emitted after panic")
+	}
+
+	// For async call, result should still be delivered to channel (even if nil)
+	select {
+	case res := <-parent.pendingResults:
+		// Result was delivered (nil due to panic)
+		_ = res
+	default:
+		t.Error("async result should be delivered to channel even after panic")
+	}
+}
+
+// panicMockProvider is a mock provider that always panics
+type panicMockProvider struct{}
+
+func (m *panicMockProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	opts map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	panic("intentional panic for testing")
+}
+
+func (m *panicMockProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "panic-model"
+}
+
+// ====================== Public API Tests ======================
+
+// simpleMockProviderAPI for testing public APIs
+type simpleMockProviderAPI struct {
+	response string
+}
+
+func (m *simpleMockProviderAPI) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	toolDefs []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	options map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	return &providers.LLMResponse{
+		Content: m.response,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *simpleMockProviderAPI) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "gpt-4o-mini"
+}
+
+// TestGetActiveTurn verifies that GetActiveTurn returns correct turn information
+func TestGetActiveTurn(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				ModelName: "gpt-4o-mini",
+				Provider:  "mock",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, nil, &simpleMockProviderAPI{response: "ok"})
+
+	// Create a root turn state
+	rootCtx := context.Background()
+	rootTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            rootCtx,
+		turnID:         "root-turn",
+		parentTurnID:   "",
+		depth:          0,
+		childTurnIDs:   []string{},
+		session:        newEphemeralSession(nil),
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+
+	sessionKey := "test-session"
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store(sessionKey, rootTS)
+	defer al.activeTurnStates.Delete(sessionKey)
+
+	// Test: GetActiveTurn should return turn info
+	info := al.GetActiveTurnBySession(sessionKey)
+	if info == nil {
+		t.Fatal("GetActiveTurn returned nil for active session")
+	}
+
+	if info.TurnID != "root-turn" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected TurnID 'root-turn', got %q", info.TurnID)
+	}
+
+	if info.Depth != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected Depth 0, got %d", info.Depth)
+	}
+
+	if info.ParentTurnID != "" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected empty ParentTurnID, got %q", info.ParentTurnID)
+	}
+
+	if len(info.ChildTurnIDs) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 0 child turns, got %d", len(info.ChildTurnIDs))
+	}
+
+	// Test: GetActiveTurn should return nil for non-existent session
+	nonExistentInfo := al.GetActiveTurnBySession("non-existent-session")
+	if nonExistentInfo != nil {
+		t.Error("GetActiveTurn should return nil for non-existent session")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGetActiveTurn_WithChildren verifies that child turn IDs are correctly reported
+func TestGetActiveTurn_WithChildren(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				ModelName: "gpt-4o-mini",
+				Provider:  "mock",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, nil, &simpleMockProviderAPI{response: "ok"})
+
+	rootCtx := context.Background()
+	rootTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            rootCtx,
+		turnID:         "root-turn",
+		parentTurnID:   "",
+		depth:          0,
+		childTurnIDs:   []string{"child-1", "child-2"},
+		session:        newEphemeralSession(nil),
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+
+	sessionKey := "test-session-with-children"
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store(sessionKey, rootTS)
+	defer al.activeTurnStates.Delete(sessionKey)
+
+	info := al.GetActiveTurnBySession(sessionKey)
+	if info == nil {
+		t.Fatal("GetActiveTurn returned nil")
+	}
+
+	if len(info.ChildTurnIDs) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 2 child turns, got %d", len(info.ChildTurnIDs))
+	}
+
+	if info.ChildTurnIDs[0] != "child-1" || info.ChildTurnIDs[1] != "child-2" {
+		t.Errorf("Child turn IDs mismatch: got %v", info.ChildTurnIDs)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestTurnStateInfo_ThreadSafety verifies that Info() is thread-safe
+func TestTurnStateInfo_ThreadSafety(t *testing.T) {
+	rootCtx := context.Background()
+	ts := &turnState{
+		ctx:            rootCtx,
+		turnID:         "test-turn",
+		parentTurnID:   "parent",
+		depth:          1,
+		childTurnIDs:   []string{},
+		session:        newEphemeralSession(nil),
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+
+	// Concurrently read Info() and modify childTurnIDs
+	done := make(chan bool)
+	go func() {
+		for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+			ts.mu.Lock()
+			ts.childTurnIDs = append(ts.childTurnIDs, "child")
+			ts.mu.Unlock()
+		}
+		done <- true
+	}()
+
+	go func() {
+		for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+			info := ts.snapshot()
+			if info.TurnID == "" {
+				t.Error("snapshot() returned empty TurnID")
+			}
+		}
+		done <- true
+	}()
+
+	<-done
+	<-done
+}
+
+// TestInjectFollowUp verifies that InjectFollowUp enqueues messages
+func TestInjectFollowUp(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				ModelName: "gpt-4o-mini",
+				Provider:  "mock",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, nil, &simpleMockProviderAPI{response: "ok"})
+
+	msg := providers.Message{
+		Role:    "user",
+		Content: "Follow-up task",
+	}
+
+	err := al.InjectFollowUp(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("InjectFollowUp failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify message was enqueued
+	if al.steering.len() != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 1 message in queue, got %d", al.steering.len())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAPIAliases verifies that API aliases work correctly
+func TestAPIAliases(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				ModelName: "gpt-4o-mini",
+				Provider:  "mock",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, nil, &simpleMockProviderAPI{response: "ok"})
+
+	msg := providers.Message{
+		Role:    "user",
+		Content: "Test message",
+	}
+
+	// Test InterruptGraceful: requires active turn, so error is expected here
+	_ = al.InterruptGraceful(msg.Content)
+
+	// Test InjectSteering (enqueues a steering message)
+	err := al.InjectSteering(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("InjectSteering failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Also enqueue via Steer to verify second message
+	err = al.Steer(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Steer failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify both messages were enqueued
+	if al.steering.len() != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 2 messages in queue, got %d", al.steering.len())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInterruptHard_Alias verifies that InterruptHard is an alias for HardAbort
+func TestInterruptHard_Alias(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				ModelName: "gpt-4o-mini",
+				Provider:  "mock",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, nil, &simpleMockProviderAPI{response: "ok"})
+
+	rootCtx := context.Background()
+	rootTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:                  rootCtx,
+		turnID:               "test-turn",
+		depth:                0,
+		session:              newEphemeralSession(nil),
+		initialHistoryLength: 0,
+		pendingResults:       make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem:       make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+
+	sessionKey := "test-session-interrupt"
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store(sessionKey, rootTS)
+
+	// Test InterruptHard (alias for HardAbort)
+	err := al.InterruptHard()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("InterruptHard failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify turn was finished (removed from activeTurnStates)
+	info := al.GetActiveTurnBySession(sessionKey)
+	_ = info // turn may still be in map briefly; hard abort sets isFinished on the state
+}
+
+// TestFinish_ConcurrentCalls verifies that calling Finish() concurrently from multiple
+// goroutines is safe and doesn't cause panics or double-close errors.
+func TestFinish_ConcurrentCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	parentTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		turnID:         "parent-concurrent-finish",
+		depth:          0,
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+	parentTS.ctx, parentTS.cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+
+	// Launch multiple goroutines that all call Finish() concurrently
+	const numGoroutines = 10
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(numGoroutines)
+
+	for i := 0; i < numGoroutines; i++ {
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			// This should not panic, even when called concurrently
+			parentTS.Finish(false)
+		}()
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	// Verify the Finished() channel is closed
+	select {
+	case _, ok := <-parentTS.Finished():
+		if ok {
+			t.Error("Expected Finished() channel to be closed")
+		}
+	default:
+		t.Error("Expected Finished() channel to be closed and readable without blocking")
+	}
+
+	// Verify isFinished is set
+	parentTS.mu.Lock()
+	if !parentTS.isFinished.Load() {
+		t.Error("Expected isFinished to be true")
+	}
+	parentTS.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// TestDeliverSubTurnResult_RaceWithFinish verifies that deliverSubTurnResult handles
+// the race condition where Finish() is called while results are being delivered.
+func TestDeliverSubTurnResult_RaceWithFinish(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, _, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t) //nolint:dogsled
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	// Collect events via real EventBus
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var deliveredCount, orphanCount int
+	sub := al.SubscribeEvents(64)
+	defer al.UnsubscribeEvents(sub.ID)
+	go func() {
+		for evt := range sub.C {
+			mu.Lock()
+			switch evt.Kind {
+			case EventKindSubTurnResultDelivered:
+				deliveredCount++
+			case EventKindSubTurnOrphan:
+				orphanCount++
+			}
+			mu.Unlock()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	parentTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		turnID:         "parent-race-test",
+		depth:          0,
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+	parentTS.ctx, parentTS.cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+
+	// Launch goroutines that deliver results while another goroutine calls Finish()
+	const numResults = 20
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(numResults + 1)
+
+	// Goroutine that calls Finish() after a short delay
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
+		parentTS.Finish(false)
+	}()
+
+	// Goroutines that deliver results
+	for i := 0; i < numResults; i++ {
+		go func(id int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			result := &tools.ToolResult{
+				ForLLM: fmt.Sprintf("result-%d", id),
+			}
+			// This should not panic, even if Finish() is called concurrently
+			deliverSubTurnResult(al, parentTS, fmt.Sprintf("child-%d", id), result)
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+	time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond) // let event goroutine flush
+
+	// Get final counts
+	mu.Lock()
+	finalDelivered := deliveredCount
+	finalOrphan := orphanCount
+	mu.Unlock()
+
+	t.Logf("Delivered: %d, Orphan: %d, Total: %d", finalDelivered, finalOrphan, finalDelivered+finalOrphan)
+
+	// With the new drainPendingResults behavior, the total events may be >= numResults
+	// because Finish() drains remaining results from the channel and emits them as orphans.
+	// So we expect:
+	// - Some results were delivered successfully (before Finish())
+	// - Some results became orphans (after Finish() or channel full)
+	// - Some results were in the channel when Finish() was called and got drained as orphans
+	// The total should be at least numResults (could be more due to drain)
+	if finalDelivered+finalOrphan < numResults {
+		t.Errorf("Expected at least %d total events, got %d delivered + %d orphan = %d",
+			numResults, finalDelivered, finalOrphan, finalDelivered+finalOrphan)
+	}
+
+	// Should have at least some orphan results (those that arrived after Finish() or were drained)
+	if finalOrphan == 0 {
+		t.Error("Expected at least some orphan results after Finish()")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestConcurrencySemaphore_Timeout verifies that spawning sub-turns times out
+// when all concurrency slots are occupied for too long.
+// Note: This test uses a shorter timeout by temporarily modifying the constant.
+func TestConcurrencySemaphore_Timeout(t *testing.T) {
+	// This test would take 30 seconds with the default timeout.
+	// Instead, we'll test the mechanism by verifying the timeout context is created correctly.
+	// A full integration test with actual timeout would be too slow for unit tests.
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Provider: "mock",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &simpleMockProviderAPI{}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	parentTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		turnID:         "parent-timeout-test",
+		depth:          0,
+		session:        newEphemeralSession(nil),
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+	parentTS.ctx, parentTS.cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer parentTS.Finish(false)
+
+	// Fill all concurrency slots
+	for i := 0; i < testMaxConcurrentSubTurns; i++ {
+		parentTS.concurrencySem <- struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	// Create a context with a very short timeout for testing
+	testCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Now try to spawn a sub-turn with the short timeout context
+	subTurnCfg := SubTurnConfig{
+		Model: "gpt-4o-mini",
+		Async: false,
+	}
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	_, err := spawnSubTurn(testCtx, al, parentTS, subTurnCfg)
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	// Should get a timeout error (either from our timeout context or the internal one)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("Expected timeout error, got nil")
+	}
+
+	// The error should be related to context cancellation or timeout
+	if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) && !errors.Is(err, ErrConcurrencyTimeout) {
+		t.Logf("Got error: %v (type: %T)", err, err)
+		// This is acceptable - the error might be wrapped
+	}
+
+	// Should timeout quickly (within a reasonable margin)
+	if elapsed > 2*time.Second {
+		t.Errorf("Timeout took too long: %v", elapsed)
+	}
+
+	t.Logf("Timeout occurred after %v with error: %v", elapsed, err)
+
+	// Clean up - drain the semaphore
+	for i := 0; i < testMaxConcurrentSubTurns; i++ {
+		<-parentTS.concurrencySem
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEphemeralSession_AutoTruncate verifies that ephemeral sessions automatically
+// truncate their history to prevent memory accumulation.
+func TestEphemeralSession_AutoTruncate(t *testing.T) {
+	store := newEphemeralSession(nil).(*ephemeralSessionStore)
+
+	// Add more messages than the limit
+	for i := 0; i < maxEphemeralHistorySize+20; i++ {
+		store.AddMessage("test", "user", fmt.Sprintf("message-%d", i))
+	}
+
+	// Verify history is truncated to the limit
+	history := store.GetHistory("test")
+	if len(history) != maxEphemeralHistorySize {
+		t.Errorf("Expected history length %d, got %d", maxEphemeralHistorySize, len(history))
+	}
+
+	// Verify we kept the most recent messages
+	lastMsg := history[len(history)-1]
+	expectedContent := fmt.Sprintf("message-%d", maxEphemeralHistorySize+20-1)
+	if lastMsg.Content != expectedContent {
+		t.Errorf("Expected last message to be %q, got %q", expectedContent, lastMsg.Content)
+	}
+
+	// Verify the oldest messages were discarded
+	firstMsg := history[0]
+	expectedFirstContent := fmt.Sprintf("message-%d", 20) // First 20 were discarded
+	if firstMsg.Content != expectedFirstContent {
+		t.Errorf("Expected first message to be %q, got %q", expectedFirstContent, firstMsg.Content)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestContextWrapping_SingleLayer verifies that we only create one context layer
+// in spawnSubTurn, not multiple redundant layers.
+func TestContextWrapping_SingleLayer(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Provider: "mock",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &simpleMockProviderAPI{}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	parentTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		turnID:         "parent-context-test",
+		depth:          0,
+		session:        newEphemeralSession(nil),
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+	parentTS.ctx, parentTS.cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer parentTS.Finish(false)
+
+	// Spawn a sub-turn
+	subTurnCfg := SubTurnConfig{
+		Model: "gpt-4o-mini",
+		Async: false,
+	}
+
+	result, err := spawnSubTurn(ctx, al, parentTS, subTurnCfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("spawnSubTurn failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result == nil {
+		t.Error("Expected non-nil result")
+	}
+
+	// Verify the child turn was created with a cancel function
+	// (This is implicit - if the test passes without hanging, the context management is correct)
+	t.Log("Context wrapping test passed - no redundant layers detected")
+}
+
+// TestSyncSubTurn_NoChannelDelivery verifies that synchronous sub-turns
+// do NOT deliver results to the pendingResults channel (only return directly).
+func TestSyncSubTurn_NoChannelDelivery(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Provider: "mock",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &simpleMockProviderAPI{}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	parentTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		turnID:         "parent-sync-test",
+		depth:          0,
+		session:        newEphemeralSession(nil),
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+	parentTS.ctx, parentTS.cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer parentTS.Finish(false)
+
+	// Spawn a SYNCHRONOUS sub-turn (Async=false)
+	subTurnCfg := SubTurnConfig{
+		Model: "gpt-4o-mini",
+		Async: false, // Synchronous - should NOT deliver to channel
+	}
+
+	result, err := spawnSubTurn(ctx, al, parentTS, subTurnCfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("spawnSubTurn failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result == nil {
+		t.Error("Expected non-nil result from synchronous sub-turn")
+	}
+
+	// Verify the pendingResults channel is EMPTY
+	// (synchronous sub-turns should not deliver to channel)
+	select {
+	case r := <-parentTS.pendingResults:
+		t.Errorf("Expected empty channel for sync sub-turn, but got result: %v", r)
+	default:
+		// Expected: channel is empty
+		t.Log("Verified: synchronous sub-turn did not deliver to channel")
+	}
+
+	// Verify channel length is 0
+	if len(parentTS.pendingResults) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected channel length 0, got %d", len(parentTS.pendingResults))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAsyncSubTurn_ChannelDelivery verifies that asynchronous sub-turns
+// DO deliver results to the pendingResults channel.
+func TestAsyncSubTurn_ChannelDelivery(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Provider: "mock",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &simpleMockProviderAPI{}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	parentTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		turnID:         "parent-async-test",
+		depth:          0,
+		session:        newEphemeralSession(nil),
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+	parentTS.ctx, parentTS.cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer parentTS.Finish(false)
+
+	// Spawn an ASYNCHRONOUS sub-turn (Async=true)
+	subTurnCfg := SubTurnConfig{
+		Model: "gpt-4o-mini",
+		Async: true, // Asynchronous - SHOULD deliver to channel
+	}
+
+	result, err := spawnSubTurn(ctx, al, parentTS, subTurnCfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("spawnSubTurn failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if result == nil {
+		t.Error("Expected non-nil result from asynchronous sub-turn")
+	}
+
+	// Verify the pendingResults channel has the result
+	select {
+	case r := <-parentTS.pendingResults:
+		if r == nil {
+			t.Error("Expected non-nil result from channel")
+		}
+		t.Log("Verified: asynchronous sub-turn delivered to channel")
+	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+		t.Error("Expected result in channel for async sub-turn, but channel was empty")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGrandchildAbort_CascadingCancellation verifies that when a grandparent turn
+// is hard aborted, the cancellation cascades down to grandchild turns.
+func TestGrandchildAbort_CascadingCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	al, _, _, provider, cleanup := newTestAgentLoop(t)
+	_ = provider
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	// Three independent contexts — none derived from another.
+	// Cascade must happen exclusively through childTurnIDs traversal in Finish(true).
+	gpCtx, gpCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	parentCtx, parentCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	childCtx, childCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	childTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:        childCtx,
+		cancelFunc: childCancel,
+		turnID:     "grandchild",
+		al:         al,
+	}
+	parentTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:          parentCtx,
+		cancelFunc:   parentCancel,
+		turnID:       "parent",
+		childTurnIDs: []string{"grandchild"},
+		al:           al,
+	}
+	grandparentTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            gpCtx,
+		cancelFunc:     gpCancel,
+		turnID:         "grandparent",
+		depth:          0,
+		session:        newEphemeralSession(nil),
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+		childTurnIDs:   []string{"parent"},
+		al:             al,
+	}
+
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store("grandparent", grandparentTS)
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store("parent", parentTS)
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store("grandchild", childTS)
+	defer al.activeTurnStates.Delete("grandparent")
+	defer al.activeTurnStates.Delete("parent")
+	defer al.activeTurnStates.Delete("grandchild")
+
+	// All contexts must be active before the abort
+	for _, ctx := range []context.Context{gpCtx, parentCtx, childCtx} {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			t.Fatal("context should not be canceled yet")
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Hard abort the grandparent — should cascade to parent and grandchild
+	grandparentTS.Finish(true)
+
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	select {
+	case <-gpCtx.Done():
+		t.Log("Grandparent context canceled (expected)")
+	default:
+		t.Error("Grandparent context should be canceled")
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-parentCtx.Done():
+		t.Log("Parent context canceled via cascade (expected)")
+	default:
+		t.Error("Parent context should be canceled via childTurnIDs cascade")
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-childCtx.Done():
+		t.Log("Grandchild context canceled via cascade (expected)")
+	default:
+		t.Error("Grandchild context should be canceled via childTurnIDs cascade")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSpawnDuringAbort_RaceCondition verifies behavior when trying to spawn
+// a sub-turn while the parent is being aborted.
+func TestSpawnDuringAbort_RaceCondition(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Provider: "mock",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &simpleMockProviderAPI{}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	parentTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		turnID:         "parent-abort-race",
+		depth:          0,
+		session:        newEphemeralSession(nil),
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+	parentTS.ctx, parentTS.cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+
+	var spawnErr error
+
+	// Goroutine 1: Try to spawn a sub-turn
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		subTurnCfg := SubTurnConfig{
+			Model: "gpt-4o-mini",
+			Async: false,
+		}
+		_, err := spawnSubTurn(parentTS.ctx, al, parentTS, subTurnCfg)
+		spawnErr = err
+	}()
+
+	// Goroutine 2: Abort the parent almost immediately
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
+		parentTS.Finish(false)
+	}()
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	// The spawn should either succeed (if it started before abort)
+	// or fail with context canceled error (if abort happened first)
+	if spawnErr != nil {
+		if errors.Is(spawnErr, context.Canceled) {
+			t.Logf("Spawn failed with expected context cancellation: %v", spawnErr)
+		} else {
+			t.Logf("Spawn failed with error: %v", spawnErr)
+		}
+	} else {
+		t.Log("Spawn succeeded before abort")
+	}
+
+	// The important thing is that it doesn't panic or deadlock
+	t.Log("Race condition handled gracefully - no panic or deadlock")
+}
+
+// ====================== Slow SubTurn Cancellation Test ======================
+
+// slowMockProvider simulates a slow LLM call that takes a long time to complete.
+// This is used to test the scenario where a parent turn finishes before the child SubTurn.
+type slowMockProvider struct {
+	delay time.Duration
+}
+
+func (m *slowMockProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	toolDefs []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	options map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	select {
+	case <-time.After(m.delay):
+		// Completed normally after delay
+		return &providers.LLMResponse{
+			Content: "slow response completed",
+		}, nil
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		// Context was canceled while waiting
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *slowMockProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return "slow-model"
+}
+
+// TestAsyncSubTurn_ParentFinishesEarly simulates the scenario where:
+// 1. Parent spawns an async SubTurn that takes a long time
+// 2. Parent finishes quickly
+// 3. SubTurn should be canceled with context canceled error
+func TestAsyncSubTurn_ParentFinishesEarly(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Provider: "mock",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &slowMockProvider{delay: 5 * time.Second} // SubTurn takes 5 seconds
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	// Capture events via real EventBus
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var events []Event
+	sub := al.SubscribeEvents(32)
+	defer al.UnsubscribeEvents(sub.ID)
+	go func() {
+		for evt := range sub.C {
+			mu.Lock()
+			events = append(events, evt)
+			mu.Unlock()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	parentTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		turnID:         "parent-fast",
+		depth:          0,
+		session:        newEphemeralSession(nil),
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+	parentTS.ctx, parentTS.cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+
+	var subTurnErr error
+	var subTurnResult *tools.ToolResult
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	// Spawn async SubTurn in a goroutine (it will be slow)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		subTurnCfg := SubTurnConfig{
+			Model: "slow-model",
+			Async: true, // Asynchronous SubTurn
+		}
+		subTurnResult, subTurnErr = spawnSubTurn(parentTS.ctx, al, parentTS, subTurnCfg)
+	}()
+
+	// Parent finishes quickly (after 100ms), while SubTurn is still running
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	t.Log("Parent finishing early...")
+	parentTS.Finish(false)
+
+	// Wait for SubTurn to complete (or be canceled)
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	// Check the result
+	t.Logf("SubTurn error: %v", subTurnErr)
+	t.Logf("SubTurn result: %v", subTurnResult)
+
+	if subTurnErr != nil {
+		if errors.Is(subTurnErr, context.Canceled) {
+			t.Log("✓ SubTurn was canceled as expected (context canceled)")
+		} else {
+			t.Logf("SubTurn failed with other error: %v", subTurnErr)
+		}
+	} else {
+		t.Log("SubTurn completed before parent finished (unlikely but possible)")
+	}
+
+	// Log captured events
+	mu.Lock()
+	t.Logf("Captured %d events:", len(events))
+	for i, e := range events {
+		t.Logf("  Event %d: %s", i+1, e.Kind)
+	}
+	mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// TestAsyncSubTurn_ParentWaitsForChild simulates the scenario where:
+// 1. Parent spawns an async SubTurn that takes some time
+// 2. Parent WAITS for SubTurn to complete before finishing
+// 3. Both should complete successfully
+func TestAsyncSubTurn_ParentWaitsForChild(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Provider: "mock",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &slowMockProvider{delay: 200 * time.Millisecond} // SubTurn takes 200ms
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	parentTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		turnID:         "parent-wait",
+		depth:          0,
+		session:        newEphemeralSession(nil),
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+	parentTS.ctx, parentTS.cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+
+	var subTurnErr error
+	var subTurnResult *tools.ToolResult
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	// Spawn async SubTurn in a goroutine
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		subTurnCfg := SubTurnConfig{
+			Model: "slow-model",
+			Async: true,
+		}
+		subTurnResult, subTurnErr = spawnSubTurn(parentTS.ctx, al, parentTS, subTurnCfg)
+	}()
+
+	// Parent WAITS for SubTurn to complete
+	t.Log("Parent waiting for SubTurn...")
+	wg.Wait()
+	t.Log("SubTurn completed, parent now finishing")
+
+	// Now parent can finish safely
+	parentTS.Finish(false)
+
+	// Check the result
+	if subTurnErr != nil {
+		if errors.Is(subTurnErr, context.Canceled) {
+			t.Errorf("SubTurn should NOT have been canceled: %v", subTurnErr)
+		} else {
+			t.Logf("SubTurn failed with error: %v", subTurnErr)
+		}
+	} else {
+		t.Log("✓ SubTurn completed successfully")
+		if subTurnResult != nil {
+			t.Logf("SubTurn result: %s", subTurnResult.ForLLM)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check channel delivery
+	select {
+	case r := <-parentTS.pendingResults:
+		if r != nil {
+			t.Logf("✓ Result delivered to channel: %s", r.ForLLM)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+		t.Log("No result in channel (expected since we waited)")
+	}
+}
+
+// ====================== Graceful vs Hard Finish Tests ======================
+
+// TestFinish_GracefulVsHard verifies the behavior difference between:
+// - Finish(false): graceful finish, signals parentEnded but doesn't cancel children
+// - Finish(true): hard abort, immediately cancels all children
+func TestFinish_GracefulVsHard(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test 1: Graceful finish should set parentEnded but not cancel context
+	t.Run("Graceful_SetsParentEnded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		defer cancel()
+
+		ts := &turnState{
+			ctx:            ctx,
+			turnID:         "graceful-test",
+			depth:          0,
+			pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		}
+		ts.ctx, ts.cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+
+		// Finish gracefully
+		ts.Finish(false)
+
+		// Verify parentEnded is set
+		if !ts.parentEnded.Load() {
+			t.Error("parentEnded should be true after graceful finish")
+		}
+
+		// Verify context is NOT canceled (for graceful finish, children continue)
+		// Note: In graceful mode, we don't call cancelFunc()
+		// But since we're using WithCancel on the same ctx, it might be canceled
+		// Let's check that the context is still valid for a moment
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+		// Context might be canceled by the deferred cancel() in test, which is fine
+	})
+
+	// Test 2: Hard abort should cancel context immediately
+	t.Run("Hard_CancelsContext", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		ts := &turnState{
+			ctx:            ctx,
+			turnID:         "hard-test",
+			depth:          0,
+			pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		}
+		ts.ctx, ts.cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+
+		// Finish with hard abort
+		ts.Finish(true)
+
+		// Verify context is canceled
+		select {
+		case <-ts.ctx.Done():
+			t.Log("✓ Context canceled after hard abort")
+		default:
+			t.Error("Context should be canceled after hard abort")
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Test 3: IsParentEnded returns correct value
+	t.Run("IsParentEnded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		parentTS := &turnState{
+			ctx:            ctx,
+			turnID:         "parent-isended-test",
+			depth:          0,
+			pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		}
+		parentTS.ctx, parentTS.cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+
+		childTS := &turnState{
+			ctx:             ctx,
+			turnID:          "child-isended-test",
+			depth:           1,
+			parentTurnState: parentTS,
+			pendingResults:  make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		}
+
+		// Before parent finishes
+		if childTS.IsParentEnded() {
+			t.Error("IsParentEnded should be false before parent finishes")
+		}
+
+		// Finish parent gracefully
+		parentTS.Finish(false)
+
+		// After parent finishes
+		if !childTS.IsParentEnded() {
+			t.Error("IsParentEnded should be true after parent finishes gracefully")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestSubTurn_IndependentContext verifies that SubTurns use independent contexts
+// that don't get canceled when the parent finishes gracefully.
+func TestSubTurn_IndependentContext(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
+			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
+				Provider: "mock",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	provider := &slowMockProvider{delay: 500 * time.Millisecond}
+	al := NewAgentLoop(cfg, msgBus, provider)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	parentTS := &turnState{
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		turnID:         "parent-independent",
+		depth:          0,
+		session:        newEphemeralSession(nil),
+		pendingResults: make(chan *tools.ToolResult, 16),
+		concurrencySem: make(chan struct{}, testMaxConcurrentSubTurns),
+	}
+	parentTS.ctx, parentTS.cancelFunc = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+
+	var subTurnErr error
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	// Spawn SubTurn with Critical=true (should continue after parent finishes)
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		subTurnCfg := SubTurnConfig{
+			Model:    "slow-model",
+			Async:    true,
+			Critical: true, // Critical SubTurn should continue
+		}
+		_, subTurnErr = spawnSubTurn(parentTS.ctx, al, parentTS, subTurnCfg)
+	}()
+
+	// Let SubTurn start
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Parent finishes gracefully (should NOT cancel SubTurn)
+	parentTS.Finish(false)
+	t.Log("Parent finished gracefully, SubTurn should continue")
+
+	// Wait for SubTurn to complete
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	// SubTurn should complete without context canceled error
+	// (because it uses independent context now)
+	if subTurnErr != nil {
+		t.Logf("SubTurn error: %v", subTurnErr)
+		// The error might be context.DeadlineExceeded if timeout is too short
+		// but should NOT be context.Canceled from parent
+		if errors.Is(subTurnErr, context.Canceled) {
+			t.Error("SubTurn should not be canceled by parent's graceful finish")
+		}
+	} else {
+		t.Log("✓ SubTurn completed successfully (independent context)")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/agent/turn.go b/pkg/agent/turn.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4970c519
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/agent/turn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+package agent
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/session"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/tools"
+)
+
+type TurnPhase string
+
+const (
+	TurnPhaseSetup      TurnPhase = "setup"
+	TurnPhaseRunning    TurnPhase = "running"
+	TurnPhaseTools      TurnPhase = "tools"
+	TurnPhaseFinalizing TurnPhase = "finalizing"
+	TurnPhaseCompleted  TurnPhase = "completed"
+	TurnPhaseAborted    TurnPhase = "aborted"
+)
+
+type ActiveTurnInfo struct {
+	TurnID       string
+	AgentID      string
+	SessionKey   string
+	Channel      string
+	ChatID       string
+	UserMessage  string
+	Phase        TurnPhase
+	Iteration    int
+	StartedAt    time.Time
+	Depth        int
+	ParentTurnID string
+	ChildTurnIDs []string
+}
+
+type turnResult struct {
+	finalContent string
+	status       TurnEndStatus
+	followUps    []bus.InboundMessage
+}
+
+type turnState struct {
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+
+	agent *AgentInstance
+	opts  processOptions
+	scope turnEventScope
+
+	turnID     string
+	agentID    string
+	sessionKey string
+
+	channel     string
+	chatID      string
+	userMessage string
+	media       []string
+
+	phase        TurnPhase
+	iteration    int
+	startedAt    time.Time
+	finalContent string
+
+	followUps []bus.InboundMessage
+
+	gracefulInterrupt     bool
+	gracefulInterruptHint string
+	gracefulTerminalUsed  bool
+	hardAbort             bool
+	providerCancel        context.CancelFunc
+	turnCancel            context.CancelFunc
+
+	restorePointHistory []providers.Message
+	restorePointSummary string
+	persistedMessages   []providers.Message
+
+	// SubTurn support (from HEAD)
+	depth                int                    // SubTurn depth (0 for root turn)
+	parentTurnID         string                 // Parent turn ID (empty for root turn)
+	childTurnIDs         []string               // Child turn IDs
+	pendingResults       chan *tools.ToolResult // Channel for SubTurn results
+	concurrencySem       chan struct{}          // Semaphore for limiting concurrent SubTurns
+	isFinished           atomic.Bool            // Whether this turn has finished
+	session              session.SessionStore   // Session store reference
+	initialHistoryLength int                    // Snapshot of history length at turn start
+
+	// Additional SubTurn fields
+	ctx             context.Context    // Context for this turn
+	cancelFunc      context.CancelFunc // Cancel function for this turn's context
+	critical        bool               // Whether this SubTurn should continue after parent ends
+	parentTurnState *turnState         // Reference to parent turnState
+	parentEnded     atomic.Bool        // Whether parent has ended
+	closeOnce       sync.Once          // Ensures pendingResults channel is closed once
+	finishedChan    chan struct{}      // Closed when turn finishes
+
+	// Token budget tracking
+	tokenBudget      *atomic.Int64        // Shared token budget counter
+	lastFinishReason string               // Last LLM finish_reason
+	lastUsage        *providers.UsageInfo // Last LLM usage info
+
+	// Back-reference to the owning AgentLoop (set for SubTurns only, used for hard abort cascade)
+	al *AgentLoop
+}
+
+func newTurnState(agent *AgentInstance, opts processOptions, scope turnEventScope) *turnState {
+	ts := &turnState{
+		agent:       agent,
+		opts:        opts,
+		scope:       scope,
+		turnID:      scope.turnID,
+		agentID:     agent.ID,
+		sessionKey:  opts.SessionKey,
+		channel:     opts.Channel,
+		chatID:      opts.ChatID,
+		userMessage: opts.UserMessage,
+		media:       append([]string(nil), opts.Media...),
+		phase:       TurnPhaseSetup,
+		startedAt:   time.Now(),
+	}
+
+	// Bind session store and capture initial history length for rollback logic
+	if agent != nil && agent.Sessions != nil {
+		ts.session = agent.Sessions
+		ts.initialHistoryLength = len(agent.Sessions.GetHistory(opts.SessionKey))
+	}
+
+	return ts
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) registerActiveTurn(ts *turnState) {
+	al.activeTurnStates.Store(ts.sessionKey, ts)
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) clearActiveTurn(ts *turnState) {
+	al.activeTurnStates.Delete(ts.sessionKey)
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) getActiveTurnState(sessionKey string) *turnState {
+	if val, ok := al.activeTurnStates.Load(sessionKey); ok {
+		return val.(*turnState)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// getAnyActiveTurnState returns any active turn state (for backward compatibility)
+func (al *AgentLoop) getAnyActiveTurnState() *turnState {
+	var firstTS *turnState
+	al.activeTurnStates.Range(func(key, value any) bool {
+		firstTS = value.(*turnState)
+		return false // stop after first
+	})
+	return firstTS
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) GetActiveTurn() *ActiveTurnInfo {
+	// For backward compatibility, return the first active turn found
+	// In the new architecture, there can be multiple concurrent turns
+	var firstTS *turnState
+	al.activeTurnStates.Range(func(key, value any) bool {
+		firstTS = value.(*turnState)
+		return false // stop after first
+	})
+	if firstTS == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	info := firstTS.snapshot()
+	return &info
+}
+
+func (al *AgentLoop) GetActiveTurnBySession(sessionKey string) *ActiveTurnInfo {
+	ts := al.getActiveTurnState(sessionKey)
+	if ts == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	info := ts.snapshot()
+	return &info
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) snapshot() ActiveTurnInfo {
+	ts.mu.RLock()
+	defer ts.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return ActiveTurnInfo{
+		TurnID:       ts.turnID,
+		AgentID:      ts.agentID,
+		SessionKey:   ts.sessionKey,
+		Channel:      ts.channel,
+		ChatID:       ts.chatID,
+		UserMessage:  ts.userMessage,
+		Phase:        ts.phase,
+		Iteration:    ts.iteration,
+		StartedAt:    ts.startedAt,
+		Depth:        ts.depth,
+		ParentTurnID: ts.parentTurnID,
+		ChildTurnIDs: append([]string(nil), ts.childTurnIDs...),
+	}
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) setPhase(phase TurnPhase) {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	ts.phase = phase
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) setIteration(iteration int) {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	ts.iteration = iteration
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) currentIteration() int {
+	ts.mu.RLock()
+	defer ts.mu.RUnlock()
+	return ts.iteration
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) setFinalContent(content string) {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	ts.finalContent = content
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) finalContentLen() int {
+	ts.mu.RLock()
+	defer ts.mu.RUnlock()
+	return len(ts.finalContent)
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) setTurnCancel(cancel context.CancelFunc) {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	ts.turnCancel = cancel
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) setProviderCancel(cancel context.CancelFunc) {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	ts.providerCancel = cancel
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) clearProviderCancel(_ context.CancelFunc) {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	ts.providerCancel = nil
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) requestGracefulInterrupt(hint string) bool {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	if ts.hardAbort {
+		return false
+	}
+	ts.gracefulInterrupt = true
+	ts.gracefulInterruptHint = hint
+	return true
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) gracefulInterruptRequested() (bool, string) {
+	ts.mu.RLock()
+	defer ts.mu.RUnlock()
+	return ts.gracefulInterrupt && !ts.gracefulTerminalUsed, ts.gracefulInterruptHint
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) markGracefulTerminalUsed() {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	ts.gracefulTerminalUsed = true
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) requestHardAbort() bool {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	if ts.hardAbort {
+		ts.mu.Unlock()
+		return false
+	}
+	ts.hardAbort = true
+	turnCancel := ts.turnCancel
+	providerCancel := ts.providerCancel
+	ts.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if providerCancel != nil {
+		providerCancel()
+	}
+	if turnCancel != nil {
+		turnCancel()
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) hardAbortRequested() bool {
+	ts.mu.RLock()
+	defer ts.mu.RUnlock()
+	return ts.hardAbort
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) eventMeta(source, tracePath string) EventMeta {
+	snap := ts.snapshot()
+	return EventMeta{
+		AgentID:    snap.AgentID,
+		TurnID:     snap.TurnID,
+		SessionKey: snap.SessionKey,
+		Iteration:  snap.Iteration,
+		Source:     source,
+		TracePath:  tracePath,
+	}
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) captureRestorePoint(history []providers.Message, summary string) {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	ts.restorePointHistory = append([]providers.Message(nil), history...)
+	ts.restorePointSummary = summary
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) recordPersistedMessage(msg providers.Message) {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	ts.persistedMessages = append(ts.persistedMessages, msg)
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) refreshRestorePointFromSession(agent *AgentInstance) {
+	history := agent.Sessions.GetHistory(ts.sessionKey)
+	summary := agent.Sessions.GetSummary(ts.sessionKey)
+
+	ts.mu.RLock()
+	persisted := append([]providers.Message(nil), ts.persistedMessages...)
+	ts.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if matched := matchingTurnMessageTail(history, persisted); matched > 0 {
+		history = append([]providers.Message(nil), history[:len(history)-matched]...)
+	}
+
+	ts.captureRestorePoint(history, summary)
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) restoreSession(agent *AgentInstance) error {
+	ts.mu.RLock()
+	history := append([]providers.Message(nil), ts.restorePointHistory...)
+	summary := ts.restorePointSummary
+	ts.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	agent.Sessions.SetHistory(ts.sessionKey, history)
+	agent.Sessions.SetSummary(ts.sessionKey, summary)
+	return agent.Sessions.Save(ts.sessionKey)
+}
+
+func matchingTurnMessageTail(history, persisted []providers.Message) int {
+	maxMatch := min(len(history), len(persisted))
+	for size := maxMatch; size > 0; size-- {
+		if reflect.DeepEqual(history[len(history)-size:], persisted[len(persisted)-size:]) {
+			return size
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (ts *turnState) interruptHintMessage() providers.Message {
+	_, hint := ts.gracefulInterruptRequested()
+	content := "Interrupt requested. Stop scheduling tools and provide a short final summary."
+	if hint != "" {
+		content += "\n\nInterrupt hint: " + hint
+	}
+	return providers.Message{
+		Role:    "user",
+		Content: content,
+	}
+}
+
+// SubTurn-related methods
+
+// Finish marks the turn as finished and closes the pendingResults channel
+func (ts *turnState) Finish(isHardAbort bool) {
+	ts.isFinished.Store(true)
+
+	// Close pendingResults channel exactly once
+	ts.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		if ts.pendingResults != nil {
+			close(ts.pendingResults)
+		}
+		ts.mu.Lock()
+		if ts.finishedChan == nil {
+			ts.finishedChan = make(chan struct{})
+		}
+		close(ts.finishedChan)
+		ts.mu.Unlock()
+	})
+
+	// If this is a graceful finish (not hard abort), signal to children
+	if !isHardAbort && ts.parentTurnState == nil {
+		// This is a root turn finishing gracefully
+		ts.parentEnded.Store(true)
+	}
+
+	// Cancel the turn context
+	if ts.cancelFunc != nil {
+		ts.cancelFunc()
+	}
+
+	// Hard abort cascades to all child turns
+	if isHardAbort && ts.al != nil {
+		ts.mu.RLock()
+		children := append([]string(nil), ts.childTurnIDs...)
+		ts.mu.RUnlock()
+		for _, childID := range children {
+			if val, ok := ts.al.activeTurnStates.Load(childID); ok {
+				val.(*turnState).Finish(true)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Finished returns whether the turn has finished
+func (ts *turnState) Finished() chan struct{} {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	if ts.finishedChan == nil {
+		ts.finishedChan = make(chan struct{})
+	}
+	return ts.finishedChan
+}
+
+// IsParentEnded checks if the parent turn has ended
+func (ts *turnState) IsParentEnded() bool {
+	if ts.parentTurnState == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return ts.parentTurnState.parentEnded.Load()
+}
+
+// GetLastFinishReason returns the last LLM finish_reason
+func (ts *turnState) GetLastFinishReason() string {
+	ts.mu.RLock()
+	defer ts.mu.RUnlock()
+	return ts.lastFinishReason
+}
+
+// SetLastFinishReason sets the last LLM finish_reason
+func (ts *turnState) SetLastFinishReason(reason string) {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	ts.lastFinishReason = reason
+}
+
+// GetLastUsage returns the last LLM usage info
+func (ts *turnState) GetLastUsage() *providers.UsageInfo {
+	ts.mu.RLock()
+	defer ts.mu.RUnlock()
+	return ts.lastUsage
+}
+
+// SetLastUsage sets the last LLM usage info
+func (ts *turnState) SetLastUsage(usage *providers.UsageInfo) {
+	ts.mu.Lock()
+	defer ts.mu.Unlock()
+	ts.lastUsage = usage
+}
+
+// Context helper functions for SubTurn
+
+type turnStateKeyType struct{}
+
+var turnStateKey = turnStateKeyType{}
+
+func withTurnState(ctx context.Context, ts *turnState) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, turnStateKey, ts)
+}
+
+func turnStateFromContext(ctx context.Context) *turnState {
+	ts, _ := ctx.Value(turnStateKey).(*turnState)
+	return ts
+}
+
+// TurnStateFromContext retrieves turnState from context (exported for tools)
+func TurnStateFromContext(ctx context.Context) *turnState {
+	return turnStateFromContext(ctx)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/auth/store.go b/pkg/auth/store.go
index f7813ca57..8a878d553 100644
--- a/pkg/auth/store.go
+++ b/pkg/auth/store.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/fileutil"
 )
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ func authFilePath() string {
 		return filepath.Join(home, "auth.json")
 	}
 	home, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
-	return filepath.Join(home, ".picoclaw", "auth.json")
+	return filepath.Join(home, pkg.DefaultPicoClawHome, "auth.json")
 }
 
 func LoadStore() (*AuthStore, error) {
diff --git a/pkg/channels/README.md b/pkg/channels/README.md
index b7c56660b..7f238ece5 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/README.md
+++ b/pkg/channels/README.md
@@ -1255,8 +1255,7 @@ make test                                       # Full test suite
 | `pkg/channels/onebot/` | `"onebot"` | ReactionCapable, MediaSender |
 | `pkg/channels/dingtalk/` | `"dingtalk"` | — |
 | `pkg/channels/feishu/` | `"feishu"` | — (architecture-specific build tags: `feishu_32.go` / `feishu_64.go`) |
-| `pkg/channels/wecom/` | `"wecom"` | WebhookHandler, HealthChecker |
-| `pkg/channels/wecom/` | `"wecom_app"` | MediaSender, WebhookHandler, HealthChecker |
+| `pkg/channels/wecom/` | `"wecom"` | MediaSender |
 | `pkg/channels/qq/` | `"qq"` | — |
 | `pkg/channels/whatsapp/` | `"whatsapp"` | — (Bridge mode) |
 | `pkg/channels/whatsapp_native/` | `"whatsapp_native"` | — (Native whatsmeow mode) |
@@ -1371,7 +1370,7 @@ agentLoop.Stop()               // Stop Agent
 
 2. **Feishu architecture-specific compilation**: The Feishu channel uses build tags to distinguish 32-bit and 64-bit architectures (`feishu_32.go` / `feishu_64.go`). Feishu uses the SDK's WebSocket mode (not HTTP webhook), so it does not implement `WebhookHandler`.
 
-3. **WeCom has two factories**: `"wecom"` (Bot mode, webhook only) and `"wecom_app"` (App mode, supports MediaSender) are registered separately. Both implement `WebhookHandler` and `HealthChecker`.
+3. **WeCom is now a single channel**: `"wecom"` is implemented as a WebSocket-based AI Bot channel with route persistence. Access control uses the shared channel allowlist mechanism. It no longer exposes the legacy webhook/app split.
 
 4. **Pico Protocol**: `pkg/channels/pico/` implements a custom PicoClaw native protocol channel that receives messages via WebSocket webhook (`/pico/ws`).
 
@@ -1381,4 +1380,4 @@ agentLoop.Stop()               // Stop Agent
 
 7. **PlaceholderConfig vs implementation**: `PlaceholderConfig` appears in 6 channel configs (Telegram, Discord, Slack, LINE, OneBot, Pico), but only channels that implement both `PlaceholderCapable` + `MessageEditor` (Telegram, Discord, Pico) can actually use placeholder message editing. The rest are reserved fields.
 
-8. **ReasoningChannelID**: Most channel configs include a `reasoning_channel_id` field to route LLM reasoning/thinking output to a designated channel (WhatsApp, Telegram, Feishu, Discord, MaixCam, QQ, DingTalk, Slack, LINE, OneBot, WeCom, WeComApp). Note: `PicoConfig` does not currently expose this field. `BaseChannel` exposes this via the `WithReasoningChannelID` option and `ReasoningChannelID()` method.
\ No newline at end of file
+8. **ReasoningChannelID**: Most channel configs include a `reasoning_channel_id` field to route LLM reasoning/thinking output to a designated channel (WhatsApp, Telegram, Feishu, Discord, MaixCam, QQ, DingTalk, Slack, LINE, OneBot, WeCom). Note: `PicoConfig` does not currently expose this field. `BaseChannel` exposes this via the `WithReasoningChannelID` option and `ReasoningChannelID()` method.
diff --git a/pkg/channels/README.zh.md b/pkg/channels/README.zh.md
index 2c5e7356e..8bc8c8dbc 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/README.zh.md
+++ b/pkg/channels/README.zh.md
@@ -1254,8 +1254,7 @@ make test                                       # 全量测试
 | `pkg/channels/onebot/` | `"onebot"` | ReactionCapable, MediaSender |
 | `pkg/channels/dingtalk/` | `"dingtalk"` | — |
 | `pkg/channels/feishu/` | `"feishu"` | — (架构特定 build tags: `feishu_32.go` / `feishu_64.go`) |
-| `pkg/channels/wecom/` | `"wecom"` | WebhookHandler, HealthChecker |
-| `pkg/channels/wecom/` | `"wecom_app"` | MediaSender, WebhookHandler, HealthChecker |
+| `pkg/channels/wecom/` | `"wecom"` | MediaSender |
 | `pkg/channels/qq/` | `"qq"` | — |
 | `pkg/channels/whatsapp/` | `"whatsapp"` | — (Bridge 模式) |
 | `pkg/channels/whatsapp_native/` | `"whatsapp_native"` | — (原生 whatsmeow 模式) |
@@ -1370,7 +1369,7 @@ agentLoop.Stop()               // 停止 Agent
 
 2. **Feishu 架构特定编译**：Feishu channel 使用 build tags 区分 32 位和 64 位架构（`feishu_32.go` / `feishu_64.go`）。Feishu 使用 SDK 的 WebSocket 模式（非 HTTP webhook），因此不实现 `WebhookHandler`。
 
-3. **WeCom 有两个工厂**：`"wecom"`（Bot 模式，纯 webhook）和 `"wecom_app"`（应用模式，支持 MediaSender）分别注册。两者都实现了 `WebhookHandler` 和 `HealthChecker`。
+3. **WeCom 现在只有一个 channel**：`"wecom"` 采用 WebSocket AI Bot 实现，带路由持久化；访问控制走统一的 channel 白名单机制，不再保留旧的 webhook/app 双分支。
 
 4. **Pico Protocol**：`pkg/channels/pico/` 实现了一个自定义的 PicoClaw 原生协议 channel，通过 WebSocket webhook (`/pico/ws`) 接收消息。
 
@@ -1380,4 +1379,4 @@ agentLoop.Stop()               // 停止 Agent
 
 7. **PlaceholderConfig 的配置与实现**：`PlaceholderConfig` 出现在 6 个 channel config 中（Telegram、Discord、Slack、LINE、OneBot、Pico），但只有实现了 `PlaceholderCapable` + `MessageEditor` 的 channel（Telegram、Discord、Pico）能真正使用占位消息编辑功能。其余 channel 的 `PlaceholderConfig` 为预留字段。
 
-8. **ReasoningChannelID**：大多数 channel config 都包含 `reasoning_channel_id` 字段，用于将 LLM 的思维链（reasoning/thinking）路由到指定 channel（WhatsApp、Telegram、Feishu、Discord、MaixCam、QQ、DingTalk、Slack、LINE、OneBot、WeCom、WeComApp）。注意：`PicoConfig` 目前不包含该字段。`BaseChannel` 通过 `WithReasoningChannelID` 选项和 `ReasoningChannelID()` 方法暴露此配置。
\ No newline at end of file
+8. **ReasoningChannelID**：大多数 channel config 都包含 `reasoning_channel_id` 字段，用于将 LLM 的思维链（reasoning/thinking）路由到指定 channel（WhatsApp、Telegram、Feishu、Discord、MaixCam、QQ、DingTalk、Slack、LINE、OneBot、WeCom）。注意：`PicoConfig` 目前不包含该字段。`BaseChannel` 通过 `WithReasoningChannelID` 选项和 `ReasoningChannelID()` 方法暴露此配置。
diff --git a/pkg/channels/dingtalk/dingtalk.go b/pkg/channels/dingtalk/dingtalk.go
index c03122892..7ac2c073f 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/dingtalk/dingtalk.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/dingtalk/dingtalk.go
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ type DingTalkChannel struct {
 
 // NewDingTalkChannel creates a new DingTalk channel instance
 func NewDingTalkChannel(cfg config.DingTalkConfig, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) (*DingTalkChannel, error) {
-	if cfg.ClientID == "" || cfg.ClientSecret == "" {
+	if cfg.ClientID == "" || cfg.ClientSecret() == "" {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dingtalk client_id and client_secret are required")
 	}
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func NewDingTalkChannel(cfg config.DingTalkConfig, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) (
 		BaseChannel:  base,
 		config:       cfg,
 		clientID:     cfg.ClientID,
-		clientSecret: cfg.ClientSecret,
+		clientSecret: cfg.ClientSecret(),
 	}, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/pkg/channels/discord/discord.go b/pkg/channels/discord/discord.go
index 83a04907c..2385544a6 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/discord/discord.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/discord/discord.go
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func NewDiscordChannel(cfg config.DiscordConfig, bus *bus.MessageBus) (*DiscordC
 			discordgo.LogDebug:         logger.DEBUG,
 		}).Log
 
-	session, err := discordgo.New("Bot " + cfg.Token)
+	session, err := discordgo.New("Bot " + cfg.Token())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create discord session: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -254,10 +254,7 @@ func (c *DiscordChannel) SendPlaceholder(ctx context.Context, chatID string) (st
 		return "", nil
 	}
 
-	text := c.config.Placeholder.Text
-	if text == "" {
-		text = "Thinking... 💭"
-	}
+	text := c.config.Placeholder.GetRandomText()
 
 	msg, err := c.session.ChannelMessageSend(chatID, text)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -396,8 +393,9 @@ func (c *DiscordChannel) handleMessage(s *discordgo.Session, m *discordgo.Messag
 	storeMedia := func(localPath, filename string) string {
 		if store := c.GetMediaStore(); store != nil {
 			ref, err := store.Store(localPath, media.MediaMeta{
-				Filename: filename,
-				Source:   "discord",
+				Filename:      filename,
+				Source:        "discord",
+				CleanupPolicy: media.CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
 			}, scope)
 			if err == nil {
 				return ref
diff --git a/pkg/channels/feishu/feishu_64.go b/pkg/channels/feishu/feishu_64.go
index 37a74718a..76df988ad 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/feishu/feishu_64.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/feishu/feishu_64.go
@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ func NewFeishuChannel(cfg config.FeishuConfig, bus *bus.MessageBus) (*FeishuChan
 		BaseChannel: base,
 		config:      cfg,
 		tokenCache:  tc,
-		client:      lark.NewClient(cfg.AppID, cfg.AppSecret, opts...),
+		client:      lark.NewClient(cfg.AppID, cfg.AppSecret(), opts...),
 	}
 	ch.SetOwner(ch)
 	return ch, nil
 }
 
 func (c *FeishuChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	if c.config.AppID == "" || c.config.AppSecret == "" {
+	if c.config.AppID == "" || c.config.AppSecret() == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("feishu app_id or app_secret is empty")
 	}
 
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func (c *FeishuChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 		})
 	}
 
-	dispatcher := larkdispatcher.NewEventDispatcher(c.config.VerificationToken, c.config.EncryptKey).
+	dispatcher := larkdispatcher.NewEventDispatcher(c.config.VerificationToken(), c.config.EncryptKey()).
 		OnP2MessageReceiveV1(c.handleMessageReceive)
 
 	runCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func (c *FeishuChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	c.wsClient = larkws.NewClient(
 		c.config.AppID,
-		c.config.AppSecret,
+		c.config.AppSecret(),
 		larkws.WithEventHandler(dispatcher),
 		larkws.WithDomain(domain),
 	)
@@ -211,10 +211,7 @@ func (c *FeishuChannel) SendPlaceholder(ctx context.Context, chatID string) (str
 		return "", nil
 	}
 
-	text := c.config.Placeholder.Text
-	if text == "" {
-		text = "Thinking..."
-	}
+	text := c.config.Placeholder.GetRandomText()
 
 	cardContent, err := buildMarkdownCard(text)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -725,8 +722,9 @@ func (c *FeishuChannel) downloadResource(
 	out.Close()
 
 	ref, err := store.Store(localPath, media.MediaMeta{
-		Filename: filename,
-		Source:   "feishu",
+		Filename:      filename,
+		Source:        "feishu",
+		CleanupPolicy: media.CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
 	}, scope)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.ErrorCF("feishu", "Failed to store downloaded resource", map[string]any{
diff --git a/pkg/channels/irc/handler.go b/pkg/channels/irc/handler.go
index aca4ddd11..3fe9548f4 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/irc/handler.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/irc/handler.go
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ import (
 // onConnect is called after a successful connection (and on reconnect).
 func (c *IRCChannel) onConnect(conn *ircevent.Connection) {
 	// NickServ auth (only if SASL is not configured)
-	if c.config.NickServPassword != "" && c.config.SASLUser == "" {
-		conn.Privmsg("NickServ", "IDENTIFY "+c.config.NickServPassword)
+	if c.config.NickServPassword() != "" && c.config.SASLUser == "" {
+		conn.Privmsg("NickServ", "IDENTIFY "+c.config.NickServPassword())
 	}
 
 	// Join configured channels
diff --git a/pkg/channels/irc/irc.go b/pkg/channels/irc/irc.go
index 28c59b540..289ce2c9b 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/irc/irc.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/irc/irc.go
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ func (c *IRCChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 		Nick:        c.config.Nick,
 		User:        user,
 		RealName:    realName,
-		Password:    c.config.Password,
+		Password:    c.config.Password(),
 		UseTLS:      c.config.TLS,
 		RequestCaps: caps,
 		QuitMessage: "Goodbye",
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@ func (c *IRCChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	// SASL auth (takes priority over NickServ)
-	if c.config.SASLUser != "" && c.config.SASLPassword != "" {
+	if c.config.SASLUser != "" && c.config.SASLPassword() != "" {
 		conn.SASLLogin = c.config.SASLUser
-		conn.SASLPassword = c.config.SASLPassword
+		conn.SASLPassword = c.config.SASLPassword()
 	}
 
 	// Register event handlers
diff --git a/pkg/channels/line/line.go b/pkg/channels/line/line.go
index 56ba02183..4eaadae70 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/line/line.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/line/line.go
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ type LINEChannel struct {
 
 // NewLINEChannel creates a new LINE channel instance.
 func NewLINEChannel(cfg config.LINEConfig, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) (*LINEChannel, error) {
-	if cfg.ChannelSecret == "" || cfg.ChannelAccessToken == "" {
+	if cfg.ChannelSecret() == "" || cfg.ChannelAccessToken() == "" {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("line channel_secret and channel_access_token are required")
 	}
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ func (c *LINEChannel) fetchBotInfo() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+c.config.ChannelAccessToken)
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+c.config.ChannelAccessToken())
 
 	resp, err := c.infoClient.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ func (c *LINEChannel) verifySignature(body []byte, signature string) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	mac := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(c.config.ChannelSecret))
+	mac := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(c.config.ChannelSecret()))
 	mac.Write(body)
 	expected := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(mac.Sum(nil))
 
@@ -301,8 +301,9 @@ func (c *LINEChannel) processEvent(event lineEvent) {
 	storeMedia := func(localPath, filename string) string {
 		if store := c.GetMediaStore(); store != nil {
 			ref, err := store.Store(localPath, media.MediaMeta{
-				Filename: filename,
-				Source:   "line",
+				Filename:      filename,
+				Source:        "line",
+				CleanupPolicy: media.CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
 			}, scope)
 			if err == nil {
 				return ref
@@ -654,7 +655,7 @@ func (c *LINEChannel) callAPI(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, payload any)
 	}
 
 	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+c.config.ChannelAccessToken)
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+c.config.ChannelAccessToken())
 
 	resp, err := c.apiClient.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -679,7 +680,7 @@ func (c *LINEChannel) downloadContent(messageID, filename string) string {
 	return utils.DownloadFile(url, filename, utils.DownloadOptions{
 		LoggerPrefix: "line",
 		ExtraHeaders: map[string]string{
-			"Authorization": "Bearer " + c.config.ChannelAccessToken,
+			"Authorization": "Bearer " + c.config.ChannelAccessToken(),
 		},
 	})
 }
diff --git a/pkg/channels/manager.go b/pkg/channels/manager.go
index ff3fa399c..7bcb933ce 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/manager.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/manager.go
@@ -206,6 +206,40 @@ func (m *Manager) preSend(ctx context.Context, name string, msg bus.OutboundMess
 	return false
 }
 
+// preSendMedia handles typing stop, reaction undo, and placeholder cleanup
+// before sending media attachments. Unlike preSend for text messages, media
+// delivery never edits the placeholder because there is no text payload to
+// replace it with; it only attempts to delete the placeholder when possible.
+func (m *Manager) preSendMedia(ctx context.Context, name string, msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage, ch Channel) {
+	key := name + ":" + msg.ChatID
+
+	// 1. Stop typing
+	if v, loaded := m.typingStops.LoadAndDelete(key); loaded {
+		if entry, ok := v.(typingEntry); ok {
+			entry.stop() // idempotent, safe
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 2. Undo reaction
+	if v, loaded := m.reactionUndos.LoadAndDelete(key); loaded {
+		if entry, ok := v.(reactionEntry); ok {
+			entry.undo() // idempotent, safe
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 3. Clear any finalized stream marker for this chat before media delivery.
+	m.streamActive.LoadAndDelete(key)
+
+	// 4. Delete placeholder if present.
+	if v, loaded := m.placeholders.LoadAndDelete(key); loaded {
+		if entry, ok := v.(placeholderEntry); ok && entry.id != "" {
+			if deleter, ok := ch.(MessageDeleter); ok {
+				deleter.DeleteMessage(ctx, msg.ChatID, entry.id) // best effort
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func NewManager(cfg *config.Config, messageBus *bus.MessageBus, store media.MediaStore) (*Manager, error) {
 	m := &Manager{
 		channels:      make(map[string]Channel),
@@ -319,7 +353,7 @@ func (m *Manager) initChannel(name, displayName string) {
 func (m *Manager) initChannels(channels *config.ChannelsConfig) error {
 	logger.InfoC("channels", "Initializing channel manager")
 
-	if channels.Telegram.Enabled && channels.Telegram.Token != "" {
+	if channels.Telegram.Enabled && channels.Telegram.Token() != "" {
 		m.initChannel("telegram", "Telegram")
 	}
 
@@ -336,7 +370,7 @@ func (m *Manager) initChannels(channels *config.ChannelsConfig) error {
 		m.initChannel("feishu", "Feishu")
 	}
 
-	if channels.Discord.Enabled && channels.Discord.Token != "" {
+	if channels.Discord.Enabled && channels.Discord.Token() != "" {
 		m.initChannel("discord", "Discord")
 	}
 
@@ -352,18 +386,18 @@ func (m *Manager) initChannels(channels *config.ChannelsConfig) error {
 		m.initChannel("dingtalk", "DingTalk")
 	}
 
-	if channels.Slack.Enabled && channels.Slack.BotToken != "" {
+	if channels.Slack.Enabled && channels.Slack.BotToken() != "" {
 		m.initChannel("slack", "Slack")
 	}
 
 	if channels.Matrix.Enabled &&
 		m.config.Channels.Matrix.Homeserver != "" &&
 		m.config.Channels.Matrix.UserID != "" &&
-		m.config.Channels.Matrix.AccessToken != "" {
+		m.config.Channels.Matrix.AccessToken() != "" {
 		m.initChannel("matrix", "Matrix")
 	}
 
-	if channels.LINE.Enabled && channels.LINE.ChannelAccessToken != "" {
+	if channels.LINE.Enabled && channels.LINE.ChannelAccessToken() != "" {
 		m.initChannel("line", "LINE")
 	}
 
@@ -371,21 +405,15 @@ func (m *Manager) initChannels(channels *config.ChannelsConfig) error {
 		m.initChannel("onebot", "OneBot")
 	}
 
-	if channels.WeCom.Enabled && channels.WeCom.Token != "" {
+	if channels.WeCom.Enabled && channels.WeCom.BotID != "" && channels.WeCom.Secret() != "" {
 		m.initChannel("wecom", "WeCom")
 	}
 
-	if m.config.Channels.WeComAIBot.Enabled &&
-		((m.config.Channels.WeComAIBot.BotID != "" && m.config.Channels.WeComAIBot.Secret != "") ||
-			m.config.Channels.WeComAIBot.Token != "") {
-		m.initChannel("wecom_aibot", "WeCom AI Bot")
+	if channels.Weixin.Enabled && channels.Weixin.Token() != "" {
+		m.initChannel("weixin", "Weixin")
 	}
 
-	if channels.WeComApp.Enabled && channels.WeComApp.CorpID != "" {
-		m.initChannel("wecom_app", "WeCom App")
-	}
-
-	if channels.Pico.Enabled && channels.Pico.Token != "" {
+	if channels.Pico.Enabled && channels.Pico.Token() != "" {
 		m.initChannel("pico", "Pico")
 	}
 
@@ -580,8 +608,10 @@ func newChannelWorker(name string, ch Channel) *channelWorker {
 	}
 }
 
-// runWorker processes outbound messages for a single channel, splitting
-// messages that exceed the channel's maximum message length.
+// runWorker processes outbound messages for a single channel.
+// Message processing follows this order:
+//  1. SplitByMarker (if enabled in config) - LLM semantic marker-based splitting
+//  2. SplitMessage - channel-specific length-based splitting (MaxMessageLength)
 func (m *Manager) runWorker(ctx context.Context, name string, w *channelWorker) {
 	defer close(w.done)
 	for {
@@ -594,15 +624,29 @@ func (m *Manager) runWorker(ctx context.Context, name string, w *channelWorker)
 			if mlp, ok := w.ch.(MessageLengthProvider); ok {
 				maxLen = mlp.MaxMessageLength()
 			}
-			if maxLen > 0 && len([]rune(msg.Content)) > maxLen {
-				chunks := SplitMessage(msg.Content, maxLen)
-				for _, chunk := range chunks {
-					chunkMsg := msg
-					chunkMsg.Content = chunk
-					m.sendWithRetry(ctx, name, w, chunkMsg)
+
+			// Collect all message chunks to send
+			var chunks []string
+
+			// Step 1: Try marker-based splitting if enabled
+			if m.config != nil && m.config.Agents.Defaults.SplitOnMarker {
+				if markerChunks := SplitByMarker(msg.Content); len(markerChunks) > 1 {
+					for _, chunk := range markerChunks {
+						chunks = append(chunks, splitByLength(chunk, maxLen)...)
+					}
 				}
-			} else {
-				m.sendWithRetry(ctx, name, w, msg)
+			}
+
+			// Step 2: Fallback to length-based splitting if no chunks from marker
+			if len(chunks) == 0 {
+				chunks = splitByLength(msg.Content, maxLen)
+			}
+
+			// Step 3: Send all chunks
+			for _, chunk := range chunks {
+				chunkMsg := msg
+				chunkMsg.Content = chunk
+				m.sendWithRetry(ctx, name, w, chunkMsg)
 			}
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return
@@ -610,6 +654,14 @@ func (m *Manager) runWorker(ctx context.Context, name string, w *channelWorker)
 	}
 }
 
+// splitByLength splits content by maxLen if needed, otherwise returns single chunk.
+func splitByLength(content string, maxLen int) []string {
+	if maxLen > 0 && len([]rune(content)) > maxLen {
+		return SplitMessage(content, maxLen)
+	}
+	return []string{content}
+}
+
 // sendWithRetry sends a message through the channel with rate limiting and
 // retry logic. It classifies errors to determine the retry strategy:
 //   - ErrNotRunning / ErrSendFailed: permanent, no retry
@@ -771,7 +823,7 @@ func (m *Manager) runMediaWorker(ctx context.Context, name string, w *channelWor
 			if !ok {
 				return
 			}
-			m.sendMediaWithRetry(ctx, name, w, msg)
+			_ = m.sendMediaWithRetry(ctx, name, w, msg)
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return
 		}
@@ -779,26 +831,37 @@ func (m *Manager) runMediaWorker(ctx context.Context, name string, w *channelWor
 }
 
 // sendMediaWithRetry sends a media message through the channel with rate limiting and
-// retry logic. If the channel does not implement MediaSender, it silently skips.
-func (m *Manager) sendMediaWithRetry(ctx context.Context, name string, w *channelWorker, msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) {
+// retry logic. It returns nil on success, or the last error after retries,
+// including when the channel does not support MediaSender.
+func (m *Manager) sendMediaWithRetry(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	name string,
+	w *channelWorker,
+	msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage,
+) error {
 	ms, ok := w.ch.(MediaSender)
 	if !ok {
-		logger.DebugCF("channels", "Channel does not support MediaSender, skipping media", map[string]any{
+		err := fmt.Errorf("channel %q does not support media sending", name)
+		logger.WarnCF("channels", "Channel does not support MediaSender", map[string]any{
 			"channel": name,
+			"error":   err.Error(),
 		})
-		return
+		return err
 	}
 
 	// Rate limit: wait for token
 	if err := w.limiter.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
-		return
+		return err
 	}
 
+	// Pre-send: stop typing and clean up any placeholder before sending media.
+	m.preSendMedia(ctx, name, msg, w.ch)
+
 	var lastErr error
 	for attempt := 0; attempt <= maxRetries; attempt++ {
 		lastErr = ms.SendMedia(ctx, msg)
 		if lastErr == nil {
-			return
+			return nil
 		}
 
 		// Permanent failures — don't retry
@@ -817,7 +880,7 @@ func (m *Manager) sendMediaWithRetry(ctx context.Context, name string, w *channe
 			case <-time.After(rateLimitDelay):
 				continue
 			case <-ctx.Done():
-				return
+				return ctx.Err()
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -826,7 +889,7 @@ func (m *Manager) sendMediaWithRetry(ctx context.Context, name string, w *channe
 		select {
 		case <-time.After(backoff):
 		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return
+			return ctx.Err()
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -837,6 +900,7 @@ func (m *Manager) sendMediaWithRetry(ctx context.Context, name string, w *channe
 		"error":   lastErr.Error(),
 		"retries": maxRetries,
 	})
+	return lastErr
 }
 
 // runTTLJanitor periodically scans the typingStops and placeholders maps
@@ -1029,6 +1093,26 @@ func (m *Manager) SendMessage(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMessage) erro
 	return nil
 }
 
+// SendMedia sends outbound media synchronously through the channel worker's
+// rate limiter and retry logic. It blocks until the media is delivered (or all
+// retries are exhausted), which preserves ordering when later agent behavior
+// depends on actual media delivery.
+func (m *Manager) SendMedia(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) error {
+	m.mu.RLock()
+	_, exists := m.channels[msg.Channel]
+	w, wExists := m.workers[msg.Channel]
+	m.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if !exists {
+		return fmt.Errorf("channel %s not found", msg.Channel)
+	}
+	if !wExists || w == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("channel %s has no active worker", msg.Channel)
+	}
+
+	return m.sendMediaWithRetry(ctx, msg.Channel, w, msg)
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) SendToChannel(ctx context.Context, channelName, chatID, content string) error {
 	m.mu.RLock()
 	_, exists := m.channels[channelName]
diff --git a/pkg/channels/manager_channel.go b/pkg/channels/manager_channel.go
index 57cb05412..163218b75 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/manager_channel.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/manager_channel.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ func toChannelHashes(cfg *config.Config) map[string]string {
 		if !value["enabled"].(bool) {
 			continue
 		}
+		hiddenValues(key, value, ch)
 		valueBytes, _ := json.Marshal(value)
 		hash := md5.Sum(valueBytes)
 		result[key] = hex.EncodeToString(hash[:])
@@ -29,6 +30,41 @@ func toChannelHashes(cfg *config.Config) map[string]string {
 	return result
 }
 
+func hiddenValues(key string, value map[string]any, ch config.ChannelsConfig) {
+	switch key {
+	case "pico":
+		value["token"] = ch.Pico.Token()
+	case "telegram":
+		value["token"] = ch.Telegram.Token()
+	case "discord":
+		value["token"] = ch.Discord.Token()
+	case "slack":
+		value["bot_token"] = ch.Slack.BotToken()
+		value["app_token"] = ch.Slack.AppToken()
+	case "matrix":
+		value["token"] = ch.Matrix.AccessToken()
+	case "onebot":
+		value["token"] = ch.OneBot.AccessToken()
+	case "line":
+		value["token"] = ch.LINE.ChannelAccessToken()
+		value["secret"] = ch.LINE.ChannelSecret()
+	case "wecom":
+		value["secret"] = ch.WeCom.Secret()
+	case "dingtalk":
+		value["secret"] = ch.QQ.AppSecret()
+	case "qq":
+		value["secret"] = ch.DingTalk.ClientSecret()
+	case "irc":
+		value["password"] = ch.IRC.Password()
+		value["serv_password"] = ch.IRC.NickServPassword()
+		value["sasl_password"] = ch.IRC.SASLPassword()
+	case "feishu":
+		value["app_secret"] = ch.Feishu.AppSecret()
+		value["encrypt_key"] = ch.Feishu.EncryptKey()
+		value["verification_token"] = ch.Feishu.VerificationToken()
+	}
+}
+
 func compareChannels(old, news map[string]string) (added, removed []string) {
 	for key, newHash := range news {
 		if oldHash, ok := old[key]; ok {
@@ -82,5 +118,52 @@ func toChannelConfig(cfg *config.Config, list []string) (*config.ChannelsConfig,
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	updateKeys(result, &ch)
+
 	return result, nil
 }
+
+func updateKeys(newcfg, old *config.ChannelsConfig) {
+	if newcfg.Pico.Enabled {
+		newcfg.Pico.SetToken(old.Pico.Token())
+	}
+	if newcfg.Telegram.Enabled {
+		newcfg.Telegram.SetToken(old.Telegram.Token())
+	}
+	if newcfg.Discord.Enabled {
+		newcfg.Discord.SetToken(old.Discord.Token())
+	}
+	if newcfg.Slack.Enabled {
+		newcfg.Slack.SetBotToken(old.Slack.BotToken())
+		newcfg.Slack.SetAppToken(old.Slack.AppToken())
+	}
+	if newcfg.Matrix.Enabled {
+		newcfg.Matrix.SetAccessToken(old.Matrix.AccessToken())
+	}
+	if newcfg.OneBot.Enabled {
+		newcfg.OneBot.SetAccessToken(old.OneBot.AccessToken())
+	}
+	if newcfg.LINE.Enabled {
+		newcfg.LINE.SetChannelAccessToken(old.LINE.ChannelAccessToken())
+		newcfg.LINE.SetChannelSecret(old.LINE.ChannelSecret())
+	}
+	if newcfg.WeCom.Enabled {
+		newcfg.WeCom.SetSecret(old.WeCom.Secret())
+	}
+	if newcfg.DingTalk.Enabled {
+		newcfg.DingTalk.SetClientSecret(old.DingTalk.ClientSecret())
+	}
+	if newcfg.QQ.Enabled {
+		newcfg.QQ.SetAppSecret(old.QQ.AppSecret())
+	}
+	if newcfg.IRC.Enabled {
+		newcfg.IRC.SetPassword(old.IRC.Password())
+		newcfg.IRC.SetNickServPassword(old.IRC.NickServPassword())
+		newcfg.IRC.SetSASLPassword(old.IRC.SASLPassword())
+	}
+	if newcfg.Feishu.Enabled {
+		newcfg.Feishu.SetAppSecret(old.Feishu.AppSecret())
+		newcfg.Feishu.SetEncryptKey(old.Feishu.EncryptKey())
+		newcfg.Feishu.SetVerificationToken(old.Feishu.VerificationToken())
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/manager_channel_test.go b/pkg/channels/manager_channel_test.go
index 651764c4f..e17dcf17d 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/manager_channel_test.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/manager_channel_test.go
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func TestToChannelHashes(t *testing.T) {
 	added, removed = compareChannels(results2, results3)
 	assert.EqualValues(t, []string{"dingtalk"}, removed)
 	assert.EqualValues(t, []string{"telegram"}, added)
-	cfg3.Channels.Telegram.Token = "114314"
+	cfg3.Channels.Telegram.SetToken("114314")
 	results4 := toChannelHashes(cfg3)
 	assert.Equal(t, 1, len(results4))
 	logger.Debugf("results4: %v", results4)
@@ -41,11 +41,11 @@ func TestToChannelHashes(t *testing.T) {
 	cc, err := toChannelConfig(cfg3, added)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	logger.Debugf("cc: %#v", cc.Telegram)
-	assert.Equal(t, "114314", cc.Telegram.Token)
+	assert.Equal(t, "114314", cc.Telegram.Token())
 	assert.Equal(t, true, cc.Telegram.Enabled)
 	cc, err = toChannelConfig(cfg2, added)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	logger.Debugf("cc: %#v", cc.Telegram)
-	assert.Equal(t, "", cc.Telegram.Token)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", cc.Telegram.Token())
 	assert.Equal(t, false, cc.Telegram.Enabled)
 }
diff --git a/pkg/channels/manager_test.go b/pkg/channels/manager_test.go
index 7dfec9ebf..b4fd2ba3d 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/manager_test.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/manager_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
@@ -43,6 +44,40 @@ func (m *mockChannel) EditMessage(ctx context.Context, chatID, messageID, conten
 	return nil
 }
 
+type mockMediaChannel struct {
+	mockChannel
+	sendMediaFn       func(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) error
+	sentMediaMessages []bus.OutboundMediaMessage
+}
+
+func (m *mockMediaChannel) SendMedia(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) error {
+	m.sentMediaMessages = append(m.sentMediaMessages, msg)
+	if m.sendMediaFn != nil {
+		return m.sendMediaFn(ctx, msg)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type mockDeletingMediaChannel struct {
+	mockMediaChannel
+	deleteCalls int
+	lastDeleted struct {
+		chatID    string
+		messageID string
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *mockDeletingMediaChannel) DeleteMessage(
+	_ context.Context,
+	chatID string,
+	messageID string,
+) error {
+	m.deleteCalls++
+	m.lastDeleted.chatID = chatID
+	m.lastDeleted.messageID = messageID
+	return nil
+}
+
 // newTestManager creates a minimal Manager suitable for unit tests.
 func newTestManager() *Manager {
 	return &Manager{
@@ -208,6 +243,125 @@ func TestSendWithRetry_MaxRetriesExhausted(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSendMedia_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager()
+	var callCount int
+	ch := &mockMediaChannel{
+		sendMediaFn: func(_ context.Context, _ bus.OutboundMediaMessage) error {
+			callCount++
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	w := &channelWorker{
+		ch:      ch,
+		limiter: rate.NewLimiter(rate.Inf, 1),
+	}
+	m.channels["test"] = ch
+	m.workers["test"] = w
+
+	err := m.SendMedia(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMediaMessage{
+		Channel: "test",
+		ChatID:  "chat1",
+		Parts:   []bus.MediaPart{{Ref: "media://abc"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SendMedia() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if callCount != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 SendMedia call, got %d", callCount)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSendMedia_PropagatesFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager()
+	ch := &mockMediaChannel{
+		sendMediaFn: func(_ context.Context, _ bus.OutboundMediaMessage) error {
+			return fmt.Errorf("bad upload: %w", ErrSendFailed)
+		},
+	}
+	w := &channelWorker{
+		ch:      ch,
+		limiter: rate.NewLimiter(rate.Inf, 1),
+	}
+	m.channels["test"] = ch
+	m.workers["test"] = w
+
+	err := m.SendMedia(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMediaMessage{
+		Channel: "test",
+		ChatID:  "chat1",
+		Parts:   []bus.MediaPart{{Ref: "media://abc"}},
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected SendMedia to return error")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrSendFailed) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ErrSendFailed, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSendMedia_UnsupportedChannelReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager()
+	ch := &mockChannel{
+		sendFn: func(_ context.Context, _ bus.OutboundMessage) error {
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	w := &channelWorker{
+		ch:      ch,
+		limiter: rate.NewLimiter(rate.Inf, 1),
+	}
+	m.channels["test"] = ch
+	m.workers["test"] = w
+
+	err := m.SendMedia(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMediaMessage{
+		Channel: "test",
+		ChatID:  "chat1",
+		Parts:   []bus.MediaPart{{Ref: "media://abc"}},
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected SendMedia to return error for unsupported channel")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "does not support media sending") {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSendMedia_DeletesPlaceholderBeforeSending(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager()
+	ch := &mockDeletingMediaChannel{
+		mockMediaChannel: mockMediaChannel{
+			sendMediaFn: func(_ context.Context, _ bus.OutboundMediaMessage) error {
+				return nil
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	w := &channelWorker{
+		ch:      ch,
+		limiter: rate.NewLimiter(rate.Inf, 1),
+	}
+	m.channels["test"] = ch
+	m.workers["test"] = w
+	m.RecordPlaceholder("test", "chat1", "placeholder-1")
+
+	err := m.SendMedia(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMediaMessage{
+		Channel: "test",
+		ChatID:  "chat1",
+		Parts:   []bus.MediaPart{{Ref: "media://abc"}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SendMedia() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if ch.deleteCalls != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected placeholder delete to be called once, got %d", ch.deleteCalls)
+	}
+	if ch.lastDeleted.chatID != "chat1" || ch.lastDeleted.messageID != "placeholder-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected placeholder deletion target: %+v", ch.lastDeleted)
+	}
+	if len(ch.sentMediaMessages) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected media to be sent once, got %d", len(ch.sentMediaMessages))
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSendWithRetry_UnknownError(t *testing.T) {
 	m := newTestManager()
 	var callCount int
diff --git a/pkg/channels/marker.go b/pkg/channels/marker.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4801e3d27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/marker.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// Inspired by and based on nanobot: https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+package channels
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// MessageSplitMarker is the delimiter used to split a message into multiple outbound messages.
+// When SplitOnMarker is enabled in config, the Manager will split messages on this marker
+// and send each part as a separate message.
+const MessageSplitMarker = "<|[SPLIT]|>"
+
+// SplitByMarker splits a message by the MessageSplitMarker and returns the parts.
+// Empty parts (including from consecutive markers) are filtered out.
+// If no marker is found, returns a single-element slice containing the original content.
+func SplitByMarker(content string) []string {
+	if content == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(content, MessageSplitMarker)
+	result := make([]string, 0, len(parts))
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(part)
+		if trimmed != "" {
+			result = append(result, trimmed)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(result) == 0 {
+		return []string{content}
+	}
+	return result
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/marker_test.go b/pkg/channels/marker_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7b4ca99e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/marker_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+package channels
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestSplitByMarker_Basic(t *testing.T) {
+	content := "Hello <|[SPLIT]|>World"
+	chunks := SplitByMarker(content)
+
+	if len(chunks) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 2 chunks, got %d: %q", len(chunks), chunks)
+	}
+	if chunks[0] != "Hello" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected first chunk 'Hello', got %q", chunks[0])
+	}
+	if chunks[1] != "World" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected second chunk 'World', got %q", chunks[1])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSplitByMarker_NoMarker(t *testing.T) {
+	content := "Hello World"
+	chunks := SplitByMarker(content)
+
+	if len(chunks) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 1 chunk, got %d: %q", len(chunks), chunks)
+	}
+	if chunks[0] != "Hello World" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected chunk 'Hello World', got %q", chunks[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSplitByMarker_MultipleMarkers(t *testing.T) {
+	content := "Part1 <|[SPLIT]|> Part2 <|[SPLIT]|> Part3"
+	chunks := SplitByMarker(content)
+
+	if len(chunks) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 3 chunks, got %d: %q", len(chunks), chunks)
+	}
+	if chunks[0] != "Part1" || chunks[1] != "Part2" || chunks[2] != "Part3" {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected chunks: %q", chunks)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSplitByMarker_EmptyParts(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test consecutive markers and leading/trailing markers
+	content := "<|[SPLIT]|>Hello <|[SPLIT]|><|[SPLIT]|>World<|[SPLIT]|>"
+	chunks := SplitByMarker(content)
+
+	if len(chunks) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 2 chunks, got %d: %q", len(chunks), chunks)
+	}
+	if chunks[0] != "Hello" || chunks[1] != "World" {
+		t.Errorf("Unexpected chunks: %q", chunks)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSplitByMarker_WhitespaceTrimmed(t *testing.T) {
+	content := "  Hello   <|[SPLIT]|>   World  "
+	chunks := SplitByMarker(content)
+
+	if len(chunks) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 2 chunks, got %d: %q", len(chunks), chunks)
+	}
+	if chunks[0] != "Hello" || chunks[1] != "World" {
+		t.Errorf("Whitespace should be trimmed: %q", chunks)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSplitByMarker_EmptyInput(t *testing.T) {
+	chunks := SplitByMarker("")
+	if len(chunks) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected empty slice for empty input, got %d chunks", len(chunks))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMarkerAndLengthSplitIntegration tests that SplitByMarker and SplitMessage work together correctly.
+// Marker splitting happens first (per-agent config), then length splitting happens (per-channel config).
+func TestMarkerAndLengthSplitIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	maxLen := 10
+
+	// Original content: "Short <|[SPLIT]|> ThisIsAVeryLongString"
+	content := "Short <|[SPLIT]|> ThisIsAVeryLongString"
+	markerChunks := SplitByMarker(content)
+
+	// Step 1: Marker split should give us 2 chunks
+	if len(markerChunks) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 2 marker chunks, got %d: %q", len(markerChunks), markerChunks)
+	}
+
+	// Step 2: Length split should be applied to each marker chunk
+	var finalChunks []string
+	for _, chunk := range markerChunks {
+		if len([]rune(chunk)) > maxLen {
+			lengthChunks := SplitMessage(chunk, maxLen)
+			finalChunks = append(finalChunks, lengthChunks...)
+		} else {
+			finalChunks = append(finalChunks, chunk)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// "Short" is 6 chars, within limit
+	// "ThisIsAVeryLongString" is 22 chars, should be split into multiple chunks
+	// SplitMessage with maxLen=10 splits: "ThisIsAVeryLongString" -> ["ThisI", "sAVer", "yLong", "String"] (5 chunks)
+	if len(finalChunks) != 5 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 5 final chunks, got %d: %q", len(finalChunks), finalChunks)
+	}
+
+	// Verify first chunk is unchanged
+	if finalChunks[0] != "Short" {
+		t.Errorf("First chunk should be 'Short', got %q", finalChunks[0])
+	}
+
+	// Verify all length-split chunks are within limit
+	for i, chunk := range finalChunks[1:] {
+		if len([]rune(chunk)) > maxLen {
+			t.Errorf("Chunk %d exceeds maxLen: %q (%d chars)", i+1, chunk, len([]rune(chunk)))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMarkerSplitPreservesCodeBlockIntegrity tests that marker split preserves code block boundaries
+func TestMarkerSplitPreservesCodeBlockIntegrity(t *testing.T) {
+	content := "Hello <|[SPLIT]|>```go\npackage main\n```<|[SPLIT]|>World"
+	chunks := SplitByMarker(content)
+
+	if len(chunks) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 3 chunks, got %d: %q", len(chunks), chunks)
+	}
+
+	// Verify code block is intact in middle chunk
+	if chunks[1] != "```go\npackage main\n```" {
+		t.Errorf("Code block not preserved correctly: %q", chunks[1])
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/matrix/init.go b/pkg/channels/matrix/init.go
index 6677f855e..4d6ad45a7 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/matrix/init.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/matrix/init.go
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package matrix
 
 import (
+	"path/filepath"
+
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
@@ -8,6 +10,11 @@ import (
 
 func init() {
 	channels.RegisterFactory("matrix", func(cfg *config.Config, b *bus.MessageBus) (channels.Channel, error) {
-		return NewMatrixChannel(cfg.Channels.Matrix, b)
+		matrixCfg := cfg.Channels.Matrix
+		cryptoDatabasePath := matrixCfg.CryptoDatabasePath
+		if cryptoDatabasePath == "" {
+			cryptoDatabasePath = filepath.Join(cfg.WorkspacePath(), "matrix")
+		}
+		return NewMatrixChannel(matrixCfg, b, cryptoDatabasePath)
 	})
 }
diff --git a/pkg/channels/matrix/matrix.go b/pkg/channels/matrix/matrix.go
index 4cbe95c5c..f6370fa20 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/matrix/matrix.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/matrix/matrix.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package matrix
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"database/sql"
 	"fmt"
 	"html"
 	"io"
@@ -17,9 +18,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gomarkdown/markdown"
 	mdhtml "github.com/gomarkdown/markdown/html"
 	"github.com/gomarkdown/markdown/parser"
+	"go.mau.fi/util/dbutil"
 	"maunium.net/go/mautrix"
+	"maunium.net/go/mautrix/crypto/cryptohelper"
 	"maunium.net/go/mautrix/event"
 	"maunium.net/go/mautrix/id"
+	_ "modernc.org/sqlite"
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
@@ -30,6 +34,9 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
+	sqliteDriver = "sqlite"
+	dbName       = "store.db"
+
 	typingRefreshInterval      = 20 * time.Second
 	typingServerTTL            = 30 * time.Second
 	roomKindCacheTTL           = 5 * time.Minute
@@ -181,12 +188,19 @@ type MatrixChannel struct {
 
 	roomKindCache     *roomKindCache
 	localpartMentionR *regexp.Regexp
+
+	cryptoHelper *cryptohelper.CryptoHelper
+	cryptoDbPath string
 }
 
-func NewMatrixChannel(cfg config.MatrixConfig, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) (*MatrixChannel, error) {
+func NewMatrixChannel(
+	cfg config.MatrixConfig,
+	messageBus *bus.MessageBus,
+	cryptoDatabasePath string,
+) (*MatrixChannel, error) {
 	homeserver := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Homeserver)
 	userID := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.UserID)
-	accessToken := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.AccessToken)
+	accessToken := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.AccessToken())
 	if homeserver == "" {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("matrix homeserver is required")
 	}
@@ -230,6 +244,7 @@ func NewMatrixChannel(cfg config.MatrixConfig, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) (*Mat
 		roomKindCache:     newRoomKindCache(roomKindCacheMaxEntries, roomKindCacheTTL),
 		localpartMentionR: localpartMentionRegexp(matrixLocalpart(client.UserID)),
 		typingMu:          sync.Mutex{},
+		cryptoDbPath:      cryptoDatabasePath,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -239,7 +254,21 @@ func (c *MatrixChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 	c.ctx, c.cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	c.startTime = time.Now()
 
+	// Initialize crypto helper if database and passphrase are configured
+	if c.cryptoDbPath != "" && c.config.CryptoPassphrase != "" {
+		if err := c.initCrypto(ctx); err != nil {
+			logger.WarnCF(
+				"matrix",
+				"Failed to initialize crypto, continuing without encryption support",
+				map[string]any{
+					"error": err.Error(),
+				},
+			)
+		}
+	}
+
 	c.syncer.OnEventType(event.EventMessage, c.handleMessageEvent)
+	c.syncer.OnEventType(event.EventEncrypted, c.handleMessageEvent)
 	c.syncer.OnEventType(event.StateMember, c.handleMemberEvent)
 
 	c.SetRunning(true)
@@ -266,10 +295,84 @@ func (c *MatrixChannel) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	c.stopTypingSessions(ctx)
 
+	// Close crypto helper if initialized
+	if c.cryptoHelper != nil {
+		c.cryptoHelper.Close()
+		c.cryptoHelper = nil
+		c.client.Crypto = nil
+	}
+
 	logger.InfoC("matrix", "Matrix channel stopped")
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (c *MatrixChannel) initCrypto(ctx context.Context) error {
+	logger.InfoC("matrix", "Initializing crypto helper")
+
+	// Ensure the crypto database directory exists
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(c.cryptoDbPath, 0o700); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create crypto database directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create database with sqlite driver (modernc.org/sqlite)
+	dbPath := filepath.Join(c.cryptoDbPath, dbName)
+	connStr := "file:" + dbPath + "?_foreign_keys=on"
+
+	db, err := sql.Open(sqliteDriver, connStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("open crypto database: %w", err)
+	}
+	db.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
+	db.SetMaxIdleConns(1)
+
+	// Execute PRAGMA statements
+	// This is equivalent to the "sqlite3-fk-wal" dialect used by cryptohelper
+	pragmaStmts := []string{
+		"PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON",
+		"PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL",
+		"PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL",
+		"PRAGMA busy_timeout = 5000",
+	}
+	for _, pragma := range pragmaStmts {
+		if _, err = db.ExecContext(ctx, pragma); err != nil {
+			_ = db.Close()
+			return fmt.Errorf("execute %s: %w", pragma, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Wrap with dbutil for dialect support
+	wrappedDB, err := dbutil.NewWithDB(db, sqliteDriver)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = db.Close()
+		return fmt.Errorf("wrap database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cryptoHelper, err := cryptohelper.NewCryptoHelper(c.client, []byte(c.config.CryptoPassphrase), wrappedDB)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create crypto helper: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if c.client.DeviceID == "" {
+		resp, whoamiErr := c.client.Whoami(ctx)
+		if whoamiErr != nil {
+			_ = db.Close()
+			return fmt.Errorf("get device ID via whoami: %w", whoamiErr)
+		}
+		c.client.DeviceID = resp.DeviceID
+	}
+
+	if err = cryptoHelper.Init(ctx); err != nil {
+		cryptoHelper.Close()
+		return fmt.Errorf("init crypto helper: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	c.client.Crypto = cryptoHelper
+	c.cryptoHelper = cryptoHelper
+
+	logger.InfoC("matrix", "Crypto helper initialized successfully")
+	return nil
+}
+
 func markdownToHTML(md string) string {
 	p := parser.NewWithExtensions(parser.CommonExtensions | parser.AutoHeadingIDs)
 	renderer := mdhtml.NewRenderer(mdhtml.RendererOptions{Flags: mdhtml.CommonFlags})
@@ -470,10 +573,7 @@ func (c *MatrixChannel) SendPlaceholder(ctx context.Context, chatID string) (str
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("matrix room ID is empty")
 	}
 
-	text := strings.TrimSpace(c.config.Placeholder.Text)
-	if text == "" {
-		text = "Thinking... 💭"
-	}
+	text := c.config.Placeholder.GetRandomText()
 
 	resp, err := c.client.SendMessageEvent(ctx, roomID, event.EventMessage, &event.MessageEventContent{
 		MsgType: event.MsgNotice,
@@ -548,9 +648,26 @@ func (c *MatrixChannel) handleMessageEvent(ctx context.Context, evt *event.Event
 		return
 	}
 
-	msgEvt := evt.Content.AsMessage()
-	if msgEvt == nil {
-		return
+	var msgEvt *event.MessageEventContent
+	switch evt.Type {
+	case event.EventMessage:
+		// When crypto is enabled, events marked WasEncrypted=true are
+		// re-dispatched by c.cryptoHelper after decryption and will be
+		// processed again in the EventEncrypted branch. Skip to avoid duplication.
+		if c.client.Crypto != nil && evt.Mautrix.WasEncrypted {
+			return
+		}
+
+		msgEvt = evt.Content.AsMessage()
+		if msgEvt == nil || msgEvt.MsgType == "" {
+			return
+		}
+	case event.EventEncrypted:
+		var ok bool
+		msgEvt, ok = c.decryptEvent(ctx, evt)
+		if !ok {
+			return
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Ignore edits.
@@ -642,6 +759,36 @@ func (c *MatrixChannel) handleMessageEvent(ctx context.Context, evt *event.Event
 	)
 }
 
+// decryptEvent decrypts an encrypted event and returns the decrypted message event content.
+// It returns the decrypted content and a boolean indicating whether decryption was successful.
+func (c *MatrixChannel) decryptEvent(ctx context.Context, evt *event.Event) (*event.MessageEventContent, bool) {
+	if c.client.Crypto == nil {
+		logger.DebugCF("matrix", "Received encrypted message but crypto is not enabled", map[string]any{
+			"room_id": evt.RoomID.String(),
+		})
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	decrypted, err := c.client.Crypto.Decrypt(ctx, evt)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("matrix", "Failed to decrypt message", map[string]any{
+			"room_id": evt.RoomID.String(),
+			"error":   err.Error(),
+		})
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	if decrypted.Type != event.EventMessage {
+		logger.DebugCF("matrix", "Decrypted event is not a message event", map[string]any{
+			"room_id": evt.RoomID.String(),
+			"type":    decrypted.Type.String(),
+		})
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	return decrypted.Content.AsMessage(), true
+}
+
 func (c *MatrixChannel) extractInboundContent(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	msgEvt *event.MessageEventContent,
@@ -692,6 +839,9 @@ func (c *MatrixChannel) extractInboundMedia(
 
 func (c *MatrixChannel) storeMedia(localPath string, meta media.MediaMeta, scope string) string {
 	if store := c.GetMediaStore(); store != nil {
+		if meta.CleanupPolicy == "" {
+			meta.CleanupPolicy = media.CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup
+		}
 		ref, err := store.Store(localPath, meta, scope)
 		if err == nil {
 			return ref
diff --git a/pkg/channels/onebot/onebot.go b/pkg/channels/onebot/onebot.go
index 62a9eb34a..048be48eb 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/onebot/onebot.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/onebot/onebot.go
@@ -184,8 +184,8 @@ func (c *OneBotChannel) connect() error {
 	dialer.HandshakeTimeout = 10 * time.Second
 
 	header := make(map[string][]string)
-	if c.config.AccessToken != "" {
-		header["Authorization"] = []string{"Bearer " + c.config.AccessToken}
+	if c.config.AccessToken() != "" {
+		header["Authorization"] = []string{"Bearer " + c.config.AccessToken()}
 	}
 
 	conn, resp, err := dialer.Dial(c.config.WSUrl, header)
@@ -749,8 +749,9 @@ func (c *OneBotChannel) parseMessageSegments(
 	storeFile := func(localPath, filename string) string {
 		if store != nil {
 			ref, err := store.Store(localPath, media.MediaMeta{
-				Filename: filename,
-				Source:   "onebot",
+				Filename:      filename,
+				Source:        "onebot",
+				CleanupPolicy: media.CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
 			}, scope)
 			if err == nil {
 				return ref
diff --git a/pkg/channels/pico/pico.go b/pkg/channels/pico/pico.go
index 77e7bbdb6..1aa1941cf 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/pico/pico.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/pico/pico.go
@@ -54,17 +54,18 @@ func (pc *picoConn) close() {
 // It serves as the reference implementation for all optional capability interfaces.
 type PicoChannel struct {
 	*channels.BaseChannel
-	config      config.PicoConfig
-	upgrader    websocket.Upgrader
-	connections sync.Map // connID → *picoConn
-	connCount   atomic.Int32
-	ctx         context.Context
-	cancel      context.CancelFunc
+	config             config.PicoConfig
+	upgrader           websocket.Upgrader
+	connections        map[string]*picoConn            // connID -> *picoConn
+	sessionConnections map[string]map[string]*picoConn // sessionID -> connID -> *picoConn
+	connsMu            sync.RWMutex
+	ctx                context.Context
+	cancel             context.CancelFunc
 }
 
 // NewPicoChannel creates a new Pico Protocol channel.
 func NewPicoChannel(cfg config.PicoConfig, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) (*PicoChannel, error) {
-	if cfg.Token == "" {
+	if cfg.Token() == "" {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pico token is required")
 	}
 
@@ -92,9 +93,104 @@ func NewPicoChannel(cfg config.PicoConfig, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) (*PicoCha
 			ReadBufferSize:  1024,
 			WriteBufferSize: 1024,
 		},
+		connections:        make(map[string]*picoConn),
+		sessionConnections: make(map[string]map[string]*picoConn),
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// createAndAddConnection checks MaxConnections and registers a connection atomically.
+func (c *PicoChannel) createAndAddConnection(conn *websocket.Conn, sessionID string, maxConns int) (*picoConn, error) {
+	c.connsMu.Lock()
+	defer c.connsMu.Unlock()
+	if len(c.connections) >= maxConns {
+		return nil, channels.ErrTemporary
+	}
+
+	var connID string
+	for {
+		connID = uuid.New().String()
+		if _, exists := c.connections[connID]; !exists {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	pc := &picoConn{
+		id:        connID,
+		conn:      conn,
+		sessionID: sessionID,
+	}
+
+	c.connections[pc.id] = pc
+	bySession, ok := c.sessionConnections[pc.sessionID]
+	if !ok {
+		bySession = make(map[string]*picoConn)
+		c.sessionConnections[pc.sessionID] = bySession
+	}
+	bySession[pc.id] = pc
+
+	return pc, nil
+}
+
+// removeConnection deletes a connection from indexes and returns it when found.
+func (c *PicoChannel) removeConnection(connID string) *picoConn {
+	c.connsMu.Lock()
+	defer c.connsMu.Unlock()
+
+	pc, ok := c.connections[connID]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	delete(c.connections, connID)
+	if bySession, ok := c.sessionConnections[pc.sessionID]; ok {
+		delete(bySession, connID)
+		if len(bySession) == 0 {
+			delete(c.sessionConnections, pc.sessionID)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return pc
+}
+
+// takeAllConnections snapshots and clears all connection indexes.
+func (c *PicoChannel) takeAllConnections() []*picoConn {
+	c.connsMu.Lock()
+	defer c.connsMu.Unlock()
+
+	all := make([]*picoConn, 0, len(c.connections))
+	for _, pc := range c.connections {
+		all = append(all, pc)
+	}
+	clear(c.connections)
+	clear(c.sessionConnections)
+
+	return all
+}
+
+// sessionConnectionsSnapshot returns all active connections for a session.
+func (c *PicoChannel) sessionConnectionsSnapshot(sessionID string) []*picoConn {
+	c.connsMu.RLock()
+	defer c.connsMu.RUnlock()
+
+	bySession, ok := c.sessionConnections[sessionID]
+	if !ok || len(bySession) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	conns := make([]*picoConn, 0, len(bySession))
+	for _, pc := range bySession {
+		conns = append(conns, pc)
+	}
+	return conns
+}
+
+// currentConnCount returns a lock-protected snapshot of active connection count.
+func (c *PicoChannel) currentConnCount() int {
+	c.connsMu.RLock()
+	defer c.connsMu.RUnlock()
+	return len(c.connections)
+}
+
 // Start implements Channel.
 func (c *PicoChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 	logger.InfoC("pico", "Starting Pico Protocol channel")
@@ -110,13 +206,9 @@ func (c *PicoChannel) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	c.SetRunning(false)
 
 	// Close all connections
-	c.connections.Range(func(key, value any) bool {
-		if pc, ok := value.(*picoConn); ok {
-			pc.close()
-		}
-		c.connections.Delete(key)
-		return true
-	})
+	for _, pc := range c.takeAllConnections() {
+		pc.close()
+	}
 
 	if c.cancel != nil {
 		c.cancel()
@@ -133,8 +225,8 @@ func (c *PicoChannel) WebhookPath() string { return "/pico/" }
 func (c *PicoChannel) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	path := strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/pico")
 
-	switch {
-	case path == "/ws" || path == "/ws/":
+	switch path {
+	case "/ws", "/ws/":
 		c.handleWebSocket(w, r)
 	default:
 		http.NotFound(w, r)
@@ -183,10 +275,7 @@ func (c *PicoChannel) SendPlaceholder(ctx context.Context, chatID string) (strin
 		return "", nil
 	}
 
-	text := c.config.Placeholder.Text
-	if text == "" {
-		text = "Thinking... 💭"
-	}
+	text := c.config.Placeholder.GetRandomText()
 
 	msgID := uuid.New().String()
 	outMsg := newMessage(TypeMessageCreate, map[string]any{
@@ -208,23 +297,16 @@ func (c *PicoChannel) broadcastToSession(chatID string, msg PicoMessage) error {
 	msg.SessionID = sessionID
 
 	var sent bool
-	c.connections.Range(func(key, value any) bool {
-		pc, ok := value.(*picoConn)
-		if !ok {
-			return true
+	for _, pc := range c.sessionConnectionsSnapshot(sessionID) {
+		if err := pc.writeJSON(msg); err != nil {
+			logger.DebugCF("pico", "Write to connection failed", map[string]any{
+				"conn_id": pc.id,
+				"error":   err.Error(),
+			})
+		} else {
+			sent = true
 		}
-		if pc.sessionID == sessionID {
-			if err := pc.writeJSON(msg); err != nil {
-				logger.DebugCF("pico", "Write to connection failed", map[string]any{
-					"conn_id": pc.id,
-					"error":   err.Error(),
-				})
-			} else {
-				sent = true
-			}
-		}
-		return true
-	})
+	}
 
 	if !sent {
 		return fmt.Errorf("no active connections for session %s: %w", sessionID, channels.ErrSendFailed)
@@ -250,7 +332,7 @@ func (c *PicoChannel) handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if maxConns <= 0 {
 		maxConns = 100
 	}
-	if int(c.connCount.Load()) >= maxConns {
+	if c.currentConnCount() >= maxConns {
 		http.Error(w, "too many connections", http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
 		return
 	}
@@ -275,15 +357,17 @@ func (c *PicoChannel) handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		sessionID = uuid.New().String()
 	}
 
-	pc := &picoConn{
-		id:        uuid.New().String(),
-		conn:      conn,
-		sessionID: sessionID,
+	pc, err := c.createAndAddConnection(conn, sessionID, maxConns)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = conn.WriteControl(
+			websocket.CloseMessage,
+			websocket.FormatCloseMessage(websocket.CloseTryAgainLater, "too many connections"),
+			time.Now().Add(2*time.Second),
+		)
+		_ = conn.Close()
+		return
 	}
 
-	c.connections.Store(pc.id, pc)
-	c.connCount.Add(1)
-
 	logger.InfoCF("pico", "WebSocket client connected", map[string]any{
 		"conn_id":    pc.id,
 		"session_id": sessionID,
@@ -297,7 +381,7 @@ func (c *PicoChannel) handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 //  2. Sec-WebSocket-Protocol "token.<value>" (for browsers that can't set headers)
 //  3. Query parameter "token" (only when AllowTokenQuery is on)
 func (c *PicoChannel) authenticate(r *http.Request) bool {
-	token := c.config.Token
+	token := c.config.Token()
 	if token == "" {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -328,7 +412,7 @@ func (c *PicoChannel) authenticate(r *http.Request) bool {
 // matchedSubprotocol returns the "token.<value>" subprotocol that matches
 // the configured token, or "" if none do.
 func (c *PicoChannel) matchedSubprotocol(r *http.Request) string {
-	token := c.config.Token
+	token := c.config.Token()
 	for _, proto := range websocket.Subprotocols(r) {
 		if after, ok := strings.CutPrefix(proto, "token."); ok && after == token {
 			return proto
@@ -341,12 +425,12 @@ func (c *PicoChannel) matchedSubprotocol(r *http.Request) string {
 func (c *PicoChannel) readLoop(pc *picoConn) {
 	defer func() {
 		pc.close()
-		c.connections.Delete(pc.id)
-		c.connCount.Add(-1)
-		logger.InfoCF("pico", "WebSocket client disconnected", map[string]any{
-			"conn_id":    pc.id,
-			"session_id": pc.sessionID,
-		})
+		if removed := c.removeConnection(pc.id); removed != nil {
+			logger.InfoCF("pico", "WebSocket client disconnected", map[string]any{
+				"conn_id":    removed.id,
+				"session_id": removed.sessionID,
+			})
+		}
 	}()
 
 	readTimeout := time.Duration(c.config.ReadTimeout) * time.Second
diff --git a/pkg/channels/pico/pico_test.go b/pkg/channels/pico/pico_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e712767ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/pico/pico_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package pico
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+func newTestPicoChannel(t *testing.T) *PicoChannel {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cfg := config.PicoConfig{}
+	cfg.SetToken("test-token")
+	ch, err := NewPicoChannel(cfg, bus.NewMessageBus())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NewPicoChannel: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ch.ctx = context.Background()
+	return ch
+}
+
+func TestCreateAndAddConnection_RespectsMaxConnectionsConcurrently(t *testing.T) {
+	ch := newTestPicoChannel(t)
+
+	const (
+		maxConns   = 5
+		goroutines = 64
+		sessionID  = "session-a"
+	)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	successCount := 0
+	errCount := 0
+
+	wg.Add(goroutines)
+	for i := 0; i < goroutines; i++ {
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+
+			pc, err := ch.createAndAddConnection(nil, sessionID, maxConns)
+			mu.Lock()
+			defer mu.Unlock()
+
+			if err == nil {
+				successCount++
+				if pc == nil {
+					t.Errorf("pc is nil on success")
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if !errors.Is(err, channels.ErrTemporary) {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+				return
+			}
+			errCount++
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	if successCount > maxConns {
+		t.Fatalf("successCount=%d > maxConns=%d", successCount, maxConns)
+	}
+	if successCount+errCount != goroutines {
+		t.Fatalf("success=%d err=%d total=%d want=%d", successCount, errCount, successCount+errCount, goroutines)
+	}
+	if got := ch.currentConnCount(); got != maxConns {
+		t.Fatalf("currentConnCount=%d want=%d", got, maxConns)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRemoveConnection_CleansBothIndexes(t *testing.T) {
+	ch := newTestPicoChannel(t)
+
+	pc, err := ch.createAndAddConnection(nil, "session-cleanup", 10)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("createAndAddConnection: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	removed := ch.removeConnection(pc.id)
+	if removed == nil {
+		t.Fatal("removeConnection returned nil")
+	}
+
+	ch.connsMu.RLock()
+	defer ch.connsMu.RUnlock()
+
+	if _, ok := ch.connections[pc.id]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("connID %s still exists in connections", pc.id)
+	}
+	if _, ok := ch.sessionConnections[pc.sessionID]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("session %s still exists in sessionConnections", pc.sessionID)
+	}
+	if got := len(ch.connections); got != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("len(connections)=%d want=0", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBroadcastToSession_TargetsOnlyRequestedSession(t *testing.T) {
+	ch := newTestPicoChannel(t)
+
+	target := &picoConn{id: "target", sessionID: "s-target"}
+	target.closed.Store(true)
+	ch.addConnForTest(target)
+
+	other := &picoConn{id: "other", sessionID: "s-other"}
+	ch.addConnForTest(other)
+
+	err := ch.broadcastToSession("pico:s-target", newMessage(TypeMessageCreate, map[string]any{"content": "hello"}))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected send failure due to closed target connection")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, channels.ErrSendFailed) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected ErrSendFailed, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *PicoChannel) addConnForTest(pc *picoConn) {
+	c.connsMu.Lock()
+	defer c.connsMu.Unlock()
+	if c.connections == nil {
+		c.connections = make(map[string]*picoConn)
+	}
+	if c.sessionConnections == nil {
+		c.sessionConnections = make(map[string]map[string]*picoConn)
+	}
+	if _, exists := c.connections[pc.id]; exists {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("duplicate conn id in test: %s", pc.id))
+	}
+	c.connections[pc.id] = pc
+	bySession, ok := c.sessionConnections[pc.sessionID]
+	if !ok {
+		bySession = make(map[string]*picoConn)
+		c.sessionConnections[pc.sessionID] = bySession
+	}
+	bySession[pc.id] = pc
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/qq/audio_duration.go b/pkg/channels/qq/audio_duration.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28a9b2e83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/qq/audio_duration.go
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+package qq
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const qqVoiceMaxDuration = 60 * time.Second
+
+func qqAudioDuration(localPath, filename, contentType string) (time.Duration, bool, error) {
+	if localPath == "" {
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+
+	switch qqAudioDurationFormat(localPath, filename, contentType) {
+	case "wav":
+		return qqWAVDuration(localPath)
+	case "ogg":
+		return qqOggDuration(localPath)
+	default:
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func qqAudioDurationFormat(localPath, filename, contentType string) string {
+	contentType = strings.ToLower(contentType)
+
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(contentType, "audio/wav"), strings.HasPrefix(contentType, "audio/x-wav"):
+		return "wav"
+	case strings.HasPrefix(contentType, "audio/ogg"),
+		contentType == "application/ogg",
+		contentType == "application/x-ogg":
+		return "ogg"
+	}
+
+	switch filepath.Ext(strings.ToLower(filename)) {
+	case ".wav":
+		return "wav"
+	case ".ogg", ".opus":
+		return "ogg"
+	}
+
+	switch filepath.Ext(strings.ToLower(localPath)) {
+	case ".wav":
+		return "wav"
+	case ".ogg", ".opus":
+		return "ogg"
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}
+
+func qqWAVDuration(localPath string) (time.Duration, bool, error) {
+	file, err := os.Open(localPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, false, err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	var header [12]byte
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(file, header[:]); err != nil {
+		return 0, false, err
+	}
+
+	var order binary.ByteOrder
+	switch string(header[:4]) {
+	case "RIFF":
+		order = binary.LittleEndian
+	case "RIFX":
+		order = binary.BigEndian
+	default:
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+
+	if string(header[8:12]) != "WAVE" {
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+
+	var byteRate uint32
+	var dataSize uint32
+	var foundFmt bool
+	var foundData bool
+
+	for {
+		var chunkHeader [8]byte
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(file, chunkHeader[:]); err != nil {
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				break
+			}
+			return 0, false, err
+		}
+
+		chunkSize := order.Uint32(chunkHeader[4:8])
+		switch string(chunkHeader[:4]) {
+		case "fmt ":
+			chunkData := make([]byte, chunkSize)
+			if _, err := io.ReadFull(file, chunkData); err != nil {
+				return 0, false, err
+			}
+			if len(chunkData) >= 12 {
+				byteRate = order.Uint32(chunkData[8:12])
+				foundFmt = true
+			}
+		case "data":
+			dataSize = chunkSize
+			foundData = true
+			if _, err := io.CopyN(io.Discard, file, int64(chunkSize)); err != nil {
+				return 0, false, err
+			}
+		default:
+			if _, err := io.CopyN(io.Discard, file, int64(chunkSize)); err != nil {
+				return 0, false, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if chunkSize%2 == 1 {
+			if _, err := io.CopyN(io.Discard, file, 1); err != nil {
+				return 0, false, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if foundFmt && foundData {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !foundFmt || !foundData || byteRate == 0 {
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+
+	durationNS := int64(dataSize) * int64(time.Second) / int64(byteRate)
+	return time.Duration(durationNS), true, nil
+}
+
+func qqOggDuration(localPath string) (time.Duration, bool, error) {
+	file, err := os.Open(localPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, false, err
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	var firstPacket []byte
+	var codec string
+	var sampleRate uint32
+	var lastGranule uint64
+	var haveGranule bool
+
+	for {
+		var header [27]byte
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(file, header[:]); err != nil {
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				break
+			}
+			return 0, false, err
+		}
+
+		if string(header[:4]) != "OggS" {
+			return 0, false, nil
+		}
+
+		pageSegments := int(header[26])
+		segments := make([]byte, pageSegments)
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(file, segments); err != nil {
+			return 0, false, err
+		}
+
+		payloadLen := 0
+		for _, segLen := range segments {
+			payloadLen += int(segLen)
+		}
+
+		payload := make([]byte, payloadLen)
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(file, payload); err != nil {
+			return 0, false, err
+		}
+
+		granule := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(header[6:14])
+		if granule != ^uint64(0) {
+			lastGranule = granule
+			haveGranule = true
+		}
+
+		if codec == "" {
+			offset := 0
+			for _, segLen := range segments {
+				firstPacket = append(firstPacket, payload[offset:offset+int(segLen)]...)
+				offset += int(segLen)
+				if segLen < 255 {
+					codec, sampleRate = qqParseOggCodec(firstPacket)
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !haveGranule || codec == "" {
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+
+	switch codec {
+	case "opus":
+		return time.Duration(lastGranule) * time.Second / 48000, true, nil
+	case "vorbis":
+		if sampleRate == 0 {
+			return 0, false, nil
+		}
+		return time.Duration(lastGranule) * time.Second / time.Duration(sampleRate), true, nil
+	default:
+		return 0, false, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func qqParseOggCodec(packet []byte) (string, uint32) {
+	if len(packet) >= 8 && string(packet[:8]) == "OpusHead" {
+		return "opus", 48000
+	}
+
+	if len(packet) >= 16 && packet[0] == 0x01 && string(packet[1:7]) == "vorbis" {
+		sampleRate := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(packet[12:16])
+		if sampleRate > 0 {
+			return "vorbis", sampleRate
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", 0
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/qq/qq.go b/pkg/channels/qq/qq.go
index 1a48369f8..4ea71f6df 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/qq/qq.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/qq/qq.go
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func NewQQChannel(cfg config.QQConfig, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) (*QQChannel,
 }
 
 func (c *QQChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	if c.config.AppID == "" || c.config.AppSecret == "" {
+	if c.config.AppID == "" || c.config.AppSecret() == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("QQ app_id and app_secret not configured")
 	}
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func (c *QQChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 	// create token source
 	credentials := &token.QQBotCredentials{
 		AppID:     c.config.AppID,
-		AppSecret: c.config.AppSecret,
+		AppSecret: c.config.AppSecret(),
 	}
 	c.tokenSource = token.NewQQBotTokenSource(credentials)
 
@@ -357,6 +357,7 @@ type qqMediaUpload struct {
 	FileType   uint64 `json:"file_type"`
 	URL        string `json:"url,omitempty"`
 	FileData   string `json:"file_data,omitempty"`
+	FileName   string `json:"file_name,omitempty"`
 	SrvSendMsg bool   `json:"srv_send_msg,omitempty"`
 }
 
@@ -387,13 +388,13 @@ func (c *QQChannel) uploadMedia(
 }
 
 func (c *QQChannel) buildMediaUpload(part bus.MediaPart) (*qqMediaUpload, error) {
-	payload := &qqMediaUpload{
-		FileType: qqFileType(part.Type),
-	}
+	payload := &qqMediaUpload{}
 
 	mediaRef := part.Ref
 	if isHTTPURL(mediaRef) {
+		payload.FileType = qqFileType(c.outboundMediaType(part, ""))
 		payload.URL = mediaRef
+		payload.FileName = qqUploadFilename(part, mediaRef, payload.FileType)
 		return payload, nil
 	}
 
@@ -402,15 +403,25 @@ func (c *QQChannel) buildMediaUpload(part bus.MediaPart) (*qqMediaUpload, error)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no media store available: %w", channels.ErrSendFailed)
 	}
 
-	resolved, err := store.Resolve(part.Ref)
+	resolved, meta, err := store.ResolveWithMeta(part.Ref)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("qq resolve media ref %q: %v: %w", part.Ref, err, channels.ErrSendFailed)
 	}
+	if part.Filename == "" {
+		part.Filename = meta.Filename
+	}
+	if part.ContentType == "" {
+		part.ContentType = meta.ContentType
+	}
 
 	if isHTTPURL(resolved) {
+		payload.FileType = qqFileType(c.outboundMediaType(part, ""))
 		payload.URL = resolved
+		payload.FileName = qqUploadFilename(part, resolved, payload.FileType)
 		return payload, nil
 	}
+	payload.FileType = qqFileType(c.outboundMediaType(part, resolved))
+	payload.FileName = qqUploadFilename(part, resolved, payload.FileType)
 
 	if limitBytes := c.maxBase64FileSizeBytes(); limitBytes > 0 {
 		info, statErr := os.Stat(resolved)
@@ -437,6 +448,70 @@ func (c *QQChannel) buildMediaUpload(part bus.MediaPart) (*qqMediaUpload, error)
 	return payload, nil
 }
 
+func qqUploadFilename(part bus.MediaPart, resolved string, fileType uint64) string {
+	if fileType != qqFileType("file") {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if part.Filename != "" {
+		return part.Filename
+	}
+	if isHTTPURL(resolved) {
+		if parsed, err := url.Parse(resolved); err == nil {
+			if base := path.Base(parsed.Path); base != "" && base != "." && base != "/" {
+				return base
+			}
+		}
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	if base := filepath.Base(resolved); base != "" && base != "." {
+		return base
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (c *QQChannel) outboundMediaType(part bus.MediaPart, localPath string) string {
+	if part.Type != "audio" {
+		return part.Type
+	}
+
+	if localPath == "" {
+		logger.InfoCF("qq", "Sending audio as file because duration is unavailable", map[string]any{
+			"ref":      part.Ref,
+			"filename": part.Filename,
+		})
+		return "file"
+	}
+
+	duration, ok, err := qqAudioDuration(localPath, part.Filename, part.ContentType)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("qq", "Failed to detect audio duration, sending as file", map[string]any{
+			"ref":      part.Ref,
+			"filename": part.Filename,
+			"error":    err.Error(),
+		})
+		return "file"
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		logger.InfoCF("qq", "Sending audio as file because duration is unavailable", map[string]any{
+			"ref":      part.Ref,
+			"filename": part.Filename,
+		})
+		return "file"
+	}
+	if duration > qqVoiceMaxDuration {
+		logger.InfoCF("qq", "Sending audio as file because it exceeds QQ voice limit", map[string]any{
+			"ref":              part.Ref,
+			"filename":         part.Filename,
+			"duration_seconds": duration.Seconds(),
+			"limit_seconds":    qqVoiceMaxDuration.Seconds(),
+		})
+		return "file"
+	}
+
+	return "audio"
+}
+
 func (c *QQChannel) sendUploadedMedia(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	chatKind, chatID string,
@@ -670,9 +745,10 @@ func (c *QQChannel) extractInboundAttachments(
 	storeMedia := func(localPath string, attachment *dto.MessageAttachment) string {
 		if store := c.GetMediaStore(); store != nil {
 			ref, err := store.Store(localPath, media.MediaMeta{
-				Filename:    qqAttachmentFilename(attachment),
-				ContentType: attachment.ContentType,
-				Source:      "qq",
+				Filename:      qqAttachmentFilename(attachment),
+				ContentType:   attachment.ContentType,
+				Source:        "qq",
+				CleanupPolicy: media.CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
 			}, scope)
 			if err == nil {
 				return ref
diff --git a/pkg/channels/qq/qq_test.go b/pkg/channels/qq/qq_test.go
index 3cb3d39bd..7ed736827 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/qq/qq_test.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/qq/qq_test.go
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 package qq
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"os"
@@ -264,6 +266,142 @@ func TestSendMedia_UploadsLocalFileAsBase64(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSendMedia_AudioAt60SecondsUsesVoiceUpload(t *testing.T) {
+	assertAudioWAVUploadType(t, 60*time.Second, 3)
+}
+
+func TestSendMedia_AudioOver60SecondsFallsBackToFileUpload(t *testing.T) {
+	assertAudioWAVUploadType(t, 61*time.Second, 4)
+}
+
+func assertAudioWAVUploadType(t *testing.T, duration time.Duration, wantFileType uint64) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+
+	localPath := writeWAVFile(t, t.TempDir(), "voice.wav", duration)
+	ref, err := store.Store(localPath, media.MediaMeta{
+		Filename:    "voice.wav",
+		ContentType: "audio/wav",
+	}, "qq:test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	api := &fakeQQAPI{
+		transportResp: mustJSON(t, dto.Message{FileInfo: []byte("file-info")}),
+	}
+	ch := &QQChannel{
+		BaseChannel: channels.NewBaseChannel("qq", nil, messageBus, nil),
+		api:         api,
+		dedup:       make(map[string]time.Time),
+		done:        make(chan struct{}),
+		ctx:         context.Background(),
+	}
+	ch.SetRunning(true)
+	ch.SetMediaStore(store)
+	ch.chatType.Store("group-1", "group")
+
+	err = ch.SendMedia(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMediaMessage{
+		ChatID: "group-1",
+		Parts: []bus.MediaPart{{
+			Type: "audio",
+			Ref:  ref,
+		}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SendMedia() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(api.transportCalls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("transportCalls = %d, want 1", len(api.transportCalls))
+	}
+	if api.transportCalls[0].body.FileType != wantFileType {
+		t.Fatalf("upload file_type = %d, want %d", api.transportCalls[0].body.FileType, wantFileType)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSendMedia_RemoteAudioFallsBackToFileUpload(t *testing.T) {
+	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	api := &fakeQQAPI{
+		transportResp: mustJSON(t, dto.Message{FileInfo: []byte("remote-file-info")}),
+	}
+	ch := &QQChannel{
+		BaseChannel: channels.NewBaseChannel("qq", nil, messageBus, nil),
+		api:         api,
+		dedup:       make(map[string]time.Time),
+		done:        make(chan struct{}),
+		ctx:         context.Background(),
+	}
+	ch.SetRunning(true)
+	ch.chatType.Store("user-1", "direct")
+
+	err := ch.SendMedia(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMediaMessage{
+		ChatID: "user-1",
+		Parts: []bus.MediaPart{{
+			Type: "audio",
+			Ref:  "https://cdn.example.com/voice.ogg",
+		}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SendMedia() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(api.transportCalls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("transportCalls = %d, want 1", len(api.transportCalls))
+	}
+	if api.transportCalls[0].body.FileType != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("upload file_type = %d, want 4", api.transportCalls[0].body.FileType)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSendMedia_LocalAudioWithUnknownDurationFallsBackToFileUpload(t *testing.T) {
+	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+
+	localPath := writeTempFile(t, t.TempDir(), "voice.mp3", []byte("not-a-real-mp3"))
+	ref, err := store.Store(localPath, media.MediaMeta{
+		Filename:    "voice.mp3",
+		ContentType: "audio/mpeg",
+	}, "qq:test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	api := &fakeQQAPI{
+		transportResp: mustJSON(t, dto.Message{FileInfo: []byte("file-info")}),
+	}
+	ch := &QQChannel{
+		BaseChannel: channels.NewBaseChannel("qq", nil, messageBus, nil),
+		api:         api,
+		dedup:       make(map[string]time.Time),
+		done:        make(chan struct{}),
+		ctx:         context.Background(),
+	}
+	ch.SetRunning(true)
+	ch.SetMediaStore(store)
+	ch.chatType.Store("group-1", "group")
+
+	err = ch.SendMedia(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMediaMessage{
+		ChatID: "group-1",
+		Parts: []bus.MediaPart{{
+			Type: "audio",
+			Ref:  ref,
+		}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SendMedia() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(api.transportCalls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("transportCalls = %d, want 1", len(api.transportCalls))
+	}
+	if api.transportCalls[0].body.FileType != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("upload file_type = %d, want 4", api.transportCalls[0].body.FileType)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSendMedia_UsesRemoteURLUploadForC2C(t *testing.T) {
 	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
 	api := &fakeQQAPI{
@@ -306,6 +444,9 @@ func TestSendMedia_UsesRemoteURLUploadForC2C(t *testing.T) {
 	if upload.body.FileType != 4 {
 		t.Fatalf("upload file_type = %d, want 4", upload.body.FileType)
 	}
+	if upload.body.FileName != "report.pdf" {
+		t.Fatalf("upload file_name = %q, want report.pdf", upload.body.FileName)
+	}
 
 	if len(api.c2cMessages) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("c2cMessages = %d, want 1", len(api.c2cMessages))
@@ -322,6 +463,59 @@ func TestSendMedia_UsesRemoteURLUploadForC2C(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSendMedia_LocalFileUploadIncludesStoredFilename(t *testing.T) {
+	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+
+	localPath := writeTempFile(t, t.TempDir(), "report.pdf", []byte("fake-pdf"))
+	ref, err := store.Store(localPath, media.MediaMeta{
+		Filename:    "report.pdf",
+		ContentType: "application/pdf",
+	}, "qq:test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	api := &fakeQQAPI{
+		transportResp: mustJSON(t, dto.Message{FileInfo: []byte("local-file-info")}),
+	}
+	ch := &QQChannel{
+		BaseChannel: channels.NewBaseChannel("qq", nil, messageBus, nil),
+		api:         api,
+		dedup:       make(map[string]time.Time),
+		done:        make(chan struct{}),
+		ctx:         context.Background(),
+	}
+	ch.SetRunning(true)
+	ch.SetMediaStore(store)
+	ch.chatType.Store("user-1", "direct")
+
+	err = ch.SendMedia(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMediaMessage{
+		ChatID: "user-1",
+		Parts: []bus.MediaPart{{
+			Type: "file",
+			Ref:  ref,
+		}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SendMedia() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(api.transportCalls) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("transportCalls = %d, want 1", len(api.transportCalls))
+	}
+	upload := api.transportCalls[0]
+	if upload.body.FileType != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("upload file_type = %d, want 4", upload.body.FileType)
+	}
+	if upload.body.FileName != "report.pdf" {
+		t.Fatalf("upload file_name = %q, want report.pdf", upload.body.FileName)
+	}
+	if upload.body.FileData == "" {
+		t.Fatal("upload file_data = empty, want base64 payload")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSendMedia_ReturnsSendFailedWithoutMediaStore(t *testing.T) {
 	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
 	ch := &QQChannel{
@@ -494,3 +688,53 @@ func writeTempFile(t *testing.T, dir, name string, content []byte) string {
 	}
 	return path
 }
+
+func writeWAVFile(t *testing.T, dir, name string, duration time.Duration) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	const (
+		sampleRate    = 8000
+		numChannels   = 1
+		bitsPerSample = 8
+	)
+
+	dataSize := uint32(duration / time.Second * sampleRate * numChannels * (bitsPerSample / 8))
+	byteRate := uint32(sampleRate * numChannels * (bitsPerSample / 8))
+	blockAlign := uint16(numChannels * (bitsPerSample / 8))
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	buf.WriteString("RIFF")
+	if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(36)+dataSize); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("binary.Write(riff size) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	buf.WriteString("WAVE")
+	buf.WriteString("fmt ")
+	if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(16)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("binary.Write(fmt chunk size) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, uint16(1)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("binary.Write(audio format) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, uint16(numChannels)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("binary.Write(channels) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, uint32(sampleRate)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("binary.Write(sample rate) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, byteRate); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("binary.Write(byte rate) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, blockAlign); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("binary.Write(block align) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, uint16(bitsPerSample)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("binary.Write(bits per sample) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	buf.WriteString("data")
+	if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.LittleEndian, dataSize); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("binary.Write(data size) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	buf.Write(make([]byte, dataSize))
+
+	return writeTempFile(t, dir, name, buf.Bytes())
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/slack/slack.go b/pkg/channels/slack/slack.go
index 3ee849621..f03283ea4 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/slack/slack.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/slack/slack.go
@@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ type slackMessageRef struct {
 }
 
 func NewSlackChannel(cfg config.SlackConfig, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) (*SlackChannel, error) {
-	if cfg.BotToken == "" || cfg.AppToken == "" {
+	if cfg.BotToken() == "" || cfg.AppToken() == "" {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("slack bot_token and app_token are required")
 	}
 
 	api := slack.New(
-		cfg.BotToken,
-		slack.OptionAppLevelToken(cfg.AppToken),
+		cfg.BotToken(),
+		slack.OptionAppLevelToken(cfg.AppToken()),
 	)
 
 	socketClient := socketmode.New(api)
@@ -327,8 +327,9 @@ func (c *SlackChannel) handleMessageEvent(ev *slackevents.MessageEvent) {
 	storeMedia := func(localPath, filename string) string {
 		if store := c.GetMediaStore(); store != nil {
 			ref, err := store.Store(localPath, media.MediaMeta{
-				Filename: filename,
-				Source:   "slack",
+				Filename:      filename,
+				Source:        "slack",
+				CleanupPolicy: media.CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
 			}, scope)
 			if err == nil {
 				return ref
@@ -515,7 +516,7 @@ func (c *SlackChannel) downloadSlackFile(file slack.File) string {
 	return utils.DownloadFile(downloadURL, file.Name, utils.DownloadOptions{
 		LoggerPrefix: "slack",
 		ExtraHeaders: map[string]string{
-			"Authorization": "Bearer " + c.config.BotToken,
+			"Authorization": "Bearer " + c.config.BotToken(),
 		},
 	})
 }
diff --git a/pkg/channels/slack/slack_test.go b/pkg/channels/slack/slack_test.go
index 30e0d2d73..23a7ee5c4 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/slack/slack_test.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/slack/slack_test.go
@@ -102,10 +102,8 @@ func TestNewSlackChannel(t *testing.T) {
 	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
 
 	t.Run("missing bot token", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.SlackConfig{
-			BotToken: "",
-			AppToken: "xapp-test",
-		}
+		cfg := config.SlackConfig{}
+		cfg.SetAppToken("xapp-test")
 		_, err := NewSlackChannel(cfg, msgBus)
 		if err == nil {
 			t.Error("expected error for missing bot_token, got nil")
@@ -113,10 +111,8 @@ func TestNewSlackChannel(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("missing app token", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.SlackConfig{
-			BotToken: "xoxb-test",
-			AppToken: "",
-		}
+		cfg := config.SlackConfig{}
+		cfg.SetBotToken("xoxb-test")
 		_, err := NewSlackChannel(cfg, msgBus)
 		if err == nil {
 			t.Error("expected error for missing app_token, got nil")
@@ -125,10 +121,10 @@ func TestNewSlackChannel(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("valid config", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cfg := config.SlackConfig{
-			BotToken:  "xoxb-test",
-			AppToken:  "xapp-test",
 			AllowFrom: []string{"U123"},
 		}
+		cfg.SetBotToken("xoxb-test")
+		cfg.SetAppToken("xapp-test")
 		ch, err := NewSlackChannel(cfg, msgBus)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
@@ -147,10 +143,10 @@ func TestSlackChannelIsAllowed(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("empty allowlist allows all", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cfg := config.SlackConfig{
-			BotToken:  "xoxb-test",
-			AppToken:  "xapp-test",
 			AllowFrom: []string{},
 		}
+		cfg.SetBotToken("xoxb-test")
+		cfg.SetAppToken("xapp-test")
 		ch, _ := NewSlackChannel(cfg, msgBus)
 		if !ch.IsAllowed("U_ANYONE") {
 			t.Error("empty allowlist should allow all users")
@@ -159,10 +155,10 @@ func TestSlackChannelIsAllowed(t *testing.T) {
 
 	t.Run("allowlist restricts users", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cfg := config.SlackConfig{
-			BotToken:  "xoxb-test",
-			AppToken:  "xapp-test",
 			AllowFrom: []string{"U_ALLOWED"},
 		}
+		cfg.SetBotToken("xoxb-test")
+		cfg.SetAppToken("xapp-test")
 		ch, _ := NewSlackChannel(cfg, msgBus)
 		if !ch.IsAllowed("U_ALLOWED") {
 			t.Error("allowed user should pass allowlist check")
diff --git a/pkg/channels/telegram/telegram.go b/pkg/channels/telegram/telegram.go
index 3eb89c636..5adb40a7e 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/telegram/telegram.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/telegram/telegram.go
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ func NewTelegramChannel(cfg *config.Config, bus *bus.MessageBus) (*TelegramChann
 	}
 	opts = append(opts, telego.WithLogger(logger.NewLogger("telego")))
 
-	bot, err := telego.NewBot(telegramCfg.Token, opts...)
+	bot, err := telego.NewBot(telegramCfg.Token(), opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create telegram bot: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -402,10 +402,7 @@ func (c *TelegramChannel) SendPlaceholder(ctx context.Context, chatID string) (s
 		return "", nil
 	}
 
-	text := phCfg.Text
-	if text == "" {
-		text = "Thinking... 💭"
-	}
+	text := phCfg.GetRandomText()
 
 	cid, threadID, err := parseTelegramChatID(chatID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -481,13 +478,26 @@ func (c *TelegramChannel) SendMedia(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMediaMe
 				_, err = c.bot.SendDocument(ctx, docParams)
 			}
 		case "audio":
-			params := &telego.SendAudioParams{
-				ChatID:          tu.ID(chatID),
-				MessageThreadID: threadID,
-				Audio:           telego.InputFile{File: file},
-				Caption:         part.Caption,
+			// Send OGG files with "voice" in the filename as Telegram voice
+			// bubbles (SendVoice) instead of audio attachments (SendAudio).
+			fn := strings.ToLower(part.Filename)
+			if strings.Contains(fn, "voice") && (strings.HasSuffix(fn, ".ogg") || strings.HasSuffix(fn, ".oga")) {
+				vparams := &telego.SendVoiceParams{
+					ChatID:          tu.ID(chatID),
+					MessageThreadID: threadID,
+					Voice:           telego.InputFile{File: file},
+					Caption:         part.Caption,
+				}
+				_, err = c.bot.SendVoice(ctx, vparams)
+			} else {
+				params := &telego.SendAudioParams{
+					ChatID:          tu.ID(chatID),
+					MessageThreadID: threadID,
+					Audio:           telego.InputFile{File: file},
+					Caption:         part.Caption,
+				}
+				_, err = c.bot.SendAudio(ctx, params)
 			}
-			_, err = c.bot.SendAudio(ctx, params)
 		case "video":
 			params := &telego.SendVideoParams{
 				ChatID:          tu.ID(chatID),
@@ -561,8 +571,9 @@ func (c *TelegramChannel) handleMessage(ctx context.Context, message *telego.Mes
 	storeMedia := func(localPath, filename string) string {
 		if store := c.GetMediaStore(); store != nil {
 			ref, err := store.Store(localPath, media.MediaMeta{
-				Filename: filename,
-				Source:   "telegram",
+				Filename:      filename,
+				Source:        "telegram",
+				CleanupPolicy: media.CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
 			}, scope)
 			if err == nil {
 				return ref
@@ -628,8 +639,12 @@ func (c *TelegramChannel) handleMessage(ctx context.Context, message *telego.Mes
 		}
 	}
 
+	if content == "" && len(mediaPaths) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	if content == "" {
-		content = "[empty message]"
+		content = "[media only]"
 	}
 
 	// In group chats, apply unified group trigger filtering
diff --git a/pkg/channels/telegram/telegram_test.go b/pkg/channels/telegram/telegram_test.go
index 6bf1077af..fd189d9a7 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/telegram/telegram_test.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/telegram/telegram_test.go
@@ -641,3 +641,35 @@ func TestHandleMessage_ReplyThread_NonForum_NoIsolation(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Empty(t, inbound.Metadata["parent_peer_kind"])
 	assert.Empty(t, inbound.Metadata["parent_peer_id"])
 }
+
+func TestHandleMessage_EmptyContent_Ignored(t *testing.T) {
+	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	ch := &TelegramChannel{
+		BaseChannel: channels.NewBaseChannel("telegram", nil, messageBus, nil),
+		chatIDs:     make(map[string]int64),
+		ctx:         context.Background(),
+	}
+
+	// Service message with no text/caption/media (like ForumTopicCreated)
+	msg := &telego.Message{
+		MessageID: 123,
+		Chat: telego.Chat{
+			ID:   456,
+			Type: "group",
+		},
+		From: &telego.User{
+			ID:        789,
+			FirstName: "User",
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := ch.handleMessage(context.Background(), msg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Should NOT publish to message bus
+	select {
+	case <-messageBus.InboundChan():
+		t.Fatal("Empty message should not be published to message bus")
+	default:
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/aibot.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/aibot.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 2264b8492..000000000
--- a/pkg/channels/wecom/aibot.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1099 +0,0 @@
-package wecom
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"math/big"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/identity"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/utils"
-)
-
-// responseURLHTTPClient is a shared HTTP client for posting to WeCom response_url.
-// Reusing it enables connection pooling across replies.
-var responseURLHTTPClient = &http.Client{Timeout: 15 * time.Second}
-
-// WeComAIBotChannel implements the Channel interface for WeCom AI Bot (企业微信智能机器人)
-type WeComAIBotChannel struct {
-	*channels.BaseChannel
-	config      config.WeComAIBotConfig
-	ctx         context.Context
-	cancel      context.CancelFunc
-	streamTasks map[string]*streamTask   // streamID -> task (for poll lookups)
-	chatTasks   map[string][]*streamTask // chatID   -> in-flight tasks queue (FIFO)
-	taskMu      sync.RWMutex
-}
-
-// streamTask represents a streaming task for AI Bot.
-//
-// Mutable fields (Finished, StreamClosed, StreamClosedAt) must be read/written
-// while holding WeComAIBotChannel.taskMu. Immutable fields (StreamID, ChatID,
-// ResponseURL, Question, CreatedTime, Deadline, answerCh, ctx, cancel) are set
-// once at creation and never modified, so they are safe to read without a lock.
-type streamTask struct {
-	// immutable after creation
-	StreamID    string
-	ChatID      string // used by Send() to find this task
-	ResponseURL string // temporary URL for proactive reply (valid 1 hour, use once)
-	Question    string
-	CreatedTime time.Time
-	Deadline    time.Time          // ~30s, we close the stream here and switch to response_url
-	answerCh    chan string        // receives agent reply from Send()
-	ctx         context.Context    // canceled when task is removed; used to interrupt the agent goroutine
-	cancel      context.CancelFunc // call on task removal to cancel ctx
-
-	// mutable — guarded by WeComAIBotChannel.taskMu
-	StreamClosed   bool      // stream returned finish:true; waiting for agent to reply via response_url
-	StreamClosedAt time.Time // set when StreamClosed becomes true; used for accelerated cleanup
-	Finished       bool      // fully done
-}
-
-// WeComAIBotMessage represents the decrypted JSON message from WeCom AI Bot
-// Ref: https://developer.work.weixin.qq.com/document/path/100719
-type WeComAIBotMessage struct {
-	MsgID    string `json:"msgid"`
-	AIBotID  string `json:"aibotid"`
-	ChatID   string `json:"chatid"`   // only for group chat
-	ChatType string `json:"chattype"` // "single" or "group"
-	From     struct {
-		UserID string `json:"userid"`
-	} `json:"from"`
-	ResponseURL string `json:"response_url"` // temporary URL for proactive reply
-	MsgType     string `json:"msgtype"`
-	// text message
-	Text *struct {
-		Content string `json:"content"`
-	} `json:"text,omitempty"`
-	// stream polling refresh
-	Stream *struct {
-		ID string `json:"id"`
-	} `json:"stream,omitempty"`
-	// image message
-	Image *struct {
-		URL string `json:"url"`
-	} `json:"image,omitempty"`
-	// mixed message (text + image)
-	Mixed *struct {
-		MsgItem []struct {
-			MsgType string `json:"msgtype"`
-			Text    *struct {
-				Content string `json:"content"`
-			} `json:"text,omitempty"`
-			Image *struct {
-				URL string `json:"url"`
-			} `json:"image,omitempty"`
-		} `json:"msg_item"`
-	} `json:"mixed,omitempty"`
-	// event field
-	Event *struct {
-		EventType string `json:"eventtype"`
-	} `json:"event,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// WeComAIBotMsgItemImage holds the image payload inside a stream message item.
-type WeComAIBotMsgItemImage struct {
-	Base64 string `json:"base64"`
-	MD5    string `json:"md5"`
-}
-
-// WeComAIBotMsgItem is a single item inside a stream's msg_item list.
-type WeComAIBotMsgItem struct {
-	MsgType string                  `json:"msgtype"`
-	Image   *WeComAIBotMsgItemImage `json:"image,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// WeComAIBotStreamInfo represents the detailed stream content in streaming responses.
-type WeComAIBotStreamInfo struct {
-	ID      string              `json:"id"`
-	Finish  bool                `json:"finish"`
-	Content string              `json:"content,omitempty"`
-	MsgItem []WeComAIBotMsgItem `json:"msg_item,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// WeComAIBotStreamResponse represents the streaming response format
-type WeComAIBotStreamResponse struct {
-	MsgType string               `json:"msgtype"`
-	Stream  WeComAIBotStreamInfo `json:"stream"`
-}
-
-// WeComAIBotEncryptedResponse represents the encrypted response wrapper
-// Fields match WXBizJsonMsgCrypt.generate() in Python SDK
-type WeComAIBotEncryptedResponse struct {
-	Encrypt      string `json:"encrypt"`
-	MsgSignature string `json:"msgsignature"`
-	Timestamp    string `json:"timestamp"`
-	Nonce        string `json:"nonce"`
-}
-
-// NewWeComAIBotChannel creates a WeCom AI Bot channel instance.
-// If cfg.BotID and cfg.Secret are both set, it returns a WeComAIBotWSChannel
-// using the WebSocket long-connection API.
-// Otherwise it returns the webhook-mode WeComAIBotChannel (requires Token +
-// EncodingAESKey).
-func NewWeComAIBotChannel(
-	cfg config.WeComAIBotConfig,
-	messageBus *bus.MessageBus,
-) (channels.Channel, error) {
-	// WebSocket long-connection mode takes priority when BotID + Secret are set.
-	if cfg.BotID != "" && cfg.Secret != "" {
-		logger.InfoC("wecom_aibot", "BotID and Secret provided, using WebSocket mode")
-		return newWeComAIBotWSChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-	}
-	// Webhook (short-connection) mode.
-	if cfg.Token == "" || cfg.EncodingAESKey == "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
-			"WeCom AI Bot requires either (bot_id + secret) for WebSocket mode " +
-				"or (token + encoding_aes_key) for webhook mode")
-	}
-	if cfg.ProcessingMessage == "" {
-		cfg.ProcessingMessage = config.DefaultWeComAIBotProcessingMessage
-	}
-
-	base := channels.NewBaseChannel("wecom_aibot", cfg, messageBus, cfg.AllowFrom,
-		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(2048),
-		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(cfg.ReasoningChannelID),
-	)
-
-	return &WeComAIBotChannel{
-		BaseChannel: base,
-		config:      cfg,
-		streamTasks: make(map[string]*streamTask),
-		chatTasks:   make(map[string][]*streamTask),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// Name returns the channel name
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) Name() string {
-	return "wecom_aibot"
-}
-
-// Start initializes the WeCom AI Bot channel
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_aibot", "Starting WeCom AI Bot channel...")
-
-	c.ctx, c.cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
-
-	// Start cleanup goroutine for old tasks
-	go c.cleanupLoop()
-
-	c.SetRunning(true)
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_aibot", "WeCom AI Bot channel started")
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Stop gracefully stops the WeCom AI Bot channel
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_aibot", "Stopping WeCom AI Bot channel...")
-
-	if c.cancel != nil {
-		c.cancel()
-	}
-
-	c.SetRunning(false)
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_aibot", "WeCom AI Bot channel stopped")
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Send delivers the agent reply into the active streamTask for msg.ChatID.
-// It writes into the earliest unfinished task in the queue (FIFO per chatID).
-// If the stream has already closed (deadline passed), it posts directly to response_url.
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) Send(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMessage) error {
-	if !c.IsRunning() {
-		return channels.ErrNotRunning
-	}
-	c.taskMu.Lock()
-	queue := c.chatTasks[msg.ChatID]
-	// Only compact Finished tasks at the head of the queue.
-	// Tasks that are Finished in the middle are NOT removed here: doing a full
-	// scan on every Send() call would be O(n) and is unnecessary given that
-	// removeTask() always splices the task out of the queue immediately.
-	// Any Finished task left stranded in the middle (e.g. due to an unexpected
-	// code path) will be collected by cleanupOldTasks.
-	for len(queue) > 0 && queue[0].Finished {
-		queue = queue[1:]
-	}
-	c.chatTasks[msg.ChatID] = queue
-	var task *streamTask
-	var streamClosed bool
-	var responseURL string
-	if len(queue) > 0 {
-		task = queue[0]
-		// Read mutable fields while holding c.taskMu to avoid data races.
-		streamClosed = task.StreamClosed
-		responseURL = task.ResponseURL
-	}
-	c.taskMu.Unlock()
-
-	if task == nil {
-		logger.DebugCF(
-			"wecom_aibot",
-			"Send: no active task for chat (may have timed out)",
-			map[string]any{
-				"chat_id": msg.ChatID,
-			},
-		)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if streamClosed {
-		// Stream already ended with a "please wait" notice; send the real reply via response_url.
-		// Note: task.StreamID and task.ChatID are immutable, safe to read without a lock.
-		logger.InfoCF("wecom_aibot", "Sending reply via response_url", map[string]any{
-			"stream_id": task.StreamID,
-			"chat_id":   msg.ChatID,
-		})
-		if responseURL != "" {
-			if err := c.sendViaResponseURL(responseURL, msg.Content); err != nil {
-				logger.ErrorCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to send via response_url", map[string]any{
-					"error":     err,
-					"stream_id": task.StreamID,
-				})
-				c.removeTask(task)
-				return fmt.Errorf("response_url delivery failed: %w", channels.ErrSendFailed)
-			}
-		} else {
-			logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Stream closed but no response_url available", map[string]any{
-				"stream_id": task.StreamID,
-			})
-		}
-		c.removeTask(task)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Stream still open: deliver via answerCh for the next poll response.
-	select {
-	case task.answerCh <- msg.Content:
-	case <-task.ctx.Done():
-		// Task was canceled (cleanup removed it); silently drop the reply.
-		return nil
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		return ctx.Err()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// WebhookPath returns the path for registering on the shared HTTP server
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) WebhookPath() string {
-	if c.config.WebhookPath == "" {
-		return "/webhook/wecom-aibot"
-	}
-	return c.config.WebhookPath
-}
-
-// ServeHTTP implements http.Handler for the shared HTTP server
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	c.handleWebhook(w, r)
-}
-
-// HealthPath returns the health check endpoint path
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) HealthPath() string {
-	return c.WebhookPath() + "/health"
-}
-
-// HealthHandler handles health check requests
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) HealthHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	c.handleHealth(w, r)
-}
-
-// handleWebhook handles incoming webhook requests from WeCom AI Bot
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) handleWebhook(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	ctx := r.Context()
-
-	// Log all incoming requests for debugging
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Received webhook request", map[string]any{
-		"method": r.Method,
-		"path":   r.URL.Path,
-		"query":  r.URL.RawQuery,
-	})
-
-	switch r.Method {
-	case http.MethodGet:
-		// URL verification
-		c.handleVerification(ctx, w, r)
-	case http.MethodPost:
-		// Message callback
-		c.handleMessageCallback(ctx, w, r)
-	default:
-		http.Error(w, "Method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
-	}
-}
-
-// handleVerification handles the URL verification request from WeCom
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) handleVerification(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	w http.ResponseWriter,
-	r *http.Request,
-) {
-	msgSignature := r.URL.Query().Get("msg_signature")
-	timestamp := r.URL.Query().Get("timestamp")
-	nonce := r.URL.Query().Get("nonce")
-	echostr := r.URL.Query().Get("echostr")
-
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "URL verification request", map[string]any{
-		"msg_signature": msgSignature,
-		"timestamp":     timestamp,
-		"nonce":         nonce,
-	})
-
-	// Verify signature
-	if !verifySignature(c.config.Token, msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, echostr) {
-		logger.ErrorC("wecom_aibot", "Signature verification failed")
-		http.Error(w, "Signature verification failed", http.StatusUnauthorized)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Decrypt echostr
-	// For WeCom AI Bot (智能机器人), receiveid should be empty string
-	decrypted, err := decryptMessageWithVerify(echostr, c.config.EncodingAESKey, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to decrypt echostr", map[string]any{
-			"error": err,
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Decryption failed", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Remove BOM and whitespace as per WeCom documentation
-	decrypted = strings.TrimPrefix(decrypted, "\ufeff")
-	decrypted = strings.TrimSpace(decrypted)
-
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_aibot", "URL verification successful")
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	w.Write([]byte(decrypted))
-}
-
-// handleMessageCallback handles incoming messages from WeCom AI Bot
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) handleMessageCallback(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	w http.ResponseWriter,
-	r *http.Request,
-) {
-	msgSignature := r.URL.Query().Get("msg_signature")
-	timestamp := r.URL.Query().Get("timestamp")
-	nonce := r.URL.Query().Get("nonce")
-
-	// Read request body (limit to 4 MB to prevent memory exhaustion)
-	const maxBodySize = 4 << 20 // 4 MB
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(r.Body, maxBodySize+1))
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to read request body", map[string]any{
-			"error": err,
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Failed to read body", http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-	if len(body) > maxBodySize {
-		http.Error(w, "Request body too large", http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Parse JSON body to get encrypted message
-	// Format: {"encrypt": "base64_encrypted_string"}
-	var encryptedMsg struct {
-		Encrypt string `json:"encrypt"`
-	}
-	if unmarshalErr := json.Unmarshal(body, &encryptedMsg); unmarshalErr != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to parse JSON body", map[string]any{
-			"error": unmarshalErr,
-			"body":  string(body),
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Failed to parse JSON", http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Verify signature
-	if !verifySignature(c.config.Token, msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, encryptedMsg.Encrypt) {
-		logger.ErrorC("wecom_aibot", "Signature verification failed")
-		http.Error(w, "Signature verification failed", http.StatusUnauthorized)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Decrypt message
-	// For WeCom AI Bot (智能机器人), receiveid is empty string
-	decrypted, err := decryptMessageWithVerify(encryptedMsg.Encrypt, c.config.EncodingAESKey, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to decrypt message", map[string]any{
-			"error": err,
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Decryption failed", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Parse decrypted JSON message
-	var msg WeComAIBotMessage
-	if unmarshalErr := json.Unmarshal([]byte(decrypted), &msg); unmarshalErr != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to parse decrypted JSON", map[string]any{
-			"error":     unmarshalErr,
-			"decrypted": decrypted,
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Failed to parse message", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Decrypted message", map[string]any{
-		"msgtype": msg.MsgType,
-	})
-
-	// Process the message and get streaming response
-	response := c.processMessage(ctx, msg, timestamp, nonce)
-
-	// Check if response is empty (e.g. due to unsupported message type)
-	if response == "" {
-		response = c.encryptEmptyResponse(timestamp, nonce)
-	}
-
-	// Return encrypted JSON response
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	w.Write([]byte(response))
-}
-
-// processMessage processes the received message and returns encrypted response
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) processMessage(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	msg WeComAIBotMessage,
-	timestamp, nonce string,
-) string {
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Processing message", map[string]any{
-		"msgtype": msg.MsgType,
-	})
-
-	switch msg.MsgType {
-	case "text":
-		return c.handleTextMessage(ctx, msg, timestamp, nonce)
-	case "stream":
-		return c.handleStreamMessage(ctx, msg, timestamp, nonce)
-	case "image":
-		return c.handleImageMessage(ctx, msg, timestamp, nonce)
-	case "mixed":
-		return c.handleMixedMessage(ctx, msg, timestamp, nonce)
-	case "event":
-		return c.handleEventMessage(ctx, msg, timestamp, nonce)
-	default:
-		logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Unsupported message type", map[string]any{
-			"msgtype": msg.MsgType,
-		})
-		return c.encryptResponse("", timestamp, nonce, WeComAIBotStreamResponse{
-			MsgType: "stream",
-			Stream: WeComAIBotStreamInfo{
-				ID:      c.generateStreamID(),
-				Finish:  true,
-				Content: "Unsupported message type: " + msg.MsgType,
-			},
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// handleTextMessage handles text messages by starting a new streaming task
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) handleTextMessage(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	msg WeComAIBotMessage,
-	timestamp, nonce string,
-) string {
-	if msg.Text == nil {
-		logger.ErrorC("wecom_aibot", "text message missing text field")
-		return c.encryptEmptyResponse(timestamp, nonce)
-	}
-
-	content := msg.Text.Content
-	userID := msg.From.UserID
-	if userID == "" {
-		userID = "unknown"
-	}
-
-	// chatID: group chat uses chatid, single chat uses userid
-	chatID := msg.ChatID
-	if chatID == "" {
-		chatID = userID
-	}
-
-	streamID := c.generateStreamID()
-
-	// WeCom stops sending stream-refresh callbacks after 6 minutes.
-	// Set a slightly shorter deadline so we can send a timeout notice before it gives up.
-	deadline := time.Now().Add(30 * time.Second)
-
-	// Each task gets its own context derived from the channel lifetime context.
-	// Canceling taskCancel interrupts the agent goroutine when the task is removed.
-	taskCtx, taskCancel := context.WithCancel(c.ctx)
-
-	task := &streamTask{
-		StreamID:    streamID,
-		ChatID:      chatID,
-		ResponseURL: msg.ResponseURL,
-		Question:    content,
-		CreatedTime: time.Now(),
-		Deadline:    deadline,
-		Finished:    false,
-		answerCh:    make(chan string, 1),
-		ctx:         taskCtx,
-		cancel:      taskCancel,
-	}
-
-	c.taskMu.Lock()
-	c.streamTasks[streamID] = task
-	c.chatTasks[chatID] = append(c.chatTasks[chatID], task)
-	c.taskMu.Unlock()
-
-	// Publish to agent asynchronously; agent will call Send() with reply.
-	// Use task.ctx (not c.ctx) so the agent goroutine is canceled when the task is removed.
-	go func() {
-		sender := bus.SenderInfo{
-			Platform:    "wecom_aibot",
-			PlatformID:  userID,
-			CanonicalID: identity.BuildCanonicalID("wecom_aibot", userID),
-			DisplayName: userID,
-		}
-		peerKind := "direct"
-		if msg.ChatType == "group" {
-			peerKind = "group"
-		}
-		peer := bus.Peer{Kind: peerKind, ID: chatID}
-		metadata := map[string]string{
-			"channel":      "wecom_aibot",
-			"chat_type":    msg.ChatType,
-			"msg_type":     "text",
-			"msgid":        msg.MsgID,
-			"aibotid":      msg.AIBotID,
-			"stream_id":    streamID,
-			"response_url": msg.ResponseURL,
-		}
-		c.HandleMessage(task.ctx, peer, msg.MsgID, userID, chatID,
-			content, nil, metadata, sender)
-	}()
-
-	// Return first streaming response immediately (finish=false, content empty)
-	return c.getStreamResponse(task, timestamp, nonce)
-}
-
-// handleStreamMessage handles stream polling requests
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) handleStreamMessage(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	msg WeComAIBotMessage,
-	timestamp, nonce string,
-) string {
-	if msg.Stream == nil {
-		logger.ErrorC("wecom_aibot", "Stream message missing stream field")
-		return c.encryptEmptyResponse(timestamp, nonce)
-	}
-
-	streamID := msg.Stream.ID
-
-	c.taskMu.RLock()
-	task, exists := c.streamTasks[streamID]
-	c.taskMu.RUnlock()
-
-	if !exists {
-		logger.DebugCF(
-			"wecom_aibot",
-			"Stream task not found (may be from previous session)",
-			map[string]any{
-				"stream_id": streamID,
-			},
-		)
-		return c.encryptResponse(streamID, timestamp, nonce, WeComAIBotStreamResponse{
-			MsgType: "stream",
-			Stream: WeComAIBotStreamInfo{
-				ID:      streamID,
-				Finish:  true,
-				Content: "Task not found or already finished. Please resend your message to start a new session.",
-			},
-		})
-	}
-
-	// Get next response
-	return c.getStreamResponse(task, timestamp, nonce)
-}
-
-// handleImageMessage handles image messages
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) handleImageMessage(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	msg WeComAIBotMessage,
-	timestamp, nonce string,
-) string {
-	logger.WarnC("wecom_aibot", "Image message type not yet fully implemented")
-	if msg.Image == nil {
-		logger.ErrorC("wecom_aibot", "Image message missing image field")
-		return c.encryptEmptyResponse(timestamp, nonce)
-	}
-
-	imageURL := msg.Image.URL
-
-	// For now, just acknowledge receipt without echoing the image
-	return c.encryptResponse("", timestamp, nonce, WeComAIBotStreamResponse{
-		MsgType: "stream",
-		Stream: WeComAIBotStreamInfo{
-			ID:     c.generateStreamID(),
-			Finish: true,
-			Content: fmt.Sprintf(
-				"Image received (URL: %s), but image messages are not yet supported",
-				imageURL,
-			),
-		},
-	})
-}
-
-// handleMixedMessage handles mixed (text + image) messages
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) handleMixedMessage(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	msg WeComAIBotMessage,
-	timestamp, nonce string,
-) string {
-	logger.WarnC("wecom_aibot", "Mixed message type not yet fully implemented")
-	return c.encryptResponse("", timestamp, nonce, WeComAIBotStreamResponse{
-		MsgType: "stream",
-		Stream: WeComAIBotStreamInfo{
-			ID:      c.generateStreamID(),
-			Finish:  true,
-			Content: "Mixed message type is not yet supported",
-		},
-	})
-}
-
-// handleEventMessage handles event messages
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) handleEventMessage(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	msg WeComAIBotMessage,
-	timestamp, nonce string,
-) string {
-	eventType := ""
-	if msg.Event != nil {
-		eventType = msg.Event.EventType
-	}
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Received event", map[string]any{
-		"event_type": eventType,
-	})
-
-	// Send welcome message when user opens the chat window
-	if eventType == "enter_chat" && c.config.WelcomeMessage != "" {
-		streamID := c.generateStreamID()
-		return c.encryptResponse(streamID, timestamp, nonce, WeComAIBotStreamResponse{
-			MsgType: "stream",
-			Stream: WeComAIBotStreamInfo{
-				ID:      streamID,
-				Finish:  true,
-				Content: c.config.WelcomeMessage,
-			},
-		})
-	}
-
-	return c.encryptEmptyResponse(timestamp, nonce)
-}
-
-// getStreamResponse gets the next streaming response for a task.
-// - If agent replied: return finish=true with the real answer.
-// - If deadline passed: return finish=true with a "please wait" notice, keep task alive for response_url.
-// - Otherwise: return finish=false (empty), client will poll again.
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) getStreamResponse(task *streamTask, timestamp, nonce string) string {
-	var content string
-	var finish bool
-	var closeStreamOnly bool // close stream but do NOT remove task (response_url still pending)
-
-	select {
-	case answer := <-task.answerCh:
-		// Agent replied before deadline — normal finish.
-		content = answer
-		finish = true
-	default:
-		if time.Now().After(task.Deadline) {
-			// Deadline reached: close the stream with a notice, then wait for agent via response_url.
-			content = c.config.ProcessingMessage
-			finish = true
-			closeStreamOnly = true
-			logger.InfoCF(
-				"wecom_aibot",
-				"Stream deadline reached, switching to response_url mode",
-				map[string]any{
-					"stream_id":    task.StreamID,
-					"chat_id":      task.ChatID,
-					"response_url": task.ResponseURL != "",
-				},
-			)
-		}
-		// else: still waiting, return finish=false
-	}
-
-	if finish && !closeStreamOnly {
-		// Normal finish: remove from all maps.
-		c.removeTask(task)
-	} else if closeStreamOnly {
-		// Mark stream as closed and remove from streamTasks under a single lock
-		// to keep StreamClosed/StreamClosedAt consistent with map membership.
-		c.taskMu.Lock()
-		task.StreamClosed = true
-		task.StreamClosedAt = time.Now()
-		delete(c.streamTasks, task.StreamID)
-		c.taskMu.Unlock()
-	}
-
-	response := WeComAIBotStreamResponse{
-		MsgType: "stream",
-		Stream: WeComAIBotStreamInfo{
-			ID:      task.StreamID,
-			Finish:  finish,
-			Content: content,
-		},
-	}
-
-	return c.encryptResponse(task.StreamID, timestamp, nonce, response)
-}
-
-// removeTask removes a task from both streamTasks and chatTasks, marks it finished,
-// and cancels its context to interrupt the associated agent goroutine.
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) removeTask(task *streamTask) {
-	// Cancel first so the agent goroutine stops as soon as possible,
-	// before we acquire the write lock.
-	task.cancel()
-
-	c.taskMu.Lock()
-	task.Finished = true // written under c.taskMu, consistent with all readers
-	delete(c.streamTasks, task.StreamID)
-	queue := c.chatTasks[task.ChatID]
-	for i, t := range queue {
-		if t == task {
-			c.chatTasks[task.ChatID] = append(queue[:i], queue[i+1:]...)
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	if len(c.chatTasks[task.ChatID]) == 0 {
-		delete(c.chatTasks, task.ChatID)
-	}
-	c.taskMu.Unlock()
-}
-
-// sendViaResponseURL posts a markdown reply to the WeCom response_url.
-// response_url is valid for 1 hour and can only be used once per callback.
-// Returned errors are wrapped with channels.ErrRateLimit, channels.ErrTemporary,
-// or channels.ErrSendFailed so the manager can apply the right retry policy.
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) sendViaResponseURL(responseURL, content string) error {
-	payload := map[string]any{
-		"msgtype": "markdown",
-		"markdown": map[string]string{
-			"content": content,
-		},
-	}
-	body, err := json.Marshal(payload)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal payload: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(c.ctx, 15*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, responseURL, bytes.NewBuffer(body))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
-	}
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
-
-	resp, err := responseURLHTTPClient.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("post to response_url failed: %w: %w", channels.ErrTemporary, err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	const maxErrBody = 64 << 10 // 64 KB is more than enough for any error response
-	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, maxErrBody))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("reading response_url body: %w: %w", channels.ErrTemporary, err)
-	}
-	switch {
-	case resp.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests:
-		return fmt.Errorf("response_url rate limited (%d): %s: %w",
-			resp.StatusCode, respBody, channels.ErrRateLimit)
-	case resp.StatusCode >= 500:
-		return fmt.Errorf("response_url server error (%d): %s: %w",
-			resp.StatusCode, respBody, channels.ErrTemporary)
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("response_url returned %d: %s: %w",
-			resp.StatusCode, respBody, channels.ErrSendFailed)
-	}
-}
-
-// encryptResponse encrypts a streaming response
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) encryptResponse(
-	streamID, timestamp, nonce string,
-	response WeComAIBotStreamResponse,
-) string {
-	// Marshal response to JSON
-	plaintext, err := json.Marshal(response)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to marshal response", map[string]any{
-			"error": err,
-		})
-		return ""
-	}
-
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Encrypting response", map[string]any{
-		"stream_id": streamID,
-		"finish":    response.Stream.Finish,
-		"preview":   utils.Truncate(response.Stream.Content, 100),
-	})
-
-	// Encrypt message
-	encrypted, err := c.encryptMessage(string(plaintext), "")
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to encrypt message", map[string]any{
-			"error": err,
-		})
-		return ""
-	}
-
-	// Generate signature
-	signature := computeSignature(c.config.Token, timestamp, nonce, encrypted)
-
-	// Build encrypted response
-	encryptedResp := WeComAIBotEncryptedResponse{
-		Encrypt:      encrypted,
-		MsgSignature: signature,
-		Timestamp:    timestamp,
-		Nonce:        nonce,
-	}
-
-	respJSON, err := json.Marshal(encryptedResp)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to marshal encrypted response", map[string]any{
-			"error": err,
-		})
-		return ""
-	}
-
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Response encrypted", map[string]any{
-		"stream_id": streamID,
-	})
-
-	return string(respJSON)
-}
-
-// encryptEmptyResponse returns a minimal valid encrypted response
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) encryptEmptyResponse(timestamp, nonce string) string {
-	// Construct a zero-value stream response and encrypt it so that
-	// WeCom always receives a syntactically valid encrypted JSON object.
-	emptyResp := WeComAIBotStreamResponse{}
-	return c.encryptResponse("", timestamp, nonce, emptyResp)
-}
-
-// encryptMessage encrypts a plain text message for WeCom AI Bot
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) encryptMessage(plaintext, receiveid string) (string, error) {
-	aesKey, err := decodeWeComAESKey(c.config.EncodingAESKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	frame, err := packWeComFrame(plaintext, receiveid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	// PKCS7 padding then AES-CBC encrypt
-	paddedFrame := pkcs7Pad(frame, blockSize)
-	ciphertext, err := encryptAESCBC(aesKey, paddedFrame)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(ciphertext), nil
-}
-
-// func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) downloadAndDecryptImage(
-// 	ctx context.Context,
-// 	imageURL string,
-// ) ([]byte, error) {
-// 	// Download image
-// 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, imageURL, nil)
-// 	if err != nil {
-// 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
-// 	}
-
-// 	client := &http.Client{
-// 		Timeout: 15 * time.Second,
-// 	}
-
-// 	resp, err := client.Do(req)
-// 	if err != nil {
-// 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to download image: %w", err)
-// 	}
-// 	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-// 	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-// 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("download failed with status: %d", resp.StatusCode)
-// 	}
-
-// 	// Limit image download to 20 MB to prevent memory exhaustion
-// 	const maxImageSize = 20 << 20 // 20 MB
-// 	encryptedData, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, maxImageSize+1))
-// 	if err != nil {
-// 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read image data: %w", err)
-// 	}
-// 	if len(encryptedData) > maxImageSize {
-// 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("image too large (exceeds %d MB)", maxImageSize>>20)
-// 	}
-
-// 	logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Image downloaded", map[string]any{
-// 		"size": len(encryptedData),
-// 	})
-
-// 	// Decode AES key
-// 	aesKey, err := decodeWeComAESKey(c.config.EncodingAESKey)
-// 	if err != nil {
-// 		return nil, err
-// 	}
-
-// 	// Decrypt image (AES-CBC with IV = first 16 bytes of key, PKCS7 padding stripped)
-// 	decryptedData, err := decryptAESCBC(aesKey, encryptedData)
-// 	if err != nil {
-// 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decrypt image: %w", err)
-// 	}
-
-// 	logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Image decrypted", map[string]any{
-// 		"size": len(decryptedData),
-// 	})
-
-// 	return decryptedData, nil
-// }
-
-// generateRandomID generates a cryptographically random alphanumeric ID of
-// length n.  Used for stream IDs and WebSocket request IDs.
-func generateRandomID(n int) string {
-	const letters = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
-	b := make([]byte, n)
-	for i := range b {
-		num, _ := rand.Int(rand.Reader, big.NewInt(int64(len(letters))))
-		b[i] = letters[num.Int64()]
-	}
-	return string(b)
-}
-
-// generateStreamID generates a random 10-character stream ID (webhook mode).
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) generateStreamID() string {
-	return generateRandomID(10)
-}
-
-// cleanupLoop periodically cleans up old streaming tasks
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) cleanupLoop() {
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Minute)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			c.cleanupOldTasks()
-		case <-c.ctx.Done():
-			return
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// cleanupOldTasks removes tasks that have exceeded their expected lifetime:
-//   - Active tasks (in streamTasks): cleaned up after 1 hour (response_url validity window).
-//   - StreamClosed tasks (in chatTasks only): cleaned up after streamClosedGracePeriod.
-//     These tasks are waiting for the agent to call Send() via response_url. If the agent
-//     crashes or times out without calling Send(), we must not let them accumulate indefinitely.
-//     The grace period is generous enough to cover typical LLM latency but far shorter than 1 hour,
-//     preventing chatTasks from filling up when many requests time out in quick succession.
-const (
-	streamClosedGracePeriod = 10 * time.Minute // max wait for agent after stream closes
-	taskMaxLifetime         = 1 * time.Hour    // absolute max (≈ response_url validity)
-)
-
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) cleanupOldTasks() {
-	c.taskMu.Lock()
-	defer c.taskMu.Unlock()
-
-	now := time.Now()
-	cutoff := now.Add(-taskMaxLifetime)
-	for id, task := range c.streamTasks {
-		if task.CreatedTime.Before(cutoff) {
-			delete(c.streamTasks, id)
-			task.cancel() // interrupt agent goroutine still waiting for LLM
-			queue := c.chatTasks[task.ChatID]
-			for i, t := range queue {
-				if t == task {
-					c.chatTasks[task.ChatID] = append(queue[:i], queue[i+1:]...)
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			if len(c.chatTasks[task.ChatID]) == 0 {
-				delete(c.chatTasks, task.ChatID)
-			}
-			logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Cleaned up expired task", map[string]any{
-				"stream_id": id,
-			})
-		}
-	}
-	// Clean up StreamClosed tasks from chatTasks.
-	// Two expiry conditions are checked:
-	//  1. Absolute expiry: task was created more than taskMaxLifetime ago.
-	//  2. Grace expiry: stream closed more than streamClosedGracePeriod ago
-	//     (agent had enough time to reply; it is not coming back).
-	for chatID, queue := range c.chatTasks {
-		filtered := queue[:0]
-		for i, t := range queue {
-			absoluteExpired := t.CreatedTime.Before(cutoff)
-			graceExpired := t.StreamClosed &&
-				!t.StreamClosedAt.IsZero() &&
-				t.StreamClosedAt.Before(now.Add(-streamClosedGracePeriod))
-			if t.Finished {
-				// Finished tasks should have been removed by removeTask().
-				// Finding one here (especially not at position 0) means an
-				// unexpected code path left it stranded, causing the queue to
-				// grow silently. Log a warning so it is visible, then drop it.
-				if i > 0 {
-					logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot",
-						"Found stranded Finished task in the middle of chatTasks queue; "+
-							"this should not happen — removeTask() should have spliced it out",
-						map[string]any{
-							"chat_id":   chatID,
-							"stream_id": t.StreamID,
-							"position":  i,
-						})
-				}
-				// The task is already finished; its context was already canceled
-				// by removeTask(), so no further action is required.
-				continue
-			} else if !absoluteExpired && !graceExpired {
-				filtered = append(filtered, t)
-			} else {
-				t.cancel() // cancel any lingering agent goroutine
-			}
-		}
-		if len(filtered) == 0 {
-			delete(c.chatTasks, chatID)
-		} else {
-			c.chatTasks[chatID] = filtered
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// handleHealth handles health check requests
-func (c *WeComAIBotChannel) handleHealth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	status := "ok"
-	if !c.IsRunning() {
-		status = "not running"
-	}
-
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{
-		"status": status,
-	})
-}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/aibot_test.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/aibot_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 957b51c38..000000000
--- a/pkg/channels/wecom/aibot_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,558 +0,0 @@
-package wecom
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
-)
-
-// ---- Webhook mode tests ----
-
-func TestNewWeComAIBotChannel_WebhookMode(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("success with valid config", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-			Enabled:        true,
-			Token:          "test_token",
-			EncodingAESKey: "testkey1234567890123456789012345678901234567",
-			WebhookPath:    "/webhook/test",
-		}
-
-		messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-		ch, err := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
-		}
-		if ch == nil {
-			t.Fatal("Expected channel to be created")
-		}
-		if ch.Name() != "wecom_aibot" {
-			t.Errorf("Expected name 'wecom_aibot', got '%s'", ch.Name())
-		}
-		// Webhook mode must implement WebhookHandler.
-		if _, ok := ch.(channels.WebhookHandler); !ok {
-			t.Error("Webhook mode channel should implement WebhookHandler")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("error with missing token", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-			Enabled:        true,
-			EncodingAESKey: "testkey1234567890123456789012345678901234567",
-		}
-		messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-		_, err := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("Expected error for missing token, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("error with missing encoding key", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-			Enabled: true,
-			Token:   "test_token",
-		}
-		messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-		_, err := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("Expected error for missing encoding key, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComAIBotWebhookChannelStartStop(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-		Enabled:        true,
-		Token:          "test_token",
-		EncodingAESKey: "testkey1234567890123456789012345678901234567",
-	}
-
-	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	ch, err := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to create channel: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	if err := ch.Start(ctx); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to start channel: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !ch.IsRunning() {
-		t.Error("Expected channel to be running after Start")
-	}
-
-	if err := ch.Stop(ctx); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to stop channel: %v", err)
-	}
-	if ch.IsRunning() {
-		t.Error("Expected channel to be stopped after Stop")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWeComAIBotChannelWebhookPath(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("default path", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-			Enabled:        true,
-			Token:          "test_token",
-			EncodingAESKey: "testkey1234567890123456789012345678901234567",
-		}
-		messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-		ch, _ := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-
-		wh, ok := ch.(channels.WebhookHandler)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatal("Expected channel to implement WebhookHandler")
-		}
-		expectedPath := "/webhook/wecom-aibot"
-		if wh.WebhookPath() != expectedPath {
-			t.Errorf("Expected webhook path '%s', got '%s'", expectedPath, wh.WebhookPath())
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("custom path", func(t *testing.T) {
-		customPath := "/custom/webhook"
-		cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-			Enabled:        true,
-			Token:          "test_token",
-			EncodingAESKey: "testkey1234567890123456789012345678901234567",
-			WebhookPath:    customPath,
-		}
-		messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-		ch, _ := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-
-		wh, ok := ch.(channels.WebhookHandler)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatal("Expected channel to implement WebhookHandler")
-		}
-		if wh.WebhookPath() != customPath {
-			t.Errorf("Expected webhook path '%s', got '%s'", customPath, wh.WebhookPath())
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComAIBotChannelGetStreamResponseProcessingMessage(t *testing.T) {
-	validAESKey := "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFG"
-
-	t.Run("uses default processing message", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-			Enabled:        true,
-			Token:          "test_token",
-			EncodingAESKey: validAESKey,
-		}
-
-		messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-		channel, err := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Failed to create channel: %v", err)
-		}
-		ch, ok := channel.(*WeComAIBotChannel)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatal("Expected webhook mode channel")
-		}
-
-		task := &streamTask{
-			StreamID: "stream-default",
-			ChatID:   "chat-default",
-			Deadline: time.Now().Add(-time.Second),
-		}
-		ch.streamTasks[task.StreamID] = task
-		ch.chatTasks[task.ChatID] = []*streamTask{task}
-
-		resp := decodeStreamResponse(t, ch, ch.getStreamResponse(task, "1234567890", "nonce"))
-
-		if !resp.Stream.Finish {
-			t.Fatal("Expected finished stream response after deadline")
-		}
-		if resp.Stream.Content != config.DefaultWeComAIBotProcessingMessage {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected default processing message %q, got %q",
-				config.DefaultWeComAIBotProcessingMessage, resp.Stream.Content)
-		}
-		if !task.StreamClosed {
-			t.Fatal("Expected task stream to be marked closed")
-		}
-		if _, ok := ch.streamTasks[task.StreamID]; ok {
-			t.Fatal("Expected closed stream task to be removed from streamTasks")
-		}
-		if len(ch.chatTasks[task.ChatID]) != 1 {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected task to remain queued for response_url delivery, got %d entries",
-				len(ch.chatTasks[task.ChatID]))
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("uses custom processing message", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-			Enabled:           true,
-			Token:             "test_token",
-			EncodingAESKey:    validAESKey,
-			ProcessingMessage: "Please wait a moment. The result will be delivered in a follow-up message.",
-		}
-
-		messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-		channel, err := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Failed to create channel: %v", err)
-		}
-		ch, ok := channel.(*WeComAIBotChannel)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Fatal("Expected webhook mode channel")
-		}
-
-		task := &streamTask{
-			StreamID: "stream-custom",
-			ChatID:   "chat-custom",
-			Deadline: time.Now().Add(-time.Second),
-		}
-
-		resp := decodeStreamResponse(t, ch, ch.getStreamResponse(task, "1234567890", "nonce"))
-
-		if resp.Stream.Content != cfg.ProcessingMessage {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected custom processing message %q, got %q", cfg.ProcessingMessage, resp.Stream.Content)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestGenerateStreamID(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-		Enabled:        true,
-		Token:          "test_token",
-		EncodingAESKey: "testkey1234567890123456789012345678901234567",
-	}
-	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	ch, _ := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-	webhookCh, ok := ch.(*WeComAIBotChannel)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("Expected webhook mode channel")
-	}
-
-	ids := make(map[string]bool)
-	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
-		id := webhookCh.generateStreamID()
-		if len(id) != 10 {
-			t.Errorf("Expected stream ID length 10, got %d", len(id))
-		}
-		if ids[id] {
-			t.Errorf("Duplicate stream ID generated: %s", id)
-		}
-		ids[id] = true
-	}
-}
-
-func TestEncryptDecrypt(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-		Enabled:        true,
-		Token:          "test_token",
-		EncodingAESKey: "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFG", // 43 characters
-	}
-	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	ch, _ := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-	webhookCh, ok := ch.(*WeComAIBotChannel)
-	if !ok {
-		t.Fatal("Expected webhook mode channel")
-	}
-
-	plaintext := "Hello, World!"
-	receiveid := ""
-
-	encrypted, err := webhookCh.encryptMessage(plaintext, receiveid)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to encrypt message: %v", err)
-	}
-	if encrypted == "" {
-		t.Fatal("Encrypted message is empty")
-	}
-
-	decrypted, err := decryptMessageWithVerify(encrypted, cfg.EncodingAESKey, receiveid)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to decrypt message: %v", err)
-	}
-	if decrypted != plaintext {
-		t.Errorf("Expected decrypted message '%s', got '%s'", plaintext, decrypted)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestGenerateSignature(t *testing.T) {
-	token := "test_token"
-	timestamp := "1234567890"
-	nonce := "test_nonce"
-	encrypt := "encrypted_msg"
-
-	signature := computeSignature(token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt)
-	if signature == "" {
-		t.Error("Generated signature is empty")
-	}
-	if !verifySignature(token, signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt) {
-		t.Error("Generated signature does not verify correctly")
-	}
-}
-
-func decodeStreamResponse(t *testing.T, ch *WeComAIBotChannel, encryptedResponse string) WeComAIBotStreamResponse {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	var wrapped WeComAIBotEncryptedResponse
-	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(encryptedResponse), &wrapped); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to unmarshal encrypted response: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	plaintext, err := decryptMessageWithVerify(wrapped.Encrypt, ch.config.EncodingAESKey, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to decrypt response: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	var resp WeComAIBotStreamResponse
-	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(plaintext), &resp); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to unmarshal decrypted response: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return resp
-}
-
-// ---- WebSocket long-connection mode tests ----
-
-func TestNewWeComAIBotChannel_WSMode(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("success with bot_id and secret", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-			Enabled: true,
-			BotID:   "test_bot_id",
-			Secret:  "test_secret",
-		}
-		messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-		ch, err := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
-		}
-		if ch == nil {
-			t.Fatal("Expected channel to be created")
-		}
-		if ch.Name() != "wecom_aibot" {
-			t.Errorf("Expected name 'wecom_aibot', got '%s'", ch.Name())
-		}
-		// WebSocket mode must NOT implement WebhookHandler.
-		if _, ok := ch.(channels.WebhookHandler); ok {
-			t.Error("WebSocket mode channel should NOT implement WebhookHandler")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("ws mode takes priority over webhook fields", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-			Enabled:        true,
-			BotID:          "test_bot_id",
-			Secret:         "test_secret",
-			Token:          "also_set",
-			EncodingAESKey: "testkey1234567890123456789012345678901234567",
-		}
-		messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-		ch, err := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
-		}
-		if _, ok := ch.(*WeComAIBotWSChannel); !ok {
-			t.Error("Expected WebSocket mode channel when both BotID+Secret and Token+Key are set")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("error with missing bot_id", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-			Enabled: true,
-			Secret:  "test_secret",
-		}
-		messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-		_, err := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-		// Missing bot_id alone means neither WS mode nor webhook mode is fully configured.
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("Expected error for missing bot_id, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("error with missing secret", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-			Enabled: true,
-			BotID:   "test_bot_id",
-		}
-		messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-		_, err := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("Expected error for missing secret, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComAIBotWSChannelStartStop(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-		Enabled: true,
-		BotID:   "test_bot_id",
-		Secret:  "test_secret",
-	}
-	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	ch, err := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, messageBus)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to create channel: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	// Start launches a background goroutine; it should not block or return an error.
-	if err := ch.Start(ctx); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to start channel: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !ch.IsRunning() {
-		t.Error("Expected channel to be running after Start")
-	}
-
-	// Stop should work regardless of whether the WebSocket actually connected.
-	if err := ch.Stop(ctx); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to stop channel: %v", err)
-	}
-	if ch.IsRunning() {
-		t.Error("Expected channel to be stopped after Stop")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestGenerateRandomID(t *testing.T) {
-	ids := make(map[string]bool)
-	for i := 0; i < 200; i++ {
-		id := generateRandomID(10)
-		if len(id) != 10 {
-			t.Errorf("Expected ID length 10, got %d", len(id))
-		}
-		if ids[id] {
-			t.Errorf("Duplicate ID generated: %s", id)
-		}
-		ids[id] = true
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWSGenerateID(t *testing.T) {
-	ids := make(map[string]bool)
-	for i := 0; i < 200; i++ {
-		id := wsGenerateID()
-		if len(id) != 10 {
-			t.Errorf("Expected ID length 10, got %d", len(id))
-		}
-		if ids[id] {
-			t.Errorf("Duplicate wsGenerateID result: %s", id)
-		}
-		ids[id] = true
-	}
-}
-
-// ---- Webhook streaming fallback tests ----
-
-// makeWebhookChannel creates a started WeComAIBotChannel for testing.
-func makeWebhookChannel(t *testing.T) *WeComAIBotChannel {
-	t.Helper()
-	cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-		Enabled:        true,
-		Token:          "test_token",
-		EncodingAESKey: "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFG",
-	}
-	ch, err := NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg, bus.NewMessageBus())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("create channel: %v", err)
-	}
-	wc := ch.(*WeComAIBotChannel)
-	wc.ctx, wc.cancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	return wc
-}
-
-// makeStreamTask creates and registers a streamTask for testing.
-func makeStreamTask(t *testing.T, ch *WeComAIBotChannel, streamID, chatID string, deadline time.Time) *streamTask {
-	t.Helper()
-	task := &streamTask{
-		StreamID: streamID,
-		ChatID:   chatID,
-		Deadline: deadline,
-		answerCh: make(chan string, 1),
-	}
-	task.ctx, task.cancel = context.WithCancel(ch.ctx)
-	ch.taskMu.Lock()
-	ch.streamTasks[streamID] = task
-	ch.chatTasks[chatID] = append(ch.chatTasks[chatID], task)
-	ch.taskMu.Unlock()
-	return task
-}
-
-// TestGetStreamResponse_ImmediateAnswer verifies that when the agent has already
-// placed its answer in answerCh, getStreamResponse returns a finish=true response
-// and fully removes the task.
-func TestGetStreamResponse_ImmediateAnswer(t *testing.T) {
-	ch := makeWebhookChannel(t)
-	defer ch.cancel()
-
-	task := makeStreamTask(t, ch, "stream-1", "chat-1", time.Now().Add(30*time.Second))
-	task.answerCh <- "hello from agent"
-
-	result := ch.getStreamResponse(task, "ts123", "nonce123")
-	if result == "" {
-		t.Fatal("expected non-empty encrypted response")
-	}
-
-	ch.taskMu.RLock()
-	_, exists := ch.streamTasks["stream-1"]
-	ch.taskMu.RUnlock()
-	if exists {
-		t.Error("task should have been removed from streamTasks after normal finish")
-	}
-	if !task.Finished {
-		t.Error("task.Finished should be true after normal finish")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestGetStreamResponse_DeadlinePassed verifies that when the stream deadline has
-// elapsed (no agent reply yet), getStreamResponse closes the stream but keeps the
-// task alive so the response_url fallback can still deliver the answer.
-func TestGetStreamResponse_DeadlinePassed(t *testing.T) {
-	ch := makeWebhookChannel(t)
-	defer ch.cancel()
-
-	task := makeStreamTask(t, ch, "stream-2", "chat-2", time.Now().Add(-time.Millisecond))
-
-	result := ch.getStreamResponse(task, "ts456", "nonce456")
-	if result == "" {
-		t.Fatal("expected non-empty encrypted response")
-	}
-
-	ch.taskMu.RLock()
-	_, stillStreaming := ch.streamTasks["stream-2"]
-	ch.taskMu.RUnlock()
-	if stillStreaming {
-		t.Error("task should have been removed from streamTasks after deadline")
-	}
-	if !task.StreamClosed {
-		t.Error("task.StreamClosed should be true after deadline")
-	}
-	if task.Finished {
-		t.Error("task.Finished must remain false: agent reply still expected via response_url")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestGetStreamResponse_StillPending verifies that when neither the agent has
-// replied nor the deadline has passed, getStreamResponse returns without altering
-// task state (client should poll again).
-func TestGetStreamResponse_StillPending(t *testing.T) {
-	ch := makeWebhookChannel(t)
-	defer ch.cancel()
-
-	task := makeStreamTask(t, ch, "stream-3", "chat-3", time.Now().Add(30*time.Second))
-
-	result := ch.getStreamResponse(task, "ts789", "nonce789")
-	if result == "" {
-		t.Fatal("expected non-empty encrypted response")
-	}
-
-	ch.taskMu.RLock()
-	_, exists := ch.streamTasks["stream-3"]
-	ch.taskMu.RUnlock()
-	if !exists {
-		t.Error("pending task should still be in streamTasks")
-	}
-	if task.Finished || task.StreamClosed {
-		t.Error("pending task should not be finished or stream-closed")
-	}
-	// Cleanup.
-	ch.removeTask(task)
-}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/aibot_ws.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/aibot_ws.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 830e763b9..000000000
--- a/pkg/channels/wecom/aibot_ws.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1346 +0,0 @@
-package wecom
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
-
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/identity"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/utils"
-)
-
-// Long-connection WebSocket endpoint.
-// Ref: https://developer.work.weixin.qq.com/document/path/101463
-const (
-	wsEndpoint          = "wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com"
-	wsHeartbeatInterval = 30 * time.Second
-	wsConnectTimeout    = 15 * time.Second
-	wsSubscribeTimeout  = 10 * time.Second
-	wsSendMsgTimeout    = 10 * time.Second
-	wsRespondMsgTimeout = 10 * time.Second
-	wsWelcomeMsgTimeout = 5 * time.Second // WeCom requires welcome reply within 5 seconds
-	wsMaxReconnectWait  = 60 * time.Second
-	wsInitialReconnect  = time.Second
-
-	// WeCom requires finish=true within 6 minutes of the first stream frame.
-	// wsStreamTickInterval controls how often we send an in-progress hint.
-	// wsStreamMaxDuration is a safety margin below the 6-minute hard limit.
-	wsStreamTickInterval = 30 * time.Second
-	wsStreamMaxDuration  = 5*time.Minute + 30*time.Second
-
-	// wsImageDownloadTimeout caps the time we spend downloading an inbound image.
-	wsImageDownloadTimeout = 30 * time.Second
-
-	// Keep req_id -> chat route for late fallback pushes after stream window closes.
-	wsLateReplyRouteTTL = 30 * time.Minute
-
-	// wsStreamMaxContentBytes is the maximum UTF-8 byte length for the content field
-	// of a single WeCom AI Bot stream / text / markdown frame.
-	// Ref: https://developer.work.weixin.qq.com/document/path/101463
-	wsStreamMaxContentBytes = 20480
-)
-
-// wsImageHTTPClient is a shared HTTP client for downloading inbound images.
-// Reusing it enables connection pooling across multiple image downloads.
-var wsImageHTTPClient = &http.Client{Timeout: wsImageDownloadTimeout}
-
-// WeComAIBotWSChannel implements channels.Channel for WeCom AI Bot using the
-// WebSocket long-connection API.
-// Unlike the webhook counterpart it does NOT implement WebhookHandler, so the
-// HTTP manager will not register any callback URL for it.
-type WeComAIBotWSChannel struct {
-	*channels.BaseChannel
-	config config.WeComAIBotConfig
-	ctx    context.Context
-	cancel context.CancelFunc
-
-	// conn is the active WebSocket connection; nil when disconnected.
-	// All writes are serialized through connMu.
-	conn   *websocket.Conn
-	connMu sync.Mutex
-
-	// dedupe prevents duplicate message processing (WeCom may re-deliver).
-	dedupe *MessageDeduplicator
-
-	// reqStates holds per-req_id runtime state.
-	// It unifies active task state and late-reply fallback routing.
-	reqStates   map[string]*wsReqState
-	reqStatesMu sync.Mutex
-
-	// reqPending correlates command req_ids with response channels.
-	// Used only for subscribe/ping command-response pairs.
-	reqPending   map[string]chan wsEnvelope
-	reqPendingMu sync.Mutex
-}
-
-// wsTask tracks one in-progress agent reply for a single chat turn.
-type wsTask struct {
-	ReqID    string // req_id echoed in all replies for this turn
-	ChatID   string
-	ChatType uint32
-	StreamID string      // our generated stream.id
-	answerCh chan string // agent delivers its reply here via Send()
-	ctx      context.Context
-	cancel   context.CancelFunc
-}
-
-type wsReqState struct {
-	Task  *wsTask
-	Route wsLateReplyRoute
-}
-
-type wsLateReplyRoute struct {
-	ChatID    string
-	ChatType  uint32
-	ReadyAt   time.Time
-	ExpiresAt time.Time
-}
-
-// ---- WebSocket protocol types ----
-
-// wsEnvelope is the generic JSON envelope for all WebSocket messages.
-type wsEnvelope struct {
-	Cmd     string          `json:"cmd,omitempty"`
-	Headers wsHeaders       `json:"headers"`
-	Body    json.RawMessage `json:"body,omitempty"`
-	ErrCode int             `json:"errcode,omitempty"`
-	ErrMsg  string          `json:"errmsg,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type wsHeaders struct {
-	ReqID string `json:"req_id"`
-}
-
-// wsCommand is an outgoing request sent over the WebSocket.
-type wsCommand struct {
-	Cmd     string    `json:"cmd"`
-	Headers wsHeaders `json:"headers"`
-	Body    any       `json:"body,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type wsSendMsgBody struct {
-	ChatID   string             `json:"chatid"`
-	ChatType uint32             `json:"chat_type,omitempty"`
-	MsgType  string             `json:"msgtype"`
-	Markdown *wsMarkdownContent `json:"markdown,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// wsRespondMsgBody is the body for aibot_respond_msg / aibot_respond_welcome_msg.
-type wsRespondMsgBody struct {
-	MsgType  string             `json:"msgtype"`
-	Stream   *wsStreamContent   `json:"stream,omitempty"`
-	Text     *wsTextContent     `json:"text,omitempty"`
-	Markdown *wsMarkdownContent `json:"markdown,omitempty"`
-	Image    *wsImageContent    `json:"image,omitempty"`
-}
-
-type wsStreamContent struct {
-	ID      string `json:"id"`
-	Finish  bool   `json:"finish"`
-	Content string `json:"content,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// wsImageContent carries a base64-encoded image payload for outbound messages.
-type wsImageContent struct {
-	Base64 string `json:"base64"`
-	MD5    string `json:"md5"`
-}
-
-type wsTextContent struct {
-	Content string `json:"content"`
-}
-
-type wsMarkdownContent struct {
-	Content string `json:"content"`
-}
-
-// WeComAIBotWSMessage is the decoded body of aibot_msg_callback /
-// aibot_event_callback in WebSocket long-connection mode.
-// The structure mirrors WeComAIBotMessage but includes extra fields
-// that only appear in long-connection callbacks (Voice, AESKey on Image/File).
-type WeComAIBotWSMessage struct {
-	MsgID      string `json:"msgid"`
-	CreateTime int64  `json:"create_time,omitempty"`
-	AIBotID    string `json:"aibotid"`
-	ChatID     string `json:"chatid,omitempty"`
-	ChatType   string `json:"chattype,omitempty"` // "single" | "group"
-	From       struct {
-		UserID string `json:"userid"`
-	} `json:"from"`
-	MsgType string `json:"msgtype"`
-	Text    *struct {
-		Content string `json:"content"`
-	} `json:"text,omitempty"`
-	Image *struct {
-		URL    string `json:"url"`
-		AESKey string `json:"aeskey,omitempty"` // long-connection: per-resource decrypt key
-	} `json:"image,omitempty"`
-	Voice *struct {
-		Content string `json:"content"` // WeCom transcribes voice to text in callbacks
-	} `json:"voice,omitempty"`
-	Mixed *struct {
-		MsgItem []struct {
-			MsgType string `json:"msgtype"`
-			Text    *struct {
-				Content string `json:"content"`
-			} `json:"text,omitempty"`
-			Image *struct {
-				URL    string `json:"url"`
-				AESKey string `json:"aeskey,omitempty"`
-			} `json:"image,omitempty"`
-		} `json:"msg_item"`
-	} `json:"mixed,omitempty"`
-	Event *struct {
-		EventType string `json:"eventtype"`
-	} `json:"event,omitempty"`
-	File *struct {
-		URL    string `json:"url"`
-		AESKey string `json:"aeskey,omitempty"`
-	} `json:"file,omitempty"`
-	Video *struct {
-		URL    string `json:"url"`
-		AESKey string `json:"aeskey,omitempty"`
-	} `json:"video,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// ---- Constructor ----
-
-// newWeComAIBotWSChannel creates a WeComAIBotWSChannel for WebSocket mode.
-func newWeComAIBotWSChannel(
-	cfg config.WeComAIBotConfig,
-	messageBus *bus.MessageBus,
-) (*WeComAIBotWSChannel, error) {
-	if cfg.BotID == "" || cfg.Secret == "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bot_id and secret are required for WeCom AI Bot WebSocket mode")
-	}
-
-	base := channels.NewBaseChannel("wecom_aibot", cfg, messageBus, cfg.AllowFrom,
-		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(cfg.ReasoningChannelID),
-	)
-
-	return &WeComAIBotWSChannel{
-		BaseChannel: base,
-		config:      cfg,
-		dedupe:      NewMessageDeduplicator(wecomMaxProcessedMessages),
-		reqStates:   make(map[string]*wsReqState),
-		reqPending:  make(map[string]chan wsEnvelope),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// ---- Channel interface ----
-
-// Name implements channels.Channel.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) Name() string { return "wecom_aibot" }
-
-// Start connects to the WeCom WebSocket endpoint and begins message processing.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_aibot", "Starting WeCom AI Bot channel (WebSocket long-connection mode)...")
-	c.ctx, c.cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	c.SetRunning(true)
-	go c.connectLoop()
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_aibot", "WeCom AI Bot channel started (WebSocket mode)")
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Stop shuts down the channel and closes the WebSocket connection.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) Stop(_ context.Context) error {
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_aibot", "Stopping WeCom AI Bot channel (WebSocket mode)...")
-	if c.cancel != nil {
-		c.cancel()
-	}
-	c.connMu.Lock()
-	if c.conn != nil {
-		c.conn.Close()
-		c.conn = nil
-	}
-	c.connMu.Unlock()
-	c.SetRunning(false)
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_aibot", "WeCom AI Bot channel stopped")
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Send delivers the agent reply for msg.ChatID.
-// The waiting task goroutine picks it up and writes the final stream response.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) Send(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMessage) error {
-	if !c.IsRunning() {
-		return channels.ErrNotRunning
-	}
-
-	// msg.ChatID carries the inbound req_id (set by dispatchWSAgentTask).
-	// For cron-triggered messages, msg.ChatID is the real WeCom chat/user ID
-	// and there will be no matching entry in reqStates; fall through to proactive push.
-	task, route, ok := c.getReqState(msg.ChatID)
-	if !ok {
-		// No req_id record found — this is a cron/scheduler-originated message.
-		// Send it as a proactive markdown push using the chat ID directly.
-		logger.InfoCF("wecom_aibot", "Send: no req_id state, delivering via proactive push (cron/scheduler)",
-			map[string]any{"chat_id": msg.ChatID})
-		if err := c.wsSendActivePush(msg.ChatID, 0, msg.Content); err != nil {
-			logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Proactive push failed",
-				map[string]any{"chat_id": msg.ChatID, "error": err.Error()})
-			return fmt.Errorf("websocket delivery failed: %w", channels.ErrSendFailed)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if task == nil {
-		if time.Now().Before(route.ReadyAt) {
-			// Keep using aibot_respond_msg within stream window; do not proactively
-			// push unless wsStreamMaxDuration has elapsed.
-			logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Send: stream window still open, skip proactive push",
-				map[string]any{"req_id": msg.ChatID, "ready_at": route.ReadyAt.Format(time.RFC3339)})
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		if err := c.wsSendActivePush(route.ChatID, route.ChatType, msg.Content); err != nil {
-			logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Late reply proactive push failed",
-				map[string]any{"req_id": msg.ChatID, "chat_id": route.ChatID, "error": err.Error()})
-			return fmt.Errorf("websocket delivery failed: %w", channels.ErrSendFailed)
-		}
-		logger.InfoCF("wecom_aibot", "Late reply delivered via proactive push",
-			map[string]any{"req_id": msg.ChatID, "chat_id": route.ChatID, "chat_type": route.ChatType})
-		c.deleteReqState(msg.ChatID)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// Non-blocking fast path: when answerCh has space, deliver without racing
-	// against task.ctx.Done() (which fires when the task is canceled by a new
-	// incoming message, but the response must still be sent).
-	select {
-	case task.answerCh <- msg.Content:
-		return nil
-	default:
-	}
-	// answerCh was full; block with cancellation guards.
-	select {
-	case task.answerCh <- msg.Content:
-	case <-task.ctx.Done():
-		return nil
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		return ctx.Err()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// ---- Connection management ----
-
-// wsBackoffResetDuration is the minimum duration a WebSocket connection must
-// stay up before we reset the reconnect backoff to its initial value. This
-// prevents a short burst of failures from causing long waits after later,
-// stable connection periods.
-const wsBackoffResetDuration = time.Minute
-
-// connectLoop maintains the WebSocket connection, reconnecting on failure with
-// exponential backoff.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) connectLoop() {
-	backoff := wsInitialReconnect
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-c.ctx.Done():
-			return
-		default:
-		}
-
-		logger.InfoC("wecom_aibot", "Connecting to WeCom WebSocket endpoint...")
-		start := time.Now()
-		if err := c.runConnection(); err != nil {
-			elapsed := time.Since(start)
-			// If the connection was stable for long enough, reset backoff so that
-			// a previous burst of failures does not keep us at the maximum delay.
-			if elapsed >= wsBackoffResetDuration {
-				backoff = wsInitialReconnect
-			}
-			select {
-			case <-c.ctx.Done():
-				return
-			default:
-				logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "WebSocket connection lost, reconnecting",
-					map[string]any{"error": err.Error(), "backoff": backoff.String()})
-				select {
-				case <-time.After(backoff):
-				case <-c.ctx.Done():
-					return
-				}
-				if backoff < wsMaxReconnectWait {
-					backoff *= 2
-					if backoff > wsMaxReconnectWait {
-						backoff = wsMaxReconnectWait
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			// Clean exit (context canceled); stop reconnecting.
-			return
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// runConnection dials, subscribes, and runs the read/heartbeat loops until the
-// connection closes or the channel context is canceled.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) runConnection() error {
-	dialCtx, dialCancel := context.WithTimeout(c.ctx, wsConnectTimeout)
-	conn, httpResp, err := websocket.DefaultDialer.DialContext(dialCtx, wsEndpoint, nil)
-	dialCancel()
-	if httpResp != nil {
-		httpResp.Body.Close()
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("dial failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	c.connMu.Lock()
-	c.conn = conn
-	c.connMu.Unlock()
-
-	defer func() {
-		c.connMu.Lock()
-		if c.conn == conn {
-			c.conn = nil
-		}
-		c.connMu.Unlock()
-		// Cancel any tasks that were started over this connection so their
-		// agent goroutines do not keep running after the connection is gone.
-		c.cancelAllTasks()
-	}()
-
-	// ---- Read loop (must start BEFORE subscribing) ----
-	// sendAndWait blocks waiting for the subscribe response on reqPending;
-	// readLoop is the only goroutine that delivers messages to reqPending.
-	// Starting readLoop first avoids a deadlock where sendAndWait times out
-	// because no one reads the server's reply.
-	readErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
-	go func() { readErrCh <- c.readLoop(conn) }()
-
-	// ---- Subscribe ----
-	reqID := wsGenerateID()
-	resp, err := c.sendAndWait(conn, reqID, wsCommand{
-		Cmd:     "aibot_subscribe",
-		Headers: wsHeaders{ReqID: reqID},
-		Body: map[string]string{
-			"bot_id": c.config.BotID,
-			"secret": c.config.Secret,
-		},
-	}, wsSubscribeTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		conn.Close() // stop readLoop
-		<-readErrCh
-		return fmt.Errorf("subscribe failed: %w", err)
-	}
-	if resp.ErrCode != 0 {
-		conn.Close()
-		<-readErrCh
-		return fmt.Errorf("subscribe rejected (errcode=%d): %s", resp.ErrCode, resp.ErrMsg)
-	}
-
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_aibot", "WebSocket subscription successful")
-
-	// ---- Heartbeat goroutine ----
-	hbDone := make(chan struct{})
-	go func() {
-		defer close(hbDone)
-		c.heartbeatLoop(conn)
-	}()
-
-	// Wait for the read loop to exit, then tear down the heartbeat.
-	readErr := <-readErrCh
-	conn.Close() // signal heartbeat to stop (idempotent)
-	<-hbDone
-	return readErr
-}
-
-// sendAndWait registers a pending-response slot, sends cmd, and blocks until
-// the matching response arrives or the timeout/context fires.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) sendAndWait(
-	conn *websocket.Conn,
-	reqID string,
-	cmd wsCommand,
-	timeout time.Duration,
-) (wsEnvelope, error) {
-	ch := make(chan wsEnvelope, 1)
-	c.reqPendingMu.Lock()
-	c.reqPending[reqID] = ch
-	c.reqPendingMu.Unlock()
-
-	cleanup := func() {
-		c.reqPendingMu.Lock()
-		delete(c.reqPending, reqID)
-		c.reqPendingMu.Unlock()
-	}
-
-	data, err := json.Marshal(cmd)
-	if err != nil {
-		cleanup()
-		return wsEnvelope{}, fmt.Errorf("marshal command: %w", err)
-	}
-	c.connMu.Lock()
-	err = conn.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, data)
-	c.connMu.Unlock()
-	if err != nil {
-		cleanup()
-		return wsEnvelope{}, fmt.Errorf("write command: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	timer := time.NewTimer(timeout)
-	defer timer.Stop()
-	select {
-	case env := <-ch:
-		return env, nil
-	case <-timer.C:
-		cleanup()
-		return wsEnvelope{}, fmt.Errorf("timeout waiting for response (req_id=%s)", reqID)
-	case <-c.ctx.Done():
-		cleanup()
-		return wsEnvelope{}, c.ctx.Err()
-	}
-}
-
-// heartbeatLoop sends a ping every wsHeartbeatInterval until conn is closed.
-// It validates the server's pong response via sendAndWait; a failed pong
-// triggers a reconnection by closing the connection.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) heartbeatLoop(conn *websocket.Conn) {
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(wsHeartbeatInterval)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			reqID := wsGenerateID()
-			resp, err := c.sendAndWait(conn, reqID, wsCommand{
-				Cmd:     "ping",
-				Headers: wsHeaders{ReqID: reqID},
-			}, wsHeartbeatInterval)
-			if err != nil {
-				logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Heartbeat failed, closing connection",
-					map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
-				conn.Close()
-				return
-			}
-			if resp.ErrCode != 0 {
-				logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Heartbeat rejected",
-					map[string]any{"errcode": resp.ErrCode, "errmsg": resp.ErrMsg})
-				conn.Close()
-				return
-			}
-			logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Heartbeat pong received", map[string]any{"req_id": reqID})
-		case <-c.ctx.Done():
-			return
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// readLoop reads WebSocket messages and dispatches them until the connection
-// closes or the channel is stopped.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) readLoop(conn *websocket.Conn) error {
-	for {
-		_, raw, err := conn.ReadMessage()
-		if err != nil {
-			select {
-			case <-c.ctx.Done():
-				return nil // clean shutdown
-			default:
-				return fmt.Errorf("read error: %w", err)
-			}
-		}
-
-		var env wsEnvelope
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &env); err != nil {
-			logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to parse WebSocket message",
-				map[string]any{"error": err.Error(), "raw": string(raw)})
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Command responses have an empty Cmd field; forward to any waiting
-		// sendAndWait() call, or silently drop if no one is waiting (e.g.
-		// late responses after timeout).
-		if env.Cmd == "" && env.Headers.ReqID != "" {
-			c.reqPendingMu.Lock()
-			ch, ok := c.reqPending[env.Headers.ReqID]
-			if ok {
-				delete(c.reqPending, env.Headers.ReqID)
-			}
-			c.reqPendingMu.Unlock()
-			if ok {
-				ch <- env
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Dispatch to appropriate handler in a separate goroutine so the
-		// read loop is never blocked by a slow agent.
-		go c.handleEnvelope(env)
-	}
-}
-
-// ---- Message / event handlers ----
-
-// handleEnvelope routes a WebSocket envelope to the right handler.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) handleEnvelope(env wsEnvelope) {
-	switch env.Cmd {
-	case "aibot_msg_callback":
-		c.handleMsgCallback(env)
-	case "aibot_event_callback":
-		c.handleEventCallback(env)
-	default:
-		logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Unhandled WebSocket command",
-			map[string]any{"cmd": env.Cmd})
-	}
-}
-
-// handleMsgCallback processes aibot_msg_callback.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) handleMsgCallback(env wsEnvelope) {
-	var msg WeComAIBotWSMessage
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(env.Body, &msg); err != nil {
-		logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to parse msg callback body",
-			map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Deduplicate by msgid (WeCom may re-deliver on network issues).
-	if msg.MsgID != "" && !c.dedupe.MarkMessageProcessed(msg.MsgID) {
-		logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Duplicate message ignored",
-			map[string]any{"msgid": msg.MsgID})
-		return
-	}
-
-	reqID := env.Headers.ReqID
-	switch msg.MsgType {
-	case "text":
-		c.handleWSTextMessage(reqID, msg)
-	case "image":
-		c.handleWSImageMessage(reqID, msg)
-	case "voice":
-		c.handleWSVoiceMessage(reqID, msg)
-	case "mixed":
-		c.handleWSMixedMessage(reqID, msg)
-	case "file":
-		c.handleWSFileMessage(reqID, msg)
-	case "video":
-		c.handleWSVideoMessage(reqID, msg)
-	default:
-		logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Unsupported message type",
-			map[string]any{"msgtype": msg.MsgType})
-		c.wsSendStreamFinish(reqID, wsGenerateID(),
-			"Unsupported message type: "+msg.MsgType)
-	}
-}
-
-// handleEventCallback processes aibot_event_callback.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) handleEventCallback(env wsEnvelope) {
-	var msg WeComAIBotWSMessage
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(env.Body, &msg); err != nil {
-		logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to parse event callback body",
-			map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Deduplicate by msgid.
-	if msg.MsgID != "" && !c.dedupe.MarkMessageProcessed(msg.MsgID) {
-		logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Duplicate event ignored",
-			map[string]any{"msgid": msg.MsgID})
-		return
-	}
-
-	var eventType string
-	if msg.Event != nil {
-		eventType = msg.Event.EventType
-	}
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Received event callback",
-		map[string]any{"event_type": eventType})
-
-	switch eventType {
-	case "enter_chat":
-		if c.config.WelcomeMessage != "" {
-			c.wsSendWelcomeMsg(env.Headers.ReqID, c.config.WelcomeMessage)
-		}
-	case "disconnected_event":
-		// The server will close this connection after sending this event.
-		// connectLoop will detect the closure and reconnect automatically.
-		logger.WarnC("wecom_aibot",
-			"Received disconnected_event: this connection is being replaced by a newer one")
-	default:
-		logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Unhandled event type",
-			map[string]any{"event_type": eventType})
-	}
-}
-
-// handleWSTextMessage dispatches a plain-text message to the agent and streams
-// the reply back over the WebSocket connection.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) handleWSTextMessage(reqID string, msg WeComAIBotWSMessage) {
-	if msg.Text == nil {
-		logger.ErrorC("wecom_aibot", "text message missing text field")
-		return
-	}
-	c.dispatchWSAgentTask(reqID, msg, msg.Text.Content, nil)
-}
-
-// handleWSImageMessage downloads and stores the inbound image, then dispatches
-// it to the agent as a media-tagged message.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) handleWSImageMessage(reqID string, msg WeComAIBotWSMessage) {
-	if msg.Image == nil {
-		logger.WarnC("wecom_aibot", "Image message missing image field")
-		c.wsSendStreamFinish(reqID, wsGenerateID(), "Image message could not be processed.")
-		return
-	}
-	c.wsHandleMediaMessage(reqID, msg, msg.Image.URL, msg.Image.AESKey, "image")
-}
-
-// wsHandleMediaMessage is a shared helper for image, file and video messages.
-// It downloads the resource, stores it in MediaStore, and dispatches to the agent.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) wsHandleMediaMessage(
-	reqID string, msg WeComAIBotWSMessage,
-	resourceURL, aesKey, label string,
-) {
-	chatID := wsChatID(msg)
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(c.ctx, wsImageDownloadTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	ref, err := c.storeWSMedia(ctx, chatID, msg.MsgID, resourceURL, aesKey, wsLabelToDefaultExt(label))
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to download/store WS "+label,
-			map[string]any{"error": err.Error(), "url": resourceURL})
-		c.wsSendStreamFinish(reqID, wsGenerateID(),
-			strings.ToUpper(label[:1])+label[1:]+" message could not be processed.")
-		return
-	}
-
-	c.dispatchWSAgentTask(reqID, msg, "["+label+"]", []string{ref})
-}
-
-// handleWSMixedMessage handles mixed text+image messages.
-// All text parts are collected into the content string; all image parts are
-// downloaded and stored in MediaStore before dispatching to the agent.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) handleWSMixedMessage(reqID string, msg WeComAIBotWSMessage) {
-	if msg.Mixed == nil {
-		logger.WarnC("wecom_aibot", "Mixed message has no content")
-		c.wsSendStreamFinish(reqID, wsGenerateID(), "Mixed message type is not yet fully supported.")
-		return
-	}
-
-	chatID := wsChatID(msg)
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(c.ctx, wsImageDownloadTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	var textParts []string
-	var mediaRefs []string
-	for _, item := range msg.Mixed.MsgItem {
-		switch item.MsgType {
-		case "text":
-			if item.Text != nil && item.Text.Content != "" {
-				textParts = append(textParts, item.Text.Content)
-			}
-		case "image":
-			if item.Image != nil {
-				ref, err := c.storeWSMedia(ctx, chatID,
-					msg.MsgID+"-"+wsGenerateID(), item.Image.URL, item.Image.AESKey, ".jpg")
-				if err != nil {
-					logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Failed to download/store mixed image",
-						map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
-				} else {
-					mediaRefs = append(mediaRefs, ref)
-				}
-			}
-		default:
-			logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Unsupported item type in mixed message",
-				map[string]any{"msgtype": item.MsgType})
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(textParts) == 0 && len(mediaRefs) == 0 {
-		logger.WarnC("wecom_aibot", "Mixed message has no usable content")
-		c.wsSendStreamFinish(reqID, wsGenerateID(), "Mixed message type is not yet fully supported.")
-		return
-	}
-
-	content := strings.Join(textParts, "\n")
-	if content == "" {
-		content = "[images]"
-	}
-	c.dispatchWSAgentTask(reqID, msg, content, mediaRefs)
-}
-
-// dispatchWSAgentTask registers a new agent task, sends the opening stream frame,
-// and starts a goroutine that runs the agent and streams the reply back.
-// content is the text forwarded to the agent; mediaRefs are optional media
-// store references attached to the inbound message.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) dispatchWSAgentTask(
-	reqID string,
-	msg WeComAIBotWSMessage,
-	content string,
-	mediaRefs []string,
-) {
-	userID := msg.From.UserID
-	if userID == "" {
-		userID = "unknown"
-	}
-	// actualChatID is the real WeCom chat/user ID used for peer identification.
-	// reqID is used as the routing chatID so each turn is independently addressable.
-	actualChatID := wsChatID(msg)
-
-	streamID := wsGenerateID()
-	chatType := wsChatTypeValue(msg.ChatType)
-	taskCtx, taskCancel := context.WithCancel(c.ctx)
-
-	task := &wsTask{
-		ReqID:    reqID,
-		ChatID:   actualChatID,
-		ChatType: chatType,
-		StreamID: streamID,
-		answerCh: make(chan string, 1),
-		ctx:      taskCtx,
-		cancel:   taskCancel,
-	}
-	// Each req_id is unique per WeCom turn; tasks run concurrently, no cancellation.
-	c.setReqState(reqID, &wsReqState{
-		Task: task,
-		Route: wsLateReplyRoute{
-			ChatID:    actualChatID,
-			ChatType:  chatType,
-			ReadyAt:   time.Now().Add(wsStreamMaxDuration),
-			ExpiresAt: time.Now().Add(wsLateReplyRouteTTL),
-		},
-	})
-
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Registered new agent task",
-		map[string]any{"chat_id": actualChatID, "req_id": reqID, "stream_id": streamID})
-
-	// Send an empty stream opening frame (finish=false) immediately.
-	c.wsSendStreamChunk(reqID, streamID, false, "")
-
-	go func() {
-		defer func() {
-			taskCancel()
-			c.clearReqTask(reqID, task)
-		}()
-
-		sender := bus.SenderInfo{
-			Platform:    "wecom_aibot",
-			PlatformID:  userID,
-			CanonicalID: identity.BuildCanonicalID("wecom_aibot", userID),
-			DisplayName: userID,
-		}
-		peerKind := "direct"
-		if msg.ChatType == "group" {
-			peerKind = "group"
-		}
-		peer := bus.Peer{Kind: peerKind, ID: actualChatID}
-		metadata := map[string]string{
-			"channel":   "wecom_aibot",
-			"chat_id":   actualChatID,
-			"chat_type": msg.ChatType,
-			"msg_type":  msg.MsgType,
-			"msgid":     msg.MsgID,
-			"aibotid":   msg.AIBotID,
-			"stream_id": streamID,
-		}
-		// Pass reqID as chatID: OutboundMessage.ChatID = reqID → Send() finds tasks[reqID].
-		c.HandleMessage(taskCtx, peer, reqID, userID, reqID,
-			content, mediaRefs, metadata, sender)
-
-		// Wait for the agent reply. While waiting, send periodic finish=false
-		// hints so the user knows processing is still in progress.
-		// WeCom requires finish=true within 6 minutes of the first stream frame;
-		// wsStreamMaxDuration enforces that limit with a safety margin.
-		waitHints := []string{
-			"⏳ Processing, please wait...",
-			"⏳ Still processing, please wait...",
-			"⏳ Almost there, please wait...",
-		}
-		ticker := time.NewTicker(wsStreamTickInterval)
-		defer ticker.Stop()
-		deadlineTimer := time.NewTimer(wsStreamMaxDuration)
-		defer deadlineTimer.Stop()
-		tickCount := 0
-		for {
-			select {
-			case answer := <-task.answerCh:
-				// Split the answer into byte-bounded chunks and send as stream frames.
-				// All but the last carry finish=false; the final frame closes the stream.
-				chunks := splitWSContent(answer, wsStreamMaxContentBytes)
-				for i, chunk := range chunks {
-					c.wsSendStreamChunk(reqID, streamID, i == len(chunks)-1, chunk)
-				}
-				c.deleteReqState(reqID)
-				return
-			case <-ticker.C:
-				hint := waitHints[tickCount%len(waitHints)]
-				tickCount++
-				logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Sending stream progress hint",
-					map[string]any{"chat_id": actualChatID, "tick": tickCount})
-				c.wsSendStreamChunk(reqID, streamID, false, hint)
-			case <-deadlineTimer.C:
-				logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot",
-					"Stream response deadline reached, closing stream; late reply will be pushed",
-					map[string]any{"chat_id": actualChatID})
-				c.wsSendStreamFinish(reqID, streamID,
-					"⏳ Processing is taking longer than expected, the response will be sent as a follow-up message.")
-				return
-			case <-taskCtx.Done():
-				// Give a short grace period so that a response queued in the bus
-				// just before cancellation can still be delivered.  This closes a
-				// race where a rapid second message cancels this task after the
-				// agent already published but before Send() wrote to answerCh.
-				//
-				// The connection is gone at this point, so we cannot use
-				// wsSendStreamFinish.  Try wsSendActivePush on the (possibly
-				// already-restored) connection; if that also fails, leave the
-				// route intact so Send() can push the reply once reconnected.
-				select {
-				case answer := <-task.answerCh:
-					if err := c.wsSendActivePush(task.ChatID, task.ChatType, answer); err != nil {
-						logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot",
-							"Grace-period push failed after task cancellation; reply may be lost",
-							map[string]any{"req_id": reqID, "chat_id": task.ChatID, "error": err.Error()})
-					} else {
-						c.deleteReqState(reqID)
-					}
-				case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
-				}
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-// handleWSVoiceMessage handles voice messages.
-// WeCom transcribes voice to text in the callback; if the transcription is
-// present it is dispatched as plain text to the agent.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) handleWSVoiceMessage(reqID string, msg WeComAIBotWSMessage) {
-	if msg.Voice != nil && msg.Voice.Content != "" {
-		c.dispatchWSAgentTask(reqID, msg, msg.Voice.Content, nil)
-		return
-	}
-	c.wsSendStreamFinish(reqID, wsGenerateID(), "Voice messages are not yet supported.")
-}
-
-// handleWSFileMessage handles file messages.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) handleWSFileMessage(reqID string, msg WeComAIBotWSMessage) {
-	if msg.File == nil {
-		logger.WarnC("wecom_aibot", "File message missing file field")
-		c.wsSendStreamFinish(reqID, wsGenerateID(), "File message could not be processed.")
-		return
-	}
-	c.wsHandleMediaMessage(reqID, msg, msg.File.URL, msg.File.AESKey, "file")
-}
-
-// handleWSVideoMessage handles video messages.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) handleWSVideoMessage(reqID string, msg WeComAIBotWSMessage) {
-	if msg.Video == nil {
-		logger.WarnC("wecom_aibot", "Video message missing video field")
-		c.wsSendStreamFinish(reqID, wsGenerateID(), "Video message could not be processed.")
-		return
-	}
-	c.wsHandleMediaMessage(reqID, msg, msg.Video.URL, msg.Video.AESKey, "video")
-}
-
-// ---- WebSocket write helpers ----
-
-// wsSendStreamChunk sends an aibot_respond_msg stream frame.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) wsSendStreamChunk(reqID, streamID string, finish bool, content string) {
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Sending stream chunk", map[string]any{
-		"stream_id": streamID,
-		"finish":    finish,
-		"preview":   utils.Truncate(content, 100),
-	})
-	cmd := wsCommand{
-		Cmd:     "aibot_respond_msg",
-		Headers: wsHeaders{ReqID: reqID},
-		Body: wsRespondMsgBody{
-			MsgType: "stream",
-			Stream: &wsStreamContent{
-				ID:      streamID,
-				Finish:  finish,
-				Content: content,
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	if err := c.writeWSAndWait(cmd, wsRespondMsgTimeout); err != nil {
-		logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Stream chunk ack failed", map[string]any{
-			"req_id":    reqID,
-			"stream_id": streamID,
-			"finish":    finish,
-			"error":     err,
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// wsSendStreamFinish sends the final aibot_respond_msg frame (finish=true, no images).
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) wsSendStreamFinish(reqID, streamID, content string) {
-	c.wsSendStreamChunk(reqID, streamID, true, content)
-}
-
-// wsSendWelcomeMsg sends a text welcome message via aibot_respond_welcome_msg.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) wsSendWelcomeMsg(reqID, content string) {
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_aibot", "Sending welcome message", map[string]any{"req_id": reqID})
-	cmd := wsCommand{
-		Cmd:     "aibot_respond_welcome_msg",
-		Headers: wsHeaders{ReqID: reqID},
-		Body: wsRespondMsgBody{
-			MsgType: "text",
-			Text:    &wsTextContent{Content: content},
-		},
-	}
-	if err := c.writeWSAndWait(cmd, wsWelcomeMsgTimeout); err != nil {
-		logger.WarnCF("wecom_aibot", "Welcome message ack failed",
-			map[string]any{"req_id": reqID, "error": err.Error()})
-	}
-}
-
-// wsSendActivePush sends a proactive markdown message using aibot_send_msg.
-// Long content is automatically split into byte-bounded chunks (≤ wsStreamMaxContentBytes
-// each) and delivered as consecutive messages.
-// It is used as a fallback for late replies after stream response window expires.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) wsSendActivePush(chatID string, chatType uint32, content string) error {
-	if chatID == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("chatid is empty")
-	}
-	for _, chunk := range splitWSContent(content, wsStreamMaxContentBytes) {
-		reqID := wsGenerateID()
-		if err := c.writeWSAndWait(wsCommand{
-			Cmd:     "aibot_send_msg",
-			Headers: wsHeaders{ReqID: reqID},
-			Body: wsSendMsgBody{
-				ChatID:   chatID,
-				ChatType: chatType,
-				MsgType:  "markdown",
-				Markdown: &wsMarkdownContent{Content: chunk},
-			},
-		}, wsSendMsgTimeout); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// writeWSAndWait writes cmd to the active connection and validates the command response.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) writeWSAndWait(cmd wsCommand, timeout time.Duration) error {
-	if cmd.Headers.ReqID == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("req_id is empty")
-	}
-
-	c.connMu.Lock()
-	conn := c.conn
-	c.connMu.Unlock()
-	if conn == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("websocket not connected")
-	}
-
-	resp, err := c.sendAndWait(conn, cmd.Headers.ReqID, cmd, timeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if resp.ErrCode != 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("%s rejected (errcode=%d): %s", cmd.Cmd, resp.ErrCode, resp.ErrMsg)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// cancelAllTasks cancels every pending agent task; called when the connection drops.
-// It also expires each task's stream window (ReadyAt = now) so that when the agent
-// eventually delivers its reply via Send(), the message is forwarded via
-// wsSendActivePush on the restored connection instead of being silently discarded.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) cancelAllTasks() {
-	c.reqStatesMu.Lock()
-	defer c.reqStatesMu.Unlock()
-	now := time.Now()
-	for _, state := range c.reqStates {
-		if state != nil && state.Task != nil {
-			state.Task.cancel()
-			state.Task = nil
-			// Expire the stream window immediately so Send() uses wsSendActivePush.
-			state.Route.ReadyAt = now
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) setReqState(reqID string, state *wsReqState) {
-	c.reqStatesMu.Lock()
-	defer c.reqStatesMu.Unlock()
-	now := time.Now()
-	for k, v := range c.reqStates {
-		if v == nil || now.After(v.Route.ExpiresAt) {
-			delete(c.reqStates, k)
-		}
-	}
-	c.reqStates[reqID] = state
-}
-
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) getReqState(reqID string) (*wsTask, wsLateReplyRoute, bool) {
-	c.reqStatesMu.Lock()
-	defer c.reqStatesMu.Unlock()
-	state, ok := c.reqStates[reqID]
-	if !ok || state == nil {
-		return nil, wsLateReplyRoute{}, false
-	}
-	if time.Now().After(state.Route.ExpiresAt) {
-		delete(c.reqStates, reqID)
-		return nil, wsLateReplyRoute{}, false
-	}
-	return state.Task, state.Route, true
-}
-
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) deleteReqState(reqID string) {
-	c.reqStatesMu.Lock()
-	delete(c.reqStates, reqID)
-	c.reqStatesMu.Unlock()
-}
-
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) clearReqTask(reqID string, task *wsTask) {
-	c.reqStatesMu.Lock()
-	defer c.reqStatesMu.Unlock()
-	state, ok := c.reqStates[reqID]
-	if !ok || state == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	if state.Task == task {
-		state.Task = nil
-	}
-}
-
-func wsChatTypeValue(chatType string) uint32 {
-	if chatType == "group" {
-		return 2
-	}
-	return 1
-}
-
-// wsChatID returns the effective chat ID from a WS message.
-// For group messages it is msg.ChatID; for single chats it falls back to the sender's UserID.
-func wsChatID(msg WeComAIBotWSMessage) string {
-	if msg.ChatID != "" {
-		return msg.ChatID
-	}
-	return msg.From.UserID
-}
-
-// wsGenerateID generates a random 10-character alphanumeric ID.
-// It is package-level (not a method) so it can be shared by both channel modes.
-func wsGenerateID() string {
-	return generateRandomID(10)
-}
-
-// ---- Inbound media download helpers ----
-
-// storeWSMedia downloads the resource at resourceURL (with optional AES-CBC
-// decryption) and stores it in the MediaStore. The file extension is inferred
-// from the HTTP Content-Type response header; defaultExt is used as a fallback
-// when the content type is absent or unrecognized.
-func (c *WeComAIBotWSChannel) storeWSMedia(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	chatID, msgID, resourceURL, aesKey, defaultExt string,
-) (string, error) {
-	store := c.GetMediaStore()
-	if store == nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("no media store available")
-	}
-
-	const maxSize = 20 << 20 // 20 MB
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, resourceURL, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("create request: %w", err)
-	}
-	resp, err := wsImageHTTPClient.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("download: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("download HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
-	}
-
-	// Infer file extension from the Content-Type response header.
-	ext := wsMediaExtFromContentType(resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"))
-	if ext == "" {
-		ext = defaultExt
-	}
-
-	// Buffer the media in memory, bounded to maxSize.
-	data, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, int64(maxSize)+1))
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("read media: %w", err)
-	}
-	if len(data) > maxSize {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("media too large (> %d MB)", maxSize>>20)
-	}
-
-	// AES-CBC decryption if a key is present.
-	if aesKey != "" {
-		key, decErr := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(aesKey)
-		if decErr != nil || len(key) != 32 {
-			key, decErr = decodeWeComAESKey(aesKey)
-			if decErr != nil {
-				return "", fmt.Errorf("decode media AES key: %w", decErr)
-			}
-		}
-		data, err = decryptAESCBC(key, data)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("decrypt media: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Write to a temp file. The file is owned by the MediaStore and deleted by
-	// store.ReleaseAll — no caller-side cleanup needed.
-	mediaDir := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "picoclaw_media")
-	if err = os.MkdirAll(mediaDir, 0o700); err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("mkdir: %w", err)
-	}
-	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp(mediaDir, msgID+"-*"+ext)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("create temp file: %w", err)
-	}
-	tmpPath := tmpFile.Name()
-	_, writeErr := tmpFile.Write(data)
-	closeErr := tmpFile.Close()
-	if writeErr != nil {
-		os.Remove(tmpPath)
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("write media: %w", writeErr)
-	}
-	if closeErr != nil {
-		os.Remove(tmpPath)
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("close media: %w", closeErr)
-	}
-
-	scope := channels.BuildMediaScope("wecom_aibot", chatID, msgID)
-	ref, err := store.Store(tmpPath, media.MediaMeta{
-		Filename: msgID + ext,
-		Source:   "wecom_aibot",
-	}, scope)
-	if err != nil {
-		os.Remove(tmpPath)
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("store: %w", err)
-	}
-	return ref, nil
-}
-
-// wsMediaExtFromContentType returns the lowercase file extension (with leading
-// dot) for the given Content-Type value, or "" when the type is unrecognized.
-func wsMediaExtFromContentType(contentType string) string {
-	if contentType == "" {
-		return ""
-	}
-	// Strip parameters (e.g. "image/jpeg; charset=utf-8" → "image/jpeg").
-	mt := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(strings.SplitN(contentType, ";", 2)[0]))
-	switch mt {
-	case "image/jpeg", "image/jpg":
-		return ".jpg"
-	case "image/png":
-		return ".png"
-	case "image/gif":
-		return ".gif"
-	case "image/webp":
-		return ".webp"
-	case "video/mp4":
-		return ".mp4"
-	case "video/mpeg", "video/x-mpeg":
-		return ".mpeg"
-	case "video/quicktime":
-		return ".mov"
-	case "video/webm":
-		return ".webm"
-	case "audio/mpeg", "audio/mp3":
-		return ".mp3"
-	case "audio/ogg":
-		return ".ogg"
-	case "audio/wav":
-		return ".wav"
-	case "application/pdf":
-		return ".pdf"
-	case "application/zip":
-		return ".zip"
-	case "application/x-rar-compressed", "application/vnd.rar":
-		return ".rar"
-	case "text/plain":
-		return ".txt"
-	case "application/msword":
-		return ".doc"
-	case "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document":
-		return ".docx"
-	case "application/vnd.ms-excel":
-		return ".xls"
-	case "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet":
-		return ".xlsx"
-	case "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint":
-		return ".ppt"
-	case "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation":
-		return ".pptx"
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-// wsLabelToDefaultExt returns the default file extension for the given media label
-// used in wsHandleMediaMessage. It is the fallback when Content-Type detection fails.
-func wsLabelToDefaultExt(label string) string {
-	switch label {
-	case "image":
-		return ".jpg"
-	case "video":
-		return ".mp4"
-	default: // "file" and any future labels
-		return ".bin"
-	}
-}
-
-// ---- Content length helpers ----
-
-// splitWSContent splits content into chunks each fitting within maxBytes UTF-8
-// bytes, preserving code block integrity via channels.SplitMessage.
-// When SplitMessage still produces an oversized chunk (e.g. dense CJK content),
-// splitAtByteBoundary is applied as a last-resort byte-level fallback.
-func splitWSContent(content string, maxBytes int) []string {
-	if len(content) <= maxBytes {
-		return []string{content}
-	}
-	// SplitMessage works in runes. Use maxBytes as the rune limit: for pure ASCII
-	// this is exact; for multibyte content the byte verification below catches
-	// any chunk that still overflows.
-	chunks := channels.SplitMessage(content, maxBytes)
-	var result []string
-	for _, chunk := range chunks {
-		if len(chunk) <= maxBytes {
-			result = append(result, chunk)
-		} else {
-			// Still too large in bytes (e.g. dense CJK); force-split at UTF-8 boundaries.
-			result = append(result, splitAtByteBoundary(chunk, maxBytes)...)
-		}
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-// splitAtByteBoundary splits s into parts each ≤ maxBytes bytes by walking back
-// from the hard byte limit to find a valid UTF-8 rune start boundary.
-// This is a last-resort fallback; it does not try to preserve code blocks.
-func splitAtByteBoundary(s string, maxBytes int) []string {
-	var parts []string
-	for len(s) > maxBytes {
-		end := maxBytes
-		// Walk back past any UTF-8 continuation bytes (high two bits == 10).
-		for end > 0 && s[end]>>6 == 0b10 {
-			end--
-		}
-		if end == 0 {
-			end = maxBytes // shouldn't happen with valid UTF-8
-		}
-		parts = append(parts, s[:end])
-		s = strings.TrimLeft(s[end:], " \t\n\r")
-	}
-	if s != "" {
-		parts = append(parts, s)
-	}
-	return parts
-}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/aibot_ws_test.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/aibot_ws_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 0a533da5d..000000000
--- a/pkg/channels/wecom/aibot_ws_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,295 +0,0 @@
-package wecom
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
-)
-
-// newTestWSChannel creates a WeComAIBotWSChannel ready for unit testing.
-func newTestWSChannel(t *testing.T) *WeComAIBotWSChannel {
-	t.Helper()
-	cfg := config.WeComAIBotConfig{
-		Enabled: true,
-		BotID:   "test_bot_id",
-		Secret:  "test_secret",
-	}
-	ch, err := newWeComAIBotWSChannel(cfg, bus.NewMessageBus())
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("create WS channel: %v", err)
-	}
-	return ch
-}
-
-// TestStoreWSMedia_NilStore verifies that storeWSMedia returns an error when no
-// MediaStore has been injected.
-func TestStoreWSMedia_NilStore(t *testing.T) {
-	ch := newTestWSChannel(t)
-	_, err := ch.storeWSMedia(context.Background(), "chat1", "msg1", "http://any", "", ".jpg")
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected error when no MediaStore is set")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestStoreWSMedia_HTTPError verifies that storeWSMedia propagates HTTP errors
-// from the media server.
-func TestStoreWSMedia_HTTPError(t *testing.T) {
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
-		http.Error(w, "not found", http.StatusNotFound)
-	}))
-	defer srv.Close()
-
-	ch := newTestWSChannel(t)
-	ch.SetMediaStore(media.NewFileMediaStore())
-
-	_, err := ch.storeWSMedia(context.Background(), "chat1", "msg1", srv.URL, "", ".jpg")
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected error for HTTP 404")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestStoreWSMedia_ServerUnavailable verifies that storeWSMedia returns a clear
-// error when the media server cannot be reached.
-func TestStoreWSMedia_ServerUnavailable(t *testing.T) {
-	ch := newTestWSChannel(t)
-	ch.SetMediaStore(media.NewFileMediaStore())
-
-	// Port 1 is reserved and will refuse the connection immediately.
-	_, err := ch.storeWSMedia(context.Background(), "chat1", "msg1", "http://127.0.0.1:1", "", ".jpg")
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected error for unreachable server")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestStoreWSMedia_Success_NoAES verifies the happy path: the media is downloaded,
-// a media ref is returned, and the file persists and is readable via Resolve until
-// ReleaseAll is called. The server returns no Content-Type, so the defaultExt is used.
-func TestStoreWSMedia_Success_NoAES(t *testing.T) {
-	imageData := bytes.Repeat([]byte("x"), 256)
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		_, _ = w.Write(imageData)
-	}))
-	defer srv.Close()
-
-	ch := newTestWSChannel(t)
-	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
-	ch.SetMediaStore(store)
-
-	ref, err := ch.storeWSMedia(context.Background(), "chat1", "msg1", srv.URL, "", ".jpg")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected no error, got %v", err)
-	}
-	if ref == "" {
-		t.Fatal("expected non-empty ref")
-	}
-
-	// File must be accessible after storeWSMedia returns (no premature deletion).
-	path, err := store.Resolve(ref)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ref should resolve: %v", err)
-	}
-	got, err := os.ReadFile(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("file should exist at %s: %v", path, err)
-	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(got, imageData) {
-		t.Errorf("content mismatch: got len=%d, want len=%d", len(got), len(imageData))
-	}
-
-	// ReleaseAll must delete the file (store owns lifecycle).
-	scope := channels.BuildMediaScope("wecom_aibot", "chat1", "msg1")
-	if err := store.ReleaseAll(scope); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ReleaseAll failed: %v", err)
-	}
-	if _, err := os.Stat(path); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		t.Errorf("file should have been deleted by ReleaseAll, stat err: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestStoreWSMedia_MultipleMessages verifies that concurrent media messages with
-// different msgIDs do not collide and each resolve to distinct files.
-func TestStoreWSMedia_MultipleMessages(t *testing.T) {
-	imageA := bytes.Repeat([]byte("a"), 64)
-	imageB := bytes.Repeat([]byte("b"), 64)
-
-	srvA := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		_, _ = w.Write(imageA)
-	}))
-	defer srvA.Close()
-	srvB := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		_, _ = w.Write(imageB)
-	}))
-	defer srvB.Close()
-
-	ch := newTestWSChannel(t)
-	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
-	ch.SetMediaStore(store)
-
-	refA, err := ch.storeWSMedia(context.Background(), "chat1", "msgA", srvA.URL, "", ".jpg")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("storeWSMedia A: %v", err)
-	}
-	refB, err := ch.storeWSMedia(context.Background(), "chat1", "msgB", srvB.URL, "", ".jpg")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("storeWSMedia B: %v", err)
-	}
-	if refA == refB {
-		t.Fatal("distinct messages must produce distinct refs")
-	}
-
-	pathA, _ := store.Resolve(refA)
-	pathB, _ := store.Resolve(refB)
-	if pathA == pathB {
-		t.Fatal("distinct messages must be stored at distinct paths")
-	}
-
-	gotA, _ := os.ReadFile(pathA)
-	gotB, _ := os.ReadFile(pathB)
-	if !bytes.Equal(gotA, imageA) {
-		t.Errorf("content mismatch for message A")
-	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(gotB, imageB) {
-		t.Errorf("content mismatch for message B")
-	}
-}
-
-// TestStoreWSMedia_ContentTypeExt verifies that the file extension is inferred
-// from the HTTP Content-Type header and the defaultExt fallback is used when the
-// type is absent or unrecognized.
-func TestStoreWSMedia_ContentTypeExt(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		contentType string
-		wantExt     string
-	}{
-		{"image/jpeg", ".jpg"},
-		{"image/png", ".png"},
-		{"video/mp4", ".mp4"},
-		{"application/pdf", ".pdf"},
-		{"application/zip", ".zip"},
-		// With parameters stripped.
-		{"video/mp4; codecs=avc1", ".mp4"},
-		// Unknown type → falls back to defaultExt.
-		{"", ""},
-		{"application/octet-stream", ""},
-	}
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		got := wsMediaExtFromContentType(tc.contentType)
-		if got != tc.wantExt {
-			t.Errorf("wsMediaExtFromContentType(%q) = %q, want %q", tc.contentType, got, tc.wantExt)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// End-to-end: server returns Content-Type: video/mp4, defaultExt is .bin.
-	// The stored file should carry the .mp4 extension, not .bin.
-	payload := bytes.Repeat([]byte("v"), 128)
-	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
-		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "video/mp4")
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		_, _ = w.Write(payload)
-	}))
-	defer srv.Close()
-
-	ch := newTestWSChannel(t)
-	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
-	ch.SetMediaStore(store)
-
-	ref, err := ch.storeWSMedia(context.Background(), "chat1", "vid1", srv.URL, "", ".bin")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("storeWSMedia: %v", err)
-	}
-	path, err := store.Resolve(ref)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("resolve: %v", err)
-	}
-	if ext := path[len(path)-4:]; ext != ".mp4" {
-		t.Errorf("expected .mp4 extension from Content-Type, got %q", ext)
-	}
-}
-
-// TestSplitWSContent verifies byte-aware splitting of stream content.
-func TestSplitWSContent(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("short content is not split", func(t *testing.T) {
-		chunks := splitWSContent("hello", 20480)
-		if len(chunks) != 1 || chunks[0] != "hello" {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected chunks: %v", chunks)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("ASCII content split at byte boundary", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Build a string just over the limit.
-		content := strings.Repeat("a", 20481)
-		chunks := splitWSContent(content, 20480)
-		if len(chunks) < 2 {
-			t.Fatalf("expected >= 2 chunks, got %d", len(chunks))
-		}
-		for i, c := range chunks {
-			if len(c) > 20480 {
-				t.Errorf("chunk %d has %d bytes, want <= 20480", i, len(c))
-			}
-		}
-		// Reassembled content must equal the original (possibly without leading
-		// whitespace that splitWSContent trims between chunks).
-		joined := strings.Join(chunks, "")
-		if len(joined) < len(content)-len(chunks) {
-			t.Errorf("joined length %d too short (original %d)", len(joined), len(content))
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("CJK content split within byte limit", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Each CJK rune is 3 bytes in UTF-8.
-		// 7000 CJK chars = 21000 bytes, which exceeds 20480.
-		content := strings.Repeat("\u4e2d", 7000)
-		chunks := splitWSContent(content, 20480)
-		if len(chunks) < 2 {
-			t.Fatalf("expected >= 2 chunks for 21000-byte CJK content, got %d", len(chunks))
-		}
-		for i, c := range chunks {
-			if len(c) > 20480 {
-				t.Errorf("chunk %d has %d bytes, want <= 20480", i, len(c))
-			}
-			// Every chunk must be valid UTF-8.
-			if !strings.ContainsRune(c, '\u4e2d') && len(c) > 0 {
-				// quick plausibility check — content was pure CJK
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-// TestSplitAtByteBoundary verifies the last-resort byte-boundary splitter.
-func TestSplitAtByteBoundary(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("ASCII fits in one chunk", func(t *testing.T) {
-		parts := splitAtByteBoundary("hello world", 100)
-		if len(parts) != 1 {
-			t.Fatalf("expected 1 part, got %d", len(parts))
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("splits at byte boundary, never mid-rune", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// 10 CJK characters = 30 bytes; split at 20 bytes.
-		s := strings.Repeat("\u6587", 10) // 10 × 3 bytes = 30 bytes
-		parts := splitAtByteBoundary(s, 20)
-		for i, p := range parts {
-			if len(p) > 20 {
-				t.Errorf("part %d has %d bytes, want <= 20", i, len(p))
-			}
-			// Must be valid UTF-8 (no torn multi-byte sequences).
-			for j, r := range p {
-				if r == '\uFFFD' {
-					t.Errorf("part %d has replacement rune at position %d: torn UTF-8", i, j)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/app.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/app.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 2098fcd4e..000000000
--- a/pkg/channels/wecom/app.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,756 +0,0 @@
-package wecom
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"encoding/xml"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"mime/multipart"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/identity"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/utils"
-)
-
-const (
-	wecomAPIBase = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com"
-)
-
-// WeComAppChannel implements the Channel interface for WeCom App (企业微信自建应用)
-type WeComAppChannel struct {
-	*channels.BaseChannel
-	config        config.WeComAppConfig
-	client        *http.Client
-	accessToken   string
-	tokenExpiry   time.Time
-	tokenMu       sync.RWMutex
-	ctx           context.Context
-	cancel        context.CancelFunc
-	processedMsgs *MessageDeduplicator
-}
-
-// WeComXMLMessage represents the XML message structure from WeCom
-type WeComXMLMessage struct {
-	XMLName      xml.Name `xml:"xml"`
-	ToUserName   string   `xml:"ToUserName"`
-	FromUserName string   `xml:"FromUserName"`
-	CreateTime   int64    `xml:"CreateTime"`
-	MsgType      string   `xml:"MsgType"`
-	Content      string   `xml:"Content"`
-	MsgId        int64    `xml:"MsgId"`
-	AgentID      int64    `xml:"AgentID"`
-	PicUrl       string   `xml:"PicUrl"`
-	MediaId      string   `xml:"MediaId"`
-	Format       string   `xml:"Format"`
-	ThumbMediaId string   `xml:"ThumbMediaId"`
-	LocationX    float64  `xml:"Location_X"`
-	LocationY    float64  `xml:"Location_Y"`
-	Scale        int      `xml:"Scale"`
-	Label        string   `xml:"Label"`
-	Title        string   `xml:"Title"`
-	Description  string   `xml:"Description"`
-	Url          string   `xml:"Url"`
-	Event        string   `xml:"Event"`
-	EventKey     string   `xml:"EventKey"`
-}
-
-// WeComTextMessage represents text message for sending
-type WeComTextMessage struct {
-	ToUser  string `json:"touser"`
-	MsgType string `json:"msgtype"`
-	AgentID int64  `json:"agentid"`
-	Text    struct {
-		Content string `json:"content"`
-	} `json:"text"`
-	Safe int `json:"safe,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// WeComMarkdownMessage represents markdown message for sending
-type WeComMarkdownMessage struct {
-	ToUser   string `json:"touser"`
-	MsgType  string `json:"msgtype"`
-	AgentID  int64  `json:"agentid"`
-	Markdown struct {
-		Content string `json:"content"`
-	} `json:"markdown"`
-}
-
-// WeComImageMessage represents image message for sending
-type WeComImageMessage struct {
-	ToUser  string `json:"touser"`
-	MsgType string `json:"msgtype"`
-	AgentID int64  `json:"agentid"`
-	Image   struct {
-		MediaID string `json:"media_id"`
-	} `json:"image"`
-}
-
-// WeComAccessTokenResponse represents the access token API response
-type WeComAccessTokenResponse struct {
-	ErrCode     int    `json:"errcode"`
-	ErrMsg      string `json:"errmsg"`
-	AccessToken string `json:"access_token"`
-	ExpiresIn   int    `json:"expires_in"`
-}
-
-// WeComSendMessageResponse represents the send message API response
-type WeComSendMessageResponse struct {
-	ErrCode      int    `json:"errcode"`
-	ErrMsg       string `json:"errmsg"`
-	InvalidUser  string `json:"invaliduser"`
-	InvalidParty string `json:"invalidparty"`
-	InvalidTag   string `json:"invalidtag"`
-}
-
-// PKCS7Padding adds PKCS7 padding
-type PKCS7Padding struct{}
-
-// NewWeComAppChannel creates a new WeCom App channel instance
-func NewWeComAppChannel(cfg config.WeComAppConfig, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) (*WeComAppChannel, error) {
-	if cfg.CorpID == "" || cfg.CorpSecret == "" || cfg.AgentID == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wecom_app corp_id, corp_secret and agent_id are required")
-	}
-
-	base := channels.NewBaseChannel("wecom_app", cfg, messageBus, cfg.AllowFrom,
-		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(2048),
-		channels.WithGroupTrigger(cfg.GroupTrigger),
-		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(cfg.ReasoningChannelID),
-	)
-
-	// Client timeout must be >= the configured ReplyTimeout so the
-	// per-request context deadline is always the effective limit.
-	clientTimeout := 30 * time.Second
-	if d := time.Duration(cfg.ReplyTimeout) * time.Second; d > clientTimeout {
-		clientTimeout = d
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	return &WeComAppChannel{
-		BaseChannel:   base,
-		config:        cfg,
-		client:        &http.Client{Timeout: clientTimeout},
-		ctx:           ctx,
-		cancel:        cancel,
-		processedMsgs: NewMessageDeduplicator(wecomMaxProcessedMessages),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// Name returns the channel name
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) Name() string {
-	return "wecom_app"
-}
-
-// Start initializes the WeCom App channel
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_app", "Starting WeCom App channel...")
-
-	// Cancel the context created in the constructor to avoid a resource leak.
-	if c.cancel != nil {
-		c.cancel()
-	}
-	c.ctx, c.cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
-
-	// Get initial access token
-	if err := c.refreshAccessToken(); err != nil {
-		logger.WarnCF("wecom_app", "Failed to get initial access token", map[string]any{
-			"error": err.Error(),
-		})
-	}
-
-	// Start token refresh goroutine
-	go c.tokenRefreshLoop()
-
-	c.SetRunning(true)
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_app", "WeCom App channel started")
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Stop gracefully stops the WeCom App channel
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_app", "Stopping WeCom App channel...")
-
-	if c.cancel != nil {
-		c.cancel()
-	}
-
-	c.SetRunning(false)
-	logger.InfoC("wecom_app", "WeCom App channel stopped")
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Send sends a message to WeCom user proactively using access token
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) Send(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMessage) error {
-	if !c.IsRunning() {
-		return channels.ErrNotRunning
-	}
-
-	accessToken := c.getAccessToken()
-	if accessToken == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no valid access token available")
-	}
-
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_app", "Sending message", map[string]any{
-		"chat_id": msg.ChatID,
-		"preview": utils.Truncate(msg.Content, 100),
-	})
-
-	return c.sendTextMessage(ctx, accessToken, msg.ChatID, msg.Content)
-}
-
-// SendMedia implements the channels.MediaSender interface.
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) SendMedia(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) error {
-	if !c.IsRunning() {
-		return channels.ErrNotRunning
-	}
-
-	accessToken := c.getAccessToken()
-	if accessToken == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no valid access token available: %w", channels.ErrTemporary)
-	}
-
-	store := c.GetMediaStore()
-	if store == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no media store available: %w", channels.ErrSendFailed)
-	}
-
-	for _, part := range msg.Parts {
-		localPath, err := store.Resolve(part.Ref)
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.ErrorCF("wecom_app", "Failed to resolve media ref", map[string]any{
-				"ref":   part.Ref,
-				"error": err.Error(),
-			})
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Map part type to WeCom media type
-		var mediaType string
-		switch part.Type {
-		case "image":
-			mediaType = "image"
-		case "audio":
-			mediaType = "voice"
-		case "video":
-			mediaType = "video"
-		default:
-			mediaType = "file"
-		}
-
-		// Upload media to get media_id
-		mediaID, err := c.uploadMedia(ctx, accessToken, mediaType, localPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			logger.ErrorCF("wecom_app", "Failed to upload media", map[string]any{
-				"type":  mediaType,
-				"error": err.Error(),
-			})
-			// Fallback: send caption as text
-			if part.Caption != "" {
-				_ = c.sendTextMessage(ctx, accessToken, msg.ChatID, part.Caption)
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// Send media message using the media_id
-		if mediaType == "image" {
-			err = c.sendImageMessage(ctx, accessToken, msg.ChatID, mediaID)
-		} else {
-			// For non-image types, send as text fallback with caption
-			caption := part.Caption
-			if caption == "" {
-				caption = fmt.Sprintf("[%s: %s]", part.Type, part.Filename)
-			}
-			err = c.sendTextMessage(ctx, accessToken, msg.ChatID, caption)
-		}
-
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// uploadMedia uploads a local file to WeCom temporary media storage.
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) uploadMedia(ctx context.Context, accessToken, mediaType, localPath string) (string, error) {
-	apiURL := fmt.Sprintf("%s/cgi-bin/media/upload?access_token=%s&type=%s",
-		wecomAPIBase, url.QueryEscape(accessToken), url.QueryEscape(mediaType))
-
-	file, err := os.Open(localPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to open file: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer file.Close()
-
-	body := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	writer := multipart.NewWriter(body)
-
-	filename := filepath.Base(localPath)
-	formFile, err := writer.CreateFormFile("media", filename)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create form file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if _, err = io.Copy(formFile, file); err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to copy file content: %w", err)
-	}
-	writer.Close()
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, apiURL, body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
-	}
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
-
-	resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", channels.ClassifyNetError(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		respBody, readErr := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		if readErr != nil {
-			return "", channels.ClassifySendError(
-				resp.StatusCode,
-				fmt.Errorf("reading wecom upload error response: %w", readErr),
-			)
-		}
-		return "", channels.ClassifySendError(
-			resp.StatusCode,
-			fmt.Errorf("wecom upload error: %s", string(respBody)),
-		)
-	}
-
-	var result struct {
-		ErrCode int    `json:"errcode"`
-		ErrMsg  string `json:"errmsg"`
-		MediaID string `json:"media_id"`
-	}
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&result); err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse upload response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if result.ErrCode != 0 {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("upload API error: %s (code: %d)", result.ErrMsg, result.ErrCode)
-	}
-
-	return result.MediaID, nil
-}
-
-// sendWeComMessage marshals payload and POSTs it to the WeCom message API.
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) sendWeComMessage(ctx context.Context, accessToken string, payload any) error {
-	apiURL := fmt.Sprintf("%s/cgi-bin/message/send?access_token=%s", wecomAPIBase, accessToken)
-
-	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(payload)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal message: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	timeout := c.config.ReplyTimeout
-	if timeout <= 0 {
-		timeout = 5
-	}
-
-	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Duration(timeout)*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(reqCtx, http.MethodPost, apiURL, bytes.NewBuffer(jsonData))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
-	}
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-
-	resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return channels.ClassifyNetError(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		respBody, readErr := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		if readErr != nil {
-			return channels.ClassifySendError(
-				resp.StatusCode,
-				fmt.Errorf("reading wecom_app error response: %w", readErr),
-			)
-		}
-		return channels.ClassifySendError(
-			resp.StatusCode,
-			fmt.Errorf("wecom_app API error: %s", string(respBody)),
-		)
-	}
-
-	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var sendResp WeComSendMessageResponse
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(respBody, &sendResp); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if sendResp.ErrCode != 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("API error: %s (code: %d)", sendResp.ErrMsg, sendResp.ErrCode)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// sendImageMessage sends an image message using a media_id.
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) sendImageMessage(ctx context.Context, accessToken, userID, mediaID string) error {
-	msg := WeComImageMessage{
-		ToUser:  userID,
-		MsgType: "image",
-		AgentID: c.config.AgentID,
-	}
-	msg.Image.MediaID = mediaID
-	return c.sendWeComMessage(ctx, accessToken, msg)
-}
-
-// WebhookPath returns the path for registering on the shared HTTP server.
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) WebhookPath() string {
-	if c.config.WebhookPath != "" {
-		return c.config.WebhookPath
-	}
-	return "/webhook/wecom-app"
-}
-
-// ServeHTTP implements http.Handler for the shared HTTP server.
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	c.handleWebhook(w, r)
-}
-
-// HealthPath returns the health check endpoint path.
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) HealthPath() string {
-	return "/health/wecom-app"
-}
-
-// HealthHandler handles health check requests.
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) HealthHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	c.handleHealth(w, r)
-}
-
-// handleWebhook handles incoming webhook requests from WeCom
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) handleWebhook(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	ctx := r.Context()
-
-	// Log all incoming requests for debugging
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_app", "Received webhook request", map[string]any{
-		"method": r.Method,
-		"url":    r.URL.String(),
-		"path":   r.URL.Path,
-		"query":  r.URL.RawQuery,
-	})
-
-	if r.Method == http.MethodGet {
-		// Handle verification request
-		c.handleVerification(ctx, w, r)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if r.Method == http.MethodPost {
-		// Handle message callback
-		c.handleMessageCallback(ctx, w, r)
-		return
-	}
-
-	logger.WarnCF("wecom_app", "Method not allowed", map[string]any{
-		"method": r.Method,
-	})
-	http.Error(w, "Method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
-}
-
-// handleVerification handles the URL verification request from WeCom
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) handleVerification(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	query := r.URL.Query()
-	msgSignature := query.Get("msg_signature")
-	timestamp := query.Get("timestamp")
-	nonce := query.Get("nonce")
-	echostr := query.Get("echostr")
-
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_app", "Handling verification request", map[string]any{
-		"msg_signature": msgSignature,
-		"timestamp":     timestamp,
-		"nonce":         nonce,
-		"echostr":       echostr,
-		"corp_id":       c.config.CorpID,
-	})
-
-	if msgSignature == "" || timestamp == "" || nonce == "" || echostr == "" {
-		logger.ErrorC("wecom_app", "Missing parameters in verification request")
-		http.Error(w, "Missing parameters", http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Verify signature
-	if !verifySignature(c.config.Token, msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, echostr) {
-		logger.WarnCF("wecom_app", "Signature verification failed", map[string]any{
-			"token":         c.config.Token,
-			"msg_signature": msgSignature,
-			"timestamp":     timestamp,
-			"nonce":         nonce,
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Invalid signature", http.StatusForbidden)
-		return
-	}
-
-	logger.DebugC("wecom_app", "Signature verification passed")
-
-	// Decrypt echostr with CorpID verification
-	// For WeCom App (自建应用), receiveid should be corp_id
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_app", "Attempting to decrypt echostr", map[string]any{
-		"encoding_aes_key": c.config.EncodingAESKey,
-		"corp_id":          c.config.CorpID,
-	})
-	decryptedEchoStr, err := decryptMessageWithVerify(echostr, c.config.EncodingAESKey, c.config.CorpID)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom_app", "Failed to decrypt echostr", map[string]any{
-			"error":            err.Error(),
-			"encoding_aes_key": c.config.EncodingAESKey,
-			"corp_id":          c.config.CorpID,
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Decryption failed", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_app", "Successfully decrypted echostr", map[string]any{
-		"decrypted": decryptedEchoStr,
-	})
-
-	// Remove BOM and whitespace as per WeCom documentation
-	// The response must be plain text without quotes, BOM, or newlines
-	decryptedEchoStr = strings.TrimSpace(decryptedEchoStr)
-	decryptedEchoStr = strings.TrimPrefix(decryptedEchoStr, "\xef\xbb\xbf") // Remove UTF-8 BOM
-	w.Write([]byte(decryptedEchoStr))
-}
-
-// handleMessageCallback handles incoming messages from WeCom
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) handleMessageCallback(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	query := r.URL.Query()
-	msgSignature := query.Get("msg_signature")
-	timestamp := query.Get("timestamp")
-	nonce := query.Get("nonce")
-
-	if msgSignature == "" || timestamp == "" || nonce == "" {
-		http.Error(w, "Missing parameters", http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Read request body
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		http.Error(w, "Failed to read body", http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-
-	// Parse XML to get encrypted message
-	var encryptedMsg struct {
-		XMLName    xml.Name `xml:"xml"`
-		ToUserName string   `xml:"ToUserName"`
-		Encrypt    string   `xml:"Encrypt"`
-		AgentID    string   `xml:"AgentID"`
-	}
-
-	if err = xml.Unmarshal(body, &encryptedMsg); err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom_app", "Failed to parse XML", map[string]any{
-			"error": err.Error(),
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Invalid XML", http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Verify signature
-	if !verifySignature(c.config.Token, msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, encryptedMsg.Encrypt) {
-		logger.WarnC("wecom_app", "Message signature verification failed")
-		http.Error(w, "Invalid signature", http.StatusForbidden)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Decrypt message with CorpID verification
-	// For WeCom App (自建应用), receiveid should be corp_id
-	decryptedMsg, err := decryptMessageWithVerify(encryptedMsg.Encrypt, c.config.EncodingAESKey, c.config.CorpID)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom_app", "Failed to decrypt message", map[string]any{
-			"error": err.Error(),
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Decryption failed", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Parse decrypted XML message
-	var msg WeComXMLMessage
-	if err := xml.Unmarshal([]byte(decryptedMsg), &msg); err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom_app", "Failed to parse decrypted message", map[string]any{
-			"error": err.Error(),
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Invalid message format", http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Process the message with the channel's long-lived context (not the HTTP
-	// request context, which is canceled as soon as we return the response).
-	go c.processMessage(c.ctx, msg)
-
-	// Return success response immediately
-	// WeCom App requires response within configured timeout (default 5 seconds)
-	w.Write([]byte("success"))
-}
-
-// processMessage processes the received message
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) processMessage(ctx context.Context, msg WeComXMLMessage) {
-	// Skip non-text messages for now (can be extended)
-	if msg.MsgType != "text" && msg.MsgType != "image" && msg.MsgType != "voice" {
-		logger.DebugCF("wecom_app", "Skipping non-supported message type", map[string]any{
-			"msg_type": msg.MsgType,
-		})
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Message deduplication: Use msg_id to prevent duplicate processing
-	// As per WeCom documentation, use msg_id for deduplication
-	msgID := fmt.Sprintf("%d", msg.MsgId)
-	if !c.processedMsgs.MarkMessageProcessed(msgID) {
-		logger.DebugCF("wecom_app", "Skipping duplicate message", map[string]any{
-			"msg_id": msgID,
-		})
-		return
-	}
-
-	senderID := msg.FromUserName
-	chatID := senderID // WeCom App uses user ID as chat ID for direct messages
-
-	// Build metadata
-	// WeCom App only supports direct messages (private chat)
-	peer := bus.Peer{Kind: "direct", ID: senderID}
-	messageID := fmt.Sprintf("%d", msg.MsgId)
-
-	metadata := map[string]string{
-		"msg_type":    msg.MsgType,
-		"msg_id":      fmt.Sprintf("%d", msg.MsgId),
-		"agent_id":    fmt.Sprintf("%d", msg.AgentID),
-		"platform":    "wecom_app",
-		"media_id":    msg.MediaId,
-		"create_time": fmt.Sprintf("%d", msg.CreateTime),
-	}
-
-	content := msg.Content
-
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom_app", "Received message", map[string]any{
-		"sender_id": senderID,
-		"msg_type":  msg.MsgType,
-		"preview":   utils.Truncate(content, 50),
-	})
-
-	// Build sender info
-	appSender := bus.SenderInfo{
-		Platform:    "wecom",
-		PlatformID:  senderID,
-		CanonicalID: identity.BuildCanonicalID("wecom", senderID),
-	}
-
-	// Handle the message through the base channel
-	c.HandleMessage(ctx, peer, messageID, senderID, chatID, content, nil, metadata, appSender)
-}
-
-// tokenRefreshLoop periodically refreshes the access token
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) tokenRefreshLoop() {
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Minute)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-c.ctx.Done():
-			return
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			if err := c.refreshAccessToken(); err != nil {
-				logger.ErrorCF("wecom_app", "Failed to refresh access token", map[string]any{
-					"error": err.Error(),
-				})
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// refreshAccessToken gets a new access token from WeCom API
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) refreshAccessToken() error {
-	apiURL := fmt.Sprintf("%s/cgi-bin/gettoken?corpid=%s&corpsecret=%s",
-		wecomAPIBase, url.QueryEscape(c.config.CorpID), url.QueryEscape(c.config.CorpSecret))
-
-	resp, err := http.Get(apiURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to request access token: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var tokenResp WeComAccessTokenResponse
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &tokenResp); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if tokenResp.ErrCode != 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("API error: %s (code: %d)", tokenResp.ErrMsg, tokenResp.ErrCode)
-	}
-
-	c.tokenMu.Lock()
-	c.accessToken = tokenResp.AccessToken
-	c.tokenExpiry = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(tokenResp.ExpiresIn-300) * time.Second) // Refresh 5 minutes early
-	c.tokenMu.Unlock()
-
-	logger.DebugC("wecom_app", "Access token refreshed successfully")
-	return nil
-}
-
-// getAccessToken returns the current valid access token
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) getAccessToken() string {
-	c.tokenMu.RLock()
-	defer c.tokenMu.RUnlock()
-
-	if time.Now().After(c.tokenExpiry) {
-		return ""
-	}
-
-	return c.accessToken
-}
-
-// sendTextMessage sends a text message to a user.
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) sendTextMessage(ctx context.Context, accessToken, userID, content string) error {
-	msg := WeComTextMessage{
-		ToUser:  userID,
-		MsgType: "text",
-		AgentID: c.config.AgentID,
-	}
-	msg.Text.Content = content
-	return c.sendWeComMessage(ctx, accessToken, msg)
-}
-
-// handleHealth handles health check requests
-func (c *WeComAppChannel) handleHealth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	status := map[string]any{
-		"status":    "ok",
-		"running":   c.IsRunning(),
-		"has_token": c.getAccessToken() != "",
-	}
-
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(status)
-}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/app_test.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/app_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d07041ad..000000000
--- a/pkg/channels/wecom/app_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1069 +0,0 @@
-package wecom
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"crypto/aes"
-	"crypto/cipher"
-	"crypto/sha1"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"encoding/xml"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
-)
-
-// generateTestAESKeyApp generates a valid test AES key for WeCom App
-func generateTestAESKeyApp() string {
-	// AES key needs to be 32 bytes (256 bits) for AES-256
-	key := make([]byte, 32)
-	for i := range key {
-		key[i] = byte(i + 1)
-	}
-	// Return base64 encoded key without padding
-	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(key)[:43]
-}
-
-// encryptTestMessageApp encrypts a message for testing WeCom App
-func encryptTestMessageApp(message, aesKey string) (string, error) {
-	// Decode AES key
-	key, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(aesKey + "=")
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	// Prepare message: random(16) + msg_len(4) + msg + corp_id
-	random := make([]byte, 0, 16)
-	for i := range 16 {
-		random = append(random, byte(i+1))
-	}
-
-	msgBytes := []byte(message)
-	corpID := []byte("test_corp_id")
-
-	msgLen := uint32(len(msgBytes))
-	lenBytes := make([]byte, 4)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(lenBytes, msgLen)
-
-	plainText := append(random, lenBytes...)
-	plainText = append(plainText, msgBytes...)
-	plainText = append(plainText, corpID...)
-
-	// PKCS7 padding
-	blockSize := aes.BlockSize
-	padding := blockSize - len(plainText)%blockSize
-	padText := bytes.Repeat([]byte{byte(padding)}, padding)
-	plainText = append(plainText, padText...)
-
-	// Encrypt
-	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	mode := cipher.NewCBCEncrypter(block, key[:aes.BlockSize])
-	cipherText := make([]byte, len(plainText))
-	mode.CryptBlocks(cipherText, plainText)
-
-	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(cipherText), nil
-}
-
-// generateSignatureApp generates a signature for testing WeCom App
-func generateSignatureApp(token, timestamp, nonce, msgEncrypt string) string {
-	params := []string{token, timestamp, nonce, msgEncrypt}
-	sort.Strings(params)
-	str := strings.Join(params, "")
-	hash := sha1.Sum([]byte(str))
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%x", hash)
-}
-
-func TestNewWeComAppChannel(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-
-	t.Run("missing corp_id", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-			CorpID:     "",
-			CorpSecret: "test_secret",
-			AgentID:    1000002,
-		}
-		_, err := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Error("expected error for missing corp_id, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("missing corp_secret", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-			CorpID:     "test_corp_id",
-			CorpSecret: "",
-			AgentID:    1000002,
-		}
-		_, err := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Error("expected error for missing corp_secret, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("missing agent_id", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-			CorpID:     "test_corp_id",
-			CorpSecret: "test_secret",
-			AgentID:    0,
-		}
-		_, err := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Error("expected error for missing agent_id, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("valid config", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-			CorpID:     "test_corp_id",
-			CorpSecret: "test_secret",
-			AgentID:    1000002,
-			AllowFrom:  []string{"user1", "user2"},
-		}
-		ch, err := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if ch.Name() != "wecom_app" {
-			t.Errorf("Name() = %q, want %q", ch.Name(), "wecom_app")
-		}
-		if ch.IsRunning() {
-			t.Error("new channel should not be running")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppChannelIsAllowed(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-
-	t.Run("empty allowlist allows all", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-			CorpID:     "test_corp_id",
-			CorpSecret: "test_secret",
-			AgentID:    1000002,
-			AllowFrom:  []string{},
-		}
-		ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-		if !ch.IsAllowed("any_user") {
-			t.Error("empty allowlist should allow all users")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("allowlist restricts users", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-			CorpID:     "test_corp_id",
-			CorpSecret: "test_secret",
-			AgentID:    1000002,
-			AllowFrom:  []string{"allowed_user"},
-		}
-		ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-		if !ch.IsAllowed("allowed_user") {
-			t.Error("allowed user should pass allowlist check")
-		}
-		if ch.IsAllowed("blocked_user") {
-			t.Error("non-allowed user should be blocked")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppVerifySignature(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-		CorpID:     "test_corp_id",
-		CorpSecret: "test_secret",
-		AgentID:    1000002,
-		Token:      "test_token",
-	}
-	ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-	t.Run("valid signature", func(t *testing.T) {
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		msgEncrypt := "test_message"
-		expectedSig := generateSignatureApp("test_token", timestamp, nonce, msgEncrypt)
-
-		if !verifySignature(ch.config.Token, expectedSig, timestamp, nonce, msgEncrypt) {
-			t.Error("valid signature should pass verification")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid signature", func(t *testing.T) {
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		msgEncrypt := "test_message"
-
-		if verifySignature(ch.config.Token, "invalid_sig", timestamp, nonce, msgEncrypt) {
-			t.Error("invalid signature should fail verification")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("empty token rejects verification (fail-closed)", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfgEmpty := config.WeComAppConfig{
-			CorpID:     "test_corp_id",
-			CorpSecret: "test_secret",
-			AgentID:    1000002,
-			Token:      "",
-		}
-		chEmpty, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfgEmpty, msgBus)
-
-		if verifySignature(chEmpty.config.Token, "any_sig", "any_ts", "any_nonce", "any_msg") {
-			t.Error("empty token should reject verification (fail-closed)")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppDecryptMessage(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-
-	t.Run("decrypt without AES key", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-			CorpID:         "test_corp_id",
-			CorpSecret:     "test_secret",
-			AgentID:        1000002,
-			EncodingAESKey: "",
-		}
-		ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-		// Without AES key, message should be base64 decoded only
-		plainText := "hello world"
-		encoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(plainText))
-
-		result, err := decryptMessage(encoded, ch.config.EncodingAESKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if result != plainText {
-			t.Errorf("decryptMessage() = %q, want %q", result, plainText)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("decrypt with AES key", func(t *testing.T) {
-		aesKey := generateTestAESKeyApp()
-		cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-			CorpID:         "test_corp_id",
-			CorpSecret:     "test_secret",
-			AgentID:        1000002,
-			EncodingAESKey: aesKey,
-		}
-		ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-		originalMsg := "<xml><Content>Hello</Content></xml>"
-		encrypted, err := encryptTestMessageApp(originalMsg, aesKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("failed to encrypt test message: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		result, err := decryptMessage(encrypted, ch.config.EncodingAESKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if result != originalMsg {
-			t.Errorf("WeComDecryptMessage() = %q, want %q", result, originalMsg)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid base64", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-			CorpID:         "test_corp_id",
-			CorpSecret:     "test_secret",
-			AgentID:        1000002,
-			EncodingAESKey: "",
-		}
-		ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-		_, err := decryptMessage("invalid_base64!!!", ch.config.EncodingAESKey)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Error("expected error for invalid base64, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid AES key", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-			CorpID:         "test_corp_id",
-			CorpSecret:     "test_secret",
-			AgentID:        1000002,
-			EncodingAESKey: "invalid_key",
-		}
-		ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-		_, err := decryptMessage(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("test")), ch.config.EncodingAESKey)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Error("expected error for invalid AES key, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("ciphertext too short", func(t *testing.T) {
-		aesKey := generateTestAESKeyApp()
-		cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-			CorpID:         "test_corp_id",
-			CorpSecret:     "test_secret",
-			AgentID:        1000002,
-			EncodingAESKey: aesKey,
-		}
-		ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-		// Encrypt a very short message that results in ciphertext less than block size
-		shortData := make([]byte, 8)
-		_, err := decryptMessage(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(shortData), ch.config.EncodingAESKey)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Error("expected error for short ciphertext, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppHandleVerification(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	aesKey := generateTestAESKeyApp()
-	cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-		CorpID:         "test_corp_id",
-		CorpSecret:     "test_secret",
-		AgentID:        1000002,
-		Token:          "test_token",
-		EncodingAESKey: aesKey,
-	}
-	ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-	t.Run("valid verification request", func(t *testing.T) {
-		echostr := "test_echostr_123"
-		encryptedEchostr, _ := encryptTestMessageApp(echostr, aesKey)
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		signature := generateSignatureApp("test_token", timestamp, nonce, encryptedEchostr)
-
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodGet,
-			"/webhook/wecom-app?msg_signature="+signature+"&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce+"&echostr="+encryptedEchostr,
-			nil,
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleVerification(context.Background(), w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusOK)
-		}
-		if w.Body.String() != echostr {
-			t.Errorf("response body = %q, want %q", w.Body.String(), echostr)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("missing parameters", func(t *testing.T) {
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/webhook/wecom-app?msg_signature=sig&timestamp=ts", nil)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleVerification(context.Background(), w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid signature", func(t *testing.T) {
-		echostr := "test_echostr"
-		encryptedEchostr, _ := encryptTestMessageApp(echostr, aesKey)
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodGet,
-			"/webhook/wecom-app?msg_signature=invalid_sig&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce+"&echostr="+encryptedEchostr,
-			nil,
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleVerification(context.Background(), w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusForbidden)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppHandleMessageCallback(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	aesKey := generateTestAESKeyApp()
-	cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-		CorpID:         "test_corp_id",
-		CorpSecret:     "test_secret",
-		AgentID:        1000002,
-		Token:          "test_token",
-		EncodingAESKey: aesKey,
-	}
-	ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-	t.Run("valid message callback", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Create XML message
-		xmlMsg := WeComXMLMessage{
-			ToUserName:   "corp_id",
-			FromUserName: "user123",
-			CreateTime:   1234567890,
-			MsgType:      "text",
-			Content:      "Hello World",
-			MsgId:        123456,
-			AgentID:      1000002,
-		}
-		xmlData, _ := xml.Marshal(xmlMsg)
-
-		// Encrypt message
-		encrypted, _ := encryptTestMessageApp(string(xmlData), aesKey)
-
-		// Create encrypted XML wrapper
-		encryptedWrapper := struct {
-			XMLName xml.Name `xml:"xml"`
-			Encrypt string   `xml:"Encrypt"`
-		}{
-			Encrypt: encrypted,
-		}
-		wrapperData, _ := xml.Marshal(encryptedWrapper)
-
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		signature := generateSignatureApp("test_token", timestamp, nonce, encrypted)
-
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodPost,
-			"/webhook/wecom-app?msg_signature="+signature+"&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce,
-			bytes.NewReader(wrapperData),
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleMessageCallback(context.Background(), w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusOK)
-		}
-		if w.Body.String() != "success" {
-			t.Errorf("response body = %q, want %q", w.Body.String(), "success")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("missing parameters", func(t *testing.T) {
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/webhook/wecom-app?msg_signature=sig", nil)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleMessageCallback(context.Background(), w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid XML", func(t *testing.T) {
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		signature := generateSignatureApp("test_token", timestamp, nonce, "")
-
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodPost,
-			"/webhook/wecom-app?msg_signature="+signature+"&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce,
-			strings.NewReader("invalid xml"),
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleMessageCallback(context.Background(), w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid signature", func(t *testing.T) {
-		encryptedWrapper := struct {
-			XMLName xml.Name `xml:"xml"`
-			Encrypt string   `xml:"Encrypt"`
-		}{
-			Encrypt: "encrypted_data",
-		}
-		wrapperData, _ := xml.Marshal(encryptedWrapper)
-
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodPost,
-			"/webhook/wecom-app?msg_signature=invalid_sig&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce,
-			bytes.NewReader(wrapperData),
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleMessageCallback(context.Background(), w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusForbidden)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppProcessMessage(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-		CorpID:     "test_corp_id",
-		CorpSecret: "test_secret",
-		AgentID:    1000002,
-	}
-	ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-	t.Run("process text message", func(t *testing.T) {
-		msg := WeComXMLMessage{
-			ToUserName:   "corp_id",
-			FromUserName: "user123",
-			CreateTime:   1234567890,
-			MsgType:      "text",
-			Content:      "Hello World",
-			MsgId:        123456,
-			AgentID:      1000002,
-		}
-
-		// Should not panic
-		ch.processMessage(context.Background(), msg)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("process image message", func(t *testing.T) {
-		msg := WeComXMLMessage{
-			ToUserName:   "corp_id",
-			FromUserName: "user123",
-			CreateTime:   1234567890,
-			MsgType:      "image",
-			PicUrl:       "https://example.com/image.jpg",
-			MediaId:      "media_123",
-			MsgId:        123456,
-			AgentID:      1000002,
-		}
-
-		// Should not panic
-		ch.processMessage(context.Background(), msg)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("process voice message", func(t *testing.T) {
-		msg := WeComXMLMessage{
-			ToUserName:   "corp_id",
-			FromUserName: "user123",
-			CreateTime:   1234567890,
-			MsgType:      "voice",
-			MediaId:      "media_123",
-			Format:       "amr",
-			MsgId:        123456,
-			AgentID:      1000002,
-		}
-
-		// Should not panic
-		ch.processMessage(context.Background(), msg)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("skip unsupported message type", func(t *testing.T) {
-		msg := WeComXMLMessage{
-			ToUserName:   "corp_id",
-			FromUserName: "user123",
-			CreateTime:   1234567890,
-			MsgType:      "video",
-			MsgId:        123456,
-			AgentID:      1000002,
-		}
-
-		// Should not panic
-		ch.processMessage(context.Background(), msg)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("process event message", func(t *testing.T) {
-		msg := WeComXMLMessage{
-			ToUserName:   "corp_id",
-			FromUserName: "user123",
-			CreateTime:   1234567890,
-			MsgType:      "event",
-			Event:        "subscribe",
-			MsgId:        123456,
-			AgentID:      1000002,
-		}
-
-		// Should not panic
-		ch.processMessage(context.Background(), msg)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppHandleWebhook(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-		CorpID:     "test_corp_id",
-		CorpSecret: "test_secret",
-		AgentID:    1000002,
-		Token:      "test_token",
-	}
-	ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-	t.Run("GET request calls verification", func(t *testing.T) {
-		echostr := "test_echostr"
-		encoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(echostr))
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		signature := generateSignatureApp("test_token", timestamp, nonce, encoded)
-
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodGet,
-			"/webhook/wecom-app?msg_signature="+signature+"&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce+"&echostr="+encoded,
-			nil,
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleWebhook(w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusOK)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("POST request calls message callback", func(t *testing.T) {
-		encryptedWrapper := struct {
-			XMLName xml.Name `xml:"xml"`
-			Encrypt string   `xml:"Encrypt"`
-		}{
-			Encrypt: base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("test")),
-		}
-		wrapperData, _ := xml.Marshal(encryptedWrapper)
-
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		signature := generateSignatureApp("test_token", timestamp, nonce, encryptedWrapper.Encrypt)
-
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodPost,
-			"/webhook/wecom-app?msg_signature="+signature+"&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce,
-			bytes.NewReader(wrapperData),
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleWebhook(w, req)
-
-		// Should not be method not allowed
-		if w.Code == http.StatusMethodNotAllowed {
-			t.Error("POST request should not return Method Not Allowed")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("unsupported method", func(t *testing.T) {
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "/webhook/wecom-app", nil)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleWebhook(w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusMethodNotAllowed {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppHandleHealth(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-		CorpID:     "test_corp_id",
-		CorpSecret: "test_secret",
-		AgentID:    1000002,
-	}
-	ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/health/wecom-app", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	ch.handleHealth(w, req)
-
-	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusOK)
-	}
-
-	contentType := w.Header().Get("Content-Type")
-	if contentType != "application/json" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type = %q, want %q", contentType, "application/json")
-	}
-
-	body := w.Body.String()
-	if !strings.Contains(body, "status") || !strings.Contains(body, "running") || !strings.Contains(body, "has_token") {
-		t.Errorf("response body should contain status, running, and has_token fields, got: %s", body)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	cfg := config.WeComAppConfig{
-		CorpID:     "test_corp_id",
-		CorpSecret: "test_secret",
-		AgentID:    1000002,
-	}
-	ch, _ := NewWeComAppChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-	t.Run("get empty access token initially", func(t *testing.T) {
-		token := ch.getAccessToken()
-		if token != "" {
-			t.Errorf("getAccessToken() = %q, want empty string", token)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("set and get access token", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ch.tokenMu.Lock()
-		ch.accessToken = "test_token_123"
-		ch.tokenExpiry = time.Now().Add(1 * time.Hour)
-		ch.tokenMu.Unlock()
-
-		token := ch.getAccessToken()
-		if token != "test_token_123" {
-			t.Errorf("getAccessToken() = %q, want %q", token, "test_token_123")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("expired token returns empty", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ch.tokenMu.Lock()
-		ch.accessToken = "expired_token"
-		ch.tokenExpiry = time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour)
-		ch.tokenMu.Unlock()
-
-		token := ch.getAccessToken()
-		if token != "" {
-			t.Errorf("getAccessToken() = %q, want empty string for expired token", token)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppMessageStructures(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("WeComTextMessage structure", func(t *testing.T) {
-		msg := WeComTextMessage{
-			ToUser:  "user123",
-			MsgType: "text",
-			AgentID: 1000002,
-		}
-		msg.Text.Content = "Hello World"
-
-		if msg.ToUser != "user123" {
-			t.Errorf("ToUser = %q, want %q", msg.ToUser, "user123")
-		}
-		if msg.MsgType != "text" {
-			t.Errorf("MsgType = %q, want %q", msg.MsgType, "text")
-		}
-		if msg.AgentID != 1000002 {
-			t.Errorf("AgentID = %d, want %d", msg.AgentID, 1000002)
-		}
-		if msg.Text.Content != "Hello World" {
-			t.Errorf("Text.Content = %q, want %q", msg.Text.Content, "Hello World")
-		}
-
-		// Test JSON marshaling
-		jsonData, err := json.Marshal(msg)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("failed to marshal JSON: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		var unmarshaled WeComTextMessage
-		err = json.Unmarshal(jsonData, &unmarshaled)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal JSON: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if unmarshaled.ToUser != msg.ToUser {
-			t.Errorf("JSON round-trip failed for ToUser")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("WeComMarkdownMessage structure", func(t *testing.T) {
-		msg := WeComMarkdownMessage{
-			ToUser:  "user123",
-			MsgType: "markdown",
-			AgentID: 1000002,
-		}
-		msg.Markdown.Content = "# Hello\nWorld"
-
-		if msg.Markdown.Content != "# Hello\nWorld" {
-			t.Errorf("Markdown.Content = %q, want %q", msg.Markdown.Content, "# Hello\nWorld")
-		}
-
-		// Test JSON marshaling
-		jsonData, err := json.Marshal(msg)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("failed to marshal JSON: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if !bytes.Contains(jsonData, []byte("markdown")) {
-			t.Error("JSON should contain 'markdown' field")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("WeComImageMessage structure", func(t *testing.T) {
-		msg := WeComImageMessage{
-			ToUser:  "user123",
-			MsgType: "image",
-			AgentID: 1000002,
-		}
-		msg.Image.MediaID = "media_123456"
-
-		if msg.Image.MediaID != "media_123456" {
-			t.Errorf("Image.MediaID = %q, want %q", msg.Image.MediaID, "media_123456")
-		}
-		if msg.ToUser != "user123" {
-			t.Errorf("ToUser = %q, want %q", msg.ToUser, "user123")
-		}
-		if msg.MsgType != "image" {
-			t.Errorf("MsgType = %q, want %q", msg.MsgType, "image")
-		}
-		if msg.AgentID != 1000002 {
-			t.Errorf("AgentID = %d, want %d", msg.AgentID, 1000002)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("WeComAccessTokenResponse structure", func(t *testing.T) {
-		jsonData := `{
-			"errcode": 0,
-			"errmsg": "ok",
-			"access_token": "test_access_token",
-			"expires_in": 7200
-		}`
-
-		var resp WeComAccessTokenResponse
-		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonData), &resp)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal JSON: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if resp.ErrCode != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("ErrCode = %d, want %d", resp.ErrCode, 0)
-		}
-		if resp.ErrMsg != "ok" {
-			t.Errorf("ErrMsg = %q, want %q", resp.ErrMsg, "ok")
-		}
-		if resp.AccessToken != "test_access_token" {
-			t.Errorf("AccessToken = %q, want %q", resp.AccessToken, "test_access_token")
-		}
-		if resp.ExpiresIn != 7200 {
-			t.Errorf("ExpiresIn = %d, want %d", resp.ExpiresIn, 7200)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("WeComSendMessageResponse structure", func(t *testing.T) {
-		jsonData := `{
-			"errcode": 0,
-			"errmsg": "ok",
-			"invaliduser": "",
-			"invalidparty": "",
-			"invalidtag": ""
-		}`
-
-		var resp WeComSendMessageResponse
-		err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonData), &resp)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal JSON: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if resp.ErrCode != 0 {
-			t.Errorf("ErrCode = %d, want %d", resp.ErrCode, 0)
-		}
-		if resp.ErrMsg != "ok" {
-			t.Errorf("ErrMsg = %q, want %q", resp.ErrMsg, "ok")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppXMLMessageStructure(t *testing.T) {
-	xmlData := `<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<xml>
-	<ToUserName><![CDATA[corp_id]]></ToUserName>
-	<FromUserName><![CDATA[user123]]></FromUserName>
-	<CreateTime>1234567890</CreateTime>
-	<MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>
-	<Content><![CDATA[Hello World]]></Content>
-	<MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId>
-	<AgentID>1000002</AgentID>
-</xml>`
-
-	var msg WeComXMLMessage
-	err := xml.Unmarshal([]byte(xmlData), &msg)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal XML: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if msg.ToUserName != "corp_id" {
-		t.Errorf("ToUserName = %q, want %q", msg.ToUserName, "corp_id")
-	}
-	if msg.FromUserName != "user123" {
-		t.Errorf("FromUserName = %q, want %q", msg.FromUserName, "user123")
-	}
-	if msg.CreateTime != 1234567890 {
-		t.Errorf("CreateTime = %d, want %d", msg.CreateTime, 1234567890)
-	}
-	if msg.MsgType != "text" {
-		t.Errorf("MsgType = %q, want %q", msg.MsgType, "text")
-	}
-	if msg.Content != "Hello World" {
-		t.Errorf("Content = %q, want %q", msg.Content, "Hello World")
-	}
-	if msg.MsgId != 1234567890123456 {
-		t.Errorf("MsgId = %d, want %d", msg.MsgId, 1234567890123456)
-	}
-	if msg.AgentID != 1000002 {
-		t.Errorf("AgentID = %d, want %d", msg.AgentID, 1000002)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppXMLMessageImage(t *testing.T) {
-	xmlData := `<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<xml>
-	<ToUserName><![CDATA[corp_id]]></ToUserName>
-	<FromUserName><![CDATA[user123]]></FromUserName>
-	<CreateTime>1234567890</CreateTime>
-	<MsgType><![CDATA[image]]></MsgType>
-	<PicUrl><![CDATA[https://example.com/image.jpg]]></PicUrl>
-	<MediaId><![CDATA[media_123]]></MediaId>
-	<MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId>
-	<AgentID>1000002</AgentID>
-</xml>`
-
-	var msg WeComXMLMessage
-	err := xml.Unmarshal([]byte(xmlData), &msg)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal XML: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if msg.MsgType != "image" {
-		t.Errorf("MsgType = %q, want %q", msg.MsgType, "image")
-	}
-	if msg.PicUrl != "https://example.com/image.jpg" {
-		t.Errorf("PicUrl = %q, want %q", msg.PicUrl, "https://example.com/image.jpg")
-	}
-	if msg.MediaId != "media_123" {
-		t.Errorf("MediaId = %q, want %q", msg.MediaId, "media_123")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppXMLMessageVoice(t *testing.T) {
-	xmlData := `<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<xml>
-	<ToUserName><![CDATA[corp_id]]></ToUserName>
-	<FromUserName><![CDATA[user123]]></FromUserName>
-	<CreateTime>1234567890</CreateTime>
-	<MsgType><![CDATA[voice]]></MsgType>
-	<MediaId><![CDATA[media_123]]></MediaId>
-	<Format><![CDATA[amr]]></Format>
-	<MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId>
-	<AgentID>1000002</AgentID>
-</xml>`
-
-	var msg WeComXMLMessage
-	err := xml.Unmarshal([]byte(xmlData), &msg)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal XML: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if msg.MsgType != "voice" {
-		t.Errorf("MsgType = %q, want %q", msg.MsgType, "voice")
-	}
-	if msg.Format != "amr" {
-		t.Errorf("Format = %q, want %q", msg.Format, "amr")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppXMLMessageLocation(t *testing.T) {
-	xmlData := `<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<xml>
-	<ToUserName><![CDATA[corp_id]]></ToUserName>
-	<FromUserName><![CDATA[user123]]></FromUserName>
-	<CreateTime>1234567890</CreateTime>
-	<MsgType><![CDATA[location]]></MsgType>
-	<Location_X>39.9042</Location_X>
-	<Location_Y>116.4074</Location_Y>
-	<Scale>16</Scale>
-	<Label><![CDATA[Beijing]]></Label>
-	<MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId>
-	<AgentID>1000002</AgentID>
-</xml>`
-
-	var msg WeComXMLMessage
-	err := xml.Unmarshal([]byte(xmlData), &msg)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal XML: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if msg.MsgType != "location" {
-		t.Errorf("MsgType = %q, want %q", msg.MsgType, "location")
-	}
-	if msg.LocationX != 39.9042 {
-		t.Errorf("LocationX = %f, want %f", msg.LocationX, 39.9042)
-	}
-	if msg.LocationY != 116.4074 {
-		t.Errorf("LocationY = %f, want %f", msg.LocationY, 116.4074)
-	}
-	if msg.Scale != 16 {
-		t.Errorf("Scale = %d, want %d", msg.Scale, 16)
-	}
-	if msg.Label != "Beijing" {
-		t.Errorf("Label = %q, want %q", msg.Label, "Beijing")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppXMLMessageLink(t *testing.T) {
-	xmlData := `<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<xml>
-	<ToUserName><![CDATA[corp_id]]></ToUserName>
-	<FromUserName><![CDATA[user123]]></FromUserName>
-	<CreateTime>1234567890</CreateTime>
-	<MsgType><![CDATA[link]]></MsgType>
-	<Title><![CDATA[Link Title]]></Title>
-	<Description><![CDATA[Link Description]]></Description>
-	<Url><![CDATA[https://example.com]]></Url>
-	<MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId>
-	<AgentID>1000002</AgentID>
-</xml>`
-
-	var msg WeComXMLMessage
-	err := xml.Unmarshal([]byte(xmlData), &msg)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal XML: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if msg.MsgType != "link" {
-		t.Errorf("MsgType = %q, want %q", msg.MsgType, "link")
-	}
-	if msg.Title != "Link Title" {
-		t.Errorf("Title = %q, want %q", msg.Title, "Link Title")
-	}
-	if msg.Description != "Link Description" {
-		t.Errorf("Description = %q, want %q", msg.Description, "Link Description")
-	}
-	if msg.Url != "https://example.com" {
-		t.Errorf("Url = %q, want %q", msg.Url, "https://example.com")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWeComAppXMLMessageEvent(t *testing.T) {
-	xmlData := `<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<xml>
-	<ToUserName><![CDATA[corp_id]]></ToUserName>
-	<FromUserName><![CDATA[user123]]></FromUserName>
-	<CreateTime>1234567890</CreateTime>
-	<MsgType><![CDATA[event]]></MsgType>
-	<Event><![CDATA[subscribe]]></Event>
-	<EventKey><![CDATA[event_key_123]]></EventKey>
-	<AgentID>1000002</AgentID>
-</xml>`
-
-	var msg WeComXMLMessage
-	err := xml.Unmarshal([]byte(xmlData), &msg)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal XML: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if msg.MsgType != "event" {
-		t.Errorf("MsgType = %q, want %q", msg.MsgType, "event")
-	}
-	if msg.Event != "subscribe" {
-		t.Errorf("Event = %q, want %q", msg.Event, "subscribe")
-	}
-	if msg.EventKey != "event_key_123" {
-		t.Errorf("EventKey = %q, want %q", msg.EventKey, "event_key_123")
-	}
-}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/bot.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/bot.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 96d5a961f..000000000
--- a/pkg/channels/wecom/bot.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,499 +0,0 @@
-package wecom
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"encoding/xml"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/identity"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/utils"
-)
-
-// WeComBotChannel implements the Channel interface for WeCom Bot (企业微信智能机器人)
-// Uses webhook callback mode - simpler than WeCom App but only supports passive replies
-type WeComBotChannel struct {
-	*channels.BaseChannel
-	config        config.WeComConfig
-	client        *http.Client
-	ctx           context.Context
-	cancel        context.CancelFunc
-	processedMsgs *MessageDeduplicator
-}
-
-// WeComBotMessage represents the JSON message structure from WeCom Bot (AIBOT)
-type WeComBotMessage struct {
-	MsgID    string `json:"msgid"`
-	AIBotID  string `json:"aibotid"`
-	ChatID   string `json:"chatid"`   // Session ID, only present for group chats
-	ChatType string `json:"chattype"` // "single" for DM, "group" for group chat
-	From     struct {
-		UserID string `json:"userid"`
-	} `json:"from"`
-	ResponseURL string `json:"response_url"`
-	MsgType     string `json:"msgtype"` // text, image, voice, file, mixed
-	Text        struct {
-		Content string `json:"content"`
-	} `json:"text"`
-	Image struct {
-		URL string `json:"url"`
-	} `json:"image"`
-	Voice struct {
-		Content string `json:"content"` // Voice to text content
-	} `json:"voice"`
-	File struct {
-		URL string `json:"url"`
-	} `json:"file"`
-	Mixed struct {
-		MsgItem []struct {
-			MsgType string `json:"msgtype"`
-			Text    struct {
-				Content string `json:"content"`
-			} `json:"text"`
-			Image struct {
-				URL string `json:"url"`
-			} `json:"image"`
-		} `json:"msg_item"`
-	} `json:"mixed"`
-	Quote struct {
-		MsgType string `json:"msgtype"`
-		Text    struct {
-			Content string `json:"content"`
-		} `json:"text"`
-	} `json:"quote"`
-}
-
-// WeComBotReplyMessage represents the reply message structure
-type WeComBotReplyMessage struct {
-	MsgType string `json:"msgtype"`
-	Text    struct {
-		Content string `json:"content"`
-	} `json:"text,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// NewWeComBotChannel creates a new WeCom Bot channel instance
-func NewWeComBotChannel(cfg config.WeComConfig, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) (*WeComBotChannel, error) {
-	if cfg.Token == "" || cfg.WebhookURL == "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wecom token and webhook_url are required")
-	}
-
-	base := channels.NewBaseChannel("wecom", cfg, messageBus, cfg.AllowFrom,
-		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(2048),
-		channels.WithGroupTrigger(cfg.GroupTrigger),
-		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(cfg.ReasoningChannelID),
-	)
-
-	// Client timeout must be >= the configured ReplyTimeout so the
-	// per-request context deadline is always the effective limit.
-	clientTimeout := 30 * time.Second
-	if d := time.Duration(cfg.ReplyTimeout) * time.Second; d > clientTimeout {
-		clientTimeout = d
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	return &WeComBotChannel{
-		BaseChannel:   base,
-		config:        cfg,
-		client:        &http.Client{Timeout: clientTimeout},
-		ctx:           ctx,
-		cancel:        cancel,
-		processedMsgs: NewMessageDeduplicator(wecomMaxProcessedMessages),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// Name returns the channel name
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) Name() string {
-	return "wecom"
-}
-
-// Start initializes the WeCom Bot channel
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
-	logger.InfoC("wecom", "Starting WeCom Bot channel...")
-
-	// Cancel the context created in the constructor to avoid a resource leak.
-	if c.cancel != nil {
-		c.cancel()
-	}
-	c.ctx, c.cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
-
-	c.SetRunning(true)
-	logger.InfoC("wecom", "WeCom Bot channel started")
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Stop gracefully stops the WeCom Bot channel
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
-	logger.InfoC("wecom", "Stopping WeCom Bot channel...")
-
-	if c.cancel != nil {
-		c.cancel()
-	}
-
-	c.SetRunning(false)
-	logger.InfoC("wecom", "WeCom Bot channel stopped")
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Send sends a message to WeCom user via webhook API
-// Note: WeCom Bot can only reply within the configured timeout (default 5 seconds) of receiving a message
-// For delayed responses, we use the webhook URL
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) Send(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMessage) error {
-	if !c.IsRunning() {
-		return channels.ErrNotRunning
-	}
-
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom", "Sending message via webhook", map[string]any{
-		"chat_id": msg.ChatID,
-		"preview": utils.Truncate(msg.Content, 100),
-	})
-
-	return c.sendWebhookReply(ctx, msg.ChatID, msg.Content)
-}
-
-// WebhookPath returns the path for registering on the shared HTTP server.
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) WebhookPath() string {
-	if c.config.WebhookPath != "" {
-		return c.config.WebhookPath
-	}
-	return "/webhook/wecom"
-}
-
-// ServeHTTP implements http.Handler for the shared HTTP server.
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	c.handleWebhook(w, r)
-}
-
-// HealthPath returns the health check endpoint path.
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) HealthPath() string {
-	return "/health/wecom"
-}
-
-// HealthHandler handles health check requests.
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) HealthHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	c.handleHealth(w, r)
-}
-
-// handleWebhook handles incoming webhook requests from WeCom
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) handleWebhook(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	ctx := r.Context()
-
-	if r.Method == http.MethodGet {
-		// Handle verification request
-		c.handleVerification(ctx, w, r)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if r.Method == http.MethodPost {
-		// Handle message callback
-		c.handleMessageCallback(ctx, w, r)
-		return
-	}
-
-	http.Error(w, "Method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
-}
-
-// handleVerification handles the URL verification request from WeCom
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) handleVerification(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	query := r.URL.Query()
-	msgSignature := query.Get("msg_signature")
-	timestamp := query.Get("timestamp")
-	nonce := query.Get("nonce")
-	echostr := query.Get("echostr")
-
-	if msgSignature == "" || timestamp == "" || nonce == "" || echostr == "" {
-		http.Error(w, "Missing parameters", http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Verify signature
-	if !verifySignature(c.config.Token, msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, echostr) {
-		logger.WarnC("wecom", "Signature verification failed")
-		http.Error(w, "Invalid signature", http.StatusForbidden)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Decrypt echostr
-	// For AIBOT (智能机器人), receiveid should be empty string ""
-	// Reference: https://developer.work.weixin.qq.com/document/path/101033
-	decryptedEchoStr, err := decryptMessageWithVerify(echostr, c.config.EncodingAESKey, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom", "Failed to decrypt echostr", map[string]any{
-			"error": err.Error(),
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Decryption failed", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Remove BOM and whitespace as per WeCom documentation
-	// The response must be plain text without quotes, BOM, or newlines
-	decryptedEchoStr = strings.TrimSpace(decryptedEchoStr)
-	decryptedEchoStr = strings.TrimPrefix(decryptedEchoStr, "\xef\xbb\xbf") // Remove UTF-8 BOM
-	w.Write([]byte(decryptedEchoStr))
-}
-
-// handleMessageCallback handles incoming messages from WeCom
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) handleMessageCallback(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	query := r.URL.Query()
-	msgSignature := query.Get("msg_signature")
-	timestamp := query.Get("timestamp")
-	nonce := query.Get("nonce")
-
-	if msgSignature == "" || timestamp == "" || nonce == "" {
-		http.Error(w, "Missing parameters", http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Read request body
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		http.Error(w, "Failed to read body", http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-	defer r.Body.Close()
-
-	// Parse XML to get encrypted message
-	var encryptedMsg struct {
-		XMLName    xml.Name `xml:"xml"`
-		ToUserName string   `xml:"ToUserName"`
-		Encrypt    string   `xml:"Encrypt"`
-		AgentID    string   `xml:"AgentID"`
-	}
-
-	if err = xml.Unmarshal(body, &encryptedMsg); err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom", "Failed to parse XML", map[string]any{
-			"error": err.Error(),
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Invalid XML", http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Verify signature
-	if !verifySignature(c.config.Token, msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, encryptedMsg.Encrypt) {
-		logger.WarnC("wecom", "Message signature verification failed")
-		http.Error(w, "Invalid signature", http.StatusForbidden)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Decrypt message
-	// For AIBOT (智能机器人), receiveid should be empty string ""
-	// Reference: https://developer.work.weixin.qq.com/document/path/101033
-	decryptedMsg, err := decryptMessageWithVerify(encryptedMsg.Encrypt, c.config.EncodingAESKey, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom", "Failed to decrypt message", map[string]any{
-			"error": err.Error(),
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Decryption failed", http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Parse decrypted JSON message (AIBOT uses JSON format)
-	var msg WeComBotMessage
-	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(decryptedMsg), &msg); err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("wecom", "Failed to parse decrypted message", map[string]any{
-			"error": err.Error(),
-		})
-		http.Error(w, "Invalid message format", http.StatusBadRequest)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Process the message with the channel's long-lived context (not the HTTP
-	// request context, which is canceled as soon as we return the response).
-	go c.processMessage(c.ctx, msg)
-
-	// Return success response immediately
-	// WeCom Bot requires response within configured timeout (default 5 seconds)
-	w.Write([]byte("success"))
-}
-
-// processMessage processes the received message
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) processMessage(ctx context.Context, msg WeComBotMessage) {
-	// Skip unsupported message types
-	if msg.MsgType != "text" && msg.MsgType != "image" && msg.MsgType != "voice" && msg.MsgType != "file" &&
-		msg.MsgType != "mixed" {
-		logger.DebugCF("wecom", "Skipping non-supported message type", map[string]any{
-			"msg_type": msg.MsgType,
-		})
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Message deduplication: Use msg_id to prevent duplicate processing
-	msgID := msg.MsgID
-	if !c.processedMsgs.MarkMessageProcessed(msgID) {
-		logger.DebugCF("wecom", "Skipping duplicate message", map[string]any{
-			"msg_id": msgID,
-		})
-		return
-	}
-
-	senderID := msg.From.UserID
-
-	// Determine if this is a group chat or direct message
-	// ChatType: "single" for DM, "group" for group chat
-	isGroupChat := msg.ChatType == "group"
-
-	var chatID, peerKind, peerID string
-	if isGroupChat {
-		// Group chat: use ChatID as chatID and peer_id
-		chatID = msg.ChatID
-		peerKind = "group"
-		peerID = msg.ChatID
-	} else {
-		// Direct message: use senderID as chatID and peer_id
-		chatID = senderID
-		peerKind = "direct"
-		peerID = senderID
-	}
-
-	// Extract content based on message type
-	var content string
-	switch msg.MsgType {
-	case "text":
-		content = msg.Text.Content
-	case "voice":
-		content = msg.Voice.Content // Voice to text content
-	case "mixed":
-		// For mixed messages, concatenate text items
-		for _, item := range msg.Mixed.MsgItem {
-			if item.MsgType == "text" {
-				content += item.Text.Content
-			}
-		}
-	case "image", "file":
-		// For image and file, we don't have text content
-		content = ""
-	}
-
-	// Build metadata
-	peer := bus.Peer{Kind: peerKind, ID: peerID}
-
-	// In group chats, apply unified group trigger filtering
-	if isGroupChat {
-		respond, cleaned := c.ShouldRespondInGroup(false, content)
-		if !respond {
-			return
-		}
-		content = cleaned
-	}
-
-	metadata := map[string]string{
-		"msg_type":     msg.MsgType,
-		"msg_id":       msg.MsgID,
-		"platform":     "wecom",
-		"response_url": msg.ResponseURL,
-	}
-	if isGroupChat {
-		metadata["chat_id"] = msg.ChatID
-		metadata["sender_id"] = senderID
-	}
-
-	logger.DebugCF("wecom", "Received message", map[string]any{
-		"sender_id":     senderID,
-		"msg_type":      msg.MsgType,
-		"peer_kind":     peerKind,
-		"is_group_chat": isGroupChat,
-		"preview":       utils.Truncate(content, 50),
-	})
-
-	// Build sender info
-	sender := bus.SenderInfo{
-		Platform:    "wecom",
-		PlatformID:  senderID,
-		CanonicalID: identity.BuildCanonicalID("wecom", senderID),
-	}
-
-	if !c.IsAllowedSender(sender) {
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Handle the message through the base channel
-	c.HandleMessage(ctx, peer, msg.MsgID, senderID, chatID, content, nil, metadata, sender)
-}
-
-// sendWebhookReply sends a reply using the webhook URL
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) sendWebhookReply(ctx context.Context, userID, content string) error {
-	reply := WeComBotReplyMessage{
-		MsgType: "text",
-	}
-	reply.Text.Content = content
-
-	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(reply)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal reply: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Use configurable timeout (default 5 seconds)
-	timeout := c.config.ReplyTimeout
-	if timeout <= 0 {
-		timeout = 5
-	}
-
-	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Duration(timeout)*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(reqCtx, http.MethodPost, c.config.WebhookURL, bytes.NewBuffer(jsonData))
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
-	}
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-
-	resp, err := c.client.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return channels.ClassifyNetError(err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		body, readErr := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		if readErr != nil {
-			return channels.ClassifySendError(
-				resp.StatusCode,
-				fmt.Errorf("reading webhook error response: %w", readErr),
-			)
-		}
-		return channels.ClassifySendError(
-			resp.StatusCode,
-			fmt.Errorf("webhook API error: %s", string(body)),
-		)
-	}
-
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Check response
-	var result struct {
-		ErrCode int    `json:"errcode"`
-		ErrMsg  string `json:"errmsg"`
-	}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if result.ErrCode != 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("webhook API error: %s (code: %d)", result.ErrMsg, result.ErrCode)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// handleHealth handles health check requests
-func (c *WeComBotChannel) handleHealth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	status := map[string]any{
-		"status":  "ok",
-		"running": c.IsRunning(),
-	}
-
-	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(status)
-}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/bot_test.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/bot_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index d223bb6b6..000000000
--- a/pkg/channels/wecom/bot_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,750 +0,0 @@
-package wecom
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"crypto/aes"
-	"crypto/cipher"
-	"crypto/sha1"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"encoding/xml"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
-)
-
-// generateTestAESKey generates a valid test AES key
-func generateTestAESKey() string {
-	// AES key needs to be 32 bytes (256 bits) for AES-256
-	key := make([]byte, 32)
-	for i := range key {
-		key[i] = byte(i)
-	}
-	// Return base64 encoded key without padding
-	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(key)[:43]
-}
-
-// encryptTestMessage encrypts a message for testing (AIBOT JSON format)
-func encryptTestMessage(message, aesKey string) (string, error) {
-	// Decode AES key
-	key, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(aesKey + "=")
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	// Prepare message: random(16) + msg_len(4) + msg + receiveid
-	random := make([]byte, 0, 16)
-	for i := range 16 {
-		random = append(random, byte(i))
-	}
-
-	msgBytes := []byte(message)
-	receiveID := []byte("test_aibot_id")
-
-	msgLen := uint32(len(msgBytes))
-	lenBytes := make([]byte, 4)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(lenBytes, msgLen)
-
-	plainText := append(random, lenBytes...)
-	plainText = append(plainText, msgBytes...)
-	plainText = append(plainText, receiveID...)
-
-	// PKCS7 padding
-	blockSize := aes.BlockSize
-	padding := blockSize - len(plainText)%blockSize
-	padText := bytes.Repeat([]byte{byte(padding)}, padding)
-	plainText = append(plainText, padText...)
-
-	// Encrypt
-	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	mode := cipher.NewCBCEncrypter(block, key[:aes.BlockSize])
-	cipherText := make([]byte, len(plainText))
-	mode.CryptBlocks(cipherText, plainText)
-
-	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(cipherText), nil
-}
-
-// generateSignature generates a signature for testing
-func generateSignature(token, timestamp, nonce, msgEncrypt string) string {
-	params := []string{token, timestamp, nonce, msgEncrypt}
-	sort.Strings(params)
-	str := strings.Join(params, "")
-	hash := sha1.Sum([]byte(str))
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%x", hash)
-}
-
-func TestNewWeComBotChannel(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-
-	t.Run("missing token", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-			Token:      "",
-			WebhookURL: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-		}
-		_, err := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Error("expected error for missing token, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("missing webhook_url", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-			Token:      "test_token",
-			WebhookURL: "",
-		}
-		_, err := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Error("expected error for missing webhook_url, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("valid config", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-			Token:      "test_token",
-			WebhookURL: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-			AllowFrom:  []string{"user1", "user2"},
-		}
-		ch, err := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if ch.Name() != "wecom" {
-			t.Errorf("Name() = %q, want %q", ch.Name(), "wecom")
-		}
-		if ch.IsRunning() {
-			t.Error("new channel should not be running")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComBotChannelIsAllowed(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-
-	t.Run("empty allowlist allows all", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-			Token:      "test_token",
-			WebhookURL: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-			AllowFrom:  []string{},
-		}
-		ch, _ := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-		if !ch.IsAllowed("any_user") {
-			t.Error("empty allowlist should allow all users")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("allowlist restricts users", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-			Token:      "test_token",
-			WebhookURL: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-			AllowFrom:  []string{"allowed_user"},
-		}
-		ch, _ := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-		if !ch.IsAllowed("allowed_user") {
-			t.Error("allowed user should pass allowlist check")
-		}
-		if ch.IsAllowed("blocked_user") {
-			t.Error("non-allowed user should be blocked")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComBotVerifySignature(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-		Token:      "test_token",
-		WebhookURL: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-	}
-	ch, _ := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-	t.Run("valid signature", func(t *testing.T) {
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		msgEncrypt := "test_message"
-		expectedSig := generateSignature("test_token", timestamp, nonce, msgEncrypt)
-
-		if !verifySignature(ch.config.Token, expectedSig, timestamp, nonce, msgEncrypt) {
-			t.Error("valid signature should pass verification")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid signature", func(t *testing.T) {
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		msgEncrypt := "test_message"
-
-		if verifySignature(ch.config.Token, "invalid_sig", timestamp, nonce, msgEncrypt) {
-			t.Error("invalid signature should fail verification")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("empty token rejects verification (fail-closed)", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfgEmpty := config.WeComConfig{
-			Token:      "",
-			WebhookURL: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-		}
-		chEmpty := &WeComBotChannel{
-			config: cfgEmpty,
-		}
-
-		if verifySignature(chEmpty.config.Token, "any_sig", "any_ts", "any_nonce", "any_msg") {
-			t.Error("empty token should reject verification (fail-closed)")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComBotDecryptMessage(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-
-	t.Run("decrypt without AES key", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-			Token:          "test_token",
-			WebhookURL:     "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-			EncodingAESKey: "",
-		}
-		ch, _ := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-		// Without AES key, message should be base64 decoded only
-		plainText := "hello world"
-		encoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(plainText))
-
-		result, err := decryptMessage(encoded, ch.config.EncodingAESKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if result != plainText {
-			t.Errorf("decryptMessage() = %q, want %q", result, plainText)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("decrypt with AES key", func(t *testing.T) {
-		aesKey := generateTestAESKey()
-		cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-			Token:          "test_token",
-			WebhookURL:     "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-			EncodingAESKey: aesKey,
-		}
-		ch, _ := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-		originalMsg := "<xml><Content>Hello</Content></xml>"
-		encrypted, err := encryptTestMessage(originalMsg, aesKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("failed to encrypt test message: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		result, err := decryptMessage(encrypted, ch.config.EncodingAESKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if result != originalMsg {
-			t.Errorf("WeComDecryptMessage() = %q, want %q", result, originalMsg)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid base64", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-			Token:          "test_token",
-			WebhookURL:     "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-			EncodingAESKey: "",
-		}
-		ch, _ := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-		_, err := decryptMessage("invalid_base64!!!", ch.config.EncodingAESKey)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Error("expected error for invalid base64, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid AES key", func(t *testing.T) {
-		cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-			Token:          "test_token",
-			WebhookURL:     "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-			EncodingAESKey: "invalid_key",
-		}
-		ch, _ := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-		_, err := decryptMessage(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("test")), ch.config.EncodingAESKey)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Error("expected error for invalid AES key, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComBotPKCS7Unpad(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		input    []byte
-		expected []byte
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "empty input",
-			input:    []byte{},
-			expected: []byte{},
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "valid padding 3 bytes",
-			input:    append([]byte("hello"), bytes.Repeat([]byte{3}, 3)...),
-			expected: []byte("hello"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "valid padding 16 bytes (full block)",
-			input:    append([]byte("123456789012345"), bytes.Repeat([]byte{16}, 16)...),
-			expected: []byte("123456789012345"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "invalid padding larger than data",
-			input:    []byte{20},
-			expected: nil, // should return error
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "invalid padding zero",
-			input:    append([]byte("test"), byte(0)),
-			expected: nil, // should return error
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result, err := pkcs7Unpad(tt.input)
-			if tt.expected == nil {
-				// This case should return an error
-				if err == nil {
-					t.Errorf("pkcs7Unpad() expected error for invalid padding, got result: %v", result)
-				}
-				return
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("pkcs7Unpad() unexpected error: %v", err)
-				return
-			}
-			if !bytes.Equal(result, tt.expected) {
-				t.Errorf("pkcs7Unpad() = %v, want %v", result, tt.expected)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWeComBotHandleVerification(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	aesKey := generateTestAESKey()
-	cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-		Token:          "test_token",
-		EncodingAESKey: aesKey,
-		WebhookURL:     "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-	}
-	ch, _ := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-	t.Run("valid verification request", func(t *testing.T) {
-		echostr := "test_echostr_123"
-		encryptedEchostr, _ := encryptTestMessage(echostr, aesKey)
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		signature := generateSignature("test_token", timestamp, nonce, encryptedEchostr)
-
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodGet,
-			"/webhook/wecom?msg_signature="+signature+"&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce+"&echostr="+encryptedEchostr,
-			nil,
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleVerification(context.Background(), w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusOK)
-		}
-		if w.Body.String() != echostr {
-			t.Errorf("response body = %q, want %q", w.Body.String(), echostr)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("missing parameters", func(t *testing.T) {
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/webhook/wecom?msg_signature=sig&timestamp=ts", nil)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleVerification(context.Background(), w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid signature", func(t *testing.T) {
-		echostr := "test_echostr"
-		encryptedEchostr, _ := encryptTestMessage(echostr, aesKey)
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodGet,
-			"/webhook/wecom?msg_signature=invalid_sig&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce+"&echostr="+encryptedEchostr,
-			nil,
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleVerification(context.Background(), w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusForbidden)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComBotHandleMessageCallback(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	aesKey := generateTestAESKey()
-	cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-		Token:          "test_token",
-		EncodingAESKey: aesKey,
-		WebhookURL:     "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-	}
-	ch, _ := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-	runBotMessageCallback := func(t *testing.T, jsonMsg string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
-		t.Helper()
-		encrypted, _ := encryptTestMessage(jsonMsg, aesKey)
-		encryptedWrapper := struct {
-			XMLName xml.Name `xml:"xml"`
-			Encrypt string   `xml:"Encrypt"`
-		}{
-			Encrypt: encrypted,
-		}
-		wrapperData, _ := xml.Marshal(encryptedWrapper)
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		signature := generateSignature("test_token", timestamp, nonce, encrypted)
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodPost,
-			"/webhook/wecom?msg_signature="+signature+"&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce,
-			bytes.NewReader(wrapperData),
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-		ch.handleMessageCallback(context.Background(), w, req)
-		return w
-	}
-
-	t.Run("valid direct message callback", func(t *testing.T) {
-		w := runBotMessageCallback(t, `{
-			"msgid": "test_msg_id_123",
-			"aibotid": "test_aibot_id",
-			"chattype": "single",
-			"from": {"userid": "user123"},
-			"response_url": "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-			"msgtype": "text",
-			"text": {"content": "Hello World"}
-		}`)
-		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusOK)
-		}
-		if w.Body.String() != "success" {
-			t.Errorf("response body = %q, want %q", w.Body.String(), "success")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("valid group message callback", func(t *testing.T) {
-		w := runBotMessageCallback(t, `{
-			"msgid": "test_msg_id_456",
-			"aibotid": "test_aibot_id",
-			"chatid": "group_chat_id_123",
-			"chattype": "group",
-			"from": {"userid": "user456"},
-			"response_url": "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-			"msgtype": "text",
-			"text": {"content": "Hello Group"}
-		}`)
-		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusOK)
-		}
-		if w.Body.String() != "success" {
-			t.Errorf("response body = %q, want %q", w.Body.String(), "success")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("missing parameters", func(t *testing.T) {
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/webhook/wecom?msg_signature=sig", nil)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleMessageCallback(context.Background(), w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid XML", func(t *testing.T) {
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		signature := generateSignature("test_token", timestamp, nonce, "")
-
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodPost,
-			"/webhook/wecom?msg_signature="+signature+"&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce,
-			strings.NewReader("invalid xml"),
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleMessageCallback(context.Background(), w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusBadRequest)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("invalid signature", func(t *testing.T) {
-		encryptedWrapper := struct {
-			XMLName xml.Name `xml:"xml"`
-			Encrypt string   `xml:"Encrypt"`
-		}{
-			Encrypt: "encrypted_data",
-		}
-		wrapperData, _ := xml.Marshal(encryptedWrapper)
-
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodPost,
-			"/webhook/wecom?msg_signature=invalid_sig&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce,
-			bytes.NewReader(wrapperData),
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleMessageCallback(context.Background(), w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusForbidden {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusForbidden)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComBotProcessMessage(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-		Token:      "test_token",
-		WebhookURL: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-	}
-	ch, _ := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-	t.Run("process direct text message", func(t *testing.T) {
-		msg := WeComBotMessage{
-			MsgID:       "test_msg_id_123",
-			AIBotID:     "test_aibot_id",
-			ChatType:    "single",
-			ResponseURL: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-			MsgType:     "text",
-		}
-		msg.From.UserID = "user123"
-		msg.Text.Content = "Hello World"
-
-		// Should not panic
-		ch.processMessage(context.Background(), msg)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("process group text message", func(t *testing.T) {
-		msg := WeComBotMessage{
-			MsgID:       "test_msg_id_456",
-			AIBotID:     "test_aibot_id",
-			ChatID:      "group_chat_id_123",
-			ChatType:    "group",
-			ResponseURL: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-			MsgType:     "text",
-		}
-		msg.From.UserID = "user456"
-		msg.Text.Content = "Hello Group"
-
-		// Should not panic
-		ch.processMessage(context.Background(), msg)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("process voice message", func(t *testing.T) {
-		msg := WeComBotMessage{
-			MsgID:       "test_msg_id_789",
-			AIBotID:     "test_aibot_id",
-			ChatType:    "single",
-			ResponseURL: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-			MsgType:     "voice",
-		}
-		msg.From.UserID = "user123"
-		msg.Voice.Content = "Voice message text"
-
-		// Should not panic
-		ch.processMessage(context.Background(), msg)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("skip unsupported message type", func(t *testing.T) {
-		msg := WeComBotMessage{
-			MsgID:       "test_msg_id_000",
-			AIBotID:     "test_aibot_id",
-			ChatType:    "single",
-			ResponseURL: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-			MsgType:     "video",
-		}
-		msg.From.UserID = "user123"
-
-		// Should not panic
-		ch.processMessage(context.Background(), msg)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComBotHandleWebhook(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-		Token:      "test_token",
-		WebhookURL: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-	}
-	ch, _ := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-	t.Run("GET request calls verification", func(t *testing.T) {
-		echostr := "test_echostr"
-		encoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(echostr))
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		signature := generateSignature("test_token", timestamp, nonce, encoded)
-
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodGet,
-			"/webhook/wecom?msg_signature="+signature+"&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce+"&echostr="+encoded,
-			nil,
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleWebhook(w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusOK)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("POST request calls message callback", func(t *testing.T) {
-		encryptedWrapper := struct {
-			XMLName xml.Name `xml:"xml"`
-			Encrypt string   `xml:"Encrypt"`
-		}{
-			Encrypt: base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("test")),
-		}
-		wrapperData, _ := xml.Marshal(encryptedWrapper)
-
-		timestamp := "1234567890"
-		nonce := "test_nonce"
-		signature := generateSignature("test_token", timestamp, nonce, encryptedWrapper.Encrypt)
-
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(
-			http.MethodPost,
-			"/webhook/wecom?msg_signature="+signature+"&timestamp="+timestamp+"&nonce="+nonce,
-			bytes.NewReader(wrapperData),
-		)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleWebhook(w, req)
-
-		// Should not be method not allowed
-		if w.Code == http.StatusMethodNotAllowed {
-			t.Error("POST request should not return Method Not Allowed")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("unsupported method", func(t *testing.T) {
-		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "/webhook/wecom", nil)
-		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-		ch.handleWebhook(w, req)
-
-		if w.Code != http.StatusMethodNotAllowed {
-			t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestWeComBotHandleHealth(t *testing.T) {
-	msgBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
-	cfg := config.WeComConfig{
-		Token:      "test_token",
-		WebhookURL: "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-	}
-	ch, _ := NewWeComBotChannel(cfg, msgBus)
-
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/health/wecom", nil)
-	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
-
-	ch.handleHealth(w, req)
-
-	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
-		t.Errorf("status code = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusOK)
-	}
-
-	contentType := w.Header().Get("Content-Type")
-	if contentType != "application/json" {
-		t.Errorf("Content-Type = %q, want %q", contentType, "application/json")
-	}
-
-	body := w.Body.String()
-	if !strings.Contains(body, "status") || !strings.Contains(body, "running") {
-		t.Errorf("response body should contain status and running fields, got: %s", body)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWeComBotReplyMessage(t *testing.T) {
-	msg := WeComBotReplyMessage{
-		MsgType: "text",
-	}
-	msg.Text.Content = "Hello World"
-
-	if msg.MsgType != "text" {
-		t.Errorf("MsgType = %q, want %q", msg.MsgType, "text")
-	}
-	if msg.Text.Content != "Hello World" {
-		t.Errorf("Text.Content = %q, want %q", msg.Text.Content, "Hello World")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWeComBotMessageStructure(t *testing.T) {
-	jsonData := `{
-		"msgid": "test_msg_id_123",
-		"aibotid": "test_aibot_id",
-		"chatid": "group_chat_id_123",
-		"chattype": "group",
-		"from": {"userid": "user123"},
-		"response_url": "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=test",
-		"msgtype": "text",
-		"text": {"content": "Hello World"}
-	}`
-
-	var msg WeComBotMessage
-	err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonData), &msg)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to unmarshal JSON: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if msg.MsgID != "test_msg_id_123" {
-		t.Errorf("MsgID = %q, want %q", msg.MsgID, "test_msg_id_123")
-	}
-	if msg.AIBotID != "test_aibot_id" {
-		t.Errorf("AIBotID = %q, want %q", msg.AIBotID, "test_aibot_id")
-	}
-	if msg.ChatID != "group_chat_id_123" {
-		t.Errorf("ChatID = %q, want %q", msg.ChatID, "group_chat_id_123")
-	}
-	if msg.ChatType != "group" {
-		t.Errorf("ChatType = %q, want %q", msg.ChatType, "group")
-	}
-	if msg.From.UserID != "user123" {
-		t.Errorf("From.UserID = %q, want %q", msg.From.UserID, "user123")
-	}
-	if msg.MsgType != "text" {
-		t.Errorf("MsgType = %q, want %q", msg.MsgType, "text")
-	}
-	if msg.Text.Content != "Hello World" {
-		t.Errorf("Text.Content = %q, want %q", msg.Text.Content, "Hello World")
-	}
-}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/common.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/common.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a622a2fc..000000000
--- a/pkg/channels/wecom/common.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-package wecom
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"crypto/aes"
-	"crypto/cipher"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"crypto/sha1"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"fmt"
-	"math/big"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-// blockSize is the PKCS7 block size used by WeCom (32)
-const blockSize = 32
-
-// computeSignature computes the WeCom message signature from the given parameters.
-// It sorts [token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt], concatenates them and returns the SHA1 hex digest.
-func computeSignature(token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt string) string {
-	params := []string{token, timestamp, nonce, encrypt}
-	sort.Strings(params)
-	str := strings.Join(params, "")
-	hash := sha1.Sum([]byte(str))
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%x", hash)
-}
-
-// verifySignature verifies the message signature for WeCom
-// This is a common function used by both WeCom Bot and WeCom App
-func verifySignature(token, msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, msgEncrypt string) bool {
-	if token == "" {
-		return false
-	}
-	return computeSignature(token, timestamp, nonce, msgEncrypt) == msgSignature
-}
-
-// decryptMessage decrypts the encrypted message using AES
-// For AIBOT, receiveid should be the aibotid; for other apps, it should be corp_id
-func decryptMessage(encryptedMsg, encodingAESKey string) (string, error) {
-	return decryptMessageWithVerify(encryptedMsg, encodingAESKey, "")
-}
-
-// decryptMessageWithVerify decrypts the encrypted message and optionally verifies receiveid
-// receiveid: for AIBOT use aibotid, for WeCom App use corp_id. If empty, skip verification.
-func decryptMessageWithVerify(encryptedMsg, encodingAESKey, receiveid string) (string, error) {
-	if encodingAESKey == "" {
-		// No encryption, return as is (base64 decode)
-		decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(encryptedMsg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-		return string(decoded), nil
-	}
-
-	aesKey, err := decodeWeComAESKey(encodingAESKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	cipherText, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(encryptedMsg)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to decode message: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	plainText, err := decryptAESCBC(aesKey, cipherText)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return unpackWeComFrame(plainText, receiveid)
-}
-
-// decodeWeComAESKey base64-decodes the 43-character EncodingAESKey (trailing "=" is
-// appended automatically) and validates that the result is exactly 32 bytes.
-// It is the single place that handles this repeated pattern in both encrypt and decrypt paths.
-func decodeWeComAESKey(encodingAESKey string) ([]byte, error) {
-	aesKey, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(encodingAESKey + "=")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode AES key: %w", err)
-	}
-	if len(aesKey) != 32 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid AES key length: %d", len(aesKey))
-	}
-	return aesKey, nil
-}
-
-// encryptAESCBC encrypts plaintext using AES-CBC with the given key, mirroring
-// decryptAESCBC. IV = aesKey[:aes.BlockSize]. The caller must PKCS7-pad the
-// plaintext to a multiple of aes.BlockSize before calling.
-func encryptAESCBC(aesKey, plaintext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	block, err := aes.NewCipher(aesKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create cipher: %w", err)
-	}
-	iv := aesKey[:aes.BlockSize]
-	ciphertext := make([]byte, len(plaintext))
-	cipher.NewCBCEncrypter(block, iv).CryptBlocks(ciphertext, plaintext)
-	return ciphertext, nil
-}
-
-// packWeComFrame builds the WeCom wire format:
-//
-//	random(16 ASCII digits) + msg_len(4, big-endian) + msg + receiveid
-func packWeComFrame(msg, receiveid string) ([]byte, error) {
-	randomBytes := make([]byte, 16)
-	for i := range 16 {
-		n, err := rand.Int(rand.Reader, big.NewInt(10))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate random: %w", err)
-		}
-		randomBytes[i] = byte('0' + n.Int64())
-	}
-	msgBytes := []byte(msg)
-	msgLenBytes := make([]byte, 4)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(msgLenBytes, uint32(len(msgBytes)))
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	buf.Write(randomBytes)
-	buf.Write(msgLenBytes)
-	buf.Write(msgBytes)
-	buf.WriteString(receiveid)
-	return buf.Bytes(), nil
-}
-
-// unpackWeComFrame parses the WeCom wire format produced by packWeComFrame.
-// If receiveid is non-empty it verifies the frame's trailing receiveid field.
-func unpackWeComFrame(data []byte, receiveid string) (string, error) {
-	if len(data) < 20 {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("decrypted frame too short: %d bytes", len(data))
-	}
-	msgLen := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(data[16:20])
-	if int(msgLen) > len(data)-20 {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid message length: %d", msgLen)
-	}
-	msg := data[20 : 20+msgLen]
-	if receiveid != "" && len(data) > 20+int(msgLen) {
-		actualReceiveID := string(data[20+msgLen:])
-		if actualReceiveID != receiveid {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("receiveid mismatch: expected %s, got %s", receiveid, actualReceiveID)
-		}
-	}
-	return string(msg), nil
-}
-
-// decryptAESCBC decrypts ciphertext using AES-CBC with the given key.
-// IV = aesKey[:aes.BlockSize]. PKCS7 padding is stripped from the returned plaintext.
-func decryptAESCBC(aesKey, ciphertext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	if len(ciphertext) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ciphertext is empty")
-	}
-	if len(ciphertext)%aes.BlockSize != 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ciphertext length %d is not a multiple of block size", len(ciphertext))
-	}
-	block, err := aes.NewCipher(aesKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create cipher: %w", err)
-	}
-	iv := aesKey[:aes.BlockSize]
-	plaintext := make([]byte, len(ciphertext))
-	cipher.NewCBCDecrypter(block, iv).CryptBlocks(plaintext, ciphertext)
-	plaintext, err = pkcs7Unpad(plaintext)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unpad: %w", err)
-	}
-	return plaintext, nil
-}
-
-// pkcs7Pad adds PKCS7 padding
-func pkcs7Pad(data []byte, blockSize int) []byte {
-	padding := blockSize - (len(data) % blockSize)
-	if padding == 0 {
-		padding = blockSize
-	}
-	padText := bytes.Repeat([]byte{byte(padding)}, padding)
-	return append(data, padText...)
-}
-
-// pkcs7Unpad removes PKCS7 padding with validation
-func pkcs7Unpad(data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	if len(data) == 0 {
-		return data, nil
-	}
-	padding := int(data[len(data)-1])
-	// WeCom uses 32-byte block size for PKCS7 padding
-	if padding == 0 || padding > blockSize {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid padding size: %d", padding)
-	}
-	if padding > len(data) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("padding size larger than data")
-	}
-	// Verify all padding bytes
-	for i := range padding {
-		if data[len(data)-1-i] != byte(padding) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid padding byte at position %d", i)
-		}
-	}
-	return data[:len(data)-padding], nil
-}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/dedupe.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/dedupe.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 865be668e..000000000
--- a/pkg/channels/wecom/dedupe.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-package wecom
-
-import "sync"
-
-const wecomMaxProcessedMessages = 1000
-
-// MessageDeduplicator provides thread-safe message deduplication using a circular queue (ring buffer)
-// combined with a hash map. This ensures fast O(1) lookups while naturally evicting the oldest
-// messages without causing "amnesia cliffs" when the limit is reached.
-type MessageDeduplicator struct {
-	mu   sync.Mutex
-	msgs map[string]bool
-	ring []string
-	idx  int
-	max  int
-}
-
-// NewMessageDeduplicator creates a new deduplicator with the specified capacity.
-func NewMessageDeduplicator(maxEntries int) *MessageDeduplicator {
-	if maxEntries <= 0 {
-		maxEntries = wecomMaxProcessedMessages
-	}
-	return &MessageDeduplicator{
-		msgs: make(map[string]bool, maxEntries),
-		ring: make([]string, maxEntries),
-		max:  maxEntries,
-	}
-}
-
-// MarkMessageProcessed marks msgID as processed and returns false for duplicates.
-func (d *MessageDeduplicator) MarkMessageProcessed(msgID string) bool {
-	d.mu.Lock()
-	defer d.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// 1. Check for duplicate
-	if d.msgs[msgID] {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	// 2. Evict the oldest message at our current ring position (if any)
-	oldestID := d.ring[d.idx]
-	if oldestID != "" {
-		delete(d.msgs, oldestID)
-	}
-
-	// 3. Store the new message
-	d.msgs[msgID] = true
-	d.ring[d.idx] = msgID
-
-	// 4. Advance the circle queue index
-	d.idx = (d.idx + 1) % d.max
-
-	return true
-}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/dedupe_test.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/dedupe_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 10dff4cfe..000000000
--- a/pkg/channels/wecom/dedupe_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-package wecom
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func TestMessageDeduplicator_DuplicateDetection(t *testing.T) {
-	d := NewMessageDeduplicator(wecomMaxProcessedMessages)
-
-	if ok := d.MarkMessageProcessed("msg-1"); !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("first message should be accepted")
-	}
-
-	if ok := d.MarkMessageProcessed("msg-1"); ok {
-		t.Fatalf("duplicate message should be rejected")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestMessageDeduplicator_ConcurrentSameMessage(t *testing.T) {
-	d := NewMessageDeduplicator(wecomMaxProcessedMessages)
-
-	const goroutines = 64
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	wg.Add(goroutines)
-
-	results := make(chan bool, goroutines)
-	for i := 0; i < goroutines; i++ {
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			results <- d.MarkMessageProcessed("msg-concurrent")
-		}()
-	}
-
-	wg.Wait()
-	close(results)
-
-	successes := 0
-	for ok := range results {
-		if ok {
-			successes++
-		}
-	}
-
-	if successes != 1 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 successful mark, got %d", successes)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestMessageDeduplicator_CircularQueueEviction(t *testing.T) {
-	// Create a deduplicator with a very small capacity to test eviction easily.
-	capacity := 3
-	d := NewMessageDeduplicator(capacity)
-
-	// Fill the queue.
-	d.MarkMessageProcessed("msg-1")
-	d.MarkMessageProcessed("msg-2")
-	d.MarkMessageProcessed("msg-3")
-
-	// At this point, the queue is full. msg-1 is the oldest.
-	if len(d.msgs) != 3 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected map size to be 3, got %d", len(d.msgs))
-	}
-
-	// This should evict msg-1 and add msg-4.
-	if ok := d.MarkMessageProcessed("msg-4"); !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("msg-4 should be accepted")
-	}
-
-	if len(d.msgs) != 3 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected map size to remain at max capacity (3), got %d", len(d.msgs))
-	}
-
-	// msg-1 should now be forgotten (evicted).
-	if ok := d.MarkMessageProcessed("msg-1"); !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("msg-1 should be accepted again because it was evicted")
-	}
-
-	// msg-2 should have been evicted when we added msg-1 back.
-	if ok := d.MarkMessageProcessed("msg-2"); !ok {
-		t.Fatalf("msg-2 should be accepted again because it was evicted")
-	}
-}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/init.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/init.go
index bc5a70fa3..3aad84d42 100644
--- a/pkg/channels/wecom/init.go
+++ b/pkg/channels/wecom/init.go
@@ -8,12 +8,6 @@ import (
 
 func init() {
 	channels.RegisterFactory("wecom", func(cfg *config.Config, b *bus.MessageBus) (channels.Channel, error) {
-		return NewWeComBotChannel(cfg.Channels.WeCom, b)
-	})
-	channels.RegisterFactory("wecom_app", func(cfg *config.Config, b *bus.MessageBus) (channels.Channel, error) {
-		return NewWeComAppChannel(cfg.Channels.WeComApp, b)
-	})
-	channels.RegisterFactory("wecom_aibot", func(cfg *config.Config, b *bus.MessageBus) (channels.Channel, error) {
-		return NewWeComAIBotChannel(cfg.Channels.WeComAIBot, b)
+		return NewChannel(cfg.Channels.WeCom, b)
 	})
 }
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/media.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/media.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..974a3bf4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/wecom/media.go
@@ -0,0 +1,802 @@
+package wecom
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/aes"
+	"crypto/cipher"
+	"crypto/md5"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"mime"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/h2non/filetype"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
+)
+
+const (
+	wecomOutboundMediaMaxBytes = 20 << 20
+	wecomOutboundImageMaxBytes = 2 << 20
+	wecomOutboundVoiceMaxBytes = 2 << 20
+	wecomOutboundVideoMaxBytes = 10 << 20
+	wecomUploadChunkMaxBytes   = 512 << 10
+	wecomUploadMaxChunks       = 100
+	wecomUploadMinBytes        = 5
+)
+
+type wecomOutboundMedia struct {
+	MsgType     string
+	MediaID     string
+	Title       string
+	Description string
+}
+
+func (m *wecomOutboundMedia) respondBody() wecomRespondMsgBody {
+	body := wecomRespondMsgBody{MsgType: m.MsgType}
+	switch m.MsgType {
+	case "file":
+		body.File = &wecomMediaRefContent{MediaID: m.MediaID}
+	case "image":
+		body.Image = &wecomMediaRefContent{MediaID: m.MediaID}
+	case "voice":
+		body.Voice = &wecomMediaRefContent{MediaID: m.MediaID}
+	case "video":
+		body.Video = &wecomVideoContent{
+			MediaID:     m.MediaID,
+			Title:       m.Title,
+			Description: m.Description,
+		}
+	}
+	return body
+}
+
+func (m *wecomOutboundMedia) sendBody(chatID string, chatType uint32) wecomSendMsgBody {
+	body := wecomSendMsgBody{
+		ChatID:   chatID,
+		ChatType: chatType,
+		MsgType:  m.MsgType,
+	}
+	switch m.MsgType {
+	case "file":
+		body.File = &wecomMediaRefContent{MediaID: m.MediaID}
+	case "image":
+		body.Image = &wecomMediaRefContent{MediaID: m.MediaID}
+	case "voice":
+		body.Voice = &wecomMediaRefContent{MediaID: m.MediaID}
+	case "video":
+		body.Video = &wecomVideoContent{
+			MediaID:     m.MediaID,
+			Title:       m.Title,
+			Description: m.Description,
+		}
+	}
+	return body
+}
+
+func decodeMediaAESKey(value string) ([]byte, error) {
+	if value == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	key, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(value)
+	if err == nil && len(key) == 32 {
+		return key, nil
+	}
+	key, err = base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(value + "=")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode AES key: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(key) != 32 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid AES key length %d", len(key))
+	}
+	return key, nil
+}
+
+func decryptAESCBC(key, ciphertext []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(ciphertext) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ciphertext is empty")
+	}
+	if len(ciphertext)%aes.BlockSize != 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ciphertext length %d is not a multiple of block size", len(ciphertext))
+	}
+	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create cipher: %w", err)
+	}
+	plaintext := make([]byte, len(ciphertext))
+	iv := key[:aes.BlockSize]
+	cipher.NewCBCDecrypter(block, iv).CryptBlocks(plaintext, ciphertext)
+	return pkcs7Unpad(plaintext)
+}
+
+func pkcs7Unpad(data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("empty plaintext")
+	}
+	padding := int(data[len(data)-1])
+	if padding == 0 || padding > 32 || padding > len(data) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid padding size %d", padding)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < padding; i++ {
+		if data[len(data)-1-i] != byte(padding) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid padding byte")
+		}
+	}
+	return data[:len(data)-padding], nil
+}
+
+func inferMediaExt(contentType, fallback string) string {
+	contentType = normalizeWeComContentType(contentType)
+	switch contentType {
+	case "image/jpeg", "image/jpg":
+		return ".jpg"
+	case "image/png":
+		return ".png"
+	case "image/gif":
+		return ".gif"
+	case "image/webp":
+		return ".webp"
+	case "application/pdf":
+		return ".pdf"
+	case "video/mp4":
+		return ".mp4"
+	default:
+		return fallback
+	}
+}
+
+func normalizeWeComContentType(value string) string {
+	value = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value))
+	if idx := strings.Index(value, ";"); idx >= 0 {
+		value = strings.TrimSpace(value[:idx])
+	}
+	return value
+}
+
+func isGenericWeComContentType(value string) bool {
+	switch normalizeWeComContentType(value) {
+	case "", "application/octet-stream", "binary/octet-stream", "application/unknown", "application/binary":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func sanitizeWeComFilename(name string) string {
+	name = filepath.Base(strings.TrimSpace(name))
+	if name == "." || name == "/" || name == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return name
+}
+
+func candidateWeComFilename(resourceURL, contentDisposition, fallbackName string) string {
+	if _, params, err := mime.ParseMediaType(contentDisposition); err == nil {
+		if name := sanitizeWeComFilename(params["filename"]); name != "" {
+			return name
+		}
+		if name := sanitizeWeComFilename(params["filename*"]); name != "" {
+			return name
+		}
+	}
+
+	if parsed, err := url.Parse(resourceURL); err == nil {
+		query := parsed.Query()
+		for _, key := range []string{"filename", "file_name", "name"} {
+			if name := sanitizeWeComFilename(query.Get(key)); name != "" {
+				return name
+			}
+		}
+		if name := sanitizeWeComFilename(parsed.Path); name != "" {
+			return name
+		}
+	}
+
+	return sanitizeWeComFilename(fallbackName)
+}
+
+func detectWeComFiletype(data []byte) (string, string) {
+	kind, err := filetype.Match(data)
+	if err != nil || kind == filetype.Unknown {
+		return "", ""
+	}
+	ext := ""
+	if kind.Extension != "" {
+		ext = "." + strings.ToLower(kind.Extension)
+	}
+	return normalizeWeComContentType(kind.MIME.Value), ext
+}
+
+func detectWeComMediaMetadata(
+	data []byte,
+	fallbackName, fallbackContentType, resourceURL, contentDisposition string,
+) (string, string) {
+	filename := candidateWeComFilename(resourceURL, contentDisposition, fallbackName)
+	if filename == "" {
+		filename = "media"
+	}
+
+	ext := strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(filename))
+	contentType := normalizeWeComContentType(fallbackContentType)
+	detectedType, detectedExt := detectWeComFiletype(data)
+
+	if ext != "" && isGenericWeComContentType(contentType) {
+		if byExt := normalizeWeComContentType(mime.TypeByExtension(ext)); byExt != "" {
+			contentType = byExt
+		}
+	}
+
+	if detectedType != "" {
+		switch {
+		case contentType == "":
+			contentType = detectedType
+		case isGenericWeComContentType(contentType):
+			contentType = detectedType
+		case strings.HasPrefix(detectedType, "image/") && !strings.HasPrefix(contentType, "image/"):
+			contentType = detectedType
+		case strings.HasPrefix(detectedType, "audio/") && !strings.HasPrefix(contentType, "audio/"):
+			contentType = detectedType
+		case strings.HasPrefix(detectedType, "video/") && !strings.HasPrefix(contentType, "video/"):
+			contentType = detectedType
+		}
+	}
+
+	if contentType == "" && ext != "" {
+		contentType = normalizeWeComContentType(mime.TypeByExtension(ext))
+	}
+	if contentType == "" {
+		contentType = normalizeWeComContentType(http.DetectContentType(data))
+	}
+
+	if ext == "" {
+		ext = detectedExt
+	}
+	if ext == "" && contentType != "" {
+		if exts, err := mime.ExtensionsByType(contentType); err == nil && len(exts) > 0 {
+			ext = strings.ToLower(exts[0])
+		}
+	}
+
+	if filepath.Ext(filename) == "" && ext != "" {
+		filename += ext
+	}
+	return filename, contentType
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) storeRemoteMedia(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	scope, msgID, resourceURL, aesKey, fallbackExt string,
+) (string, error) {
+	store := c.GetMediaStore()
+	if store == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no media store available")
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, resourceURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("create request: %w", err)
+	}
+	resp, err := c.mediaClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("download media: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("download media returned HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, wecomOutboundMediaMaxBytes+1))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("read media: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(data) > wecomOutboundMediaMaxBytes {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("media too large")
+	}
+
+	if aesKey != "" {
+		key, keyErr := decodeMediaAESKey(aesKey)
+		if keyErr != nil {
+			return "", keyErr
+		}
+		data, err = decryptAESCBC(key, data)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("decrypt media: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	filename, contentType := detectWeComMediaMetadata(
+		data,
+		msgID+fallbackExt,
+		resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"),
+		resourceURL,
+		resp.Header.Get("Content-Disposition"),
+	)
+	ext := filepath.Ext(filename)
+	if ext == "" {
+		ext = inferMediaExt(contentType, fallbackExt)
+	}
+	mediaDir := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "picoclaw_media")
+	if mkdirErr := os.MkdirAll(mediaDir, 0o700); mkdirErr != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("mkdir media dir: %w", mkdirErr)
+	}
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp(mediaDir, msgID+"-*"+ext)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("create temp file: %w", err)
+	}
+	tmpPath := tmpFile.Name()
+	if _, writeErr := tmpFile.Write(data); writeErr != nil {
+		tmpFile.Close()
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("write temp file: %w", writeErr)
+	}
+	if closeErr := tmpFile.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("close temp file: %w", closeErr)
+	}
+
+	ref, err := store.Store(tmpPath, media.MediaMeta{
+		Filename:      filename,
+		ContentType:   contentType,
+		Source:        "wecom",
+		CleanupPolicy: media.CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
+	}, scope)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return ref, nil
+}
+
+func detectLocalWeComContentType(localPath, hint string) string {
+	contentType := normalizeWeComContentType(hint)
+	if !isGenericWeComContentType(contentType) {
+		return contentType
+	}
+
+	if kind, err := filetype.MatchFile(localPath); err == nil && kind != filetype.Unknown {
+		return normalizeWeComContentType(kind.MIME.Value)
+	}
+
+	if ext := strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(localPath)); ext != "" {
+		if byExt := normalizeWeComContentType(mime.TypeByExtension(ext)); byExt != "" {
+			return byExt
+		}
+	}
+
+	file, err := os.Open(localPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return contentType
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 512)
+	n, err := file.Read(buf)
+	if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+		return contentType
+	}
+	if n == 0 {
+		return contentType
+	}
+	return normalizeWeComContentType(http.DetectContentType(buf[:n]))
+}
+
+func writeWeComTempFile(prefix, filename string, data []byte) (string, error) {
+	mediaDir := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "picoclaw_media")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(mediaDir, 0o700); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("mkdir media dir: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ext := strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(filename))
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp(mediaDir, prefix+"-*"+ext)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("create temp file: %w", err)
+	}
+	tmpPath := tmpFile.Name()
+
+	if _, err := tmpFile.Write(data); err != nil {
+		_ = tmpFile.Close()
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("write temp file: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := tmpFile.Close(); err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("close temp file: %w", err)
+	}
+	return tmpPath, nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) downloadRemoteMediaToTemp(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	resourceURL, fallbackName string,
+) (string, string, string, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, resourceURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.mediaClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("download media: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024))
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("download media returned HTTP %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+	}
+
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, wecomOutboundMediaMaxBytes+1))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("read media: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(data) > wecomOutboundMediaMaxBytes {
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("media too large")
+	}
+
+	filename, contentType := detectWeComMediaMetadata(
+		data,
+		fallbackName,
+		resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"),
+		resourceURL,
+		resp.Header.Get("Content-Disposition"),
+	)
+	tmpPath, err := writeWeComTempFile("wecom-outbound", filename, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", "", err
+	}
+	return tmpPath, filename, contentType, nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) resolveOutboundPart(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	part bus.MediaPart,
+) (string, string, string, func(), error) {
+	cleanup := func() {}
+	filename := sanitizeWeComFilename(part.Filename)
+	contentType := normalizeWeComContentType(part.ContentType)
+	ref := strings.TrimSpace(part.Ref)
+
+	switch {
+	case ref == "":
+		return "", filename, contentType, cleanup, nil
+
+	case strings.HasPrefix(ref, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(ref, "https://"):
+		localPath, name, ct, err := c.downloadRemoteMediaToTemp(ctx, ref, filename)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", "", cleanup, err
+		}
+		return localPath, name, ct, func() { _ = os.Remove(localPath) }, nil
+
+	case strings.HasPrefix(ref, "media://"):
+		store := c.GetMediaStore()
+		if store == nil {
+			return "", "", "", cleanup, fmt.Errorf("no media store available")
+		}
+
+		localPath, meta, err := store.ResolveWithMeta(ref)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", "", cleanup, err
+		}
+		if filename == "" {
+			filename = sanitizeWeComFilename(meta.Filename)
+		}
+		if contentType == "" {
+			contentType = normalizeWeComContentType(meta.ContentType)
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(localPath, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(localPath, "https://") {
+			tmpPath, name, ct, err := c.downloadRemoteMediaToTemp(ctx, localPath, filename)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", "", "", cleanup, err
+			}
+			return tmpPath, name, ct, func() { _ = os.Remove(tmpPath) }, nil
+		}
+		if _, err := os.Stat(localPath); err != nil {
+			return "", "", "", cleanup, err
+		}
+		if filename == "" {
+			filename = sanitizeWeComFilename(filepath.Base(localPath))
+		}
+		if contentType == "" {
+			contentType = detectLocalWeComContentType(localPath, "")
+		}
+		return localPath, filename, contentType, cleanup, nil
+
+	case strings.HasPrefix(ref, "file://"):
+		u, err := url.Parse(ref)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", "", cleanup, err
+		}
+		localPath := u.Path
+		if _, err := os.Stat(localPath); err != nil {
+			return "", "", "", cleanup, err
+		}
+		if filename == "" {
+			filename = sanitizeWeComFilename(filepath.Base(localPath))
+		}
+		if contentType == "" {
+			contentType = detectLocalWeComContentType(localPath, "")
+		}
+		return localPath, filename, contentType, cleanup, nil
+
+	default:
+		if _, err := os.Stat(ref); err != nil {
+			return "", "", "", cleanup, err
+		}
+		if filename == "" {
+			filename = sanitizeWeComFilename(filepath.Base(ref))
+		}
+		if contentType == "" {
+			contentType = detectLocalWeComContentType(ref, "")
+		}
+		return ref, filename, contentType, cleanup, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func canWeComSendImage(contentType, ext string, size int64) bool {
+	if size > wecomOutboundImageMaxBytes {
+		return false
+	}
+	switch normalizeWeComContentType(contentType) {
+	case "image/jpeg", "image/jpg", "image/png", "image/gif":
+		return true
+	}
+	switch strings.ToLower(ext) {
+	case ".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".gif":
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func canWeComSendVoice(contentType, ext string, size int64) bool {
+	if size > wecomOutboundVoiceMaxBytes {
+		return false
+	}
+	contentType = normalizeWeComContentType(contentType)
+	return strings.Contains(contentType, "amr") || strings.EqualFold(ext, ".amr")
+}
+
+func canWeComSendVideo(contentType, ext string, size int64) bool {
+	if size > wecomOutboundVideoMaxBytes {
+		return false
+	}
+	return normalizeWeComContentType(contentType) == "video/mp4" || strings.EqualFold(ext, ".mp4")
+}
+
+func outboundWeComMediaKind(partType, filename, contentType string, size int64) string {
+	if size < wecomUploadMinBytes {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	partType = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(partType))
+	contentType = normalizeWeComContentType(contentType)
+	ext := strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(filename))
+
+	if partType == "file" {
+		if size <= wecomOutboundMediaMaxBytes {
+			return "file"
+		}
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	if (partType == "image" || partType == "") && canWeComSendImage(contentType, ext, size) {
+		return "image"
+	}
+	if (partType == "audio" || partType == "voice" || partType == "") && canWeComSendVoice(contentType, ext, size) {
+		return "voice"
+	}
+	if (partType == "video" || partType == "") && canWeComSendVideo(contentType, ext, size) {
+		return "video"
+	}
+	if size <= wecomOutboundMediaMaxBytes {
+		return "file"
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func trimWeComBytes(value string, limit int) string {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+	if limit <= 0 || len(value) <= limit {
+		return value
+	}
+	size := 0
+	var out strings.Builder
+	for _, r := range value {
+		width := len(string(r))
+		if size+width > limit {
+			break
+		}
+		size += width
+		out.WriteRune(r)
+	}
+	return out.String()
+}
+
+func ensureWeComOutboundFilename(filename, localPath, contentType string) string {
+	filename = sanitizeWeComFilename(filename)
+	if filename == "" {
+		filename = sanitizeWeComFilename(filepath.Base(localPath))
+	}
+	if filename == "" {
+		filename = "media"
+	}
+	if filepath.Ext(filename) == "" {
+		fallbackExt := inferMediaExt(contentType, strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(localPath)))
+		if fallbackExt != "" {
+			filename += fallbackExt
+		}
+	}
+	filename = trimWeComBytes(filename, 256)
+	if filename == "" {
+		return "media"
+	}
+	return filename
+}
+
+func buildWeComVideoContent(mediaID, filename, description string) *wecomVideoContent {
+	title := strings.TrimSuffix(filename, filepath.Ext(filename))
+	title = trimWeComBytes(title, 64)
+	if title == "" {
+		title = "video"
+	}
+	description = trimWeComBytes(description, 512)
+	return &wecomVideoContent{
+		MediaID:     mediaID,
+		Title:       title,
+		Description: description,
+	}
+}
+
+func decodeWeComEnvelopeBody[T any](env wecomEnvelope) (T, error) {
+	var out T
+	if len(env.Body) == 0 {
+		return out, fmt.Errorf("wecom response body is empty")
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(env.Body, &out); err != nil {
+		return out, fmt.Errorf("decode wecom response body: %w", err)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) uploadOutboundMedia(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	localPath, filename, contentType string,
+	part bus.MediaPart,
+) (*wecomOutboundMedia, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+
+	contentType = detectLocalWeComContentType(localPath, contentType)
+	filename = ensureWeComOutboundFilename(filename, localPath, contentType)
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(localPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read media file: %w", err)
+	}
+	size := int64(len(data))
+	kind := outboundWeComMediaKind(part.Type, filename, contentType, size)
+	if kind == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported wecom media type or size for %q", filename)
+	}
+
+	totalChunks := (len(data) + wecomUploadChunkMaxBytes - 1) / wecomUploadChunkMaxBytes
+	if totalChunks <= 0 || totalChunks > wecomUploadMaxChunks {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wecom upload requires 1-%d chunks, got %d", wecomUploadMaxChunks, totalChunks)
+	}
+
+	sum := md5.Sum(data)
+	initEnv, err := c.sendCommandAck(wecomCommand{
+		Cmd:     wecomCmdUploadMediaInit,
+		Headers: wecomHeaders{ReqID: randomID(10)},
+		Body: wecomUploadMediaInitBody{
+			Type:        kind,
+			Filename:    filename,
+			TotalSize:   size,
+			TotalChunks: totalChunks,
+			MD5:         hex.EncodeToString(sum[:]),
+		},
+	}, wecomUploadTimeout)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	initResp, err := decodeWeComEnvelopeBody[wecomUploadMediaInitResponse](initEnv)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(initResp.UploadID) == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wecom upload init returned empty upload_id")
+	}
+
+	for idx, offset := 0, 0; offset < len(data); idx, offset = idx+1, offset+wecomUploadChunkMaxBytes {
+		end := offset + wecomUploadChunkMaxBytes
+		if end > len(data) {
+			end = len(data)
+		}
+		sendErr := c.sendCommand(wecomCommand{
+			Cmd:     wecomCmdUploadMediaChunk,
+			Headers: wecomHeaders{ReqID: randomID(10)},
+			Body: wecomUploadMediaChunkBody{
+				UploadID:   initResp.UploadID,
+				ChunkIndex: idx,
+				Base64Data: base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(data[offset:end]),
+			},
+		}, wecomUploadTimeout)
+		if sendErr != nil {
+			return nil, sendErr
+		}
+	}
+
+	finishEnv, err := c.sendCommandAck(wecomCommand{
+		Cmd:     wecomCmdUploadMediaEnd,
+		Headers: wecomHeaders{ReqID: randomID(10)},
+		Body: wecomUploadMediaFinishBody{
+			UploadID: initResp.UploadID,
+		},
+	}, wecomUploadTimeout)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	finishResp, err := decodeWeComEnvelopeBody[wecomUploadMediaFinishResponse](finishEnv)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(finishResp.MediaID) == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wecom upload finish returned empty media_id")
+	}
+
+	uploaded := &wecomOutboundMedia{
+		MsgType: kind,
+		MediaID: finishResp.MediaID,
+	}
+	if kind == "video" {
+		video := buildWeComVideoContent(finishResp.MediaID, filename, part.Caption)
+		uploaded.Title = video.Title
+		uploaded.Description = video.Description
+	}
+	return uploaded, nil
+}
+
+func fallbackWeComMediaText(part bus.MediaPart, kind, filename string) string {
+	var lines []string
+	if caption := strings.TrimSpace(part.Caption); caption != "" {
+		lines = append(lines, caption)
+	}
+
+	label := kind
+	if label == "" {
+		label = "media"
+	}
+	if filename != "" {
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("[%s: %s]", label, filename))
+	} else {
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("[%s attachment]", label))
+	}
+
+	ref := strings.TrimSpace(part.Ref)
+	if strings.HasPrefix(ref, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(ref, "https://") {
+		lines = append(lines, ref)
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) resolveMediaRoute(chatID string) (wecomTurn, uint32, bool) {
+	if turn, ok := c.getTurn(chatID); ok {
+		if time.Since(turn.CreatedAt) <= wecomStreamMaxDuration {
+			return turn, turn.ChatType, true
+		}
+		c.deleteTurn(chatID)
+	}
+	if route, ok := c.routes.Get(chatID); ok {
+		return wecomTurn{ChatID: route.ChatID, ChatType: route.ChatType}, route.ChatType, false
+	}
+	return wecomTurn{ChatID: chatID}, 0, false
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/media_test.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/media_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5307e5d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/wecom/media_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+package wecom
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	basechannels "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
+)
+
+func TestStoreRemoteMedia_DetectsJPEGContentTypeFromBody(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	const jpegBase64 = "/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAP//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////" +
+		"//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////2wBDAf//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////" +
+		"//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////wAARCAABAAEDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAb/xAAVEQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABf/aAAwDAQACEAMQAAAB6A//xAAVEAEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEf/aAAgBAQABBQJf/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEP/aAAgBAwEBPwF//8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEP/aAAgBAgEBPwF//8QAFBABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEP/aAAgBAQAGPwJf/8QAFBABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEP/aAAgBAQABPyFf/9k="
+
+	jpegData := decodeTestBase64(t, jpegBase64)
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	ch := &WeComChannel{
+		BaseChannel: basechannels.NewBaseChannel("wecom", nil, nil, nil),
+		mediaClient: &http.Client{
+			Transport: roundTripFunc(func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+				return &http.Response{
+					StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+					Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/octet-stream"}},
+					Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(jpegData)),
+				}, nil
+			}),
+		},
+	}
+	ch.SetMediaStore(store)
+
+	ref, err := ch.storeRemoteMedia(context.Background(), "test-scope", "msg-1", "https://wecom.example/media", "", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("storeRemoteMedia returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = store.ReleaseAll("test-scope")
+	})
+
+	_, meta, err := store.ResolveWithMeta(ref)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("resolve media ref: %v", err)
+	}
+	if meta.ContentType != "image/jpeg" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected image/jpeg content type, got %q", meta.ContentType)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(meta.Filename, ".jpg") && !strings.HasSuffix(meta.Filename, ".jpeg") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected jpeg filename, got %q", meta.Filename)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDetectWeComMediaMetadata_UsesFallbackExtensionWhenBodyUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	filename, contentType := detectWeComMediaMetadata([]byte("not a real image"), "msg-2.pdf", "", "", "")
+	if filename != "msg-2.pdf" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected fallback filename to be preserved, got %q", filename)
+	}
+	if contentType != "application/pdf" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected application/pdf from fallback extension, got %q", contentType)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStoreRemoteMedia_PreservesSuffixFromURL(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	docxLikeData := []byte("PK\x03\x04fake office payload")
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	ch := &WeComChannel{
+		BaseChannel: basechannels.NewBaseChannel("wecom", nil, nil, nil),
+		mediaClient: &http.Client{
+			Transport: roundTripFunc(func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+				return &http.Response{
+					StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+					Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/octet-stream"}},
+					Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(docxLikeData)),
+				}, nil
+			}),
+		},
+	}
+	ch.SetMediaStore(store)
+
+	ref, err := ch.storeRemoteMedia(
+		context.Background(),
+		"test-scope",
+		"msg-docx",
+		"https://wecom.example/media/report.docx?signature=1",
+		"",
+		".bin",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("storeRemoteMedia returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = store.ReleaseAll("test-scope")
+	})
+
+	localPath, meta, err := store.ResolveWithMeta(ref)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("resolve media ref: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(meta.Filename, ".docx") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected docx filename, got %q", meta.Filename)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(localPath), ".docx") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected docx temp path, got %q", localPath)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStoreRemoteMedia_PreservesSuffixFromContentDisposition(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	pptxLikeData := []byte("PK\x03\x04fake office payload")
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	ch := &WeComChannel{
+		BaseChannel: basechannels.NewBaseChannel("wecom", nil, nil, nil),
+		mediaClient: &http.Client{
+			Transport: roundTripFunc(func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+				return &http.Response{
+					StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+					Header: http.Header{
+						"Content-Type":        []string{"application/octet-stream"},
+						"Content-Disposition": []string{`attachment; filename="slides.pptx"`},
+					},
+					Body: io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(pptxLikeData)),
+				}, nil
+			}),
+		},
+	}
+	ch.SetMediaStore(store)
+
+	ref, err := ch.storeRemoteMedia(
+		context.Background(),
+		"test-scope",
+		"msg-pptx",
+		"https://wecom.example/media/download",
+		"",
+		".bin",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("storeRemoteMedia returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = store.ReleaseAll("test-scope")
+	})
+
+	localPath, meta, err := store.ResolveWithMeta(ref)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("resolve media ref: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(meta.Filename, ".pptx") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected pptx filename, got %q", meta.Filename)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(localPath), ".pptx") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected pptx temp path, got %q", localPath)
+	}
+}
+
+func decodeTestBase64(t *testing.T, value string) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(base64.NewDecoder(base64.StdEncoding, strings.NewReader(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode base64 fixture: %v", err)
+	}
+	return data
+}
+
+type roundTripFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (f roundTripFunc) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return f(req)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/protocol.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/protocol.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f42ce3bf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/wecom/protocol.go
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+package wecom
+
+import "encoding/json"
+
+const (
+	wecomDefaultWebSocketURL = "wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com"
+	wecomCmdSubscribe        = "aibot_subscribe"
+	wecomCmdPing             = "ping"
+	wecomCmdMsgCallback      = "aibot_msg_callback"
+	wecomCmdEventCallback    = "aibot_event_callback"
+	wecomCmdRespondMsg       = "aibot_respond_msg"
+	wecomCmdSendMsg          = "aibot_send_msg"
+	wecomCmdUploadMediaInit  = "aibot_upload_media_init"
+	wecomCmdUploadMediaChunk = "aibot_upload_media_chunk"
+	wecomCmdUploadMediaEnd   = "aibot_upload_media_finish"
+)
+
+type wecomEnvelope struct {
+	Cmd     string          `json:"cmd,omitempty"`
+	Headers wecomHeaders    `json:"headers"`
+	Body    json.RawMessage `json:"body,omitempty"`
+	ErrCode int             `json:"errcode,omitempty"`
+	ErrMsg  string          `json:"errmsg,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type wecomHeaders struct {
+	ReqID string `json:"req_id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type wecomCommand struct {
+	Cmd     string       `json:"cmd"`
+	Headers wecomHeaders `json:"headers"`
+	Body    any          `json:"body,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type wecomSendMsgBody struct {
+	ChatID       string                `json:"chatid"`
+	ChatType     uint32                `json:"chat_type,omitempty"`
+	MsgType      string                `json:"msgtype"`
+	Markdown     *wecomMarkdownContent `json:"markdown,omitempty"`
+	File         *wecomMediaRefContent `json:"file,omitempty"`
+	Image        *wecomMediaRefContent `json:"image,omitempty"`
+	Voice        *wecomMediaRefContent `json:"voice,omitempty"`
+	Video        *wecomVideoContent    `json:"video,omitempty"`
+	TemplateCard map[string]any        `json:"template_card,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type wecomRespondMsgBody struct {
+	MsgType      string                `json:"msgtype"`
+	Stream       *wecomStreamContent   `json:"stream,omitempty"`
+	Markdown     *wecomMarkdownContent `json:"markdown,omitempty"`
+	File         *wecomMediaRefContent `json:"file,omitempty"`
+	Image        *wecomMediaRefContent `json:"image,omitempty"`
+	Voice        *wecomMediaRefContent `json:"voice,omitempty"`
+	Video        *wecomVideoContent    `json:"video,omitempty"`
+	TemplateCard map[string]any        `json:"template_card,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type wecomStreamContent struct {
+	ID      string `json:"id"`
+	Finish  bool   `json:"finish"`
+	Content string `json:"content,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type wecomMarkdownContent struct {
+	Content string `json:"content"`
+}
+
+type wecomMediaRefContent struct {
+	MediaID string `json:"media_id"`
+}
+
+type wecomVideoContent struct {
+	MediaID     string `json:"media_id"`
+	Title       string `json:"title,omitempty"`
+	Description string `json:"description,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type wecomUploadMediaInitBody struct {
+	Type        string `json:"type"`
+	Filename    string `json:"filename"`
+	TotalSize   int64  `json:"total_size"`
+	TotalChunks int    `json:"total_chunks"`
+	MD5         string `json:"md5,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type wecomUploadMediaInitResponse struct {
+	UploadID string `json:"upload_id"`
+}
+
+type wecomUploadMediaChunkBody struct {
+	UploadID   string `json:"upload_id"`
+	ChunkIndex int    `json:"chunk_index"`
+	Base64Data string `json:"base64_data"`
+}
+
+type wecomUploadMediaFinishBody struct {
+	UploadID string `json:"upload_id"`
+}
+
+type wecomUploadMediaFinishResponse struct {
+	Type      string          `json:"type"`
+	MediaID   string          `json:"media_id"`
+	CreatedAt json.RawMessage `json:"created_at"`
+}
+
+type wecomIncomingMessage struct {
+	MsgID    string `json:"msgid"`
+	AIBotID  string `json:"aibotid"`
+	ChatID   string `json:"chatid,omitempty"`
+	ChatType string `json:"chattype,omitempty"`
+	From     struct {
+		UserID string `json:"userid"`
+	} `json:"from"`
+	MsgType string `json:"msgtype"`
+	Text    *struct {
+		Content string `json:"content"`
+	} `json:"text,omitempty"`
+	Image *struct {
+		URL    string `json:"url"`
+		AESKey string `json:"aeskey,omitempty"`
+	} `json:"image,omitempty"`
+	File *struct {
+		URL    string `json:"url"`
+		AESKey string `json:"aeskey,omitempty"`
+	} `json:"file,omitempty"`
+	Video *struct {
+		URL    string `json:"url"`
+		AESKey string `json:"aeskey,omitempty"`
+	} `json:"video,omitempty"`
+	Voice *struct {
+		Content string `json:"content"`
+	} `json:"voice,omitempty"`
+	Mixed *struct {
+		MsgItem []struct {
+			MsgType string `json:"msgtype"`
+			Text    *struct {
+				Content string `json:"content"`
+			} `json:"text,omitempty"`
+			Image *struct {
+				URL    string `json:"url"`
+				AESKey string `json:"aeskey,omitempty"`
+			} `json:"image,omitempty"`
+			File *struct {
+				URL    string `json:"url"`
+				AESKey string `json:"aeskey,omitempty"`
+			} `json:"file,omitempty"`
+		} `json:"msg_item"`
+	} `json:"mixed,omitempty"`
+	Quote *struct {
+		MsgType string `json:"msgtype"`
+		Text    *struct {
+			Content string `json:"content"`
+		} `json:"text,omitempty"`
+	} `json:"quote,omitempty"`
+	Event *struct {
+		EventType string `json:"eventtype"`
+	} `json:"event,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func incomingChatID(msg wecomIncomingMessage) string {
+	if msg.ChatID != "" {
+		return msg.ChatID
+	}
+	return msg.From.UserID
+}
+
+func incomingChatTypeCode(kind string) uint32 {
+	if kind == "group" {
+		return 2
+	}
+	return 1
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/reqid_store.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/reqid_store.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59e64e63d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/wecom/reqid_store.go
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package wecom
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type wecomRoute struct {
+	ReqID     string    `json:"req_id"`
+	ChatID    string    `json:"chat_id"`
+	ChatType  uint32    `json:"chat_type"`
+	ExpiresAt time.Time `json:"expires_at"`
+}
+
+type reqIDStore struct {
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	path   string
+	routes map[string]wecomRoute
+}
+
+func newReqIDStore(path string) *reqIDStore {
+	if path == "" {
+		path = defaultReqIDStorePath()
+	}
+	s := &reqIDStore{
+		path:   path,
+		routes: make(map[string]wecomRoute),
+	}
+	_ = s.load()
+	return s
+}
+
+func defaultReqIDStorePath() string {
+	if home, err := os.UserHomeDir(); err == nil && home != "" {
+		return filepath.Join(home, ".picoclaw", "wecom", "reqid-store.json")
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "picoclaw-wecom-reqid-store.json")
+}
+
+func (s *reqIDStore) Put(chatID, reqID string, chatType uint32, ttl time.Duration) error {
+	if reqID == "" || chatID == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.deleteExpiredLocked(time.Now())
+	s.routes[chatID] = wecomRoute{
+		ReqID:     reqID,
+		ChatID:    chatID,
+		ChatType:  chatType,
+		ExpiresAt: time.Now().Add(ttl),
+	}
+	return s.saveLocked()
+}
+
+func (s *reqIDStore) Get(chatID string) (wecomRoute, bool) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.deleteExpiredLocked(time.Now())
+	route, ok := s.routes[chatID]
+	return route, ok
+}
+
+func (s *reqIDStore) Delete(chatID string) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	delete(s.routes, chatID)
+	return s.saveLocked()
+}
+
+func (s *reqIDStore) load() error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(s.path)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var routes map[string]wecomRoute
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &routes); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.routes = routes
+	s.deleteExpiredLocked(time.Now())
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *reqIDStore) deleteExpiredLocked(now time.Time) {
+	for chatID, route := range s.routes {
+		if !route.ExpiresAt.IsZero() && now.After(route.ExpiresAt) {
+			delete(s.routes, chatID)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *reqIDStore) saveLocked() error {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(s.path), 0o700); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(s.routes, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return os.WriteFile(s.path, data, 0o600)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/reqid_store_test.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/reqid_store_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e68e82500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/wecom/reqid_store_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package wecom
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestReqIDStorePersistsRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	storePath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "reqids.json")
+	store := newReqIDStore(storePath)
+	if err := store.Put("chat-1", "req-1", 2, time.Hour); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Put() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	reloaded := newReqIDStore(storePath)
+	route, ok := reloaded.Get("chat-1")
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected persisted route to be loaded")
+	}
+	if route.ChatID != "chat-1" || route.ReqID != "req-1" || route.ChatType != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("loaded route = %+v", route)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/wecom.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/wecom.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..26e971921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/wecom/wecom.go
@@ -0,0 +1,970 @@
+package wecom
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/identity"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+const (
+	wecomConnectTimeout    = 15 * time.Second
+	wecomCommandTimeout    = 10 * time.Second
+	wecomUploadTimeout     = 30 * time.Second
+	wecomHeartbeatInterval = 30 * time.Second
+	wecomStreamMaxDuration = 5*time.Minute + 30*time.Second
+	wecomStreamMinInterval = 500 * time.Millisecond
+	wecomRouteTTL          = 30 * time.Minute
+	wecomMediaTimeout      = 30 * time.Second
+	wecomRecentMessageMax  = 1000
+)
+
+type WeComChannel struct {
+	*channels.BaseChannel
+	config config.WeComConfig
+
+	ctx    context.Context
+	cancel context.CancelFunc
+
+	conn   *websocket.Conn
+	connMu sync.Mutex
+
+	pendingMu sync.Mutex
+	pending   map[string]chan wecomEnvelope
+
+	turnsMu sync.Mutex
+	turns   map[string][]wecomTurn
+
+	recent      *recentMessageSet
+	routes      *reqIDStore
+	mediaClient *http.Client
+	commandSend func(wecomCommand, time.Duration) (wecomEnvelope, error)
+}
+
+type wecomTurn struct {
+	ReqID     string
+	ChatID    string
+	ChatType  uint32
+	StreamID  string
+	CreatedAt time.Time
+}
+
+type wecomStreamer struct {
+	channel *WeComChannel
+	chatID  string
+	turn    wecomTurn
+
+	mu         sync.Mutex
+	closed     bool
+	lastSentAt time.Time
+	content    string
+}
+
+type recentMessageSet struct {
+	mu   sync.Mutex
+	seen map[string]struct{}
+	ring []string
+	idx  int
+}
+
+func newRecentMessageSet(capacity int) *recentMessageSet {
+	if capacity <= 0 {
+		capacity = wecomRecentMessageMax
+	}
+	return &recentMessageSet{
+		seen: make(map[string]struct{}, capacity),
+		ring: make([]string, capacity),
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *recentMessageSet) Mark(id string) bool {
+	if id == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if _, ok := s.seen[id]; ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	if old := s.ring[s.idx]; old != "" {
+		delete(s.seen, old)
+	}
+	s.ring[s.idx] = id
+	s.idx = (s.idx + 1) % len(s.ring)
+	s.seen[id] = struct{}{}
+	return true
+}
+
+func NewChannel(cfg config.WeComConfig, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) (*WeComChannel, error) {
+	if cfg.BotID == "" || cfg.Secret() == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wecom bot_id and secret are required")
+	}
+	if cfg.WebSocketURL == "" {
+		cfg.WebSocketURL = wecomDefaultWebSocketURL
+	}
+
+	base := channels.NewBaseChannel(
+		"wecom",
+		cfg,
+		messageBus,
+		cfg.AllowFrom,
+		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(cfg.ReasoningChannelID),
+	)
+
+	ch := &WeComChannel{
+		BaseChannel: base,
+		config:      cfg,
+		pending:     make(map[string]chan wecomEnvelope),
+		turns:       make(map[string][]wecomTurn),
+		recent:      newRecentMessageSet(wecomRecentMessageMax),
+		routes:      newReqIDStore(""),
+		mediaClient: &http.Client{Timeout: wecomMediaTimeout},
+	}
+	ch.SetOwner(ch)
+	return ch, nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) Name() string { return "wecom" }
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
+	logger.InfoC("wecom", "Starting WeCom channel...")
+	c.ctx, c.cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	c.SetRunning(true)
+	go c.connectLoop()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) Stop(_ context.Context) error {
+	logger.InfoC("wecom", "Stopping WeCom channel...")
+	if c.cancel != nil {
+		c.cancel()
+	}
+	c.connMu.Lock()
+	if c.conn != nil {
+		_ = c.conn.Close()
+		c.conn = nil
+	}
+	c.connMu.Unlock()
+	c.clearTurns()
+	c.SetRunning(false)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) BeginStream(_ context.Context, chatID string) (channels.Streamer, error) {
+	if !c.IsRunning() {
+		return nil, channels.ErrNotRunning
+	}
+
+	turn, ok := c.getTurn(chatID)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wecom streaming unavailable: no active turn")
+	}
+	if time.Since(turn.CreatedAt) > wecomStreamMaxDuration {
+		c.consumeTurn(chatID, turn)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wecom streaming unavailable: turn expired")
+	}
+
+	return &wecomStreamer{
+		channel: c,
+		chatID:  chatID,
+		turn:    turn,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) Send(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMessage) error {
+	if !c.IsRunning() {
+		return channels.ErrNotRunning
+	}
+	content := strings.TrimSpace(msg.Content)
+	if content == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if turn, ok := c.getTurn(msg.ChatID); ok {
+		if time.Since(turn.CreatedAt) <= wecomStreamMaxDuration {
+			if err := c.sendStreamReply(turn, content); err == nil {
+				c.consumeTurn(msg.ChatID, turn)
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		c.consumeTurn(msg.ChatID, turn)
+	}
+
+	if route, ok := c.routes.Get(msg.ChatID); ok {
+		if err := c.sendActivePush(route.ChatID, route.ChatType, content); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := c.sendActivePush(msg.ChatID, 0, content); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) SendMedia(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) error {
+	if !c.IsRunning() {
+		return channels.ErrNotRunning
+	}
+
+	route, chatType, hasTurn := c.resolveMediaRoute(msg.ChatID)
+	chatID := route.ChatID
+	if chatID == "" {
+		chatID = msg.ChatID
+	}
+
+	for _, part := range msg.Parts {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(part.Ref) == "" {
+			if caption := strings.TrimSpace(part.Caption); caption != "" {
+				if err := c.sendActivePush(chatID, chatType, caption); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		localPath, filename, contentType, cleanup, err := c.resolveOutboundPart(ctx, part)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("wecom resolve media %q: %v: %w", part.Ref, err, channels.ErrSendFailed)
+		}
+
+		func() {
+			if cleanup != nil {
+				defer cleanup()
+			}
+
+			uploaded, uploadErr := c.uploadOutboundMedia(ctx, localPath, filename, contentType, part)
+			if uploadErr != nil {
+				logger.WarnCF("wecom", "Falling back to placeholder after media upload failure", map[string]any{
+					"chat_id":      chatID,
+					"ref":          part.Ref,
+					"filename":     filename,
+					"content_type": contentType,
+					"error":        uploadErr.Error(),
+				})
+				if hasTurn {
+					if finishErr := c.sendStreamChunk(route, true, ""); finishErr != nil {
+						err = finishErr
+						return
+					}
+					c.deleteTurn(msg.ChatID)
+					hasTurn = false
+				}
+				err = c.sendActivePush(chatID, chatType, fallbackWeComMediaText(part, "", filename))
+				return
+			}
+
+			if hasTurn {
+				err = c.sendTurnMedia(route, uploaded)
+				c.deleteTurn(msg.ChatID)
+				hasTurn = false
+			} else {
+				err = c.sendActiveMedia(chatID, chatType, uploaded)
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			if caption := strings.TrimSpace(part.Caption); caption != "" {
+				err = c.sendActivePush(chatID, chatType, caption)
+			}
+		}()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) connectLoop() {
+	backoff := time.Second
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-c.ctx.Done():
+			return
+		default:
+		}
+
+		if err := c.runConnection(); err != nil {
+			logger.WarnCF("wecom", "WeCom connection lost", map[string]any{
+				"error":   err.Error(),
+				"backoff": backoff.String(),
+			})
+			select {
+			case <-time.After(backoff):
+			case <-c.ctx.Done():
+				return
+			}
+			if backoff < time.Minute {
+				backoff *= 2
+				if backoff > time.Minute {
+					backoff = time.Minute
+				}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) runConnection() error {
+	dialCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(c.ctx, wecomConnectTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	conn, resp, err := websocket.DefaultDialer.DialContext(dialCtx, c.config.WebSocketURL, nil)
+	if resp != nil {
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", channels.ErrTemporary, err)
+	}
+
+	c.connMu.Lock()
+	c.conn = conn
+	c.connMu.Unlock()
+	defer func() {
+		c.connMu.Lock()
+		if c.conn == conn {
+			c.conn = nil
+		}
+		c.connMu.Unlock()
+		_ = conn.Close()
+		c.clearTurns()
+	}()
+
+	readErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		readErrCh <- c.readLoop(conn)
+	}()
+
+	if writeErr := c.writeAndWait(conn, wecomCommand{
+		Cmd:     wecomCmdSubscribe,
+		Headers: wecomHeaders{ReqID: randomID(10)},
+		Body: map[string]string{
+			"bot_id": c.config.BotID,
+			"secret": c.config.Secret(),
+		},
+	}, wecomCommandTimeout); writeErr != nil {
+		return writeErr
+	}
+
+	heartbeatDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(heartbeatDone)
+		c.heartbeatLoop(conn)
+	}()
+
+	err = <-readErrCh
+	_ = conn.Close()
+	<-heartbeatDone
+	return err
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) heartbeatLoop(conn *websocket.Conn) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(wecomHeartbeatInterval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			if err := c.writeAndWait(conn, wecomCommand{
+				Cmd:     wecomCmdPing,
+				Headers: wecomHeaders{ReqID: randomID(10)},
+			}, wecomCommandTimeout); err != nil {
+				logger.WarnCF("wecom", "Heartbeat failed", map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
+				_ = conn.Close()
+				return
+			}
+		case <-c.ctx.Done():
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) readLoop(conn *websocket.Conn) error {
+	for {
+		_, raw, err := conn.ReadMessage()
+		if err != nil {
+			select {
+			case <-c.ctx.Done():
+				return nil
+			default:
+				return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", channels.ErrTemporary, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		var env wecomEnvelope
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &env); err != nil {
+			logger.WarnCF("wecom", "Failed to parse WebSocket message", map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if env.Cmd == "" && env.Headers.ReqID != "" {
+			c.pendingMu.Lock()
+			ch, ok := c.pending[env.Headers.ReqID]
+			if ok {
+				delete(c.pending, env.Headers.ReqID)
+			}
+			c.pendingMu.Unlock()
+			if ok {
+				ch <- env
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		go c.handleEnvelope(env)
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) handleEnvelope(env wecomEnvelope) {
+	switch env.Cmd {
+	case wecomCmdMsgCallback:
+		c.handleMessageCallback(env)
+	case wecomCmdEventCallback:
+		c.handleEventCallback(env)
+	default:
+		logger.DebugCF("wecom", "Ignoring unsupported WeCom command", map[string]any{"cmd": env.Cmd})
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) handleEventCallback(env wecomEnvelope) {
+	var msg wecomIncomingMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(env.Body, &msg); err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("wecom", "Failed to parse WeCom event callback", map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) handleMessageCallback(env wecomEnvelope) {
+	var msg wecomIncomingMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(env.Body, &msg); err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("wecom", "Failed to parse WeCom message callback", map[string]any{"error": err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+	if !c.recent.Mark(msg.MsgID) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	reqID := env.Headers.ReqID
+	if reqID == "" {
+		logger.WarnC("wecom", "WeCom message callback missing req_id")
+		return
+	}
+	if msg.Event != nil && msg.Event.EventType != "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := c.dispatchIncoming(reqID, msg); err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("wecom", "Failed to dispatch WeCom message", map[string]any{
+			"req_id": reqID,
+			"error":  err.Error(),
+		})
+		_ = c.respondImmediate(reqID, "The WeCom message could not be processed.")
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) dispatchIncoming(reqID string, msg wecomIncomingMessage) error {
+	senderID := msg.From.UserID
+	if senderID == "" {
+		senderID = "unknown"
+	}
+	actualChatID := incomingChatID(msg)
+	chatType := incomingChatTypeCode(msg.ChatType)
+	peerKind := "direct"
+	if msg.ChatType == "group" {
+		peerKind = "group"
+	}
+
+	sender := bus.SenderInfo{
+		Platform:    "wecom",
+		PlatformID:  senderID,
+		CanonicalID: identity.BuildCanonicalID("wecom", senderID),
+		DisplayName: senderID,
+	}
+
+	var (
+		content   string
+		quoteText string
+		mediaRefs []string
+		err       error
+	)
+	scope := channels.BuildMediaScope("wecom", actualChatID, msg.MsgID)
+	switch msg.MsgType {
+	case "text":
+		if msg.Text != nil {
+			content = strings.TrimSpace(msg.Text.Content)
+		}
+	case "voice":
+		if msg.Voice != nil {
+			content = strings.TrimSpace(msg.Voice.Content)
+		}
+	case "image":
+		content = "[image]"
+		mediaRefs, err = c.collectSingleMedia(c.ctx, scope, msg.MsgID, &mediaPayload{
+			url:    msg.Image.URL,
+			aesKey: msg.Image.AESKey,
+		}, "image", ".jpg")
+	case "file":
+		content = "[file]"
+		mediaRefs, err = c.collectSingleMedia(c.ctx, scope, msg.MsgID, &mediaPayload{
+			url:    msg.File.URL,
+			aesKey: msg.File.AESKey,
+		}, "file", ".bin")
+	case "video":
+		content = "[video]"
+		mediaRefs, err = c.collectSingleMedia(c.ctx, scope, msg.MsgID, &mediaPayload{
+			url:    msg.Video.URL,
+			aesKey: msg.Video.AESKey,
+		}, "video", ".mp4")
+	case "mixed":
+		content, mediaRefs, err = c.collectMixedMedia(c.ctx, scope, msg)
+	default:
+		return c.respondImmediate(reqID, "Unsupported WeCom message type: "+msg.MsgType)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if msg.Quote != nil && msg.Quote.Text != nil {
+		quoteText = strings.TrimSpace(msg.Quote.Text.Content)
+		if content == "" {
+			content = quoteText
+		}
+	}
+	if content == "" && len(mediaRefs) == 0 {
+		return c.respondImmediate(reqID, "The WeCom message did not contain usable content.")
+	}
+
+	turn := wecomTurn{
+		ReqID:     reqID,
+		ChatID:    actualChatID,
+		ChatType:  chatType,
+		StreamID:  randomID(10),
+		CreatedAt: time.Now(),
+	}
+	c.queueTurn(actualChatID, turn)
+	if err := c.routes.Put(actualChatID, reqID, chatType, wecomRouteTTL); err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("wecom", "Failed to persist req_id route", map[string]any{
+			"chat_id": actualChatID,
+			"req_id":  reqID,
+			"error":   err.Error(),
+		})
+	}
+
+	opening := ""
+	if c.config.SendThinkingMessage {
+		opening = "Processing..."
+	}
+	if err := c.sendStreamChunk(turn, false, opening); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	peer := bus.Peer{Kind: peerKind, ID: actualChatID}
+	metadata := map[string]string{
+		"channel":   "wecom",
+		"req_id":    reqID,
+		"chat_id":   actualChatID,
+		"chat_type": msg.ChatType,
+		"msg_id":    msg.MsgID,
+		"msg_type":  msg.MsgType,
+	}
+	if quoteText != "" {
+		metadata["quote_text"] = quoteText
+	}
+
+	c.HandleMessage(c.ctx, peer, msg.MsgID, senderID, actualChatID, content, mediaRefs, metadata, sender)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) collectSingleMedia(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	scope, msgID string,
+	payload interface {
+		GetURL() string
+		GetAESKey() string
+	},
+	label, fallbackExt string,
+) ([]string, error) {
+	if payload == nil || payload.GetURL() == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s payload is empty", label)
+	}
+	ref, err := c.storeRemoteMedia(ctx, scope, msgID, payload.GetURL(), payload.GetAESKey(), fallbackExt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return []string{ref}, nil
+}
+
+type mediaPayload struct {
+	url    string
+	aesKey string
+}
+
+func (p *mediaPayload) GetURL() string    { return p.url }
+func (p *mediaPayload) GetAESKey() string { return p.aesKey }
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) collectMixedMedia(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	scope string,
+	msg wecomIncomingMessage,
+) (string, []string, error) {
+	if msg.Mixed == nil {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("mixed message is empty")
+	}
+
+	var textParts []string
+	var refs []string
+	for idx, item := range msg.Mixed.MsgItem {
+		switch item.MsgType {
+		case "text":
+			if item.Text != nil && strings.TrimSpace(item.Text.Content) != "" {
+				textParts = append(textParts, strings.TrimSpace(item.Text.Content))
+			}
+		case "image":
+			if item.Image != nil && item.Image.URL != "" {
+				ref, err := c.storeRemoteMedia(
+					ctx,
+					scope,
+					fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", msg.MsgID, idx),
+					item.Image.URL,
+					item.Image.AESKey,
+					".jpg",
+				)
+				if err != nil {
+					return "", nil, err
+				}
+				refs = append(refs, ref)
+			}
+		case "file":
+			if item.File != nil && item.File.URL != "" {
+				ref, err := c.storeRemoteMedia(
+					ctx,
+					scope,
+					fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", msg.MsgID, idx),
+					item.File.URL,
+					item.File.AESKey,
+					".bin",
+				)
+				if err != nil {
+					return "", nil, err
+				}
+				refs = append(refs, ref)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	content := strings.Join(textParts, "\n")
+	if content == "" && len(refs) > 0 {
+		content = "[media]"
+	}
+	return content, refs, nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) respondImmediate(reqID, content string) error {
+	turn := wecomTurn{
+		ReqID:     reqID,
+		StreamID:  randomID(10),
+		CreatedAt: time.Now(),
+	}
+	return c.sendStreamChunk(turn, true, content)
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) sendStreamReply(turn wecomTurn, content string) error {
+	return c.sendStreamChunk(turn, true, content)
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) sendStreamChunk(turn wecomTurn, finish bool, content string) error {
+	return c.sendCommand(wecomCommand{
+		Cmd:     wecomCmdRespondMsg,
+		Headers: wecomHeaders{ReqID: turn.ReqID},
+		Body: wecomRespondMsgBody{
+			MsgType: "stream",
+			Stream: &wecomStreamContent{
+				ID:      turn.StreamID,
+				Finish:  finish,
+				Content: content,
+			},
+		},
+	}, wecomCommandTimeout)
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) sendTurnMedia(turn wecomTurn, uploaded *wecomOutboundMedia) error {
+	if uploaded == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wecom outbound media is nil: %w", channels.ErrSendFailed)
+	}
+	if err := c.sendCommand(wecomCommand{
+		Cmd:     wecomCmdRespondMsg,
+		Headers: wecomHeaders{ReqID: turn.ReqID},
+		Body:    uploaded.respondBody(),
+	}, wecomCommandTimeout); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return c.sendStreamChunk(turn, true, "")
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) sendActivePush(chatID string, chatType uint32, content string) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(chatID) == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("empty chat ID: %w", channels.ErrSendFailed)
+	}
+	return c.sendCommand(wecomCommand{
+		Cmd:     wecomCmdSendMsg,
+		Headers: wecomHeaders{ReqID: randomID(10)},
+		Body: wecomSendMsgBody{
+			ChatID:   chatID,
+			ChatType: chatType,
+			MsgType:  "markdown",
+			Markdown: &wecomMarkdownContent{Content: content},
+		},
+	}, wecomCommandTimeout)
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) sendActiveMedia(chatID string, chatType uint32, uploaded *wecomOutboundMedia) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(chatID) == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("empty chat ID: %w", channels.ErrSendFailed)
+	}
+	if uploaded == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wecom outbound media is nil: %w", channels.ErrSendFailed)
+	}
+	return c.sendCommand(wecomCommand{
+		Cmd:     wecomCmdSendMsg,
+		Headers: wecomHeaders{ReqID: randomID(10)},
+		Body:    uploaded.sendBody(chatID, chatType),
+	}, wecomCommandTimeout)
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) sendCommand(cmd wecomCommand, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	_, err := c.sendCommandAck(cmd, timeout)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) sendCommandAck(cmd wecomCommand, timeout time.Duration) (wecomEnvelope, error) {
+	if c.commandSend != nil {
+		return c.commandSend(cmd, timeout)
+	}
+	return c.writeCurrentAck(cmd, timeout)
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) writeCurrentAck(cmd wecomCommand, timeout time.Duration) (wecomEnvelope, error) {
+	c.connMu.Lock()
+	conn := c.conn
+	c.connMu.Unlock()
+	if conn == nil {
+		return wecomEnvelope{}, fmt.Errorf("wecom websocket not connected: %w", channels.ErrTemporary)
+	}
+	return c.writeAndWaitAck(conn, cmd, timeout)
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) writeAndWait(conn *websocket.Conn, cmd wecomCommand, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	_, err := c.writeAndWaitAck(conn, cmd, timeout)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) writeAndWaitAck(
+	conn *websocket.Conn,
+	cmd wecomCommand,
+	timeout time.Duration,
+) (wecomEnvelope, error) {
+	if cmd.Headers.ReqID == "" {
+		cmd.Headers.ReqID = randomID(10)
+	}
+	waitCh := make(chan wecomEnvelope, 1)
+	c.pendingMu.Lock()
+	c.pending[cmd.Headers.ReqID] = waitCh
+	c.pendingMu.Unlock()
+	defer func() {
+		c.pendingMu.Lock()
+		delete(c.pending, cmd.Headers.ReqID)
+		c.pendingMu.Unlock()
+	}()
+
+	data, err := json.Marshal(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return wecomEnvelope{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", channels.ErrSendFailed, err)
+	}
+	c.connMu.Lock()
+	err = conn.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, data)
+	c.connMu.Unlock()
+	if err != nil {
+		return wecomEnvelope{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", channels.ErrTemporary, err)
+	}
+
+	timer := time.NewTimer(timeout)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	select {
+	case env := <-waitCh:
+		if env.ErrCode != 0 {
+			return wecomEnvelope{}, fmt.Errorf(
+				"%w: wecom errcode=%d errmsg=%s",
+				channels.ErrTemporary,
+				env.ErrCode,
+				env.ErrMsg,
+			)
+		}
+		return env, nil
+	case <-timer.C:
+		return wecomEnvelope{}, fmt.Errorf("%w: timeout waiting for WeCom ack", channels.ErrTemporary)
+	case <-c.ctx.Done():
+		return wecomEnvelope{}, c.ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) getTurn(chatID string) (wecomTurn, bool) {
+	c.turnsMu.Lock()
+	defer c.turnsMu.Unlock()
+	queue := c.turns[chatID]
+	if len(queue) == 0 {
+		return wecomTurn{}, false
+	}
+	return queue[0], true
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) deleteTurn(chatID string) {
+	c.turnsMu.Lock()
+	defer c.turnsMu.Unlock()
+	queue := c.turns[chatID]
+	if len(queue) <= 1 {
+		delete(c.turns, chatID)
+		return
+	}
+	c.turns[chatID] = queue[1:]
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) queueTurn(chatID string, turn wecomTurn) {
+	c.turnsMu.Lock()
+	defer c.turnsMu.Unlock()
+	c.turns[chatID] = append(c.turns[chatID], turn)
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) consumeTurn(chatID string, turn wecomTurn) bool {
+	c.turnsMu.Lock()
+	defer c.turnsMu.Unlock()
+
+	queue := c.turns[chatID]
+	if len(queue) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	current := queue[0]
+	if current.ReqID != turn.ReqID || current.StreamID != turn.StreamID {
+		return false
+	}
+	if len(queue) == 1 {
+		delete(c.turns, chatID)
+		return true
+	}
+	c.turns[chatID] = queue[1:]
+	return true
+}
+
+func (c *WeComChannel) clearTurns() {
+	c.turnsMu.Lock()
+	c.turns = make(map[string][]wecomTurn)
+	c.turnsMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func randomID(n int) string {
+	const alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
+	if n <= 0 {
+		n = 10
+	}
+	buf := make([]byte, n)
+	for i := range buf {
+		v, _ := rand.Int(rand.Reader, big.NewInt(int64(len(alphabet))))
+		buf[i] = alphabet[v.Int64()]
+	}
+	return string(buf)
+}
+
+func (s *wecomStreamer) Update(ctx context.Context, content string) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if s.closed {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := s.validateActiveTurn(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !s.lastSentAt.IsZero() {
+		wait := time.Until(s.lastSentAt.Add(wecomStreamMinInterval))
+		if wait > 0 {
+			timer := time.NewTimer(wait)
+			defer timer.Stop()
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return ctx.Err()
+			case <-timer.C:
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := s.channel.sendStreamChunk(s.turn, false, content); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.content = content
+	s.lastSentAt = time.Now()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *wecomStreamer) Finalize(ctx context.Context, content string) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if s.closed {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := s.validateActiveTurn(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := s.channel.sendStreamChunk(s.turn, true, content); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	s.content = content
+	s.closed = true
+	s.channel.consumeTurn(s.chatID, s.turn)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *wecomStreamer) Cancel(_ context.Context) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if s.closed {
+		return
+	}
+	if s.validateActiveTurn() == nil {
+		_ = s.channel.sendStreamChunk(s.turn, true, s.content)
+		s.channel.consumeTurn(s.chatID, s.turn)
+	}
+	s.closed = true
+}
+
+func (s *wecomStreamer) validateActiveTurn() error {
+	if time.Since(s.turn.CreatedAt) > wecomStreamMaxDuration {
+		s.channel.consumeTurn(s.chatID, s.turn)
+		return fmt.Errorf("wecom streaming unavailable: turn expired")
+	}
+	current, ok := s.channel.getTurn(s.chatID)
+	if !ok || current.ReqID != s.turn.ReqID || current.StreamID != s.turn.StreamID {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wecom streaming unavailable: turn no longer active")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/wecom/wecom_test.go b/pkg/channels/wecom/wecom_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7a4adfc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/wecom/wecom_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,660 @@
+package wecom
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
+)
+
+func TestDispatchIncoming_UsesActualChatIDAndStoresReqIDRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	messageBus := bus.NewMessageBus()
+	ch := newTestWeComChannel(t, messageBus)
+
+	var commands []wecomCommand
+	ch.commandSend = func(cmd wecomCommand, _ time.Duration) (wecomEnvelope, error) {
+		commands = append(commands, cmd)
+		return wecomTestAck(nil), nil
+	}
+
+	msg := wecomIncomingMessage{
+		MsgID:    "msg-1",
+		ChatID:   "chat-1",
+		ChatType: "direct",
+		MsgType:  "text",
+		Text: &struct {
+			Content string `json:"content"`
+		}{Content: "hello"},
+	}
+	msg.From.UserID = "user-1"
+
+	if err := ch.dispatchIncoming("req-1", msg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dispatchIncoming() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case inbound := <-messageBus.InboundChan():
+		if inbound.ChatID != "chat-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("inbound ChatID = %q, want chat-1", inbound.ChatID)
+		}
+		if inbound.MessageID != "msg-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("inbound MessageID = %q, want msg-1", inbound.MessageID)
+		}
+		if inbound.Peer.ID != "chat-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("inbound Peer.ID = %q, want chat-1", inbound.Peer.ID)
+		}
+		if inbound.Metadata["req_id"] != "req-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("inbound req_id = %q, want req-1", inbound.Metadata["req_id"])
+		}
+	default:
+		t.Fatal("expected inbound message to be published")
+	}
+
+	turn, ok := ch.getTurn("chat-1")
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected queued turn for chat-1")
+	}
+	if turn.ReqID != "req-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("turn.ReqID = %q, want req-1", turn.ReqID)
+	}
+
+	route, ok := ch.routes.Get("chat-1")
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected persisted route for chat-1")
+	}
+	if route.ReqID != "req-1" || route.ChatType != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("route = %+v", route)
+	}
+
+	if len(commands) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 opening command, got %d", len(commands))
+	}
+	if commands[0].Cmd != wecomCmdRespondMsg {
+		t.Fatalf("opening command = %q, want %q", commands[0].Cmd, wecomCmdRespondMsg)
+	}
+	if commands[0].Headers.ReqID != "req-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("opening req_id = %q, want req-1", commands[0].Headers.ReqID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewChannel_DoesNotRegisterMessageSplitLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ch := newTestWeComChannel(t, bus.NewMessageBus())
+	if got := ch.MaxMessageLength(); got != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("MaxMessageLength() = %d, want 0", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBeginStream_UpdateAndFinalize(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ch := newTestWeComChannel(t, bus.NewMessageBus())
+	ch.SetRunning(true)
+	ch.queueTurn("chat-1", wecomTurn{
+		ReqID:     "req-1",
+		ChatID:    "chat-1",
+		ChatType:  1,
+		StreamID:  "stream-1",
+		CreatedAt: time.Now(),
+	})
+
+	var commands []wecomCommand
+	ch.commandSend = func(cmd wecomCommand, _ time.Duration) (wecomEnvelope, error) {
+		commands = append(commands, cmd)
+		return wecomTestAck(nil), nil
+	}
+
+	streamer, err := ch.BeginStream(context.Background(), "chat-1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("BeginStream() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := streamer.Update(context.Background(), "draft"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Update() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := streamer.Finalize(context.Background(), "final"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Finalize() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(commands) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 commands, got %d", len(commands))
+	}
+	for i, wantFinish := range []bool{false, true} {
+		if commands[i].Cmd != wecomCmdRespondMsg {
+			t.Fatalf("command[%d].Cmd = %q, want %q", i, commands[i].Cmd, wecomCmdRespondMsg)
+		}
+		body, ok := commands[i].Body.(wecomRespondMsgBody)
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("command[%d] body type = %T", i, commands[i].Body)
+		}
+		if body.Stream == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("command[%d] missing stream body", i)
+		}
+		if body.Stream.ID != "stream-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("command[%d] stream id = %q, want stream-1", i, body.Stream.ID)
+		}
+		if body.Stream.Finish != wantFinish {
+			t.Fatalf("command[%d] finish = %v, want %v", i, body.Stream.Finish, wantFinish)
+		}
+	}
+	if body := commands[0].Body.(wecomRespondMsgBody); body.Stream.Content != "draft" {
+		t.Fatalf("update content = %q, want draft", body.Stream.Content)
+	}
+	if body := commands[1].Body.(wecomRespondMsgBody); body.Stream.Content != "final" {
+		t.Fatalf("final content = %q, want final", body.Stream.Content)
+	}
+	if _, ok := ch.getTurn("chat-1"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected turn to be consumed after Finalize")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSend_StreamFailureFallsBackToActualChatID(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ch := newTestWeComChannel(t, bus.NewMessageBus())
+	ch.SetRunning(true)
+	ch.queueTurn("chat-1", wecomTurn{
+		ReqID:     "req-1",
+		ChatID:    "chat-1",
+		ChatType:  1,
+		StreamID:  "stream-1",
+		CreatedAt: time.Now(),
+	})
+	ch.queueTurn("chat-1", wecomTurn{
+		ReqID:     "req-2",
+		ChatID:    "chat-1",
+		ChatType:  1,
+		StreamID:  "stream-2",
+		CreatedAt: time.Now(),
+	})
+	if err := ch.routes.Put("chat-1", "req-2", 1, time.Hour); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Put() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var commands []wecomCommand
+	ch.commandSend = func(cmd wecomCommand, _ time.Duration) (wecomEnvelope, error) {
+		commands = append(commands, cmd)
+		if len(commands) == 1 && cmd.Cmd == wecomCmdRespondMsg {
+			return wecomEnvelope{}, errors.New("stream send failed")
+		}
+		return wecomTestAck(nil), nil
+	}
+
+	if err := ch.Send(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMessage{
+		Channel: "wecom",
+		ChatID:  "chat-1",
+		Content: "hello",
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Send() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(commands) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 commands, got %d", len(commands))
+	}
+	if commands[0].Cmd != wecomCmdRespondMsg || commands[0].Headers.ReqID != "req-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("first command = %+v", commands[0])
+	}
+	if commands[1].Cmd != wecomCmdSendMsg {
+		t.Fatalf("second command = %q, want %q", commands[1].Cmd, wecomCmdSendMsg)
+	}
+	body, ok := commands[1].Body.(wecomSendMsgBody)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected send body type %T", commands[1].Body)
+	}
+	if body.ChatID != "chat-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("send chatid = %q, want chat-1", body.ChatID)
+	}
+	if body.ChatType != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("send chat_type = %d, want 1", body.ChatType)
+	}
+
+	nextTurn, ok := ch.getTurn("chat-1")
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected second turn to remain queued")
+	}
+	if nextTurn.ReqID != "req-2" {
+		t.Fatalf("next queued req_id = %q, want req-2", nextTurn.ReqID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSend_DoesNotSplitStreamReply(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ch := newTestWeComChannel(t, bus.NewMessageBus())
+	ch.SetRunning(true)
+	ch.queueTurn("chat-1", wecomTurn{
+		ReqID:     "req-1",
+		ChatID:    "chat-1",
+		ChatType:  1,
+		StreamID:  "stream-1",
+		CreatedAt: time.Now(),
+	})
+
+	var commands []wecomCommand
+	ch.commandSend = func(cmd wecomCommand, _ time.Duration) (wecomEnvelope, error) {
+		commands = append(commands, cmd)
+		return wecomTestAck(nil), nil
+	}
+
+	content := strings.Repeat("\u4e2d", 30000)
+	if err := ch.Send(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMessage{
+		Channel: "wecom",
+		ChatID:  "chat-1",
+		Content: content,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Send() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(commands) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 stream command, got %d", len(commands))
+	}
+	body, ok := commands[0].Body.(wecomRespondMsgBody)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected body type %T", commands[0].Body)
+	}
+	if body.Stream == nil || !body.Stream.Finish {
+		t.Fatalf("stream body = %+v", body.Stream)
+	}
+	if body.Stream.Content != content {
+		t.Fatalf("stream content length = %d, want %d", len(body.Stream.Content), len(content))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSend_DoesNotSplitActivePush(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ch := newTestWeComChannel(t, bus.NewMessageBus())
+	ch.SetRunning(true)
+
+	var commands []wecomCommand
+	ch.commandSend = func(cmd wecomCommand, _ time.Duration) (wecomEnvelope, error) {
+		commands = append(commands, cmd)
+		return wecomTestAck(nil), nil
+	}
+
+	content := strings.Repeat("a", 30000)
+	if err := ch.Send(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMessage{
+		Channel: "wecom",
+		ChatID:  "chat-1",
+		Content: content,
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Send() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(commands) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 send command, got %d", len(commands))
+	}
+	if commands[0].Cmd != wecomCmdSendMsg {
+		t.Fatalf("command = %q, want %q", commands[0].Cmd, wecomCmdSendMsg)
+	}
+	body, ok := commands[0].Body.(wecomSendMsgBody)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected body type %T", commands[0].Body)
+	}
+	if body.Markdown == nil || body.Markdown.Content != content {
+		t.Fatalf("markdown content length = %d, want %d", len(body.Markdown.Content), len(content))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSendMedia_SendsActiveImage(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ch := newTestWeComChannel(t, bus.NewMessageBus())
+	ch.SetRunning(true)
+
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	ch.SetMediaStore(store)
+
+	imageData := wecomTestJPEGData(t)
+	imagePath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "photo.jpg")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(imagePath, imageData, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	ref, err := store.Store(imagePath, media.MediaMeta{
+		Filename:      "photo.jpg",
+		ContentType:   "image/jpeg",
+		Source:        "test",
+		CleanupPolicy: media.CleanupPolicyForgetOnly,
+	}, "scope-1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var commands []wecomCommand
+	ch.commandSend = func(cmd wecomCommand, _ time.Duration) (wecomEnvelope, error) {
+		commands = append(commands, cmd)
+		switch cmd.Cmd {
+		case wecomCmdUploadMediaInit:
+			return wecomTestAck(wecomUploadMediaInitResponse{UploadID: "upload-1"}), nil
+		case wecomCmdUploadMediaEnd:
+			return wecomTestAck(wecomUploadMediaFinishResponse{
+				Type:    "image",
+				MediaID: "media-1",
+			}), nil
+		default:
+			return wecomTestAck(nil), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = ch.SendMedia(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMediaMessage{
+		Channel: "wecom",
+		ChatID:  "chat-1",
+		Parts: []bus.MediaPart{{
+			Ref:         ref,
+			Type:        "image",
+			Filename:    "photo.jpg",
+			ContentType: "image/jpeg",
+		}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SendMedia() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(commands) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 4 commands, got %d", len(commands))
+	}
+	if commands[0].Cmd != wecomCmdUploadMediaInit {
+		t.Fatalf("first command = %q, want %q", commands[0].Cmd, wecomCmdUploadMediaInit)
+	}
+	initBody, ok := commands[0].Body.(wecomUploadMediaInitBody)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected init body type %T", commands[0].Body)
+	}
+	if initBody.Type != "image" || initBody.Filename != "photo.jpg" || initBody.TotalChunks != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("init body = %+v", initBody)
+	}
+	if commands[1].Cmd != wecomCmdUploadMediaChunk {
+		t.Fatalf("second command = %q, want %q", commands[1].Cmd, wecomCmdUploadMediaChunk)
+	}
+	chunkBody, ok := commands[1].Body.(wecomUploadMediaChunkBody)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected chunk body type %T", commands[1].Body)
+	}
+	if chunkBody.UploadID != "upload-1" || chunkBody.ChunkIndex != 0 || chunkBody.Base64Data == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("chunk body = %+v", chunkBody)
+	}
+	if commands[2].Cmd != wecomCmdUploadMediaEnd {
+		t.Fatalf("third command = %q, want %q", commands[2].Cmd, wecomCmdUploadMediaEnd)
+	}
+	if commands[3].Cmd != wecomCmdSendMsg {
+		t.Fatalf("fourth command = %q, want %q", commands[3].Cmd, wecomCmdSendMsg)
+	}
+
+	body, ok := commands[3].Body.(wecomSendMsgBody)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected send body type %T", commands[3].Body)
+	}
+	if body.MsgType != "image" || body.Image == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("send body = %+v", body)
+	}
+	if body.ChatID != "chat-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("send chatid = %q, want chat-1", body.ChatID)
+	}
+	if body.Image.MediaID != "media-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("image media_id = %q, want media-1", body.Image.MediaID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSendMedia_UsesTurnImageAndFinishesStream(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ch := newTestWeComChannel(t, bus.NewMessageBus())
+	ch.SetRunning(true)
+
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	ch.SetMediaStore(store)
+
+	imageData := wecomTestJPEGData(t)
+	imagePath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "reply.jpg")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(imagePath, imageData, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	ref, err := store.Store(imagePath, media.MediaMeta{
+		Filename:      "reply.jpg",
+		ContentType:   "image/jpeg",
+		Source:        "test",
+		CleanupPolicy: media.CleanupPolicyForgetOnly,
+	}, "scope-2")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ch.queueTurn("chat-1", wecomTurn{
+		ReqID:     "req-1",
+		ChatID:    "chat-1",
+		ChatType:  1,
+		StreamID:  "stream-1",
+		CreatedAt: time.Now(),
+	})
+	putErr := ch.routes.Put("chat-1", "req-1", 1, time.Hour)
+	if putErr != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Put() error = %v", putErr)
+	}
+
+	var commands []wecomCommand
+	ch.commandSend = func(cmd wecomCommand, _ time.Duration) (wecomEnvelope, error) {
+		commands = append(commands, cmd)
+		switch cmd.Cmd {
+		case wecomCmdUploadMediaInit:
+			return wecomTestAck(wecomUploadMediaInitResponse{UploadID: "upload-2"}), nil
+		case wecomCmdUploadMediaEnd:
+			return wecomTestAck(wecomUploadMediaFinishResponse{
+				Type:    "image",
+				MediaID: "media-2",
+			}), nil
+		default:
+			return wecomTestAck(nil), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = ch.SendMedia(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMediaMessage{
+		Channel: "wecom",
+		ChatID:  "chat-1",
+		Parts: []bus.MediaPart{{
+			Ref:         ref,
+			Type:        "image",
+			Filename:    "reply.jpg",
+			ContentType: "image/jpeg",
+		}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SendMedia() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(commands) != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 5 commands, got %d", len(commands))
+	}
+	if commands[0].Cmd != wecomCmdUploadMediaInit {
+		t.Fatalf("first command = %+v", commands[0])
+	}
+	if commands[1].Cmd != wecomCmdUploadMediaChunk {
+		t.Fatalf("second command = %+v", commands[1])
+	}
+	if commands[2].Cmd != wecomCmdUploadMediaEnd {
+		t.Fatalf("third command = %+v", commands[2])
+	}
+	if commands[3].Cmd != wecomCmdRespondMsg || commands[3].Headers.ReqID != "req-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("fourth command = %+v", commands[3])
+	}
+	if commands[4].Cmd != wecomCmdRespondMsg || commands[4].Headers.ReqID != "req-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("fifth command = %+v", commands[4])
+	}
+
+	imageBody, ok := commands[3].Body.(wecomRespondMsgBody)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected image body type %T", commands[3].Body)
+	}
+	if imageBody.MsgType != "image" || imageBody.Image == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("image body = %+v", imageBody)
+	}
+	if imageBody.Image.MediaID != "media-2" {
+		t.Fatalf("image media_id = %q, want media-2", imageBody.Image.MediaID)
+	}
+
+	streamBody, ok := commands[4].Body.(wecomRespondMsgBody)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected finish body type %T", commands[4].Body)
+	}
+	if streamBody.MsgType != "stream" || streamBody.Stream == nil || !streamBody.Stream.Finish {
+		t.Fatalf("finish body = %+v", streamBody)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := ch.getTurn("chat-1"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected turn to be removed after media send")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSendMedia_SendsActiveFile(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ch := newTestWeComChannel(t, bus.NewMessageBus())
+	ch.SetRunning(true)
+
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	ch.SetMediaStore(store)
+
+	filePath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "report.pdf")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filePath, []byte("%PDF-1.4"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	ref, err := store.Store(filePath, media.MediaMeta{
+		Filename:      "report.pdf",
+		ContentType:   "application/pdf",
+		Source:        "test",
+		CleanupPolicy: media.CleanupPolicyForgetOnly,
+	}, "scope-3")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var commands []wecomCommand
+	ch.commandSend = func(cmd wecomCommand, _ time.Duration) (wecomEnvelope, error) {
+		commands = append(commands, cmd)
+		switch cmd.Cmd {
+		case wecomCmdUploadMediaInit:
+			return wecomTestAck(wecomUploadMediaInitResponse{UploadID: "upload-3"}), nil
+		case wecomCmdUploadMediaEnd:
+			return wecomTestAck(wecomUploadMediaFinishResponse{
+				Type:    "file",
+				MediaID: "media-3",
+			}), nil
+		default:
+			return wecomTestAck(nil), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = ch.SendMedia(context.Background(), bus.OutboundMediaMessage{
+		Channel: "wecom",
+		ChatID:  "chat-2",
+		Parts: []bus.MediaPart{{
+			Ref:         ref,
+			Type:        "file",
+			Filename:    "report.pdf",
+			ContentType: "application/pdf",
+		}},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SendMedia() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(commands) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 4 commands, got %d", len(commands))
+	}
+	if commands[0].Cmd != wecomCmdUploadMediaInit {
+		t.Fatalf("first command = %q, want %q", commands[0].Cmd, wecomCmdUploadMediaInit)
+	}
+	initBody, ok := commands[0].Body.(wecomUploadMediaInitBody)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected init body type %T", commands[0].Body)
+	}
+	if initBody.Type != "file" || initBody.Filename != "report.pdf" {
+		t.Fatalf("init body = %+v", initBody)
+	}
+	if commands[1].Cmd != wecomCmdUploadMediaChunk {
+		t.Fatalf("second command = %q, want %q", commands[1].Cmd, wecomCmdUploadMediaChunk)
+	}
+	if commands[2].Cmd != wecomCmdUploadMediaEnd {
+		t.Fatalf("third command = %q, want %q", commands[2].Cmd, wecomCmdUploadMediaEnd)
+	}
+	if commands[3].Cmd != wecomCmdSendMsg {
+		t.Fatalf("fourth command = %q, want %q", commands[3].Cmd, wecomCmdSendMsg)
+	}
+
+	body, ok := commands[3].Body.(wecomSendMsgBody)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected body type %T", commands[3].Body)
+	}
+	if body.MsgType != "file" || body.File == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("body = %+v", body)
+	}
+	if body.File.MediaID != "media-3" {
+		t.Fatalf("file media_id = %q, want media-3", body.File.MediaID)
+	}
+}
+
+func newTestWeComChannel(t *testing.T, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) *WeComChannel {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cfg := config.WeComConfig{BotID: "bot-1"}
+	cfg.SetSecret("secret-1")
+	ch, err := NewChannel(cfg, messageBus)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NewChannel() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	ch.ctx = context.Background()
+	ch.routes = newReqIDStore(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "reqids.json"))
+	return ch
+}
+
+func wecomTestJPEGData(t *testing.T) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	const jpegBase64 = "/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wBDAP//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////" +
+		"//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////2wBDAf//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////" +
+		"//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////wAARCAABAAEDASIAAhEBAxEB/8QAFQABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAb/xAAVEQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABf/aAAwDAQACEAMQAAAB6A//xAAVEAEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEf/aAAgBAQABBQJf/8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEP/aAAgBAwEBPwF//8QAFBEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEP/aAAgBAgEBPwF//8QAFBABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEP/aAAgBAQAGPwJf/8QAFBABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEP/aAAgBAQABPyFf/9k="
+
+	return decodeTestBase64(t, jpegBase64)
+}
+
+func TestDecodeWeComUploadFinish_AcceptsNumericCreatedAt(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	resp, err := decodeWeComEnvelopeBody[wecomUploadMediaFinishResponse](wecomEnvelope{
+		Body: json.RawMessage(`{"type":"file","media_id":"media-1","created_at":1380000000}`),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decodeWeComEnvelopeBody() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp.Type != "file" || resp.MediaID != "media-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("response = %+v", resp)
+	}
+	if string(resp.CreatedAt) != "1380000000" {
+		t.Fatalf("created_at = %s, want 1380000000", string(resp.CreatedAt))
+	}
+}
+
+func wecomTestAck(body any) wecomEnvelope {
+	var raw []byte
+	if body != nil {
+		encoded, err := json.Marshal(body)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		raw = encoded
+	}
+	return wecomEnvelope{
+		ErrCode: 0,
+		ErrMsg:  "ok",
+		Body:    raw,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/weixin/api.go b/pkg/channels/weixin/api.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f9b3b5c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/weixin/api.go
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+package weixin
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"path"
+)
+
+type ApiClient struct {
+	BaseURL    string
+	Token      string
+	HttpClient *http.Client
+}
+
+func NewApiClient(baseURL, token string, proxy string) (*ApiClient, error) {
+	if baseURL == "" {
+		baseURL = "https://ilinkai.weixin.qq.com/"
+	}
+
+	client := &http.Client{
+		// Default timeout; will be overridden per context
+	}
+
+	if proxy != "" {
+		proxyURL, err := url.Parse(proxy)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid proxy URL %q: %w", proxy, err)
+		}
+
+		// Clone the default transport so we preserve all default settings (TLS, HTTP/2, timeouts, keep-alives)
+		if defaultTransport, ok := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport); ok {
+			transport := defaultTransport.Clone()
+			transport.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(proxyURL)
+			client.Transport = transport
+		} else {
+			// Fallback: preserve previous behavior if DefaultTransport is not the expected type
+			client.Transport = &http.Transport{
+				Proxy: http.ProxyURL(proxyURL),
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &ApiClient{
+		BaseURL:    baseURL,
+		Token:      token,
+		HttpClient: client,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func randomWechatUIN() string {
+	var b [4]byte
+	_, _ = rand.Read(b[:])
+	uint32Val := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("%d", uint32Val)))
+}
+
+func (c *ApiClient) post(ctx context.Context, endpoint string, body any, responseObj any) error {
+	u, err := url.Parse(c.BaseURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	u.Path = path.Join(u.Path, endpoint)
+
+	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal request body: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", u.String(), bytes.NewBuffer(jsonData))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	if endpoint == "ilink/bot/get_bot_qrcode" || endpoint == "ilink/bot/get_qrcode_status" {
+		// QR routes have different headers sometimes, but let's stick to base ones
+		if endpoint == "ilink/bot/get_qrcode_status" {
+			// Use direct map assignment to send exact header name the Tencent API expects
+			req.Header["iLink-App-ClientVersion"] = []string{"1"}
+		}
+	} else {
+		req.Header["AuthorizationType"] = []string{"ilink_bot_token"}
+		req.Header["X-WECHAT-UIN"] = []string{randomWechatUIN()}
+		if c.Token != "" {
+			req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+c.Token)
+		}
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.HttpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("http POST %s failed: %w", endpoint, err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read response body: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("http %d %s: %s", resp.StatusCode, resp.Status, string(respBody))
+	}
+
+	if responseObj != nil {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(respBody, responseObj); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal response: %w, body: %s", err, string(respBody))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *ApiClient) GetUpdates(ctx context.Context, req GetUpdatesReq) (*GetUpdatesResp, error) {
+	req.BaseInfo = BaseInfo{ChannelVersion: "1.0.2"}
+	var resp GetUpdatesResp
+	err := c.post(ctx, "ilink/bot/getupdates", req, &resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}
+
+func (c *ApiClient) SendMessage(ctx context.Context, req SendMessageReq) (*SendMessageResp, error) {
+	req.BaseInfo = BaseInfo{ChannelVersion: "1.0.2"}
+	var resp SendMessageResp
+	if err := c.post(ctx, "ilink/bot/sendmessage", req, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}
+
+func (c *ApiClient) GetUploadUrl(ctx context.Context, req GetUploadUrlReq) (*GetUploadUrlResp, error) {
+	req.BaseInfo = BaseInfo{ChannelVersion: "1.0.2"}
+	var resp GetUploadUrlResp
+	err := c.post(ctx, "ilink/bot/getuploadurl", req, &resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}
+
+func (c *ApiClient) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, req GetConfigReq) (*GetConfigResp, error) {
+	req.BaseInfo = BaseInfo{ChannelVersion: "1.0.2"}
+	var resp GetConfigResp
+	if err := c.post(ctx, "ilink/bot/getconfig", req, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}
+
+func (c *ApiClient) SendTyping(ctx context.Context, req SendTypingReq) (*SendTypingResp, error) {
+	req.BaseInfo = BaseInfo{ChannelVersion: "1.0.2"}
+	var resp SendTypingResp
+	if err := c.post(ctx, "ilink/bot/sendtyping", req, &resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}
+
+func (c *ApiClient) GetQRCode(ctx context.Context, botType string) (*QRCodeResponse, error) {
+	// get_bot_qrcode is GET, not POST
+	u, err := url.Parse(c.BaseURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	u.Path = path.Join(u.Path, "ilink/bot/get_bot_qrcode")
+	q := u.Query()
+	q.Set("bot_type", botType)
+	u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", u.String(), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.HttpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get_bot_qrcode failed: %d %s", resp.StatusCode, string(respBody))
+	}
+
+	var qrcodeResp QRCodeResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(respBody, &qrcodeResp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &qrcodeResp, nil
+}
+
+func (c *ApiClient) GetQRCodeStatus(ctx context.Context, qrcode string) (*StatusResponse, error) {
+	// get_qrcode_status is GET
+	u, err := url.Parse(c.BaseURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	u.Path = path.Join(u.Path, "ilink/bot/get_qrcode_status")
+	q := u.Query()
+	q.Set("qrcode", qrcode)
+	u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", u.String(), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req.Header["iLink-App-ClientVersion"] = []string{"1"}
+
+	resp, err := c.HttpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get_qrcode_status failed: %d %s", resp.StatusCode, string(respBody))
+	}
+
+	var statusResp StatusResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(respBody, &statusResp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &statusResp, nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/weixin/auth.go b/pkg/channels/weixin/auth.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52ec2a6df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/weixin/auth.go
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package weixin
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/mdp/qrterminal/v3"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+// AuthFlowOpts configures the interactive QR login flow.
+type AuthFlowOpts struct {
+	BaseURL string
+	BotType string
+	Timeout time.Duration
+	Proxy   string
+}
+
+// PerformLoginInteractive starts the Weixin QR login flow and blocks until login is successful or times out.
+// It prints a QR code to the terminal for the user to scan.
+// Returns the BotToken, UserID, AccountID, and BaseUrl on success.
+func PerformLoginInteractive(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	opts AuthFlowOpts,
+) (botToken, userID, accountID, baseUrl string, err error) {
+	if opts.BaseURL == "" {
+		opts.BaseURL = "https://ilinkai.weixin.qq.com/"
+	}
+	if opts.BotType == "" {
+		opts.BotType = "3" // Default iLink Bot Type
+	}
+	if opts.Timeout == 0 {
+		opts.Timeout = 5 * time.Minute
+	}
+
+	api, err := NewApiClient(opts.BaseURL, "", opts.Proxy)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create api client: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	logger.InfoC("weixin", "Requesting Weixin QR code...")
+	qrResp, err := api.GetQRCode(ctx, opts.BotType)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get qrcode: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("\n=======================================================")
+	fmt.Println("Please scan the following QR code with WeChat to login:")
+	fmt.Println("=======================================================")
+	fmt.Println()
+
+	// Create Small QR
+	qrconfig := qrterminal.Config{
+		Level:      qrterminal.L,
+		Writer:     os.Stdout,
+		HalfBlocks: true,
+	}
+	qrterminal.GenerateWithConfig(qrResp.QrcodeImgContent, qrconfig)
+
+	fmt.Printf("\nQR Code Link: %s\n\n", qrResp.QrcodeImgContent)
+	fmt.Println("Waiting for scan...")
+
+	timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, opts.Timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	pollTicker := time.NewTicker(2 * time.Second)
+	defer pollTicker.Stop()
+
+	scannedPrinted := false
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-timeoutCtx.Done():
+			return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("login timeout")
+		case <-pollTicker.C:
+			statusResp, err := api.GetQRCodeStatus(timeoutCtx, qrResp.Qrcode)
+			if err != nil {
+				// Long poll timeout or temporary error
+				continue
+			}
+
+			switch statusResp.Status {
+			case "wait":
+				// still waiting
+			case "scaned":
+				if !scannedPrinted {
+					fmt.Println("👀 QR Code scanned! Please confirm login on your WeChat app...")
+					scannedPrinted = true
+				}
+			case "confirmed":
+				if statusResp.BotToken == "" || statusResp.IlinkBotID == "" {
+					return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("login confirmed but missing bot_token or ilink_bot_id")
+				}
+				logger.InfoCF("weixin", "Login successful", map[string]any{
+					"account_id": statusResp.IlinkBotID,
+				})
+
+				return statusResp.BotToken, statusResp.IlinkUserID, statusResp.IlinkBotID, statusResp.Baseurl, nil
+			case "expired":
+				return "", "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("qrcode expired, please try again")
+			default:
+				logger.WarnCF("weixin", "Unknown QR code status", map[string]any{
+					"status": statusResp.Status,
+				})
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/weixin/media.go b/pkg/channels/weixin/media.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72af27438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/weixin/media.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1038 @@
+package weixin
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/aes"
+	"crypto/md5"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"mime"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/h2non/filetype"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	basechannels "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
+)
+
+const (
+	weixinMediaMaxBytes         = 100 << 20
+	weixinTypingKeepAlive       = 5 * time.Second
+	weixinUploadRetryMax        = 3
+	weixinVoiceTranscodeTimeout = 15 * time.Second
+)
+
+type uploadedFileInfo struct {
+	downloadParam string
+	aesKeyHex     string
+	fileSize      int64
+	cipherSize    int64
+	filename      string
+}
+
+func pkcs7Pad(src []byte, blockSize int) []byte {
+	padding := blockSize - len(src)%blockSize
+	if padding == 0 {
+		padding = blockSize
+	}
+	out := make([]byte, len(src)+padding)
+	copy(out, src)
+	for i := len(src); i < len(out); i++ {
+		out[i] = byte(padding)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func pkcs7Unpad(src []byte, blockSize int) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(src) == 0 || len(src)%blockSize != 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid padded data size %d", len(src))
+	}
+	padding := int(src[len(src)-1])
+	if padding <= 0 || padding > blockSize || padding > len(src) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid padding size %d", padding)
+	}
+	for i := len(src) - padding; i < len(src); i++ {
+		if src[i] != byte(padding) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid padding content")
+		}
+	}
+	return src[:len(src)-padding], nil
+}
+
+func encryptAESECB(plaintext, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	padded := pkcs7Pad(plaintext, block.BlockSize())
+	out := make([]byte, len(padded))
+	for i := 0; i < len(padded); i += block.BlockSize() {
+		block.Encrypt(out[i:i+block.BlockSize()], padded[i:i+block.BlockSize()])
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func decryptAESECB(ciphertext, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(ciphertext)%block.BlockSize() != 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid ciphertext size %d", len(ciphertext))
+	}
+	out := make([]byte, len(ciphertext))
+	for i := 0; i < len(ciphertext); i += block.BlockSize() {
+		block.Decrypt(out[i:i+block.BlockSize()], ciphertext[i:i+block.BlockSize()])
+	}
+	return pkcs7Unpad(out, block.BlockSize())
+}
+
+func parseWeixinMediaAESKey(aesKeyBase64 string) ([]byte, error) {
+	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(aesKeyBase64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(decoded) == 16 {
+		return decoded, nil
+	}
+	if len(decoded) == 32 {
+		if raw, err := hex.DecodeString(string(decoded)); err == nil && len(raw) == 16 {
+			return raw, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported aes_key length %d", len(decoded))
+}
+
+func imageAESKey(img *ImageItem) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+	if img == nil {
+		return nil, false, nil
+	}
+	if img.Aeskey != "" {
+		raw, err := hex.DecodeString(img.Aeskey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, err
+		}
+		return raw, true, nil
+	}
+	if img.Media != nil && img.Media.AesKey != "" {
+		raw, err := parseWeixinMediaAESKey(img.Media.AesKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false, err
+		}
+		return raw, true, nil
+	}
+	return nil, false, nil
+}
+
+func genericMediaAESKey(mediaRef *CDNMedia) ([]byte, error) {
+	if mediaRef == nil || mediaRef.AesKey == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing aes_key")
+	}
+	return parseWeixinMediaAESKey(mediaRef.AesKey)
+}
+
+func aesEcbPaddedSize(size int64) int64 {
+	return (size/16 + 1) * 16
+}
+
+func randomHex(n int) (string, error) {
+	buf := make([]byte, n)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(buf); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(buf), nil
+}
+
+func buildCDNDownloadURL(base, encryptedQueryParam string) string {
+	return strings.TrimRight(base, "/") +
+		"/download?encrypted_query_param=" + url.QueryEscape(encryptedQueryParam)
+}
+
+func buildCDNUploadURL(base, uploadParam, filekey string) string {
+	return strings.TrimRight(base, "/") +
+		"/upload?encrypted_query_param=" + url.QueryEscape(uploadParam) +
+		"&filekey=" + url.QueryEscape(filekey)
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) downloadCDNBuffer(ctx context.Context, encryptedQueryParam string) ([]byte, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(
+		ctx,
+		http.MethodGet,
+		buildCDNDownloadURL(c.cdnBaseURL(), encryptedQueryParam),
+		nil,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := c.api.HttpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cdn download HTTP %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+	}
+
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, weixinMediaMaxBytes+1))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(data) > weixinMediaMaxBytes {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cdn media too large: %d bytes", len(data))
+	}
+	return data, nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) downloadAndDecryptCDNBuffer(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	encryptedQueryParam string,
+	key []byte,
+) ([]byte, error) {
+	data, err := c.downloadCDNBuffer(ctx, encryptedQueryParam)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(key) == 0 {
+		return data, nil
+	}
+	return decryptAESECB(data, key)
+}
+
+func detectMediaMetadata(data []byte, fallbackName, fallbackContentType string) (string, string) {
+	contentType := strings.TrimSpace(fallbackContentType)
+	ext := filepath.Ext(fallbackName)
+	if kind, err := filetype.Match(data); err == nil && kind != filetype.Unknown {
+		contentType = kind.MIME.Value
+		if kind.Extension != "" {
+			ext = "." + kind.Extension
+		}
+	}
+	if contentType == "" && ext != "" {
+		contentType = mime.TypeByExtension(strings.ToLower(ext))
+	}
+	if contentType == "" {
+		contentType = http.DetectContentType(data)
+	}
+	if ext == "" && contentType != "" {
+		if exts, err := mime.ExtensionsByType(contentType); err == nil && len(exts) > 0 {
+			ext = exts[0]
+		}
+	}
+
+	filename := sanitizeFilename(fallbackName)
+	if filename == "" {
+		filename = "media"
+	}
+	if filepath.Ext(filename) == "" && ext != "" {
+		filename += ext
+	}
+	return filename, contentType
+}
+
+func sanitizeFilename(name string) string {
+	name = filepath.Base(strings.TrimSpace(name))
+	if name == "." || name == "/" || name == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return name
+}
+
+func writeManagedTempFile(prefix, filename string, data []byte) (string, error) {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(media.TempDir(), 0o700); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	pattern := prefix + "-*"
+	if ext := filepath.Ext(filename); ext != "" {
+		pattern += ext
+	}
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp(media.TempDir(), pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	if _, err := f.Write(data); err != nil {
+		os.Remove(f.Name())
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return f.Name(), nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) storeInboundBytes(
+	chatID,
+	messageID,
+	filename,
+	contentType string,
+	data []byte,
+) (string, error) {
+	store := c.GetMediaStore()
+	if store == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no media store available")
+	}
+	filename, contentType = detectMediaMetadata(data, filename, contentType)
+	tmpPath, err := writeManagedTempFile("weixin-inbound", filename, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	ref, err := store.Store(tmpPath, media.MediaMeta{
+		Filename:      filename,
+		ContentType:   contentType,
+		Source:        "weixin",
+		CleanupPolicy: media.CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
+	}, basechannels.BuildMediaScope("weixin", chatID, messageID))
+	if err != nil {
+		os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return ref, nil
+}
+
+func isDownloadableMediaItem(item *MessageItem) bool {
+	if item == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	switch item.Type {
+	case MessageItemTypeImage:
+		return item.ImageItem != nil && item.ImageItem.Media != nil && item.ImageItem.Media.EncryptQueryParam != ""
+	case MessageItemTypeVideo:
+		return item.VideoItem != nil && item.VideoItem.Media != nil && item.VideoItem.Media.EncryptQueryParam != ""
+	case MessageItemTypeFile:
+		return item.FileItem != nil && item.FileItem.Media != nil && item.FileItem.Media.EncryptQueryParam != ""
+	case MessageItemTypeVoice:
+		return item.VoiceItem != nil &&
+			item.VoiceItem.Media != nil &&
+			item.VoiceItem.Media.EncryptQueryParam != "" &&
+			strings.TrimSpace(item.VoiceItem.Text) == ""
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func selectInboundMediaItem(msg WeixinMessage) *MessageItem {
+	priorities := []int{
+		MessageItemTypeImage,
+		MessageItemTypeVideo,
+		MessageItemTypeFile,
+		MessageItemTypeVoice,
+	}
+
+	for _, want := range priorities {
+		for i := range msg.ItemList {
+			item := &msg.ItemList[i]
+			if item.Type == want && isDownloadableMediaItem(item) {
+				return item
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i := range msg.ItemList {
+		item := &msg.ItemList[i]
+		if item.Type != MessageItemTypeText || item.RefMsg == nil || item.RefMsg.MessageItem == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if isDownloadableMediaItem(item.RefMsg.MessageItem) {
+			return item.RefMsg.MessageItem
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func tryTranscodeSilkToWAV(ctx context.Context, silk []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	decoders := []struct {
+		name string
+		args func(inputPath, outputPath string) []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "silk_v3_decoder",
+			args: func(inputPath, outputPath string) []string { return []string{inputPath, outputPath, "24000"} },
+		},
+		{
+			name: "silk_decoder",
+			args: func(inputPath, outputPath string) []string { return []string{inputPath, outputPath, "24000"} },
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ffmpeg",
+			args: func(inputPath, outputPath string) []string {
+				return []string{"-y", "-i", inputPath, outputPath}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, decoder := range decoders {
+		bin, err := exec.LookPath(decoder.name)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		tmpIn, err := writeManagedTempFile("weixin-voice", "voice.silk", silk)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		tmpOut := filepath.Join(media.TempDir(), "weixin-voice-"+uuid.New().String()+".wav")
+		wav, ok := func() ([]byte, bool) {
+			defer os.Remove(tmpIn)
+			defer os.Remove(tmpOut)
+
+			runCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, weixinVoiceTranscodeTimeout)
+			cmd := exec.CommandContext(runCtx, bin, decoder.args(tmpIn, tmpOut)...)
+			out, runErr := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+			cancel()
+			if runErr != nil {
+				logger.DebugCF("weixin", "SILK transcode command failed", map[string]any{
+					"decoder": decoder.name,
+					"error":   runErr.Error(),
+					"output":  strings.TrimSpace(string(out)),
+				})
+				return nil, false
+			}
+
+			wav, readErr := os.ReadFile(tmpOut)
+			if readErr != nil {
+				logger.DebugCF("weixin", "Failed to read transcoded WAV", map[string]any{
+					"decoder": decoder.name,
+					"error":   readErr.Error(),
+				})
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			return wav, len(wav) > 0
+		}()
+		if ok {
+			return wav, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no SILK decoder available")
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) downloadMediaFromItem(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	chatID,
+	messageID string,
+	item *MessageItem,
+) (string, error) {
+	if item == nil {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	switch item.Type {
+	case MessageItemTypeImage:
+		key, ok, err := imageAESKey(item.ImageItem)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		data, err := c.downloadAndDecryptCDNBuffer(ctx, item.ImageItem.Media.EncryptQueryParam, func() []byte {
+			if ok {
+				return key
+			}
+			return nil
+		}())
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		return c.storeInboundBytes(chatID, messageID, "image", "", data)
+
+	case MessageItemTypeVoice:
+		key, err := genericMediaAESKey(item.VoiceItem.Media)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		silk, err := c.downloadAndDecryptCDNBuffer(ctx, item.VoiceItem.Media.EncryptQueryParam, key)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if wav, err := tryTranscodeSilkToWAV(ctx, silk); err == nil && len(wav) > 0 {
+			return c.storeInboundBytes(chatID, messageID, "voice.wav", "audio/wav", wav)
+		}
+		return c.storeInboundBytes(chatID, messageID, "voice.silk", "audio/silk", silk)
+
+	case MessageItemTypeFile:
+		key, err := genericMediaAESKey(item.FileItem.Media)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		data, err := c.downloadAndDecryptCDNBuffer(ctx, item.FileItem.Media.EncryptQueryParam, key)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		filename := item.FileItem.FileName
+		if filename == "" {
+			filename = "file.bin"
+		}
+		contentType := mime.TypeByExtension(strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(filename)))
+		return c.storeInboundBytes(chatID, messageID, filename, contentType, data)
+
+	case MessageItemTypeVideo:
+		key, err := genericMediaAESKey(item.VideoItem.Media)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		data, err := c.downloadAndDecryptCDNBuffer(ctx, item.VideoItem.Media.EncryptQueryParam, key)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		return c.storeInboundBytes(chatID, messageID, "video.mp4", "video/mp4", data)
+	}
+
+	return "", nil
+}
+
+func outboundMediaKind(partType, filename, contentType string) int {
+	switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(partType)) {
+	case "image":
+		return UploadMediaTypeImage
+	case "video":
+		return UploadMediaTypeVideo
+	}
+
+	ct := strings.ToLower(contentType)
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(ct, "image/"):
+		return UploadMediaTypeImage
+	case strings.HasPrefix(ct, "video/"):
+		return UploadMediaTypeVideo
+	default:
+		return UploadMediaTypeFile
+	}
+}
+
+func detectLocalContentType(localPath, hintContentType string) string {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(hintContentType) != "" {
+		return hintContentType
+	}
+	if kind, err := filetype.MatchFile(localPath); err == nil && kind != filetype.Unknown {
+		return kind.MIME.Value
+	}
+	if ext := filepath.Ext(localPath); ext != "" {
+		if ct := mime.TypeByExtension(strings.ToLower(ext)); ct != "" {
+			return ct
+		}
+	}
+	return "application/octet-stream"
+}
+
+func downloadFilenameFromURL(rawURL, fallback string) string {
+	if fallback = sanitizeFilename(fallback); fallback != "" {
+		return fallback
+	}
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(rawURL)
+	if err == nil {
+		if base := sanitizeFilename(path.Base(parsed.Path)); base != "" {
+			return base
+		}
+	}
+	return "remote-media"
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) downloadRemoteMediaToTemp(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	rawURL,
+	fallbackName string,
+) (string, string, string, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, rawURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", "", err
+	}
+	resp, err := c.api.HttpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", "", err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024))
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("remote media HTTP %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+	}
+
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, weixinMediaMaxBytes+1))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", "", err
+	}
+	if len(data) > weixinMediaMaxBytes {
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("remote media too large: %d bytes", len(data))
+	}
+
+	filename, contentType := detectMediaMetadata(
+		data,
+		downloadFilenameFromURL(rawURL, fallbackName),
+		resp.Header.Get("Content-Type"),
+	)
+	tmpPath, err := writeManagedTempFile("weixin-remote", filename, data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", "", err
+	}
+	return tmpPath, filename, contentType, nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) resolveOutboundPart(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	part bus.MediaPart,
+) (string, string, string, func(), error) {
+	cleanup := func() {}
+	filename := sanitizeFilename(part.Filename)
+	contentType := strings.TrimSpace(part.ContentType)
+
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(part.Ref, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(part.Ref, "https://"):
+		localPath, name, ct, err := c.downloadRemoteMediaToTemp(ctx, part.Ref, filename)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", "", cleanup, err
+		}
+		return localPath, name, ct, func() { os.Remove(localPath) }, nil
+
+	case strings.HasPrefix(part.Ref, "media://"):
+		store := c.GetMediaStore()
+		if store == nil {
+			return "", "", "", cleanup, fmt.Errorf("no media store available")
+		}
+		localPath, meta, err := store.ResolveWithMeta(part.Ref)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", "", cleanup, err
+		}
+		if filename == "" {
+			filename = sanitizeFilename(meta.Filename)
+		}
+		if contentType == "" {
+			contentType = meta.ContentType
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(localPath, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(localPath, "https://") {
+			tmpPath, name, ct, err := c.downloadRemoteMediaToTemp(ctx, localPath, filename)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", "", "", cleanup, err
+			}
+			return tmpPath, name, ct, func() { os.Remove(tmpPath) }, nil
+		}
+		if filename == "" {
+			filename = sanitizeFilename(filepath.Base(localPath))
+		}
+		if contentType == "" {
+			contentType = detectLocalContentType(localPath, "")
+		}
+		return localPath, filename, contentType, cleanup, nil
+
+	case strings.HasPrefix(part.Ref, "file://"):
+		u, err := url.Parse(part.Ref)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", "", cleanup, err
+		}
+		localPath := u.Path
+		if filename == "" {
+			filename = sanitizeFilename(filepath.Base(localPath))
+		}
+		if contentType == "" {
+			contentType = detectLocalContentType(localPath, "")
+		}
+		return localPath, filename, contentType, cleanup, nil
+
+	default:
+		localPath := part.Ref
+		if filename == "" {
+			filename = sanitizeFilename(filepath.Base(localPath))
+		}
+		if contentType == "" {
+			contentType = detectLocalContentType(localPath, "")
+		}
+		return localPath, filename, contentType, cleanup, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) uploadLocalFile(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	localPath,
+	filename,
+	toUserID string,
+	mediaType int,
+) (*uploadedFileInfo, error) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(localPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(data) > weixinMediaMaxBytes {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("media too large: %d bytes", len(data))
+	}
+
+	filekey, err := randomHex(16)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	aesKey := make([]byte, 16)
+	if _, readErr := rand.Read(aesKey); readErr != nil {
+		return nil, readErr
+	}
+	aesKeyHex := hex.EncodeToString(aesKey)
+	rawMD5 := md5.Sum(data)
+
+	resp, err := c.api.GetUploadUrl(ctx, GetUploadUrlReq{
+		Filekey:     filekey,
+		MediaType:   mediaType,
+		ToUserID:    toUserID,
+		Rawsize:     int64(len(data)),
+		RawfileMD5:  hex.EncodeToString(rawMD5[:]),
+		Filesize:    aesEcbPaddedSize(int64(len(data))),
+		NoNeedThumb: true,
+		Aeskey:      aesKeyHex,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getuploadurl returned nil response")
+	}
+	if resp.Ret != 0 || resp.Errcode != 0 {
+		if isSessionExpiredStatus(resp.Ret, resp.Errcode) {
+			c.pauseSession("getuploadurl", resp.Ret, resp.Errcode, resp.Errmsg)
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getuploadurl failed: ret=%d errcode=%d errmsg=%s", resp.Ret, resp.Errcode, resp.Errmsg)
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(resp.UploadParam) == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getuploadurl returned empty upload_param")
+	}
+
+	downloadParam, err := c.uploadBufferToCDN(ctx, data, resp.UploadParam, filekey, aesKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &uploadedFileInfo{
+		downloadParam: downloadParam,
+		aesKeyHex:     aesKeyHex,
+		fileSize:      int64(len(data)),
+		cipherSize:    aesEcbPaddedSize(int64(len(data))),
+		filename:      filename,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) uploadBufferToCDN(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	plaintext []byte,
+	uploadParam,
+	filekey string,
+	aesKey []byte,
+) (string, error) {
+	ciphertext, err := encryptAESECB(plaintext, aesKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	uploadURL := buildCDNUploadURL(c.cdnBaseURL(), uploadParam, filekey)
+	var lastErr error
+
+	for attempt := 1; attempt <= weixinUploadRetryMax; attempt++ {
+		req, reqErr := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, uploadURL, bytes.NewReader(ciphertext))
+		if reqErr != nil {
+			return "", reqErr
+		}
+		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
+
+		resp, doErr := c.api.HttpClient.Do(req)
+		if doErr != nil {
+			lastErr = doErr
+		} else {
+			func() {
+				defer resp.Body.Close()
+				if resp.StatusCode >= 400 && resp.StatusCode < 500 {
+					body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024))
+					lastErr = fmt.Errorf(
+						"cdn upload client error %d: %s",
+						resp.StatusCode,
+						strings.TrimSpace(string(body)),
+					)
+					return
+				}
+				if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+					body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1024))
+					lastErr = fmt.Errorf(
+						"cdn upload server error %d: %s",
+						resp.StatusCode,
+						strings.TrimSpace(string(body)),
+					)
+					return
+				}
+				if encrypted := strings.TrimSpace(resp.Header.Get("X-Encrypted-Param")); encrypted != "" {
+					lastErr = nil
+					uploadParam = encrypted
+					return
+				}
+				lastErr = fmt.Errorf("cdn upload missing x-encrypted-param header")
+			}()
+		}
+
+		if lastErr == nil {
+			return uploadParam, nil
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(lastErr.Error(), "client error") || attempt == weixinUploadRetryMax {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", lastErr
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) sendMessageItem(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	toUserID,
+	contextToken string,
+	item MessageItem,
+) error {
+	resp, err := c.api.SendMessage(ctx, SendMessageReq{
+		Msg: WeixinMessage{
+			ToUserID:     toUserID,
+			ClientID:     "picoclaw-" + uuid.New().String(),
+			MessageType:  MessageTypeBot,
+			MessageState: MessageStateFinish,
+			ItemList:     []MessageItem{item},
+			ContextToken: contextToken,
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sendmessage returned nil response")
+	}
+	if resp.Ret != 0 || resp.Errcode != 0 {
+		if isSessionExpiredStatus(resp.Ret, resp.Errcode) {
+			c.pauseSession("sendmessage", resp.Ret, resp.Errcode, resp.Errmsg)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("sendmessage failed: ret=%d errcode=%d errmsg=%s", resp.Ret, resp.Errcode, resp.Errmsg)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) sendTextMessage(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	toUserID,
+	contextToken,
+	text string,
+) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(text) == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return c.sendMessageItem(ctx, toUserID, contextToken, MessageItem{
+		Type: MessageItemTypeText,
+		TextItem: &TextItem{
+			Text: text,
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+func encodeWeixinOutboundAESKey(aesKeyHex string) string {
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(aesKeyHex))
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) sendUploadedMedia(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	toUserID,
+	contextToken,
+	caption string,
+	mediaType int,
+	uploaded *uploadedFileInfo,
+) error {
+	if err := c.sendTextMessage(ctx, toUserID, contextToken, caption); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	mediaRef := &CDNMedia{
+		EncryptQueryParam: uploaded.downloadParam,
+		AesKey:            encodeWeixinOutboundAESKey(uploaded.aesKeyHex),
+		EncryptType:       1,
+	}
+
+	switch mediaType {
+	case UploadMediaTypeImage:
+		return c.sendMessageItem(ctx, toUserID, contextToken, MessageItem{
+			Type: MessageItemTypeImage,
+			ImageItem: &ImageItem{
+				Media:   mediaRef,
+				MidSize: uploaded.cipherSize,
+			},
+		})
+
+	case UploadMediaTypeVideo:
+		return c.sendMessageItem(ctx, toUserID, contextToken, MessageItem{
+			Type: MessageItemTypeVideo,
+			VideoItem: &VideoItem{
+				Media:     mediaRef,
+				VideoSize: uploaded.cipherSize,
+			},
+		})
+
+	default:
+		return c.sendMessageItem(ctx, toUserID, contextToken, MessageItem{
+			Type: MessageItemTypeFile,
+			FileItem: &FileItem{
+				Media:    mediaRef,
+				FileName: uploaded.filename,
+				Len:      fmt.Sprintf("%d", uploaded.fileSize),
+			},
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) sendTypingStatus(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	chatID,
+	typingTicket string,
+	status int,
+) error {
+	resp, err := c.api.SendTyping(ctx, SendTypingReq{
+		IlinkUserID:  chatID,
+		TypingTicket: typingTicket,
+		Status:       status,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sendtyping returned nil response")
+	}
+	if resp.Ret != 0 || resp.Errcode != 0 {
+		if isSessionExpiredStatus(resp.Ret, resp.Errcode) {
+			c.pauseSession("sendtyping", resp.Ret, resp.Errcode, resp.Errmsg)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("sendtyping failed: ret=%d errcode=%d errmsg=%s", resp.Ret, resp.Errcode, resp.Errmsg)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// StartTyping implements channels.TypingCapable.
+func (c *WeixinChannel) StartTyping(ctx context.Context, chatID string) (func(), error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(chatID) == "" {
+		return func() {}, nil
+	}
+	if c.remainingPause() > 0 {
+		return func() {}, nil
+	}
+
+	ticket, err := c.getTypingTicket(ctx, chatID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if ticket == "" {
+			return func() {}, err
+		}
+		logger.DebugCF("weixin", "GetConfig refresh failed; using cached typing ticket", map[string]any{
+			"chat_id": chatID,
+			"error":   err.Error(),
+		})
+	}
+	if ticket == "" {
+		return func() {}, nil
+	}
+
+	typingCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	var once sync.Once
+	stop := func() {
+		once.Do(func() {
+			cancel()
+			stopCtx, stopCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+			defer stopCancel()
+			if err := c.sendTypingStatus(stopCtx, chatID, ticket, TypingStatusCancel); err != nil {
+				logger.DebugCF("weixin", "Failed to cancel typing indicator", map[string]any{
+					"chat_id": chatID,
+					"error":   err.Error(),
+				})
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	if err := c.sendTypingStatus(typingCtx, chatID, ticket, TypingStatusTyping); err != nil {
+		stop()
+		return func() {}, err
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(weixinTypingKeepAlive)
+	go func() {
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-typingCtx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				if err := c.sendTypingStatus(typingCtx, chatID, ticket, TypingStatusTyping); err != nil {
+					logger.DebugCF("weixin", "Failed to refresh typing indicator", map[string]any{
+						"chat_id": chatID,
+						"error":   err.Error(),
+					})
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return stop, nil
+}
+
+// SendMedia implements channels.MediaSender.
+func (c *WeixinChannel) SendMedia(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMediaMessage) error {
+	if !c.IsRunning() {
+		return basechannels.ErrNotRunning
+	}
+	if err := c.ensureSessionActive(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	contextToken := ""
+	if v, ok := c.contextTokens.Load(msg.ChatID); ok {
+		contextToken, _ = v.(string)
+	}
+	if contextToken == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf(
+			"weixin send media: missing context token for chat %s: %w",
+			msg.ChatID,
+			basechannels.ErrSendFailed,
+		)
+	}
+
+	for _, part := range msg.Parts {
+		localPath, filename, contentType, cleanup, err := c.resolveOutboundPart(ctx, part)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.ErrorCF("weixin", "Failed to resolve outbound media", map[string]any{
+				"chat_id": msg.ChatID,
+				"ref":     part.Ref,
+				"error":   err.Error(),
+			})
+			return fmt.Errorf("weixin send media: %w", basechannels.ErrSendFailed)
+		}
+		func() {
+			if cleanup != nil {
+				defer cleanup()
+			}
+
+			kind := outboundMediaKind(part.Type, filename, contentType)
+			uploaded, uploadErr := c.uploadLocalFile(ctx, localPath, filename, msg.ChatID, kind)
+			if uploadErr != nil {
+				err = uploadErr
+				return
+			}
+			err = c.sendUploadedMedia(ctx, msg.ChatID, contextToken, part.Caption, kind, uploaded)
+		}()
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.ErrorCF("weixin", "Failed to send outbound media", map[string]any{
+				"chat_id": msg.ChatID,
+				"ref":     part.Ref,
+				"error":   err.Error(),
+			})
+			if c.remainingPause() > 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("weixin send media: %w", basechannels.ErrSendFailed)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("weixin send media: %w", basechannels.ErrTemporary)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/weixin/state.go b/pkg/channels/weixin/state.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9672e614d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/weixin/state.go
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+package weixin
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	basechannels "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/fileutil"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+const (
+	weixinDefaultCDNBaseURL    = "https://novac2c.cdn.weixin.qq.com/c2c"
+	weixinConfigCacheTTL       = 24 * time.Hour
+	weixinConfigRetryInitial   = 2 * time.Second
+	weixinConfigRetryMax       = time.Hour
+	weixinSessionPauseDuration = time.Hour
+	weixinSessionExpiredCode   = -14
+)
+
+type typingTicketCacheEntry struct {
+	ticket      string
+	nextFetchAt time.Time
+	retryDelay  time.Duration
+}
+
+type syncCursorFile struct {
+	GetUpdatesBuf string `json:"get_updates_buf"`
+}
+
+func picoclawHomeDir() string {
+	if home := os.Getenv(config.EnvHome); home != "" {
+		return home
+	}
+	userHome, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+	return filepath.Join(userHome, ".picoclaw")
+}
+
+func buildWeixinSyncBufPath(cfg config.WeixinConfig) string {
+	key := "default"
+	token := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Token())
+	if token != "" {
+		sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(strings.TrimSpace(cfg.BaseURL) + "|" + token))
+		key = hex.EncodeToString(sum[:8])
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(picoclawHomeDir(), "channels", "weixin", "sync", key+".json")
+}
+
+func loadGetUpdatesBuf(path string) (string, error) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return "", nil
+		}
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	var decoded syncCursorFile
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &decoded); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return decoded.GetUpdatesBuf, nil
+}
+
+func saveGetUpdatesBuf(path, cursor string) error {
+	data, err := json.Marshal(syncCursorFile{GetUpdatesBuf: cursor})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return fileutil.WriteFileAtomic(path, data, 0o600)
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) cdnBaseURL() string {
+	if base := strings.TrimSpace(c.config.CDNBaseURL); base != "" {
+		return strings.TrimRight(base, "/")
+	}
+	return weixinDefaultCDNBaseURL
+}
+
+func isSessionExpiredStatus(ret, errcode int) bool {
+	return ret == weixinSessionExpiredCode || errcode == weixinSessionExpiredCode
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) pauseSession(operation string, ret, errcode int, errmsg string) time.Duration {
+	c.pauseMu.Lock()
+	defer c.pauseMu.Unlock()
+
+	until := time.Now().Add(weixinSessionPauseDuration)
+	if until.After(c.pauseUntil) {
+		c.pauseUntil = until
+	}
+
+	remaining := time.Until(c.pauseUntil)
+	logger.ErrorCF("weixin", "Session expired; pausing Weixin channel", map[string]any{
+		"operation": operation,
+		"ret":       ret,
+		"errcode":   errcode,
+		"errmsg":    errmsg,
+		"until":     c.pauseUntil.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		"minutes":   int((remaining + time.Minute - 1) / time.Minute),
+	})
+	return remaining
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) remainingPause() time.Duration {
+	c.pauseMu.Lock()
+	defer c.pauseMu.Unlock()
+
+	if c.pauseUntil.IsZero() {
+		return 0
+	}
+	remaining := time.Until(c.pauseUntil)
+	if remaining <= 0 {
+		c.pauseUntil = time.Time{}
+		return 0
+	}
+	return remaining
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) waitWhileSessionPaused(ctx context.Context) error {
+	remaining := c.remainingPause()
+	if remaining <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	timer := time.NewTimer(remaining)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-timer.C:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) ensureSessionActive() error {
+	remaining := c.remainingPause()
+	if remaining <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf(
+		"weixin session paused (%d min remaining): %w",
+		int((remaining+time.Minute-1)/time.Minute),
+		basechannels.ErrSendFailed,
+	)
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) getTypingTicket(ctx context.Context, userID string) (string, error) {
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	c.typingMu.Lock()
+	entry, ok := c.typingCache[userID]
+	if ok && now.Before(entry.nextFetchAt) {
+		ticket := entry.ticket
+		c.typingMu.Unlock()
+		return ticket, nil
+	}
+	cachedTicket := entry.ticket
+	retryDelay := entry.retryDelay
+	c.typingMu.Unlock()
+
+	contextToken := ""
+	if v, ok := c.contextTokens.Load(userID); ok {
+		contextToken, _ = v.(string)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.api.GetConfig(ctx, GetConfigReq{
+		IlinkUserID:  userID,
+		ContextToken: contextToken,
+	})
+	if err == nil && resp != nil && resp.Ret == 0 && resp.Errcode == 0 {
+		ticket := strings.TrimSpace(resp.TypingTicket)
+		c.typingMu.Lock()
+		c.typingCache[userID] = typingTicketCacheEntry{
+			ticket:      ticket,
+			nextFetchAt: now.Add(weixinConfigCacheTTL),
+			retryDelay:  weixinConfigRetryInitial,
+		}
+		c.typingMu.Unlock()
+		return ticket, nil
+	}
+
+	if resp != nil && isSessionExpiredStatus(resp.Ret, resp.Errcode) {
+		c.pauseSession("getconfig", resp.Ret, resp.Errcode, resp.Errmsg)
+	}
+
+	if retryDelay <= 0 {
+		retryDelay = weixinConfigRetryInitial
+	} else {
+		retryDelay *= 2
+		if retryDelay > weixinConfigRetryMax {
+			retryDelay = weixinConfigRetryMax
+		}
+	}
+
+	c.typingMu.Lock()
+	c.typingCache[userID] = typingTicketCacheEntry{
+		ticket:      cachedTicket,
+		nextFetchAt: now.Add(retryDelay),
+		retryDelay:  retryDelay,
+	}
+	c.typingMu.Unlock()
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return cachedTicket, err
+	}
+	if resp == nil {
+		return cachedTicket, fmt.Errorf("getconfig returned nil response")
+	}
+	return cachedTicket, fmt.Errorf(
+		"getconfig failed: ret=%d errcode=%d errmsg=%s",
+		resp.Ret,
+		resp.Errcode,
+		resp.Errmsg,
+	)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/weixin/types.go b/pkg/channels/weixin/types.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74c6e63c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/weixin/types.go
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+package weixin
+
+// BaseInfo is attached to every outgoing CGI request
+type BaseInfo struct {
+	ChannelVersion string `json:"channel_version,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type APIStatus struct {
+	Ret     int    `json:"ret,omitempty"`
+	Errcode int    `json:"errcode,omitempty"`
+	Errmsg  string `json:"errmsg,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// UploadMediaType constants
+const (
+	UploadMediaTypeImage = 1
+	UploadMediaTypeVideo = 2
+	UploadMediaTypeFile  = 3
+	UploadMediaTypeVoice = 4
+)
+
+type GetUploadUrlReq struct {
+	Filekey         string   `json:"filekey,omitempty"`
+	MediaType       int      `json:"media_type,omitempty"`
+	ToUserID        string   `json:"to_user_id,omitempty"`
+	Rawsize         int64    `json:"rawsize,omitempty"`
+	RawfileMD5      string   `json:"rawfilemd5,omitempty"`
+	Filesize        int64    `json:"filesize,omitempty"`
+	ThumbRawsize    int64    `json:"thumb_rawsize,omitempty"`
+	ThumbRawfileMD5 string   `json:"thumb_rawfilemd5,omitempty"`
+	ThumbFilesize   int64    `json:"thumb_filesize,omitempty"`
+	NoNeedThumb     bool     `json:"no_need_thumb,omitempty"`
+	Aeskey          string   `json:"aeskey,omitempty"` // hex-encoded 16-byte AES key
+	BaseInfo        BaseInfo `json:"base_info,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type GetUploadUrlResp struct {
+	APIStatus
+	UploadParam      string `json:"upload_param,omitempty"`
+	ThumbUploadParam string `json:"thumb_upload_param,omitempty"`
+}
+
+const (
+	MessageTypeNone = 0
+	MessageTypeUser = 1
+	MessageTypeBot  = 2
+)
+
+const (
+	MessageItemTypeNone  = 0
+	MessageItemTypeText  = 1
+	MessageItemTypeImage = 2
+	MessageItemTypeVoice = 3
+	MessageItemTypeFile  = 4
+	MessageItemTypeVideo = 5
+)
+
+const (
+	MessageStateNew        = 0
+	MessageStateGenerating = 1
+	MessageStateFinish     = 2
+)
+
+type TextItem struct {
+	Text string `json:"text,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type CDNMedia struct {
+	EncryptQueryParam string `json:"encrypt_query_param,omitempty"`
+	AesKey            string `json:"aes_key,omitempty"` // base64 encoded
+	EncryptType       int    `json:"encrypt_type,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type ImageItem struct {
+	Media       *CDNMedia `json:"media,omitempty"`
+	ThumbMedia  *CDNMedia `json:"thumb_media,omitempty"`
+	Aeskey      string    `json:"aeskey,omitempty"`
+	Url         string    `json:"url,omitempty"`
+	MidSize     int64     `json:"mid_size,omitempty"`
+	ThumbSize   int64     `json:"thumb_size,omitempty"`
+	ThumbHeight int       `json:"thumb_height,omitempty"`
+	ThumbWidth  int       `json:"thumb_width,omitempty"`
+	HDSize      int64     `json:"hd_size,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type VoiceItem struct {
+	Media         *CDNMedia `json:"media,omitempty"`
+	EncodeType    int       `json:"encode_type,omitempty"`
+	BitsPerSample int       `json:"bits_per_sample,omitempty"`
+	SampleRate    int       `json:"sample_rate,omitempty"`
+	Playtime      int       `json:"playtime,omitempty"`
+	Text          string    `json:"text,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type FileItem struct {
+	Media    *CDNMedia `json:"media,omitempty"`
+	FileName string    `json:"file_name,omitempty"`
+	MD5      string    `json:"md5,omitempty"`
+	Len      string    `json:"len,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type VideoItem struct {
+	Media       *CDNMedia `json:"media,omitempty"`
+	VideoSize   int64     `json:"video_size,omitempty"`
+	PlayLength  int       `json:"play_length,omitempty"`
+	VideoMD5    string    `json:"video_md5,omitempty"`
+	ThumbMedia  *CDNMedia `json:"thumb_media,omitempty"`
+	ThumbSize   int64     `json:"thumb_size,omitempty"`
+	ThumbHeight int       `json:"thumb_height,omitempty"`
+	ThumbWidth  int       `json:"thumb_width,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type RefMessage struct {
+	MessageItem *MessageItem `json:"message_item,omitempty"`
+	Title       string       `json:"title,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type MessageItem struct {
+	Type         int         `json:"type,omitempty"`
+	CreateTimeMs int64       `json:"create_time_ms,omitempty"`
+	UpdateTimeMs int64       `json:"update_time_ms,omitempty"`
+	IsCompleted  bool        `json:"is_completed,omitempty"`
+	MsgID        string      `json:"msg_id,omitempty"`
+	RefMsg       *RefMessage `json:"ref_msg,omitempty"`
+	TextItem     *TextItem   `json:"text_item,omitempty"`
+	ImageItem    *ImageItem  `json:"image_item,omitempty"`
+	VoiceItem    *VoiceItem  `json:"voice_item,omitempty"`
+	FileItem     *FileItem   `json:"file_item,omitempty"`
+	VideoItem    *VideoItem  `json:"video_item,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type WeixinMessage struct {
+	Seq          int           `json:"seq,omitempty"`
+	MessageID    int64         `json:"message_id,omitempty"`
+	FromUserID   string        `json:"from_user_id,omitempty"`
+	ToUserID     string        `json:"to_user_id,omitempty"`
+	ClientID     string        `json:"client_id,omitempty"`
+	CreateTimeMs int64         `json:"create_time_ms,omitempty"`
+	UpdateTimeMs int64         `json:"update_time_ms,omitempty"`
+	DeleteTimeMs int64         `json:"delete_time_ms,omitempty"`
+	SessionID    string        `json:"session_id,omitempty"`
+	GroupID      string        `json:"group_id,omitempty"`
+	MessageType  int           `json:"message_type,omitempty"`
+	MessageState int           `json:"message_state,omitempty"`
+	ItemList     []MessageItem `json:"item_list,omitempty"`
+	ContextToken string        `json:"context_token,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type GetUpdatesReq struct {
+	SyncBuf       string   `json:"sync_buf,omitempty"`
+	GetUpdatesBuf string   `json:"get_updates_buf,omitempty"`
+	BaseInfo      BaseInfo `json:"base_info,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type GetUpdatesResp struct {
+	APIStatus
+	Msgs                 []WeixinMessage `json:"msgs,omitempty"`
+	SyncBuf              string          `json:"sync_buf,omitempty"`
+	GetUpdatesBuf        string          `json:"get_updates_buf,omitempty"`
+	LongpollingTimeoutMs int             `json:"longpolling_timeout_ms,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type SendMessageReq struct {
+	Msg      WeixinMessage `json:"msg,omitempty"`
+	BaseInfo BaseInfo      `json:"base_info,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type SendMessageResp struct {
+	APIStatus
+}
+
+type GetConfigReq struct {
+	IlinkUserID  string   `json:"ilink_user_id,omitempty"`
+	ContextToken string   `json:"context_token,omitempty"`
+	BaseInfo     BaseInfo `json:"base_info,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type GetConfigResp struct {
+	APIStatus
+	TypingTicket string `json:"typing_ticket,omitempty"`
+}
+
+const (
+	TypingStatusTyping = 1
+	TypingStatusCancel = 2
+)
+
+type SendTypingReq struct {
+	IlinkUserID  string   `json:"ilink_user_id,omitempty"`
+	TypingTicket string   `json:"typing_ticket,omitempty"`
+	Status       int      `json:"status,omitempty"` // 1=typing, 2=cancel
+	BaseInfo     BaseInfo `json:"base_info,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type SendTypingResp struct {
+	APIStatus
+}
+
+type QRCodeResponse struct {
+	Qrcode           string `json:"qrcode"`
+	QrcodeImgContent string `json:"qrcode_img_content"`
+}
+
+type StatusResponse struct {
+	Status      string `json:"status"` // "wait", "scaned", "confirmed", "expired"
+	BotToken    string `json:"bot_token,omitempty"`
+	IlinkBotID  string `json:"ilink_bot_id,omitempty"`
+	Baseurl     string `json:"baseurl,omitempty"`
+	IlinkUserID string `json:"ilink_user_id,omitempty"`
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/weixin/weixin.go b/pkg/channels/weixin/weixin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9e821ef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/weixin/weixin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+package weixin
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/bus"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/identity"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+// WeixinChannel is the Weixin channel implementation over Tencent iLink REST API.
+type WeixinChannel struct {
+	*channels.BaseChannel
+	api    *ApiClient
+	config config.WeixinConfig
+	ctx    context.Context
+	cancel context.CancelFunc
+	bus    *bus.MessageBus
+	// contextTokens stores the last context_token per user (from_user_id → context_token).
+	// This is required by the iLink API to associate replies with the right chat session.
+	contextTokens sync.Map
+	typingMu      sync.Mutex
+	typingCache   map[string]typingTicketCacheEntry
+	pauseMu       sync.Mutex
+	pauseUntil    time.Time
+	syncBufPath   string
+}
+
+func init() {
+	channels.RegisterFactory("weixin", func(cfg *config.Config, bus *bus.MessageBus) (channels.Channel, error) {
+		return NewWeixinChannel(cfg.Channels.Weixin, bus)
+	})
+}
+
+// NewWeixinChannel creates a new WeixinChannel from config.
+func NewWeixinChannel(cfg config.WeixinConfig, messageBus *bus.MessageBus) (*WeixinChannel, error) {
+	api, err := NewApiClient(cfg.BaseURL, cfg.Token(), cfg.Proxy)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("weixin: failed to create API client: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	base := channels.NewBaseChannel(
+		"weixin",
+		cfg,
+		messageBus,
+		cfg.AllowFrom,
+		channels.WithMaxMessageLength(4000),
+		channels.WithReasoningChannelID(cfg.ReasoningChannelID),
+	)
+
+	return &WeixinChannel{
+		BaseChannel: base,
+		api:         api,
+		config:      cfg,
+		bus:         messageBus,
+		typingCache: make(map[string]typingTicketCacheEntry),
+		syncBufPath: buildWeixinSyncBufPath(cfg),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
+	logger.InfoC("weixin", "Starting Weixin channel")
+	c.ctx, c.cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	c.SetRunning(true)
+	go c.pollLoop(c.ctx)
+	logger.InfoC("weixin", "Weixin channel started")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinChannel) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
+	logger.InfoC("weixin", "Stopping Weixin channel")
+	c.SetRunning(false)
+	if c.cancel != nil {
+		c.cancel()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// pollLoop is the long-poll receive loop. It runs until ctx is canceled.
+func (c *WeixinChannel) pollLoop(ctx context.Context) {
+	const (
+		defaultPollTimeoutMs = 35_000
+		retryDelay           = 2 * time.Second
+		backoffDelay         = 30 * time.Second
+		maxConsecutiveFails  = 3
+	)
+
+	consecutiveFails := 0
+	getUpdatesBuf, err := loadGetUpdatesBuf(c.syncBufPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("weixin", "Failed to load persisted get_updates_buf", map[string]any{
+			"path":  c.syncBufPath,
+			"error": err.Error(),
+		})
+		getUpdatesBuf = ""
+	} else if getUpdatesBuf != "" {
+		logger.InfoCF("weixin", "Resuming persisted get_updates_buf", map[string]any{
+			"path":   c.syncBufPath,
+			"bytes":  len(getUpdatesBuf),
+			"source": "disk",
+		})
+	}
+	nextTimeoutMs := defaultPollTimeoutMs
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			logger.InfoC("weixin", "Weixin poll loop stopped")
+			return
+		default:
+		}
+
+		if err := c.waitWhileSessionPaused(ctx); err != nil {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Build a context with timeout slightly longer than the long-poll
+		pollCtx, pollCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Duration(nextTimeoutMs+5000)*time.Millisecond)
+
+		resp, err := c.api.GetUpdates(pollCtx, GetUpdatesReq{
+			GetUpdatesBuf: getUpdatesBuf,
+		})
+		pollCancel()
+
+		if err != nil {
+			// Check if we're shutting down
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return
+			}
+
+			consecutiveFails++
+			logger.WarnCF("weixin", "getUpdates failed", map[string]any{
+				"error":   err.Error(),
+				"attempt": consecutiveFails,
+			})
+
+			if consecutiveFails >= maxConsecutiveFails {
+				logger.ErrorCF("weixin", "Too many consecutive failures, backing off", map[string]any{
+					"duration": backoffDelay,
+				})
+				consecutiveFails = 0
+				select {
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return
+				case <-time.After(backoffDelay):
+				}
+			} else {
+				select {
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return
+				case <-time.After(retryDelay):
+				}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if isSessionExpiredStatus(resp.Ret, resp.Errcode) {
+			remaining := c.pauseSession("getupdates", resp.Ret, resp.Errcode, resp.Errmsg)
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-time.After(remaining):
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if resp.Errcode != 0 || resp.Ret != 0 {
+			consecutiveFails++
+			logger.ErrorCF("weixin", "getUpdates API error", map[string]any{
+				"ret":     resp.Ret,
+				"errcode": resp.Errcode,
+				"errmsg":  resp.Errmsg,
+			})
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-time.After(retryDelay):
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		consecutiveFails = 0
+
+		// Update the long-poll timeout from server hint
+		if resp.LongpollingTimeoutMs > 0 {
+			nextTimeoutMs = resp.LongpollingTimeoutMs
+		}
+
+		// Advance cursor
+		if resp.GetUpdatesBuf != "" {
+			getUpdatesBuf = resp.GetUpdatesBuf
+			if err := saveGetUpdatesBuf(c.syncBufPath, getUpdatesBuf); err != nil {
+				logger.WarnCF("weixin", "Failed to persist get_updates_buf", map[string]any{
+					"path":  c.syncBufPath,
+					"error": err.Error(),
+				})
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Dispatch messages
+		for _, msg := range resp.Msgs {
+			c.handleInboundMessage(ctx, msg)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// handleInboundMessage converts a WeixinMessage to a bus.InboundMessage.
+func (c *WeixinChannel) handleInboundMessage(ctx context.Context, msg WeixinMessage) {
+	fromUserID := msg.FromUserID
+	if fromUserID == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	messageID := msg.ClientID
+	if messageID == "" {
+		messageID = uuid.New().String()
+	}
+
+	// Build text content from item_list
+	var parts []string
+	for _, item := range msg.ItemList {
+		switch item.Type {
+		case MessageItemTypeText:
+			if item.TextItem != nil && item.TextItem.Text != "" {
+				parts = append(parts, item.TextItem.Text)
+			}
+		case MessageItemTypeVoice:
+			if item.VoiceItem != nil && item.VoiceItem.Text != "" {
+				// Use voice → text transcription from server
+				parts = append(parts, item.VoiceItem.Text)
+			} else {
+				parts = append(parts, "[audio]")
+			}
+		case MessageItemTypeImage:
+			parts = append(parts, "[image]")
+		case MessageItemTypeFile:
+			if item.FileItem != nil && item.FileItem.FileName != "" {
+				parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("[file: %s]", item.FileItem.FileName))
+			} else {
+				parts = append(parts, "[file]")
+			}
+		case MessageItemTypeVideo:
+			parts = append(parts, "[video]")
+		}
+	}
+
+	var mediaRefs []string
+	if mediaItem := selectInboundMediaItem(msg); mediaItem != nil {
+		ref, err := c.downloadMediaFromItem(ctx, fromUserID, messageID, mediaItem)
+		if err != nil {
+			logger.ErrorCF("weixin", "Failed to download inbound media", map[string]any{
+				"from_user_id": fromUserID,
+				"message_id":   messageID,
+				"type":         mediaItem.Type,
+				"error":        err.Error(),
+			})
+		} else if ref != "" {
+			mediaRefs = append(mediaRefs, ref)
+		}
+	}
+
+	content := strings.Join(parts, "\n")
+	if content == "" && len(mediaRefs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	sender := bus.SenderInfo{
+		Platform:    "weixin",
+		PlatformID:  fromUserID,
+		CanonicalID: identity.BuildCanonicalID("weixin", fromUserID),
+		Username:    fromUserID,
+		DisplayName: fromUserID,
+	}
+
+	if !c.IsAllowedSender(sender) {
+		logger.DebugCF("weixin", "Message rejected by allowlist", map[string]any{
+			"from_user_id": fromUserID,
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	peer := bus.Peer{Kind: "direct", ID: fromUserID}
+
+	metadata := map[string]string{
+		"from_user_id":  fromUserID,
+		"context_token": msg.ContextToken,
+		"session_id":    msg.SessionID,
+	}
+
+	logger.DebugCF("weixin", "Received message", map[string]any{
+		"from_user_id": fromUserID,
+		"content_len":  len(content),
+		"media_count":  len(mediaRefs),
+	})
+
+	// Store context_token for outbound reply association
+	if msg.ContextToken != "" {
+		c.contextTokens.Store(fromUserID, msg.ContextToken)
+	}
+
+	c.HandleMessage(ctx, peer, messageID, fromUserID, fromUserID, content, mediaRefs, metadata, sender)
+}
+
+// Send implements channels.Channel by sending a text message to the WeChat user.
+func (c *WeixinChannel) Send(ctx context.Context, msg bus.OutboundMessage) error {
+	if !c.IsRunning() {
+		return channels.ErrNotRunning
+	}
+	if err := c.ensureSessionActive(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if msg.Content == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// We need a context_token to send a reply. It should be stored in the conversation metadata.
+	// The chat_id is the weixin user_id (from_user_id).
+	toUserID := msg.ChatID
+
+	// Retrieve context_token from our per-user map (stored on last inbound)
+	contextToken := ""
+	if ct, ok := c.contextTokens.Load(toUserID); ok {
+		contextToken, _ = ct.(string)
+	}
+
+	// If we don't have a context token for this user, we cannot send a valid reply.
+	// Treat this as a non-temporary error so the manager doesn't keep retrying.
+	if contextToken == "" {
+		logger.ErrorCF("weixin", "Missing context token, cannot send message", map[string]any{
+			"to_user_id": toUserID,
+		})
+		return fmt.Errorf("weixin send: %w: missing context token for chat %s", channels.ErrSendFailed, toUserID)
+	}
+
+	if err := c.sendTextMessage(ctx, toUserID, contextToken, msg.Content); err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("weixin", "Failed to send message", map[string]any{
+			"to_user_id": toUserID,
+			"error":      err.Error(),
+		})
+		if c.remainingPause() > 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("weixin send: %w", channels.ErrSendFailed)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("weixin send: %w", channels.ErrTemporary)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/channels/weixin/weixin_test.go b/pkg/channels/weixin/weixin_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62984c965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/channels/weixin/weixin_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+package weixin
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	basechannels "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+type roundTripFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (f roundTripFunc) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return f(req)
+}
+
+func TestParseWeixinMediaAESKey(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := []byte("1234567890abcdef")
+
+	got, err := parseWeixinMediaAESKey(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(raw))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parseWeixinMediaAESKey(raw) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(got, raw) {
+		t.Fatalf("parseWeixinMediaAESKey(raw) = %x, want %x", got, raw)
+	}
+
+	hexEncoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("31323334353637383930616263646566"))
+	got, err = parseWeixinMediaAESKey(hexEncoded)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parseWeixinMediaAESKey(hex-string) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(got, raw) {
+		t.Fatalf("parseWeixinMediaAESKey(hex-string) = %x, want %x", got, raw)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDownloadAndDecryptCDNBuffer(t *testing.T) {
+	key := []byte("1234567890abcdef")
+	plaintext := []byte("hello weixin")
+	ciphertext, err := encryptAESECB(plaintext, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("encryptAESECB() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ch := &WeixinChannel{
+		api: &ApiClient{
+			HttpClient: &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+				if r.URL.Path != "/download" {
+					t.Fatalf("download path = %q, want /download", r.URL.Path)
+				}
+				if r.URL.Query().Get("encrypted_query_param") != "token" {
+					t.Fatalf("encrypted_query_param = %q, want token", r.URL.Query().Get("encrypted_query_param"))
+				}
+				return &http.Response{
+					StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+					Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(ciphertext)),
+					Header:     make(http.Header),
+				}, nil
+			})},
+		},
+		config: config.WeixinConfig{
+			CDNBaseURL: "https://cdn.example.com",
+		},
+		typingCache: make(map[string]typingTicketCacheEntry),
+	}
+
+	got, err := ch.downloadAndDecryptCDNBuffer(context.Background(), "token", key)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("downloadAndDecryptCDNBuffer() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if !bytes.Equal(got, plaintext) {
+		t.Fatalf("downloadAndDecryptCDNBuffer() = %q, want %q", got, plaintext)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUploadBufferToCDN(t *testing.T) {
+	key := []byte("1234567890abcdef")
+	plaintext := []byte("upload me")
+	wantCipher, err := encryptAESECB(plaintext, key)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("encryptAESECB() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ch := &WeixinChannel{
+		api: &ApiClient{
+			HttpClient: &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+				if r.URL.Path != "/upload" {
+					t.Fatalf("upload path = %q, want /upload", r.URL.Path)
+				}
+				if got := r.URL.Query().Get("encrypted_query_param"); got != "upload-param" {
+					t.Fatalf("encrypted_query_param = %q, want upload-param", got)
+				}
+				if got := r.URL.Query().Get("filekey"); got != "file-key" {
+					t.Fatalf("filekey = %q, want file-key", got)
+				}
+				body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+				if !bytes.Equal(body, wantCipher) {
+					t.Fatalf("upload body = %x, want %x", body, wantCipher)
+				}
+				return &http.Response{
+					StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+					Body:       io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(nil)),
+					Header: http.Header{
+						"X-Encrypted-Param": []string{"download-param"},
+					},
+				}, nil
+			})},
+		},
+		config: config.WeixinConfig{
+			CDNBaseURL: "https://cdn.example.com",
+		},
+		typingCache: make(map[string]typingTicketCacheEntry),
+	}
+
+	got, err := ch.uploadBufferToCDN(context.Background(), plaintext, "upload-param", "file-key", key)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("uploadBufferToCDN() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if got != "download-param" {
+		t.Fatalf("uploadBufferToCDN() = %q, want download-param", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadSaveGetUpdatesBuf(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "sync.json")
+
+	if err := saveGetUpdatesBuf(path, "cursor-123"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("saveGetUpdatesBuf() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := loadGetUpdatesBuf(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("loadGetUpdatesBuf() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if got != "cursor-123" {
+		t.Fatalf("loadGetUpdatesBuf() = %q, want cursor-123", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildWeixinSyncBufPathUsesPicoclawHome(t *testing.T) {
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv(config.EnvHome, home)
+
+	wxCfg := config.WeixinConfig{
+		BaseURL: "https://ilinkai.weixin.qq.com/",
+	}
+	wxCfg.SetToken("token-123")
+	got := buildWeixinSyncBufPath(wxCfg)
+	if filepath.Dir(got) != filepath.Join(home, "channels", "weixin", "sync") {
+		t.Fatalf("sync path dir = %q", filepath.Dir(got))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSessionPauseGuard(t *testing.T) {
+	ch := &WeixinChannel{
+		typingCache: make(map[string]typingTicketCacheEntry),
+	}
+
+	ch.pauseSession("getupdates", 0, weixinSessionExpiredCode, "expired")
+
+	if err := ch.ensureSessionActive(); !errors.Is(err, basechannels.ErrSendFailed) {
+		t.Fatalf("ensureSessionActive() error = %v, want ErrSendFailed", err)
+	}
+
+	ch.pauseMu.Lock()
+	ch.pauseUntil = time.Now().Add(-time.Second)
+	ch.pauseMu.Unlock()
+
+	if err := ch.ensureSessionActive(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ensureSessionActive() after expiry error = %v, want nil", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSelectInboundMediaItemFallsBackToRefMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := WeixinMessage{
+		ItemList: []MessageItem{
+			{
+				Type: MessageItemTypeText,
+				TextItem: &TextItem{
+					Text: "look",
+				},
+				RefMsg: &RefMessage{
+					MessageItem: &MessageItem{
+						Type: MessageItemTypeImage,
+						ImageItem: &ImageItem{
+							Media: &CDNMedia{
+								EncryptQueryParam: "abc",
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	item := selectInboundMediaItem(msg)
+	if item == nil {
+		t.Fatal("selectInboundMediaItem() = nil, want ref media item")
+	}
+	if item.Type != MessageItemTypeImage {
+		t.Fatalf("selectInboundMediaItem().Type = %d, want %d", item.Type, MessageItemTypeImage)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/commands/builtin.go b/pkg/commands/builtin.go
index 6d9ece82f..39e76f752 100644
--- a/pkg/commands/builtin.go
+++ b/pkg/commands/builtin.go
@@ -10,9 +10,11 @@ func BuiltinDefinitions() []Definition {
 		helpCommand(),
 		showCommand(),
 		listCommand(),
+		useCommand(),
 		switchCommand(),
 		checkCommand(),
 		clearCommand(),
+		subagentsCommand(),
 		reloadCommand(),
 	}
 }
diff --git a/pkg/commands/builtin_test.go b/pkg/commands/builtin_test.go
index 66a84825e..5fd8dd9bc 100644
--- a/pkg/commands/builtin_test.go
+++ b/pkg/commands/builtin_test.go
@@ -39,9 +39,14 @@ func TestBuiltinHelpHandler_ReturnsFormattedMessage(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(reply, "/show [model|channel|agents]") {
 		t.Fatalf("/help reply missing /show usage, got %q", reply)
 	}
-	if !strings.Contains(reply, "/list [models|channels|agents]") {
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "/list [models|channels|agents|skills]") {
 		t.Fatalf("/help reply missing /list usage, got %q", reply)
 	}
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "/use <skill> <message>") {
+		if !strings.Contains(reply, "/use <skill> [message]") {
+			t.Fatalf("/help reply missing /use usage, got %q", reply)
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 func TestBuiltinShowChannel_PreservesUserVisibleBehavior(t *testing.T) {
@@ -143,3 +148,43 @@ func TestBuiltinListAgents_RestoresOldBehavior(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("/list agents reply=%q, want agent IDs", reply)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestBuiltinListSkills_UsesRuntimeSkillNames(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &Runtime{
+		ListSkillNames: func() []string {
+			return []string{"shell", "git"}
+		},
+	}
+	defs := BuiltinDefinitions()
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), rt)
+
+	var reply string
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/list skills",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("/list skills: outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "shell") || !strings.Contains(reply, "git") {
+		t.Fatalf("/list skills reply=%q, want installed skill names", reply)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuiltinUseCommand_PassthroughsToAgentLogic(t *testing.T) {
+	defs := BuiltinDefinitions()
+	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(defs), nil)
+
+	res := ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Text: "/use shell run ls",
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomePassthrough {
+		t.Fatalf("/use outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomePassthrough)
+	}
+	if res.Command != "use" {
+		t.Fatalf("/use command=%q, want=%q", res.Command, "use")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/commands/cmd_list.go b/pkg/commands/cmd_list.go
index bf47b6e9c..7186a6c25 100644
--- a/pkg/commands/cmd_list.go
+++ b/pkg/commands/cmd_list.go
@@ -47,6 +47,23 @@ func listCommand() Definition {
 				Description: "Registered agents",
 				Handler:     agentsHandler(),
 			},
+			{
+				Name:        "skills",
+				Description: "Installed skills",
+				Handler: func(_ context.Context, req Request, rt *Runtime) error {
+					if rt == nil || rt.ListSkillNames == nil {
+						return req.Reply(unavailableMsg)
+					}
+					names := rt.ListSkillNames()
+					if len(names) == 0 {
+						return req.Reply("No installed skills")
+					}
+					return req.Reply(fmt.Sprintf(
+						"Installed Skills:\n- %s\n\nUse /use <skill> <message> to force one for a single request, or /use <skill> to apply it to your next message.",
+						strings.Join(names, "\n- "),
+					))
+				},
+			},
 		},
 	}
 }
diff --git a/pkg/commands/cmd_subagents.go b/pkg/commands/cmd_subagents.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29321823c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/commands/cmd_subagents.go
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+// TurnInfo is a mirrored struct from agent.TurnInfo to avoid circular dependencies.
+type TurnInfo struct {
+	TurnID       string
+	ParentTurnID string
+	Depth        int
+	ChildTurnIDs []string
+	IsFinished   bool
+}
+
+func subagentsCommand() Definition {
+	return Definition{
+		Name:        "subagents",
+		Description: "Show running subagents and task tree",
+		Handler: func(ctx context.Context, req Request, rt *Runtime) error {
+			getTurnFn := rt.GetActiveTurn
+			if getTurnFn == nil {
+				return req.Reply("Runtime does not support querying active turns.")
+			}
+
+			turnRaw := getTurnFn()
+			if turnRaw == nil {
+				return req.Reply("No active tasks running in this session.")
+			}
+
+			if treeStr, ok := turnRaw.(string); ok {
+				if treeStr == "" {
+					return req.Reply("No active tasks running in this session.")
+				}
+				return req.Reply(fmt.Sprintf("🤖 **Active Subagents Tree**\n```text\n%s\n```", treeStr))
+			}
+
+			return req.Reply(fmt.Sprintf("🤖 **Active Subagents List**\n```text\n%+v\n```", turnRaw))
+		},
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/commands/cmd_use.go b/pkg/commands/cmd_use.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4698f5f5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/commands/cmd_use.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package commands
+
+func useCommand() Definition {
+	return Definition{
+		Name:        "use",
+		Description: "Force a specific installed skill for one request",
+		Usage:       "/use <skill> [message]",
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/commands/request.go b/pkg/commands/request.go
index 62ee600f2..233b3ef9c 100644
--- a/pkg/commands/request.go
+++ b/pkg/commands/request.go
@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ func parseCommandName(input string) (string, bool) {
 	return name, true
 }
 
+// CommandName returns the normalized command name for an input if present.
+func CommandName(input string) (string, bool) {
+	return parseCommandName(input)
+}
+
 func trimCommandPrefix(token string) (string, bool) {
 	for _, prefix := range commandPrefixes {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(token, prefix) {
diff --git a/pkg/commands/runtime.go b/pkg/commands/runtime.go
index 84f775808..5ba6a1bd2 100644
--- a/pkg/commands/runtime.go
+++ b/pkg/commands/runtime.go
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ type Runtime struct {
 	GetModelInfo       func() (name, provider string)
 	ListAgentIDs       func() []string
 	ListDefinitions    func() []Definition
+	ListSkillNames     func() []string
 	GetEnabledChannels func() []string
+	GetActiveTurn      func() any // Returning any to avoid circular dependency with agent package
 	SwitchModel        func(value string) (oldModel string, err error)
 	SwitchChannel      func(value string) error
 	ClearHistory       func() error
diff --git a/pkg/commands/show_list_handlers_test.go b/pkg/commands/show_list_handlers_test.go
index 047708f0f..28d481b67 100644
--- a/pkg/commands/show_list_handlers_test.go
+++ b/pkg/commands/show_list_handlers_test.go
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ func TestShowListHandlers_ListHandledOnAllChannels(t *testing.T) {
 		GetEnabledChannels: func() []string {
 			return []string{"telegram"}
 		},
+		ListSkillNames: func() []string {
+			return []string{"shell"}
+		},
 	}
 	ex := NewExecutor(NewRegistry(BuiltinDefinitions()), rt)
 
@@ -82,4 +85,20 @@ func TestShowListHandlers_ListHandledOnAllChannels(t *testing.T) {
 	if !strings.Contains(reply, "telegram") {
 		t.Fatalf("whatsapp /list reply=%q, expected enabled channels content", reply)
 	}
+
+	reply = ""
+	res = ex.Execute(context.Background(), Request{
+		Channel: "whatsapp",
+		Text:    "/list skills",
+		Reply: func(text string) error {
+			reply = text
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	if res.Outcome != OutcomeHandled {
+		t.Fatalf("whatsapp /list skills outcome=%v, want=%v", res.Outcome, OutcomeHandled)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(reply, "shell") {
+		t.Fatalf("whatsapp /list skills reply=%q, expected installed skills content", reply)
+	}
 }
diff --git a/pkg/config/config.go b/pkg/config/config.go
index 235cb0641..367952301 100644
--- a/pkg/config/config.go
+++ b/pkg/config/config.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package config
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"math/rand"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -10,8 +11,10 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/caarlos0/env/v11"
 
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/credential"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/fileutil"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
 )
 
 // rrCounter is a global counter for round-robin load balancing across models.
@@ -76,20 +79,90 @@ func (f *FlexibleStringSlice) UnmarshalText(text []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// CurrentVersion is the latest config schema version
+const CurrentVersion = 1
+
+// Config is the current config structure with version support
 type Config struct {
+	Version   int             `json:"version"` // Config schema version for migration
 	Agents    AgentsConfig    `json:"agents"`
 	Bindings  []AgentBinding  `json:"bindings,omitempty"`
 	Session   SessionConfig   `json:"session,omitempty"`
 	Channels  ChannelsConfig  `json:"channels"`
-	Providers ProvidersConfig `json:"providers,omitempty"`
-	ModelList []ModelConfig   `json:"model_list"` // New model-centric provider configuration
+	ModelList []*ModelConfig  `json:"model_list"` // New model-centric provider configuration
 	Gateway   GatewayConfig   `json:"gateway"`
+	Hooks     HooksConfig     `json:"hooks,omitempty"`
 	Tools     ToolsConfig     `json:"tools"`
 	Heartbeat HeartbeatConfig `json:"heartbeat"`
 	Devices   DevicesConfig   `json:"devices"`
 	Voice     VoiceConfig     `json:"voice"`
 	// BuildInfo contains build-time version information
 	BuildInfo BuildInfo `json:"build_info,omitempty"`
+
+	security *SecurityConfig
+}
+
+func (c *Config) WithSecurity(sec *SecurityConfig) *Config {
+	if sec == nil {
+		c.security = sec
+		return c
+	}
+	sec = normalizeSecurityConfig(sec)
+	err := applySecurityConfig(c, sec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.security = sec
+	return c
+}
+
+// FilterSensitiveData filters sensitive values from content before sending to LLM.
+// This prevents the LLM from seeing its own credentials.
+// Uses strings.Replacer for O(n+m) performance (computed once per SecurityConfig).
+// Short content (below FilterMinLength) is returned unchanged for performance.
+func (c *Config) FilterSensitiveData(content string) string {
+	if c.security == nil || content == "" {
+		return content
+	}
+	// Check if filtering is enabled (default: true)
+	if !c.Tools.IsFilterSensitiveDataEnabled() {
+		return content
+	}
+	// Fast path: skip filtering for short content
+	if len(content) < c.Tools.GetFilterMinLength() {
+		return content
+	}
+	return c.security.SensitiveDataReplacer().Replace(content)
+}
+
+type HooksConfig struct {
+	Enabled   bool                         `json:"enabled"`
+	Defaults  HookDefaultsConfig           `json:"defaults,omitempty"`
+	Builtins  map[string]BuiltinHookConfig `json:"builtins,omitempty"`
+	Processes map[string]ProcessHookConfig `json:"processes,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type HookDefaultsConfig struct {
+	ObserverTimeoutMS    int `json:"observer_timeout_ms,omitempty"`
+	InterceptorTimeoutMS int `json:"interceptor_timeout_ms,omitempty"`
+	ApprovalTimeoutMS    int `json:"approval_timeout_ms,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type BuiltinHookConfig struct {
+	Enabled  bool            `json:"enabled"`
+	Priority int             `json:"priority,omitempty"`
+	Config   json.RawMessage `json:"config,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type ProcessHookConfig struct {
+	Enabled   bool              `json:"enabled"`
+	Priority  int               `json:"priority,omitempty"`
+	Transport string            `json:"transport,omitempty"`
+	Command   []string          `json:"command,omitempty"`
+	Dir       string            `json:"dir,omitempty"`
+	Env       map[string]string `json:"env,omitempty"`
+	Observe   []string          `json:"observe,omitempty"`
+	Intercept []string          `json:"intercept,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // BuildInfo contains build-time version information
@@ -102,19 +175,13 @@ type BuildInfo struct {
 
 // MarshalJSON implements custom JSON marshaling for Config
 // to omit providers section when empty and session when empty
-func (c Config) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+func (c *Config) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	type Alias Config
 	aux := &struct {
-		Providers *ProvidersConfig `json:"providers,omitempty"`
-		Session   *SessionConfig   `json:"session,omitempty"`
+		Session *SessionConfig `json:"session,omitempty"`
 		*Alias
 	}{
-		Alias: (*Alias)(&c),
-	}
-
-	// Only include providers if not empty
-	if !c.Providers.IsEmpty() {
-		aux.Providers = &c.Providers
+		Alias: (*Alias)(c),
 	}
 
 	// Only include session if not empty
@@ -219,9 +286,15 @@ type RoutingConfig struct {
 	Threshold  float64 `json:"threshold"`   // complexity score in [0,1]; score >= threshold → primary model
 }
 
-// ToolFeedbackConfig controls whether tool execution details are sent to the
-// chat channel as real-time feedback messages. When enabled, every tool call
-// produces a short notification with the tool name and its parameters.
+// SubTurnConfig configures the SubTurn execution system.
+type SubTurnConfig struct {
+	MaxDepth              int `json:"max_depth"               env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUBTURN_MAX_DEPTH"`
+	MaxConcurrent         int `json:"max_concurrent"          env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUBTURN_MAX_CONCURRENT"`
+	DefaultTimeoutMinutes int `json:"default_timeout_minutes" env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUBTURN_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MINUTES"`
+	DefaultTokenBudget    int `json:"default_token_budget"    env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUBTURN_DEFAULT_TOKEN_BUDGET"`
+	ConcurrencyTimeoutSec int `json:"concurrency_timeout_sec" env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUBTURN_CONCURRENCY_TIMEOUT_SEC"`
+}
+
 type ToolFeedbackConfig struct {
 	Enabled       bool `json:"enabled"         env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_TOOL_FEEDBACK_ENABLED"`
 	MaxArgsLength int  `json:"max_args_length" env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_TOOL_FEEDBACK_MAX_ARGS_LENGTH"`
@@ -233,24 +306,24 @@ type AgentDefaults struct {
 	AllowReadOutsideWorkspace bool               `json:"allow_read_outside_workspace"    env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_ALLOW_READ_OUTSIDE_WORKSPACE"`
 	Provider                  string             `json:"provider"                        env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_PROVIDER"`
 	ModelName                 string             `json:"model_name"                      env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MODEL_NAME"`
-	Model                     string             `json:"model,omitempty"                 env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MODEL"` // Deprecated: use model_name instead
 	ModelFallbacks            []string           `json:"model_fallbacks,omitempty"`
 	ImageModel                string             `json:"image_model,omitempty"           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_IMAGE_MODEL"`
 	ImageModelFallbacks       []string           `json:"image_model_fallbacks,omitempty"`
 	MaxTokens                 int                `json:"max_tokens"                      env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MAX_TOKENS"`
+	ContextWindow             int                `json:"context_window,omitempty"        env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_CONTEXT_WINDOW"`
 	Temperature               *float64           `json:"temperature,omitempty"           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_TEMPERATURE"`
 	MaxToolIterations         int                `json:"max_tool_iterations"             env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MAX_TOOL_ITERATIONS"`
 	SummarizeMessageThreshold int                `json:"summarize_message_threshold"     env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUMMARIZE_MESSAGE_THRESHOLD"`
 	SummarizeTokenPercent     int                `json:"summarize_token_percent"         env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUMMARIZE_TOKEN_PERCENT"`
 	MaxMediaSize              int                `json:"max_media_size,omitempty"        env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MAX_MEDIA_SIZE"`
 	Routing                   *RoutingConfig     `json:"routing,omitempty"`
+	SteeringMode              string             `json:"steering_mode,omitempty"         env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_STEERING_MODE"` // "one-at-a-time" (default) or "all"
+	SubTurn                   SubTurnConfig      `json:"subturn"                                                                                     envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUBTURN_"`
 	ToolFeedback              ToolFeedbackConfig `json:"tool_feedback,omitempty"`
+	SplitOnMarker             bool               `json:"split_on_marker"                 env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SPLIT_ON_MARKER"` // split messages on <|[SPLIT]|> marker
 }
 
-const (
-	DefaultMaxMediaSize                = 20 * 1024 * 1024 // 20 MB
-	DefaultWeComAIBotProcessingMessage = "⏳ Processing, please wait. The results will be sent shortly."
-)
+const DefaultMaxMediaSize = 20 * 1024 * 1024 // 20 MB
 
 func (d *AgentDefaults) GetMaxMediaSize() int {
 	if d.MaxMediaSize > 0 {
@@ -275,10 +348,7 @@ func (d *AgentDefaults) IsToolFeedbackEnabled() bool {
 // GetModelName returns the effective model name for the agent defaults.
 // It prefers the new "model_name" field but falls back to "model" for backward compatibility.
 func (d *AgentDefaults) GetModelName() string {
-	if d.ModelName != "" {
-		return d.ModelName
-	}
-	return d.Model
+	return d.ModelName
 }
 
 type ChannelsConfig struct {
@@ -293,9 +363,8 @@ type ChannelsConfig struct {
 	Matrix     MatrixConfig     `json:"matrix"`
 	LINE       LINEConfig       `json:"line"`
 	OneBot     OneBotConfig     `json:"onebot"`
-	WeCom      WeComConfig      `json:"wecom"`
-	WeComApp   WeComAppConfig   `json:"wecom_app"`
-	WeComAIBot WeComAIBotConfig `json:"wecom_aibot"`
+	WeCom      WeComConfig      `json:"wecom"       envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_"`
+	Weixin     WeixinConfig     `json:"weixin"`
 	Pico       PicoConfig       `json:"pico"`
 	PicoClient PicoClientConfig `json:"pico_client"`
 	IRC        IRCConfig        `json:"irc"`
@@ -314,8 +383,20 @@ type TypingConfig struct {
 
 // PlaceholderConfig controls placeholder message behavior (Phase 10).
 type PlaceholderConfig struct {
-	Enabled bool   `json:"enabled,omitempty"`
-	Text    string `json:"text,omitempty"`
+	Enabled bool                `json:"enabled"`
+	Text    FlexibleStringSlice `json:"text,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// GetRandomText returns a random placeholder text, or default if none set.
+func (p *PlaceholderConfig) GetRandomText() string {
+	if len(p.Text) == 0 {
+		return "Thinking..."
+	}
+	if len(p.Text) == 1 {
+		return p.Text[0]
+	}
+	idx := rand.Intn(len(p.Text))
+	return p.Text[idx]
 }
 
 type StreamingConfig struct {
@@ -334,8 +415,8 @@ type WhatsAppConfig struct {
 }
 
 type TelegramConfig struct {
-	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_ENABLED"`
-	Token              string              `json:"token"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_TOKEN"`
+	Enabled            bool `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_ENABLED"`
+	token              string
 	BaseURL            string              `json:"base_url"                env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_BASE_URL"`
 	Proxy              string              `json:"proxy"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_PROXY"`
 	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_ALLOW_FROM"`
@@ -345,25 +426,71 @@ type TelegramConfig struct {
 	Streaming          StreamingConfig     `json:"streaming,omitempty"`
 	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
 	UseMarkdownV2      bool                `json:"use_markdown_v2"         env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_USE_MARKDOWN_V2"`
+	secDirty           bool
+}
+
+// Token returns the Telegram bot token
+func (c *TelegramConfig) Token() string {
+	return c.token
+}
+
+// SetToken sets the Telegram bot token
+func (c *TelegramConfig) SetToken(token string) {
+	c.token = token
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type FeishuConfig struct {
-	Enabled             bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_ENABLED"`
-	AppID               string              `json:"app_id"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_APP_ID"`
-	AppSecret           string              `json:"app_secret"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_APP_SECRET"`
-	EncryptKey          string              `json:"encrypt_key"             env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_ENCRYPT_KEY"`
-	VerificationToken   string              `json:"verification_token"      env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_VERIFICATION_TOKEN"`
+	Enabled             bool   `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_ENABLED"`
+	AppID               string `json:"app_id"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_APP_ID"`
+	appSecret           string
+	encryptKey          string
+	verificationToken   string
 	AllowFrom           FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_ALLOW_FROM"`
 	GroupTrigger        GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
 	Placeholder         PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
 	ReasoningChannelID  string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
 	RandomReactionEmoji FlexibleStringSlice `json:"random_reaction_emoji"   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_RANDOM_REACTION_EMOJI"`
 	IsLark              bool                `json:"is_lark"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_IS_LARK"`
+	secDirty            bool
+}
+
+// AppSecret returns the Feishu app secret
+func (c *FeishuConfig) AppSecret() string {
+	return c.appSecret
+}
+
+// SetAppSecret sets the Feishu app secret
+func (c *FeishuConfig) SetAppSecret(secret string) {
+	c.appSecret = secret
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
+// EncryptKey returns the Feishu encrypt key
+func (c *FeishuConfig) EncryptKey() string {
+	return c.encryptKey
+}
+
+// SetEncryptKey sets the Feishu encrypt key
+func (c *FeishuConfig) SetEncryptKey(key string) {
+	c.encryptKey = key
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
+// VerificationToken returns the Feishu verification token
+func (c *FeishuConfig) VerificationToken() string {
+	return c.verificationToken
+}
+
+// SetVerificationToken sets the Feishu verification token
+func (c *FeishuConfig) SetVerificationToken(token string) {
+	c.verificationToken = token
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type DiscordConfig struct {
-	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_ENABLED"`
-	Token              string              `json:"token"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_TOKEN"`
+	Enabled            bool `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_ENABLED"`
+	token              string
 	Proxy              string              `json:"proxy"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_PROXY"`
 	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_ALLOW_FROM"`
 	MentionOnly        bool                `json:"mention_only"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_MENTION_ONLY"`
@@ -371,6 +498,18 @@ type DiscordConfig struct {
 	Typing             TypingConfig        `json:"typing,omitempty"`
 	Placeholder        PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
 	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	secDirty           bool
+}
+
+// Token returns the Discord bot token
+func (c *DiscordConfig) Token() string {
+	return c.token
+}
+
+// SetToken sets the Discord bot token
+func (c *DiscordConfig) SetToken(token string) {
+	c.token = token
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type MaixCamConfig struct {
@@ -382,55 +521,116 @@ type MaixCamConfig struct {
 }
 
 type QQConfig struct {
-	Enabled              bool                `json:"enabled"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_ENABLED"`
-	AppID                string              `json:"app_id"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_APP_ID"`
-	AppSecret            string              `json:"app_secret"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_APP_SECRET"`
+	Enabled              bool   `json:"enabled"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_ENABLED"`
+	AppID                string `json:"app_id"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_APP_ID"`
+	appSecret            string
 	AllowFrom            FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_ALLOW_FROM"`
 	GroupTrigger         GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
 	MaxMessageLength     int                 `json:"max_message_length"       env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH"`
 	MaxBase64FileSizeMiB int64               `json:"max_base64_file_size_mib" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_MAX_BASE64_FILE_SIZE_MIB"`
 	SendMarkdown         bool                `json:"send_markdown"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_SEND_MARKDOWN"`
 	ReasoningChannelID   string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	secDirty             bool
+}
+
+// AppSecret returns the QQ app secret
+func (c *QQConfig) AppSecret() string {
+	return c.appSecret
+}
+
+// SetAppSecret sets the QQ app secret
+func (c *QQConfig) SetAppSecret(secret string) {
+	c.appSecret = secret
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type DingTalkConfig struct {
-	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DINGTALK_ENABLED"`
-	ClientID           string              `json:"client_id"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DINGTALK_CLIENT_ID"`
-	ClientSecret       string              `json:"client_secret"           env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DINGTALK_CLIENT_SECRET"`
+	Enabled            bool   `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DINGTALK_ENABLED"`
+	ClientID           string `json:"client_id"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DINGTALK_CLIENT_ID"`
+	clientSecret       string
 	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DINGTALK_ALLOW_FROM"`
 	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
 	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DINGTALK_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	secDirty           bool
+}
+
+// ClientSecret returns the DingTalk client secret
+func (c *DingTalkConfig) ClientSecret() string {
+	return c.clientSecret
+}
+
+// SetClientSecret sets the DingTalk client secret
+func (c *DingTalkConfig) SetClientSecret(secret string) {
+	c.clientSecret = secret
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type SlackConfig struct {
-	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_SLACK_ENABLED"`
-	BotToken           string              `json:"bot_token"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_SLACK_BOT_TOKEN"`
-	AppToken           string              `json:"app_token"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_SLACK_APP_TOKEN"`
+	Enabled            bool `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_SLACK_ENABLED"`
+	botToken           string
+	appToken           string
 	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_SLACK_ALLOW_FROM"`
 	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
 	Typing             TypingConfig        `json:"typing,omitempty"`
 	Placeholder        PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
 	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_SLACK_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	secDirty           bool
+}
+
+// BotToken returns the Slack bot token
+func (c *SlackConfig) BotToken() string {
+	return c.botToken
+}
+
+// SetBotToken sets the Slack bot token
+func (c *SlackConfig) SetBotToken(token string) {
+	c.botToken = token
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
+// AppToken returns the Slack app token
+func (c *SlackConfig) AppToken() string {
+	return c.appToken
+}
+
+// SetAppToken sets the Slack app token
+func (c *SlackConfig) SetAppToken(token string) {
+	c.appToken = token
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type MatrixConfig struct {
-	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_ENABLED"`
-	Homeserver         string              `json:"homeserver"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_HOMESERVER"`
-	UserID             string              `json:"user_id"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_USER_ID"`
-	AccessToken        string              `json:"access_token"             env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN"`
-	DeviceID           string              `json:"device_id,omitempty"      env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_DEVICE_ID"`
-	JoinOnInvite       bool                `json:"join_on_invite"           env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_JOIN_ON_INVITE"`
-	MessageFormat      string              `json:"message_format,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_MESSAGE_FORMAT"`
-	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	Enabled            bool   `json:"enabled"                        env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_ENABLED"`
+	Homeserver         string `json:"homeserver"                     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_HOMESERVER"`
+	UserID             string `json:"user_id"                        env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_USER_ID"`
+	accessToken        string
+	DeviceID           string              `json:"device_id,omitempty"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_DEVICE_ID"`
+	JoinOnInvite       bool                `json:"join_on_invite"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_JOIN_ON_INVITE"`
+	MessageFormat      string              `json:"message_format,omitempty"       env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_MESSAGE_FORMAT"`
+	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"                     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_ALLOW_FROM"`
 	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
 	Placeholder        PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
-	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"           env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	secDirty           bool
+	CryptoDatabasePath string `json:"crypto_database_path,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_CRYPTO_DATABASE_PATH"`
+	CryptoPassphrase   string `json:"crypto_passphrase,omitempty"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_CRYPTO_PASSPHRASE"`
+}
+
+// AccessToken returns the Matrix access token
+func (c *MatrixConfig) AccessToken() string {
+	return c.accessToken
+}
+
+// SetAccessToken sets the Matrix access token
+func (c *MatrixConfig) SetAccessToken(token string) {
+	c.accessToken = token
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type LINEConfig struct {
-	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_ENABLED"`
-	ChannelSecret      string              `json:"channel_secret"          env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_CHANNEL_SECRET"`
-	ChannelAccessToken string              `json:"channel_access_token"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN"`
+	Enabled            bool `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_ENABLED"`
+	channelSecret      string
+	channelAccessToken string
 	WebhookHost        string              `json:"webhook_host"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_WEBHOOK_HOST"`
 	WebhookPort        int                 `json:"webhook_port"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_WEBHOOK_PORT"`
 	WebhookPath        string              `json:"webhook_path"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_WEBHOOK_PATH"`
@@ -439,12 +639,35 @@ type LINEConfig struct {
 	Typing             TypingConfig        `json:"typing,omitempty"`
 	Placeholder        PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
 	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	secDirty           bool
+}
+
+// ChannelSecret returns the LINE channel secret
+func (c *LINEConfig) ChannelSecret() string {
+	return c.channelSecret
+}
+
+// SetChannelSecret sets the LINE channel secret
+func (c *LINEConfig) SetChannelSecret(secret string) {
+	c.channelSecret = secret
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
+// ChannelAccessToken returns the LINE channel access token
+func (c *LINEConfig) ChannelAccessToken() string {
+	return c.channelAccessToken
+}
+
+// SetChannelAccessToken sets the LINE channel access token
+func (c *LINEConfig) SetChannelAccessToken(token string) {
+	c.channelAccessToken = token
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type OneBotConfig struct {
-	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_ENABLED"`
-	WSUrl              string              `json:"ws_url"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_WS_URL"`
-	AccessToken        string              `json:"access_token"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_ACCESS_TOKEN"`
+	Enabled            bool   `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_ENABLED"`
+	WSUrl              string `json:"ws_url"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_WS_URL"`
+	accessToken        string
 	ReconnectInterval  int                 `json:"reconnect_interval"      env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_RECONNECT_INTERVAL"`
 	GroupTriggerPrefix []string            `json:"group_trigger_prefix"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_GROUP_TRIGGER_PREFIX"`
 	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_ALLOW_FROM"`
@@ -452,56 +675,71 @@ type OneBotConfig struct {
 	Typing             TypingConfig        `json:"typing,omitempty"`
 	Placeholder        PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
 	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	secDirty           bool
+}
+
+// AccessToken returns the OneBot access token
+func (c *OneBotConfig) AccessToken() string {
+	return c.accessToken
+}
+
+// SetAccessToken sets the OneBot access token
+func (c *OneBotConfig) SetAccessToken(token string) {
+	c.accessToken = token
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
+type WeComGroupConfig struct {
+	AllowFrom FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type WeComConfig struct {
-	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_ENABLED"`
-	Token              string              `json:"token"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_TOKEN"`
-	EncodingAESKey     string              `json:"encoding_aes_key"        env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_ENCODING_AES_KEY"`
-	WebhookURL         string              `json:"webhook_url"             env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_WEBHOOK_URL"`
-	WebhookHost        string              `json:"webhook_host"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_WEBHOOK_HOST"`
-	WebhookPort        int                 `json:"webhook_port"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_WEBHOOK_PORT"`
-	WebhookPath        string              `json:"webhook_path"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_WEBHOOK_PATH"`
-	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_ALLOW_FROM"`
-	ReplyTimeout       int                 `json:"reply_timeout"           env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_REPLY_TIMEOUT"`
-	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
-	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	Enabled             bool   `json:"enabled"                 env:"ENABLED"`
+	BotID               string `json:"bot_id"                  env:"BOT_ID"`
+	secret              string
+	WebSocketURL        string              `json:"websocket_url,omitempty" env:"WEBSOCKET_URL"`
+	SendThinkingMessage bool                `json:"send_thinking_message"   env:"SEND_THINKING_MESSAGE"`
+	AllowFrom           FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"ALLOW_FROM"`
+	ReasoningChannelID  string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	secDirty            bool
 }
 
-type WeComAppConfig struct {
-	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_APP_ENABLED"`
-	CorpID             string              `json:"corp_id"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_APP_CORP_ID"`
-	CorpSecret         string              `json:"corp_secret"             env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_APP_CORP_SECRET"`
-	AgentID            int64               `json:"agent_id"                env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_APP_AGENT_ID"`
-	Token              string              `json:"token"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_APP_TOKEN"`
-	EncodingAESKey     string              `json:"encoding_aes_key"        env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_APP_ENCODING_AES_KEY"`
-	WebhookHost        string              `json:"webhook_host"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_APP_WEBHOOK_HOST"`
-	WebhookPort        int                 `json:"webhook_port"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_APP_WEBHOOK_PORT"`
-	WebhookPath        string              `json:"webhook_path"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_APP_WEBHOOK_PATH"`
-	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_APP_ALLOW_FROM"`
-	ReplyTimeout       int                 `json:"reply_timeout"           env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_APP_REPLY_TIMEOUT"`
-	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
-	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_APP_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+// Secret returns the WeCom bot secret.
+func (c *WeComConfig) Secret() string {
+	return c.secret
 }
 
-type WeComAIBotConfig struct {
-	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                      env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_AIBOT_ENABLED"`
-	BotID              string              `json:"bot_id,omitempty"             env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_AIBOT_BOT_ID"`
-	Secret             string              `json:"secret,omitempty"             env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_AIBOT_SECRET"`
-	Token              string              `json:"token,omitempty"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_AIBOT_TOKEN"`
-	EncodingAESKey     string              `json:"encoding_aes_key,omitempty"   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_AIBOT_ENCODING_AES_KEY"`
-	WebhookPath        string              `json:"webhook_path,omitempty"       env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_AIBOT_WEBHOOK_PATH"`
-	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_AIBOT_ALLOW_FROM"`
-	ReplyTimeout       int                 `json:"reply_timeout"                env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_AIBOT_REPLY_TIMEOUT"`
-	MaxSteps           int                 `json:"max_steps"                    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_AIBOT_MAX_STEPS"`       // Maximum streaming steps
-	WelcomeMessage     string              `json:"welcome_message"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_AIBOT_WELCOME_MESSAGE"` // Sent on enter_chat event; empty = no welcome
-	ProcessingMessage  string              `json:"processing_message,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_AIBOT_PROCESSING_MESSAGE"`
-	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"         env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_AIBOT_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+// SetSecret sets the WeCom bot secret.
+func (c *WeComConfig) SetSecret(secret string) {
+	c.secret = secret
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
+type WeixinConfig struct {
+	Enabled            bool `json:"enabled"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_ENABLED"`
+	token              string
+	AccountID          string              `json:"account_id,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_ACCOUNT_ID"`
+	BaseURL            string              `json:"base_url"             env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_BASE_URL"`
+	CDNBaseURL         string              `json:"cdn_base_url"         env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_CDN_BASE_URL"`
+	Proxy              string              `json:"proxy"                env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_PROXY"`
+	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"           env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	secDirty           bool
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinConfig) Token() string {
+	return c.token
+}
+
+func (c *WeixinConfig) SetToken(token string) *WeixinConfig {
+	c.token = token
+	c.secDirty = true
+	return c
 }
 
 type PicoConfig struct {
-	Enabled         bool                `json:"enabled"                     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_PICO_ENABLED"`
-	Token           string              `json:"token"                       env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_PICO_TOKEN"`
+	Enabled         bool `json:"enabled"                     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_PICO_ENABLED"`
+	token           string
 	AllowTokenQuery bool                `json:"allow_token_query,omitempty"`
 	AllowOrigins    []string            `json:"allow_origins,omitempty"`
 	PingInterval    int                 `json:"ping_interval,omitempty"`
@@ -510,6 +748,18 @@ type PicoConfig struct {
 	MaxConnections  int                 `json:"max_connections,omitempty"`
 	AllowFrom       FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_PICO_ALLOW_FROM"`
 	Placeholder     PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
+	secDirty        bool
+}
+
+// Token returns the Pico channel token
+func (c *PicoConfig) Token() string {
+	return c.token
+}
+
+// SetToken sets the Pico channel token
+func (c *PicoConfig) SetToken(token string) {
+	c.token = token
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type PicoClientConfig struct {
@@ -523,22 +773,53 @@ type PicoClientConfig struct {
 }
 
 type IRCConfig struct {
-	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_ENABLED"`
-	Server             string              `json:"server"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_SERVER"`
-	TLS                bool                `json:"tls"                     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_TLS"`
-	Nick               string              `json:"nick"                    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_NICK"`
-	User               string              `json:"user,omitempty"          env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_USER"`
-	RealName           string              `json:"real_name,omitempty"     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_REAL_NAME"`
-	Password           string              `json:"password"                env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_PASSWORD"`
-	NickServPassword   string              `json:"nickserv_password"       env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_NICKSERV_PASSWORD"`
-	SASLUser           string              `json:"sasl_user"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_SASL_USER"`
-	SASLPassword       string              `json:"sasl_password"           env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_SASL_PASSWORD"`
+	Enabled            bool   `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_ENABLED"`
+	Server             string `json:"server"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_SERVER"`
+	TLS                bool   `json:"tls"                     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_TLS"`
+	Nick               string `json:"nick"                    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_NICK"`
+	User               string `json:"user,omitempty"          env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_USER"`
+	RealName           string `json:"real_name,omitempty"     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_REAL_NAME"`
+	password           string
+	nickServPassword   string
+	SASLUser           string `json:"sasl_user"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_SASL_USER"`
+	saslPassword       string
 	Channels           FlexibleStringSlice `json:"channels"                env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_CHANNELS"`
 	RequestCaps        FlexibleStringSlice `json:"request_caps,omitempty"  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_REQUEST_CAPS"`
 	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_ALLOW_FROM"`
 	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
 	Typing             TypingConfig        `json:"typing,omitempty"`
 	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	secDirty           bool
+}
+
+// Password returns the IRC password
+func (c *IRCConfig) Password() string {
+	return c.password
+}
+
+// NickServPassword returns the NickServ password
+func (c *IRCConfig) NickServPassword() string {
+	return c.nickServPassword
+}
+
+// SASLPassword returns the SASL password
+func (c *IRCConfig) SASLPassword() string {
+	return c.saslPassword
+}
+
+func (c *IRCConfig) SetPassword(password string) {
+	c.password = password
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
+func (c *IRCConfig) SetNickServPassword(password string) {
+	c.nickServPassword = password
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
+func (c *IRCConfig) SetSASLPassword(password string) {
+	c.saslPassword = password
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type HeartbeatConfig struct {
@@ -552,89 +833,9 @@ type DevicesConfig struct {
 }
 
 type VoiceConfig struct {
-	EchoTranscription bool `json:"echo_transcription" env:"PICOCLAW_VOICE_ECHO_TRANSCRIPTION"`
-}
-
-type ProvidersConfig struct {
-	Anthropic     ProviderConfig       `json:"anthropic"`
-	OpenAI        OpenAIProviderConfig `json:"openai"`
-	LiteLLM       ProviderConfig       `json:"litellm"`
-	OpenRouter    ProviderConfig       `json:"openrouter"`
-	Groq          ProviderConfig       `json:"groq"`
-	Zhipu         ProviderConfig       `json:"zhipu"`
-	VLLM          ProviderConfig       `json:"vllm"`
-	Gemini        ProviderConfig       `json:"gemini"`
-	Nvidia        ProviderConfig       `json:"nvidia"`
-	Ollama        ProviderConfig       `json:"ollama"`
-	Moonshot      ProviderConfig       `json:"moonshot"`
-	ShengSuanYun  ProviderConfig       `json:"shengsuanyun"`
-	DeepSeek      ProviderConfig       `json:"deepseek"`
-	Cerebras      ProviderConfig       `json:"cerebras"`
-	Vivgrid       ProviderConfig       `json:"vivgrid"`
-	VolcEngine    ProviderConfig       `json:"volcengine"`
-	GitHubCopilot ProviderConfig       `json:"github_copilot"`
-	Antigravity   ProviderConfig       `json:"antigravity"`
-	Qwen          ProviderConfig       `json:"qwen"`
-	Mistral       ProviderConfig       `json:"mistral"`
-	Avian         ProviderConfig       `json:"avian"`
-	Minimax       ProviderConfig       `json:"minimax"`
-	LongCat       ProviderConfig       `json:"longcat"`
-	ModelScope    ProviderConfig       `json:"modelscope"`
-	Novita        ProviderConfig       `json:"novita"`
-}
-
-// IsEmpty checks if all provider configs are empty (no API keys or API bases set)
-// Note: WebSearch is an optimization option and doesn't count as "non-empty"
-func (p ProvidersConfig) IsEmpty() bool {
-	return p.Anthropic.APIKey == "" && p.Anthropic.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.OpenAI.APIKey == "" && p.OpenAI.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.LiteLLM.APIKey == "" && p.LiteLLM.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.OpenRouter.APIKey == "" && p.OpenRouter.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Groq.APIKey == "" && p.Groq.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Zhipu.APIKey == "" && p.Zhipu.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.VLLM.APIKey == "" && p.VLLM.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Gemini.APIKey == "" && p.Gemini.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Nvidia.APIKey == "" && p.Nvidia.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Ollama.APIKey == "" && p.Ollama.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Moonshot.APIKey == "" && p.Moonshot.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.ShengSuanYun.APIKey == "" && p.ShengSuanYun.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.DeepSeek.APIKey == "" && p.DeepSeek.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Cerebras.APIKey == "" && p.Cerebras.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Vivgrid.APIKey == "" && p.Vivgrid.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.VolcEngine.APIKey == "" && p.VolcEngine.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.GitHubCopilot.APIKey == "" && p.GitHubCopilot.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Antigravity.APIKey == "" && p.Antigravity.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Qwen.APIKey == "" && p.Qwen.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Mistral.APIKey == "" && p.Mistral.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Avian.APIKey == "" && p.Avian.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Minimax.APIKey == "" && p.Minimax.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.LongCat.APIKey == "" && p.LongCat.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.ModelScope.APIKey == "" && p.ModelScope.APIBase == "" &&
-		p.Novita.APIKey == "" && p.Novita.APIBase == ""
-}
-
-// MarshalJSON implements custom JSON marshaling for ProvidersConfig
-// to omit the entire section when empty
-func (p ProvidersConfig) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	if p.IsEmpty() {
-		return []byte("null"), nil
-	}
-	type Alias ProvidersConfig
-	return json.Marshal((*Alias)(&p))
-}
-
-type ProviderConfig struct {
-	APIKey         string `json:"api_key"                   env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_{{.Name}}_API_KEY"`
-	APIBase        string `json:"api_base"                  env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_{{.Name}}_API_BASE"`
-	Proxy          string `json:"proxy,omitempty"           env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_{{.Name}}_PROXY"`
-	RequestTimeout int    `json:"request_timeout,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_{{.Name}}_REQUEST_TIMEOUT"`
-	AuthMethod     string `json:"auth_method,omitempty"     env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_{{.Name}}_AUTH_METHOD"`
-	ConnectMode    string `json:"connect_mode,omitempty"    env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_{{.Name}}_CONNECT_MODE"` // only for Github Copilot, `stdio` or `grpc`
-}
-
-type OpenAIProviderConfig struct {
-	ProviderConfig
-	WebSearch bool `json:"web_search" env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_OPENAI_WEB_SEARCH"`
+	ModelName         string `json:"model_name,omitempty"         env:"PICOCLAW_VOICE_MODEL_NAME"`
+	EchoTranscription bool   `json:"echo_transcription"           env:"PICOCLAW_VOICE_ECHO_TRANSCRIPTION"`
+	ElevenLabsAPIKey  string `json:"elevenlabs_api_key,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_VOICE_ELEVENLABS_API_KEY"`
 }
 
 // ModelConfig represents a model-centric provider configuration.
@@ -651,8 +852,6 @@ type ModelConfig struct {
 
 	// HTTP-based providers
 	APIBase   string   `json:"api_base,omitempty"`  // API endpoint URL
-	APIKey    string   `json:"api_key"`             // API authentication key (single key)
-	APIKeys   []string `json:"api_keys,omitempty"`  // API authentication keys (multiple keys for failover)
 	Proxy     string   `json:"proxy,omitempty"`     // HTTP proxy URL
 	Fallbacks []string `json:"fallbacks,omitempty"` // Fallback model names for failover
 
@@ -662,10 +861,33 @@ type ModelConfig struct {
 	Workspace   string `json:"workspace,omitempty"`    // Workspace path for CLI-based providers
 
 	// Optional optimizations
-	RPM            int    `json:"rpm,omitempty"`              // Requests per minute limit
-	MaxTokensField string `json:"max_tokens_field,omitempty"` // Field name for max tokens (e.g., "max_completion_tokens")
-	RequestTimeout int    `json:"request_timeout,omitempty"`
-	ThinkingLevel  string `json:"thinking_level,omitempty"` // Extended thinking: off|low|medium|high|xhigh|adaptive
+	RPM            int            `json:"rpm,omitempty"`              // Requests per minute limit
+	MaxTokensField string         `json:"max_tokens_field,omitempty"` // Field name for max tokens (e.g., "max_completion_tokens")
+	RequestTimeout int            `json:"request_timeout,omitempty"`
+	ThinkingLevel  string         `json:"thinking_level,omitempty"` // Extended thinking: off|low|medium|high|xhigh|adaptive
+	ExtraBody      map[string]any `json:"extra_body,omitempty"`     // Additional fields to inject into request body
+
+	// from security
+	secModelName string
+	apiKeys      []string
+	secDirty     bool
+
+	// isVirtual marks this model as a virtual model generated from multi-key expansion.
+	// Virtual models should not be persisted to config files.
+	isVirtual bool
+}
+
+// APIKey returns the first API key from apiKeys
+func (c *ModelConfig) APIKey() string {
+	if len(c.apiKeys) > 0 {
+		return c.apiKeys[0]
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// IsVirtual returns true if this model was generated from multi-key expansion.
+func (c *ModelConfig) IsVirtual() bool {
+	return c.isVirtual
 }
 
 // Validate checks if the ModelConfig has all required fields.
@@ -679,10 +901,20 @@ func (c *ModelConfig) Validate() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (c *ModelConfig) SetAPIKey(value string) {
+	if len(c.apiKeys) > 0 {
+		c.apiKeys[0] = value
+	} else {
+		c.apiKeys = append(c.apiKeys, value)
+	}
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
 type GatewayConfig struct {
-	Host      string `json:"host"       env:"PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOST"`
-	Port      int    `json:"port"       env:"PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_PORT"`
-	HotReload bool   `json:"hot_reload" env:"PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOT_RELOAD"`
+	Host      string `json:"host"                env:"PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOST"`
+	Port      int    `json:"port"                env:"PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_PORT"`
+	HotReload bool   `json:"hot_reload"          env:"PICOCLAW_GATEWAY_HOT_RELOAD"`
+	LogLevel  string `json:"log_level,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_LOG_LEVEL"`
 }
 
 type ToolDiscoveryConfig struct {
@@ -698,18 +930,68 @@ type ToolConfig struct {
 }
 
 type BraveConfig struct {
-	Enabled    bool     `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_ENABLED"`
-	APIKey     string   `json:"api_key"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_API_KEY"`
-	APIKeys    []string `json:"api_keys"    env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_API_KEYS"`
-	MaxResults int      `json:"max_results" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_MAX_RESULTS"`
+	Enabled    bool `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_ENABLED"`
+	apiKeys    []string
+	secDirty   bool
+	MaxResults int `json:"max_results" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_MAX_RESULTS"`
+}
+
+// APIKey returns the Brave API key
+func (c *BraveConfig) APIKey() string {
+	if len(c.apiKeys) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return c.apiKeys[0]
+}
+
+// APIKeys returns the Brave API keys
+func (c *BraveConfig) APIKeys() []string {
+	return c.apiKeys
+}
+
+// SetAPIKey sets the Brave API key
+func (c *BraveConfig) SetAPIKey(key string) {
+	c.apiKeys = []string{key}
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
+// SetAPIKeys sets the Brave API keys
+func (c *BraveConfig) SetAPIKeys(keys []string) {
+	c.apiKeys = keys
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type TavilyConfig struct {
-	Enabled    bool     `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_TAVILY_ENABLED"`
-	APIKey     string   `json:"api_key"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_TAVILY_API_KEY"`
-	APIKeys    []string `json:"api_keys"    env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_TAVILY_API_KEYS"`
-	BaseURL    string   `json:"base_url"    env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_TAVILY_BASE_URL"`
-	MaxResults int      `json:"max_results" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_TAVILY_MAX_RESULTS"`
+	Enabled    bool `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_TAVILY_ENABLED"`
+	apiKeys    []string
+	secDirty   bool
+	BaseURL    string `json:"base_url"    env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_TAVILY_BASE_URL"`
+	MaxResults int    `json:"max_results" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_TAVILY_MAX_RESULTS"`
+}
+
+// APIKey returns the Tavily API key
+func (c *TavilyConfig) APIKey() string {
+	if len(c.apiKeys) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return c.apiKeys[0]
+}
+
+// APIKeys returns the Tavily API keys
+func (c *TavilyConfig) APIKeys() []string {
+	return c.apiKeys
+}
+
+// SetAPIKey sets the Tavily API key
+func (c *TavilyConfig) SetAPIKey(key string) {
+	c.apiKeys = []string{key}
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
+// SetAPIKeys sets the Tavily API keys
+func (c *TavilyConfig) SetAPIKeys(keys []string) {
+	c.apiKeys = keys
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type DuckDuckGoConfig struct {
@@ -718,10 +1000,35 @@ type DuckDuckGoConfig struct {
 }
 
 type PerplexityConfig struct {
-	Enabled    bool     `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PERPLEXITY_ENABLED"`
-	APIKey     string   `json:"api_key"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PERPLEXITY_API_KEY"`
-	APIKeys    []string `json:"api_keys"    env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PERPLEXITY_API_KEYS"`
-	MaxResults int      `json:"max_results" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PERPLEXITY_MAX_RESULTS"`
+	Enabled    bool `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PERPLEXITY_ENABLED"`
+	apiKeys    []string
+	secDirty   bool
+	MaxResults int `json:"max_results" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PERPLEXITY_MAX_RESULTS"`
+}
+
+// APIKey returns the Perplexity API key
+func (c *PerplexityConfig) APIKey() string {
+	if len(c.apiKeys) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return c.apiKeys[0]
+}
+
+// SetAPIKey sets the Perplexity API key
+func (c *PerplexityConfig) SetAPIKey(key string) {
+	c.apiKeys = []string{key}
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
+// APIKeys returns the Perplexity API keys
+func (c *PerplexityConfig) APIKeys() []string {
+	return c.apiKeys
+}
+
+// SetAPIKeys sets the Perplexity API keys
+func (c *PerplexityConfig) SetAPIKeys(keys []string) {
+	c.apiKeys = keys
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type SearXNGConfig struct {
@@ -731,23 +1038,54 @@ type SearXNGConfig struct {
 }
 
 type GLMSearchConfig struct {
-	Enabled bool   `json:"enabled"  env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_GLM_ENABLED"`
-	APIKey  string `json:"api_key"  env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_GLM_API_KEY"`
-	BaseURL string `json:"base_url" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_GLM_BASE_URL"`
+	Enabled  bool `json:"enabled"  env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_GLM_ENABLED"`
+	apiKey   string
+	secDirty bool
+	BaseURL  string `json:"base_url" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_GLM_BASE_URL"`
 	// SearchEngine specifies the search backend: "search_std" (default),
 	// "search_pro", "search_pro_sogou", or "search_pro_quark".
 	SearchEngine string `json:"search_engine" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_GLM_SEARCH_ENGINE"`
 	MaxResults   int    `json:"max_results"   env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_GLM_MAX_RESULTS"`
 }
 
+// APIKey returns the GLM search API key
+func (c *GLMSearchConfig) APIKey() string {
+	return c.apiKey
+}
+
+// SetAPIKey sets the GLM search API key (internal use only)
+func (c *GLMSearchConfig) SetAPIKey(key string) {
+	c.apiKey = key
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
+type BaiduSearchConfig struct {
+	Enabled    bool   `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BAIDU_ENABLED"`
+	BaseURL    string `json:"base_url"    env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BAIDU_BASE_URL"`
+	MaxResults int    `json:"max_results" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BAIDU_MAX_RESULTS"`
+	apiKey     string
+	secDirty   bool
+}
+
+// APIKey returns the Baidu search API key
+func (c *BaiduSearchConfig) APIKey() string {
+	return c.apiKey
+}
+
+func (c *BaiduSearchConfig) SetAPIKey(key string) {
+	c.apiKey = key
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
 type WebToolsConfig struct {
-	ToolConfig `                 envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_"`
-	Brave      BraveConfig      `                                json:"brave"`
-	Tavily     TavilyConfig     `                                json:"tavily"`
-	DuckDuckGo DuckDuckGoConfig `                                json:"duckduckgo"`
-	Perplexity PerplexityConfig `                                json:"perplexity"`
-	SearXNG    SearXNGConfig    `                                json:"searxng"`
-	GLMSearch  GLMSearchConfig  `                                json:"glm_search"`
+	ToolConfig  `                  envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_"`
+	Brave       BraveConfig       `                                json:"brave"`
+	Tavily      TavilyConfig      `                                json:"tavily"`
+	DuckDuckGo  DuckDuckGoConfig  `                                json:"duckduckgo"`
+	Perplexity  PerplexityConfig  `                                json:"perplexity"`
+	SearXNG     SearXNGConfig     `                                json:"searxng"`
+	GLMSearch   GLMSearchConfig   `                                json:"glm_search"`
+	BaiduSearch BaiduSearchConfig `                                json:"baidu_search"`
 	// PreferNative controls whether to use provider-native web search when
 	// the active LLM supports it (e.g. OpenAI web_search_preview). When true,
 	// the client-side web_search tool is hidden to avoid duplicate search surfaces,
@@ -797,8 +1135,16 @@ type ReadFileToolConfig struct {
 }
 
 type ToolsConfig struct {
-	AllowReadPaths  []string           `json:"allow_read_paths"  env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_ALLOW_READ_PATHS"`
-	AllowWritePaths []string           `json:"allow_write_paths" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_ALLOW_WRITE_PATHS"`
+	AllowReadPaths  []string `json:"allow_read_paths"  env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_ALLOW_READ_PATHS"`
+	AllowWritePaths []string `json:"allow_write_paths" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_ALLOW_WRITE_PATHS"`
+	// FilterSensitiveData controls whether to filter sensitive values (API keys,
+	// tokens, secrets) from tool results before sending to the LLM.
+	// Default: true (enabled)
+	FilterSensitiveData bool `json:"filter_sensitive_data" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_FILTER_SENSITIVE_DATA"`
+	// FilterMinLength is the minimum content length required for filtering.
+	// Content shorter than this will be returned unchanged for performance.
+	// Default: 8
+	FilterMinLength int                `json:"filter_min_length" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_FILTER_MIN_LENGTH"`
 	Web             WebToolsConfig     `json:"web"`
 	Cron            CronToolsConfig    `json:"cron"`
 	Exec            ExecConfig         `json:"exec"`
@@ -822,6 +1168,19 @@ type ToolsConfig struct {
 	WriteFile       ToolConfig         `json:"write_file"                                               envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WRITE_FILE_"`
 }
 
+// IsFilterSensitiveDataEnabled returns true if sensitive data filtering is enabled
+func (c *ToolsConfig) IsFilterSensitiveDataEnabled() bool {
+	return c.FilterSensitiveData
+}
+
+// GetFilterMinLength returns the minimum content length for filtering (default: 8)
+func (c *ToolsConfig) GetFilterMinLength() int {
+	if c.FilterMinLength <= 0 {
+		return 8
+	}
+	return c.FilterMinLength
+}
+
 type SearchCacheConfig struct {
 	MaxSize    int `json:"max_size"    env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_SEARCH_CACHE_MAX_SIZE"`
 	TTLSeconds int `json:"ttl_seconds" env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_SEARCH_CACHE_TTL_SECONDS"`
@@ -832,14 +1191,27 @@ type SkillsRegistriesConfig struct {
 }
 
 type SkillsGithubConfig struct {
-	Token string `json:"token,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SKILLS_GITHUB_AUTH_TOKEN"`
-	Proxy string `json:"proxy,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SKILLS_GITHUB_PROXY"`
+	token    string
+	secDirty bool
+	Proxy    string `json:"proxy,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SKILLS_GITHUB_PROXY"`
+}
+
+// Token returns the GitHub token
+func (c *SkillsGithubConfig) Token() string {
+	return c.token
+}
+
+// SetToken sets the GitHub token
+func (c *SkillsGithubConfig) SetToken(token string) {
+	c.token = token
+	c.secDirty = true
 }
 
 type ClawHubRegistryConfig struct {
 	Enabled         bool   `json:"enabled"           env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_REGISTRIES_CLAWHUB_ENABLED"`
 	BaseURL         string `json:"base_url"          env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_REGISTRIES_CLAWHUB_BASE_URL"`
-	AuthToken       string `json:"auth_token"        env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_REGISTRIES_CLAWHUB_AUTH_TOKEN"`
+	authToken       string
+	secDirty        bool
 	SearchPath      string `json:"search_path"       env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_REGISTRIES_CLAWHUB_SEARCH_PATH"`
 	SkillsPath      string `json:"skills_path"       env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_REGISTRIES_CLAWHUB_SKILLS_PATH"`
 	DownloadPath    string `json:"download_path"     env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_REGISTRIES_CLAWHUB_DOWNLOAD_PATH"`
@@ -848,6 +1220,17 @@ type ClawHubRegistryConfig struct {
 	MaxResponseSize int    `json:"max_response_size" env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_REGISTRIES_CLAWHUB_MAX_RESPONSE_SIZE"`
 }
 
+// AuthToken returns the ClawHub auth token
+func (c *ClawHubRegistryConfig) AuthToken() string {
+	return c.authToken
+}
+
+// SetAuthToken sets the ClawHub auth token
+func (c *ClawHubRegistryConfig) SetAuthToken(token string) {
+	c.authToken = token
+	c.secDirty = true
+}
+
 // MCPServerConfig defines configuration for a single MCP server
 type MCPServerConfig struct {
 	// Enabled indicates whether this MCP server is active
@@ -881,40 +1264,107 @@ type MCPConfig struct {
 }
 
 func LoadConfig(path string) (*Config, error) {
-	cfg := DefaultConfig()
-
+	logger.Debugf("loading config from %s", path)
 	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return cfg, nil
+			logger.WarnF("config file not found, using default config", map[string]any{"path": path})
+			return DefaultConfig(), nil
 		}
+		logger.Errorf("failed to read config file: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	// Pre-scan the JSON to check how many model_list entries the user provided.
-	// Go's JSON decoder reuses existing slice backing-array elements rather than
-	// zero-initializing them, so fields absent from the user's JSON (e.g. api_base)
-	// would silently inherit values from the DefaultConfig template at the same
-	// index position. We only reset cfg.ModelList when the user actually provides
-	// entries; when count is 0 we keep DefaultConfig's built-in list as fallback.
-	var tmp Config
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tmp); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	// First, try to detect config version by reading the version field
+	var versionInfo struct {
+		Version int `json:"version"`
 	}
-	if len(tmp.ModelList) > 0 {
-		cfg.ModelList = nil
+	if e := json.Unmarshal(data, &versionInfo); e != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to detect config version: %w", e)
+	}
+	if len(data) <= 10 {
+		logger.Warn(fmt.Sprintf("content is [%s]", string(data)))
+		return DefaultConfig().WithSecurity(&SecurityConfig{}), nil
 	}
 
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, cfg); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	// Load config based on detected version
+	var cfg *Config
+	switch versionInfo.Version {
+	case 0:
+		logger.InfoF("config migrate start", map[string]any{"from": versionInfo.Version, "to": CurrentVersion})
+		// Legacy config (no version field)
+		v, e := loadConfigV0(data)
+		if e != nil {
+			return nil, e
+		}
+		cfg, e = v.Migrate()
+		if e != nil {
+			logger.ErrorF("config migrate fail", map[string]any{"from": versionInfo.Version, "to": CurrentVersion})
+			return nil, e
+		}
+		logger.InfoF("config migrate success", map[string]any{"from": versionInfo.Version, "to": CurrentVersion})
+		err = makeBackup(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// Load existing security config and merge with migrated one to prevent data loss
+		existingSec, secErr := loadSecurityConfig(securityPath(path))
+		if secErr != nil {
+			logger.WarnF("failed to load existing security config during migration", map[string]any{"error": secErr})
+		}
+		if existingSec != nil && cfg.security != nil {
+			cfg.security = mergeSecurityConfig(existingSec, cfg.security)
+			// Re-apply the merged security config to update all channels and models
+			if err = applySecurityConfig(cfg, cfg.security); err != nil {
+				logger.WarnF("failed to re-apply merged security config during migration", map[string]any{"error": err})
+			}
+		}
+		defer func(cfg *Config) {
+			_ = SaveConfig(path, cfg)
+		}(cfg)
+	case CurrentVersion:
+		// Current version
+		cfg, err = loadConfig(data)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// Legacy config (no version field)
+		tmpCfg, e := loadConfigV0(data)
+		if e != nil {
+			return nil, e
+		}
+
+		tmpCfgMigrated, e := tmpCfg.Migrate()
+		if e != nil {
+			logger.ErrorF("config migrate fail", map[string]any{"from": versionInfo.Version, "to": CurrentVersion})
+			return nil, e
+		}
+
+		// Load security configuration from .security.yml
+		secPath := securityPath(path)
+		sec, err := loadSecurityConfig(secPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load security config: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// Merge security configs: config.json takes precedence over .security.yml
+		if err := applySecurityConfigWithPrecedence(cfg, tmpCfgMigrated, sec); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to merge security config: %w", err)
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported config version: %d", versionInfo.Version)
 	}
 
 	if passphrase := credential.PassphraseProvider(); passphrase != "" {
 		for _, m := range cfg.ModelList {
-			if m.APIKey != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(m.APIKey, "enc://") && !strings.HasPrefix(m.APIKey, "file://") {
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr,
-					"picoclaw: warning: model %q has a plaintext api_key; call SaveConfig to encrypt it\n",
-					m.ModelName)
+			for _, k := range m.apiKeys {
+				if k != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(k, "enc://") && !strings.HasPrefix(k, "file://") {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr,
+						"picoclaw: warning: model %q has a plaintext api_key; call SaveConfig to encrypt it\n",
+						m.ModelName)
+					break // Only warn once per model
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -927,55 +1377,276 @@ func LoadConfig(path string) (*Config, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	// Resolve security fields like authToken that may contain file:// references
+	if err := resolveSecurityFields(cfg, filepath.Dir(path)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	// Expand multi-key configs into separate entries for key-level failover
-	cfg.ModelList = ExpandMultiKeyModels(cfg.ModelList)
+	cfg.ModelList = expandMultiKeyModels(cfg.ModelList)
 
 	// Migrate legacy channel config fields to new unified structures
 	cfg.migrateChannelConfigs()
 
-	// Auto-migrate: if only legacy providers config exists, convert to model_list
-	if len(cfg.ModelList) == 0 && cfg.HasProvidersConfig() {
-		cfg.ModelList = ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
-	}
-
-	// Inherit credentials from providers to model_list entries (#1635).
-	// When both providers and model_list are present, model_list entries
-	// whose api_key/api_base are empty will inherit from the matching
-	// provider (matched by protocol prefix).  Explicit model_list values
-	// always take precedence.
-	if cfg.HasProvidersConfig() {
-		InheritProviderCredentials(cfg.ModelList, cfg.Providers)
-	}
-
 	// Validate model_list for uniqueness and required fields
 	if err := cfg.ValidateModelList(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	// Ensure Workspace has a default if not set
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace == "" {
+		homePath, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+		if picoclawHome := os.Getenv(EnvHome); picoclawHome != "" {
+			homePath = picoclawHome
+		} else if homePath != "" {
+			homePath = filepath.Join(homePath, pkg.DefaultPicoClawHome)
+		}
+		cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace = filepath.Join(homePath, pkg.WorkspaceName)
+	}
+
 	return cfg, nil
 }
 
+func makeBackup(path string) error {
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Create backup of the config file before migration
+	bakPath := path + ".bak"
+	if err := fileutil.CopyFile(path, bakPath, 0o600); err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorF("failed to create config backup", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create config backup: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func copyArray[T any](dst, src *[]T) {
+	*dst = make([]T, len(*src))
+	copy(*dst, *src)
+}
+
+// applySecurityConfig resolves all security references in config
+// It checks each field for "ref:" prefixed values and resolves them from .security.yml
+func applySecurityConfig(cfg *Config, sec *SecurityConfig) error {
+	if sec == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if sec.Web != nil {
+		if sec.Web.Brave != nil && len(sec.Web.Brave.APIKeys) > 0 {
+			copyArray(&cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.apiKeys, &sec.Web.Brave.APIKeys)
+		}
+
+		if sec.Web.Tavily != nil && len(sec.Web.Tavily.APIKeys) > 0 {
+			copyArray(&cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.apiKeys, &sec.Web.Tavily.APIKeys)
+		}
+
+		if sec.Web.Perplexity != nil && len(sec.Web.Perplexity.APIKeys) > 0 {
+			copyArray(&cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.apiKeys, &sec.Web.Perplexity.APIKeys)
+		}
+
+		if sec.Web.GLMSearch != nil && sec.Web.GLMSearch.APIKey != "" {
+			cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.apiKey = sec.Web.GLMSearch.APIKey
+		}
+
+		if sec.Web.BaiduSearch != nil && sec.Web.BaiduSearch.APIKey != "" {
+			cfg.Tools.Web.BaiduSearch.apiKey = sec.Web.BaiduSearch.APIKey
+		}
+	}
+
+	if sec.Skills != nil {
+		if sec.Skills.Github != nil && sec.Skills.Github.Token != "" {
+			cfg.Tools.Skills.Github.token = sec.Skills.Github.Token
+		}
+
+		if sec.Skills.ClawHub != nil && sec.Skills.ClawHub.AuthToken != "" {
+			cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub.authToken = sec.Skills.ClawHub.AuthToken
+		}
+	}
+
+	names := toNameIndex(cfg.ModelList)
+	for i, model := range cfg.ModelList {
+		// Try exact match first (e.g., "abc:0" -> "abc:0")
+		if entry, exists := sec.ModelList[names[i]]; exists {
+			copyArray(&model.apiKeys, &entry.APIKeys)
+			model.secModelName = names[i]
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Try match without index suffix (e.g., "abc" -> "abc")
+		// This allows .security.yml to use simpler keys like "test-model" instead of "test-model:0"
+		baseName := model.ModelName
+		if entry, exists := sec.ModelList[baseName]; exists {
+			copyArray(&model.apiKeys, &entry.APIKeys)
+			model.secModelName = baseName
+			continue
+		}
+	}
+
+	if sec.Channels != nil {
+		// Handle Telegram token
+		if sec.Channels.Telegram != nil && sec.Channels.Telegram.Token != "" {
+			cfg.Channels.Telegram.token = sec.Channels.Telegram.Token
+		}
+
+		// Handle Feishu credentials
+		if sec.Channels.Feishu != nil {
+			if sec.Channels.Feishu.AppSecret != "" {
+				cfg.Channels.Feishu.appSecret = sec.Channels.Feishu.AppSecret
+			}
+			if sec.Channels.Feishu.EncryptKey != "" {
+				cfg.Channels.Feishu.encryptKey = sec.Channels.Feishu.EncryptKey
+			}
+			if sec.Channels.Feishu.VerificationToken != "" {
+				cfg.Channels.Feishu.verificationToken = sec.Channels.Feishu.VerificationToken
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Handle Discord token
+		if sec.Channels.Discord != nil && sec.Channels.Discord.Token != "" {
+			cfg.Channels.Discord.token = sec.Channels.Discord.Token
+		}
+
+		// Handle Weixin token
+		if sec.Channels.Weixin != nil && sec.Channels.Weixin.Token != "" {
+			cfg.Channels.Weixin.token = sec.Channels.Weixin.Token
+		}
+
+		// Handle DingTalk client secret
+		if sec.Channels.DingTalk != nil && sec.Channels.DingTalk.ClientSecret != "" {
+			cfg.Channels.DingTalk.clientSecret = sec.Channels.DingTalk.ClientSecret
+		}
+
+		// Handle Slack tokens
+		if sec.Channels.Slack != nil {
+			if sec.Channels.Slack.BotToken != "" {
+				cfg.Channels.Slack.botToken = sec.Channels.Slack.BotToken
+			}
+			if sec.Channels.Slack.AppToken != "" {
+				cfg.Channels.Slack.appToken = sec.Channels.Slack.AppToken
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Handle Matrix access token
+		if sec.Channels.Matrix != nil && sec.Channels.Matrix.AccessToken != "" {
+			cfg.Channels.Matrix.accessToken = sec.Channels.Matrix.AccessToken
+		}
+
+		// Handle LINE credentials
+		if sec.Channels.LINE != nil {
+			if sec.Channels.LINE.ChannelSecret != "" {
+				cfg.Channels.LINE.channelSecret = sec.Channels.LINE.ChannelSecret
+			}
+			if sec.Channels.LINE.ChannelAccessToken != "" {
+				cfg.Channels.LINE.channelAccessToken = sec.Channels.LINE.ChannelAccessToken
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Handle OneBot access token
+		if sec.Channels.OneBot != nil && sec.Channels.OneBot.AccessToken != "" {
+			cfg.Channels.OneBot.accessToken = sec.Channels.OneBot.AccessToken
+		}
+
+		// Handle WeCom bot secret
+		if sec.Channels.WeCom != nil {
+			if sec.Channels.WeCom.Secret != "" {
+				cfg.Channels.WeCom.secret = sec.Channels.WeCom.Secret
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Handle Pico channel token
+		if sec.Channels.Pico != nil && sec.Channels.Pico.Token != "" {
+			cfg.Channels.Pico.token = sec.Channels.Pico.Token
+		}
+
+		// Handle IRC passwords
+		if sec.Channels.IRC != nil {
+			if sec.Channels.IRC.Password != "" {
+				cfg.Channels.IRC.password = sec.Channels.IRC.Password
+			}
+			if sec.Channels.IRC.NickServPassword != "" {
+				cfg.Channels.IRC.nickServPassword = sec.Channels.IRC.NickServPassword
+			}
+			if sec.Channels.IRC.SASLPassword != "" {
+				cfg.Channels.IRC.saslPassword = sec.Channels.IRC.SASLPassword
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Handle QQ app secret
+		if sec.Channels.QQ != nil && sec.Channels.QQ.AppSecret != "" {
+			cfg.Channels.QQ.appSecret = sec.Channels.QQ.AppSecret
+		}
+	}
+
+	cfg.security = sec
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// applySecurityConfigWithPrecedence merges security config from tmpCfg (migrated from configV0) and sec (SecurityConfig),
+// with tmpCfg taking precedence. It then applies the merged security config to cfg.
+func applySecurityConfigWithPrecedence(cfg *Config, tmpCfg *Config, sec *SecurityConfig) error {
+	// Get security config from tmpCfg (already extracted during migration)
+	var tmpSec *SecurityConfig
+	if tmpCfg != nil {
+		tmpSec = tmpCfg.security
+	}
+
+	// If tmpCfg has no security config, just apply sec directly
+	if tmpSec == nil {
+		return applySecurityConfig(cfg, sec)
+	}
+
+	// Merge sec and tmpSec, with tmpSec (from config.json) taking precedence
+	// mergeSecurityConfig(existing, newer) - newer takes precedence
+	mergedSec := mergeSecurityConfig(sec, tmpSec)
+
+	// Apply the merged security config to cfg
+	return applySecurityConfig(cfg, mergedSec)
+}
+
+func toNameIndex(list []*ModelConfig) []string {
+	nameList := make([]string, 0, len(list))
+	countMap := make(map[string]int)
+	for _, model := range list {
+		name := model.ModelName
+		index := countMap[name]
+		nameList = append(nameList, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", name, index))
+		countMap[name]++
+	}
+	return nameList
+}
+
 // encryptPlaintextAPIKeys returns a copy of models with plaintext api_key values
 // encrypted. Returns (nil, nil) when nothing changed (all keys already sealed or
 // empty). Returns (nil, error) if any key fails to encrypt — callers must treat
 // this as a hard failure to prevent a mixed plaintext/ciphertext state on disk.
 // Symmetric counterpart of resolveAPIKeys: both operate purely on []ModelConfig
 // and leave JSON marshaling to the caller.
-func encryptPlaintextAPIKeys(models []ModelConfig, passphrase string) ([]ModelConfig, error) {
-	sealed := make([]ModelConfig, len(models))
-	copy(sealed, models)
+func encryptPlaintextAPIKeys(
+	models map[string]ModelSecurityEntry,
+	passphrase string,
+) (map[string]ModelSecurityEntry, error) {
+	sealed := make(map[string]ModelSecurityEntry, len(models))
 	changed := false
-	for i := range sealed {
-		m := &sealed[i]
-		if m.APIKey == "" || strings.HasPrefix(m.APIKey, "enc://") || strings.HasPrefix(m.APIKey, "file://") {
-			continue
+	for k, m := range models {
+		sealedEntry := ModelSecurityEntry{APIKeys: make([]string, len(m.APIKeys))}
+
+		// Encrypt each key in APIKeys
+		for i, key := range m.APIKeys {
+			if key == "" || strings.HasPrefix(key, "enc://") || strings.HasPrefix(key, "file://") {
+				sealedEntry.APIKeys[i] = key
+				continue
+			}
+			encrypted, err := credential.Encrypt(passphrase, "", key)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot seal api_key for model %q: %w", k, err)
+			}
+			sealedEntry.APIKeys[i] = encrypted
+			changed = true
 		}
-		encrypted, err := credential.Encrypt(passphrase, "", m.APIKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot seal api_key for model %q: %w", m.ModelName, err)
-		}
-		m.APIKey = encrypted
-		changed = true
+
+		sealed[k] = sealedEntry
 	}
 	if !changed {
 		return nil, nil
@@ -985,24 +1656,22 @@ func encryptPlaintextAPIKeys(models []ModelConfig, passphrase string) ([]ModelCo
 
 // resolveAPIKeys decrypts or dereferences each api_key in models in-place.
 // Supports plaintext (no-op), file:// (read from configDir), and enc:// (AES-GCM decrypt).
-// Also resolves api_keys array if present.
-func resolveAPIKeys(models []ModelConfig, configDir string) error {
+func resolveAPIKeys(models []*ModelConfig, configDir string) error {
 	cr := credential.NewResolver(configDir)
 	for i := range models {
-		// Resolve single APIKey
-		resolved, err := cr.Resolve(models[i].APIKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("model_list[%d] (%s): %w", i, models[i].ModelName, err)
-		}
-		models[i].APIKey = resolved
-
 		// Resolve APIKeys array
-		for j, key := range models[i].APIKeys {
+		for j, key := range models[i].apiKeys {
 			resolved, err := cr.Resolve(key)
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("model_list[%d] (%s): api_keys[%d]: %w", i, models[i].ModelName, j, err)
+				return fmt.Errorf(
+					"model_list[%d] (%s): api_keys[%d]: %w",
+					i,
+					models[i].ModelName,
+					j,
+					err,
+				)
 			}
-			models[i].APIKeys[j] = resolved
+			models[i].apiKeys[j] = resolved
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -1022,22 +1691,190 @@ func (c *Config) migrateChannelConfigs() {
 }
 
 func SaveConfig(path string, cfg *Config) error {
+	if cfg.security == nil {
+		logger.Errorf("config %#v", *cfg)
+		if len(cfg.ModelList) > 0 {
+			logger.Errorf("model[0] %#v", cfg.ModelList[0])
+		}
+		logger.ErrorC("config", "security is nil")
+		return fmt.Errorf("security is nil")
+	}
+	cfg.security = normalizeSecurityConfig(cfg.security)
+	// Ensure version is always set when saving
+	if cfg.Version == 0 {
+		cfg.Version = CurrentVersion
+	}
+	names := toNameIndex(cfg.ModelList)
+	for i, m := range cfg.ModelList {
+		if m.secDirty {
+			if m.secModelName == "" {
+				m.secModelName = names[i]
+			}
+			cfg.security.ModelList[m.secModelName] = ModelSecurityEntry{
+				APIKeys: m.apiKeys,
+			}
+			m.secDirty = false
+		}
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.Pico.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Channels.Pico = &PicoSecurity{
+			Token: cfg.Channels.Pico.Token(),
+		}
+		cfg.Channels.Pico.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.IRC.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Channels.IRC = &IRCSecurity{
+			Password:         cfg.Channels.IRC.password,
+			NickServPassword: cfg.Channels.IRC.nickServPassword,
+			SASLPassword:     cfg.Channels.IRC.saslPassword,
+		}
+		cfg.Channels.IRC.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.Telegram.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Channels.Telegram = &TelegramSecurity{
+			Token: cfg.Channels.Telegram.Token(),
+		}
+		cfg.Channels.Telegram.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.Feishu.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Channels.Feishu = &FeishuSecurity{
+			AppSecret:         cfg.Channels.Feishu.AppSecret(),
+			EncryptKey:        cfg.Channels.Feishu.EncryptKey(),
+			VerificationToken: cfg.Channels.Feishu.VerificationToken(),
+		}
+		cfg.Channels.Feishu.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.Discord.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Channels.Discord = &DiscordSecurity{
+			Token: cfg.Channels.Discord.Token(),
+		}
+		cfg.Channels.Discord.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.Weixin.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Channels.Weixin = &WeixinSecurity{
+			Token: cfg.Channels.Weixin.Token(),
+		}
+		cfg.Channels.Discord.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.QQ.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Channels.QQ = &QQSecurity{
+			AppSecret: cfg.Channels.QQ.AppSecret(),
+		}
+		cfg.Channels.QQ.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.DingTalk.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Channels.DingTalk = &DingTalkSecurity{
+			ClientSecret: cfg.Channels.DingTalk.ClientSecret(),
+		}
+		cfg.Channels.DingTalk.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.Slack.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Channels.Slack = &SlackSecurity{
+			BotToken: cfg.Channels.Slack.BotToken(),
+			AppToken: cfg.Channels.Slack.AppToken(),
+		}
+		cfg.Channels.Slack.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.Matrix.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Channels.Matrix = &MatrixSecurity{
+			AccessToken: cfg.Channels.Matrix.AccessToken(),
+		}
+		cfg.Channels.Matrix.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.LINE.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Channels.LINE = &LINESecurity{
+			ChannelSecret:      cfg.Channels.LINE.ChannelSecret(),
+			ChannelAccessToken: cfg.Channels.LINE.ChannelAccessToken(),
+		}
+		cfg.Channels.LINE.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.OneBot.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Channels.OneBot = &OneBotSecurity{
+			AccessToken: cfg.Channels.OneBot.AccessToken(),
+		}
+		cfg.Channels.OneBot.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.WeCom.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Channels.WeCom = &WeComSecurity{
+			Secret: cfg.Channels.WeCom.Secret(),
+		}
+		cfg.Channels.WeCom.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Web.Brave = &BraveSecurity{
+			APIKeys: cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKeys(),
+		}
+		cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Web.Tavily = &TavilySecurity{
+			APIKeys: cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.APIKeys(),
+		}
+		cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Web.Perplexity = &PerplexitySecurity{
+			APIKeys: cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.APIKeys(),
+		}
+		cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Web.GLMSearch = &GLMSearchSecurity{
+			APIKey: cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.APIKey(),
+		}
+		cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Tools.Web.BaiduSearch.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Web.BaiduSearch = &BaiduSearchSecurity{
+			APIKey: cfg.Tools.Web.BaiduSearch.APIKey(),
+		}
+		cfg.Tools.Web.BaiduSearch.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Tools.Skills.Github.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Skills.Github = &GithubSecurity{
+			Token: cfg.Tools.Skills.Github.Token(),
+		}
+		cfg.Tools.Skills.Github.secDirty = false
+	}
+	if cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub.secDirty {
+		cfg.security.Skills.ClawHub = &ClawHubSecurity{
+			AuthToken: cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub.AuthToken(),
+		}
+		cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub.secDirty = false
+	}
+
 	if passphrase := credential.PassphraseProvider(); passphrase != "" {
-		sealed, err := encryptPlaintextAPIKeys(cfg.ModelList, passphrase)
+		sealed, err := encryptPlaintextAPIKeys(cfg.security.ModelList, passphrase)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		if sealed != nil {
-			tmp := *cfg
-			tmp.ModelList = sealed
-			cfg = &tmp
+			cfg.security.ModelList = sealed
 		}
 	}
+	if err := saveSecurityConfig(securityPath(path), cfg.security); err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("config", "cannot save .security.yml", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Filter out virtual models before serializing to config file
+	nonVirtualModels := make([]*ModelConfig, 0, len(cfg.ModelList))
+	for _, m := range cfg.ModelList {
+		if !m.isVirtual {
+			nonVirtualModels = append(nonVirtualModels, m)
+		}
+	}
+	// Temporarily replace ModelList with filtered version for serialization
+	originalModelList := cfg.ModelList
+	cfg.ModelList = nonVirtualModels
 
 	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(cfg, "", "  ")
+	// Restore original ModelList after serialization
+	cfg.ModelList = originalModelList
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	logger.Infof("saving config to %s", path)
 	return fileutil.WriteFileAtomic(path, data, 0o600)
 }
 
@@ -1045,53 +1882,6 @@ func (c *Config) WorkspacePath() string {
 	return expandHome(c.Agents.Defaults.Workspace)
 }
 
-func (c *Config) GetAPIKey() string {
-	if c.Providers.OpenRouter.APIKey != "" {
-		return c.Providers.OpenRouter.APIKey
-	}
-	if c.Providers.Anthropic.APIKey != "" {
-		return c.Providers.Anthropic.APIKey
-	}
-	if c.Providers.OpenAI.APIKey != "" {
-		return c.Providers.OpenAI.APIKey
-	}
-	if c.Providers.Gemini.APIKey != "" {
-		return c.Providers.Gemini.APIKey
-	}
-	if c.Providers.Zhipu.APIKey != "" {
-		return c.Providers.Zhipu.APIKey
-	}
-	if c.Providers.Groq.APIKey != "" {
-		return c.Providers.Groq.APIKey
-	}
-	if c.Providers.VLLM.APIKey != "" {
-		return c.Providers.VLLM.APIKey
-	}
-	if c.Providers.ShengSuanYun.APIKey != "" {
-		return c.Providers.ShengSuanYun.APIKey
-	}
-	if c.Providers.Cerebras.APIKey != "" {
-		return c.Providers.Cerebras.APIKey
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-func (c *Config) GetAPIBase() string {
-	if c.Providers.OpenRouter.APIKey != "" {
-		if c.Providers.OpenRouter.APIBase != "" {
-			return c.Providers.OpenRouter.APIBase
-		}
-		return "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1"
-	}
-	if c.Providers.Zhipu.APIKey != "" {
-		return c.Providers.Zhipu.APIBase
-	}
-	if c.Providers.VLLM.APIKey != "" && c.Providers.VLLM.APIBase != "" {
-		return c.Providers.VLLM.APIBase
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
 func expandHome(path string) string {
 	if path == "" {
 		return path
@@ -1115,17 +1905,17 @@ func (c *Config) GetModelConfig(modelName string) (*ModelConfig, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("model %q not found in model_list or providers", modelName)
 	}
 	if len(matches) == 1 {
-		return &matches[0], nil
+		return matches[0], nil
 	}
 
 	// Multiple configs - use round-robin for load balancing
 	idx := (rrCounter.Add(1) - 1) % uint64(len(matches))
-	return &matches[idx], nil
+	return matches[idx], nil
 }
 
 // findMatches finds all ModelConfig entries with the given model_name.
-func (c *Config) findMatches(modelName string) []ModelConfig {
-	var matches []ModelConfig
+func (c *Config) findMatches(modelName string) []*ModelConfig {
+	var matches []*ModelConfig
 	for i := range c.ModelList {
 		if c.ModelList[i].ModelName == modelName {
 			matches = append(matches, c.ModelList[i])
@@ -1134,11 +1924,6 @@ func (c *Config) findMatches(modelName string) []ModelConfig {
 	return matches
 }
 
-// HasProvidersConfig checks if any provider in the old providers config has configuration.
-func (c *Config) HasProvidersConfig() bool {
-	return !c.Providers.IsEmpty()
-}
-
 // ValidateModelList validates all ModelConfig entries in the model_list.
 // It checks that each model config is valid.
 // Note: Multiple entries with the same model_name are allowed for load balancing.
@@ -1151,6 +1936,21 @@ func (c *Config) ValidateModelList() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (c *Config) SecurityCopyFrom(cfg *Config) {
+	c.security = cfg.security
+	if c.security != nil {
+		if err := applySecurityConfig(c, c.security); err != nil {
+			logger.Errorf("failed to apply security config in SecurityCopyFrom: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// ApplySecurity re-applies the stored security config to populate private fields (tokens, API keys, etc.).
+// Call this after SecurityCopyFrom when you need private fields to be accessible for validation or use.
+func (c *Config) ApplySecurity() error {
+	return applySecurityConfig(c, c.security)
+}
+
 func MergeAPIKeys(apiKey string, apiKeys []string) []string {
 	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
 	var all []string
@@ -1174,28 +1974,92 @@ func MergeAPIKeys(apiKey string, apiKeys []string) []string {
 	return all
 }
 
-// ExpandMultiKeyModels expands ModelConfig entries with multiple API keys into
+// resolveSecurityFields resolves file:// and enc:// references in security-sensitive fields
+// like authToken and token that are not part of ModelConfig's apiKeys
+func resolveSecurityFields(cfg *Config, configDir string) error {
+	cr := credential.NewResolver(configDir)
+
+	// Resolve Web tool API keys - set apiKey field to first resolved apiKeys entry
+	if len(cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.apiKeys) > 0 {
+		keys := cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.apiKeys
+		for i, key := range keys {
+			resolved, err := cr.Resolve(key)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("brave api_keys[%d]: %w", i, err)
+			}
+			keys[i] = resolved
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.apiKeys) > 0 {
+		keys := cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.apiKeys
+		for i, key := range keys {
+			resolved, err := cr.Resolve(key)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("tavily api_keys[%d]: %w", i, err)
+			}
+			keys[i] = resolved
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.apiKeys) > 0 {
+		keys := cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.apiKeys
+		for i, key := range keys {
+			resolved, err := cr.Resolve(key)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("perplexity api_keys[%d]: %w", i, err)
+			}
+			keys[i] = resolved
+		}
+	}
+
+	// GLMSearch has a private apiKey field
+	if cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.apiKey != "" {
+		resolved, err := cr.Resolve(cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.apiKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("glm api_key: %w", err)
+		}
+		cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.apiKey = resolved
+	}
+
+	// Resolve Skills tokens
+	if cfg.Tools.Skills.Github.token != "" {
+		resolved, err := cr.Resolve(cfg.Tools.Skills.Github.token)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("github token: %w", err)
+		}
+		cfg.Tools.Skills.Github.token = resolved
+	}
+
+	if cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub.authToken != "" {
+		resolved, err := cr.Resolve(cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub.authToken)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("clawhub auth_token: %w", err)
+		}
+		cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub.authToken = resolved
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// expandMultiKeyModels expands ModelConfig entries with multiple API keys into
 // separate entries for key-level failover. Each key gets its own ModelConfig entry,
 // and the original entry's fallbacks are set up to chain through the expanded entries.
 //
 // Example: {"model_name": "gpt-4", "api_keys": ["k1", "k2", "k3"]}
 // Becomes:
-//   - {"model_name": "gpt-4", "api_key": "k1", "fallbacks": ["gpt-4__key_1", "gpt-4__key_2"]}
-//   - {"model_name": "gpt-4__key_1", "api_key": "k2"}
-//   - {"model_name": "gpt-4__key_2", "api_key": "k3"}
-func ExpandMultiKeyModels(models []ModelConfig) []ModelConfig {
-	var expanded []ModelConfig
+//   - {"model_name": "gpt-4", "api_keys": ["k1"], "fallbacks": ["gpt-4__key_1", "gpt-4__key_2"]}
+//   - {"model_name": "gpt-4__key_1", "api_keys": {"k2"}}
+//   - {"model_name": "gpt-4__key_2", "api_keys": {"k3"}}
+func expandMultiKeyModels(models []*ModelConfig) []*ModelConfig {
+	var expanded []*ModelConfig
 
 	for _, m := range models {
-		keys := MergeAPIKeys(m.APIKey, m.APIKeys)
+		keys := MergeAPIKeys("", m.apiKeys)
 
 		// Single key or no keys: keep as-is
 		if len(keys) <= 1 {
-			// Ensure APIKey is set from APIKeys if needed
-			if m.APIKey == "" && len(keys) == 1 {
-				m.APIKey = keys[0]
-			}
-			m.APIKeys = nil // Clear APIKeys to avoid confusion
+			m.apiKeys = keys
 			expanded = append(expanded, m)
 			continue
 		}
@@ -1210,11 +2074,11 @@ func ExpandMultiKeyModels(models []ModelConfig) []ModelConfig {
 			expandedName := originalName + suffix
 
 			// Create a copy for the additional key
-			additionalEntry := ModelConfig{
+			additionalEntry := &ModelConfig{
 				ModelName:      expandedName,
 				Model:          m.Model,
 				APIBase:        m.APIBase,
-				APIKey:         keys[i],
+				apiKeys:        []string{keys[i]},
 				Proxy:          m.Proxy,
 				AuthMethod:     m.AuthMethod,
 				ConnectMode:    m.ConnectMode,
@@ -1223,17 +2087,18 @@ func ExpandMultiKeyModels(models []ModelConfig) []ModelConfig {
 				MaxTokensField: m.MaxTokensField,
 				RequestTimeout: m.RequestTimeout,
 				ThinkingLevel:  m.ThinkingLevel,
+				ExtraBody:      m.ExtraBody,
+				isVirtual:      true,
 			}
 			expanded = append(expanded, additionalEntry)
 			fallbackNames = append(fallbackNames, expandedName)
 		}
 
 		// Create the primary entry with first key and fallbacks
-		primaryEntry := ModelConfig{
+		primaryEntry := &ModelConfig{
 			ModelName:      originalName,
 			Model:          m.Model,
 			APIBase:        m.APIBase,
-			APIKey:         keys[0],
 			Proxy:          m.Proxy,
 			AuthMethod:     m.AuthMethod,
 			ConnectMode:    m.ConnectMode,
@@ -1242,6 +2107,8 @@ func ExpandMultiKeyModels(models []ModelConfig) []ModelConfig {
 			MaxTokensField: m.MaxTokensField,
 			RequestTimeout: m.RequestTimeout,
 			ThinkingLevel:  m.ThinkingLevel,
+			ExtraBody:      m.ExtraBody,
+			apiKeys:        []string{keys[0]},
 		}
 
 		// Prepend new fallbacks to existing ones
diff --git a/pkg/config/config_old.go b/pkg/config/config_old.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad31833a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/config/config_old.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1060 @@
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+)
+
+type agentDefaultsV0 struct {
+	Workspace                 string         `json:"workspace"                       env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_WORKSPACE"`
+	RestrictToWorkspace       bool           `json:"restrict_to_workspace"           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_RESTRICT_TO_WORKSPACE"`
+	AllowReadOutsideWorkspace bool           `json:"allow_read_outside_workspace"    env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_ALLOW_READ_OUTSIDE_WORKSPACE"`
+	Provider                  string         `json:"provider"                        env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_PROVIDER"`
+	ModelName                 string         `json:"model_name,omitempty"            env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MODEL_NAME"`
+	Model                     string         `json:"model"                           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MODEL"` // Deprecated: use model_name instead
+	ModelFallbacks            []string       `json:"model_fallbacks,omitempty"`
+	ImageModel                string         `json:"image_model,omitempty"           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_IMAGE_MODEL"`
+	ImageModelFallbacks       []string       `json:"image_model_fallbacks,omitempty"`
+	MaxTokens                 int            `json:"max_tokens"                      env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MAX_TOKENS"`
+	Temperature               *float64       `json:"temperature,omitempty"           env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_TEMPERATURE"`
+	MaxToolIterations         int            `json:"max_tool_iterations"             env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MAX_TOOL_ITERATIONS"`
+	SummarizeMessageThreshold int            `json:"summarize_message_threshold"     env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUMMARIZE_MESSAGE_THRESHOLD"`
+	SummarizeTokenPercent     int            `json:"summarize_token_percent"         env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_SUMMARIZE_TOKEN_PERCENT"`
+	MaxMediaSize              int            `json:"max_media_size,omitempty"        env:"PICOCLAW_AGENTS_DEFAULTS_MAX_MEDIA_SIZE"`
+	Routing                   *RoutingConfig `json:"routing,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// GetModelName returns the effective model name for the agent defaults.
+// It prefers the new "model_name" field but falls back to "model" for backward compatibility.
+func (d *agentDefaultsV0) GetModelName() string {
+	if d.ModelName != "" {
+		return d.ModelName
+	}
+	return d.Model
+}
+
+type agentsConfigV0 struct {
+	Defaults agentDefaultsV0 `json:"defaults"`
+	List     []AgentConfig   `json:"list,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// configV0 represents the config structure before versioning was introduced.
+// This struct is used for loading legacy config files (version 0).
+// It is unexported since it's only used internally for migration.
+type configV0 struct {
+	Agents    agentsConfigV0    `json:"agents"`
+	Bindings  []AgentBinding    `json:"bindings,omitempty"`
+	Session   SessionConfig     `json:"session,omitempty"`
+	Channels  channelsConfigV0  `json:"channels"`
+	Providers providersConfigV0 `json:"providers,omitempty"`
+	ModelList []modelConfigV0   `json:"model_list"`
+	Gateway   GatewayConfig     `json:"gateway"`
+	Tools     toolsConfigV0     `json:"tools"`
+	Heartbeat HeartbeatConfig   `json:"heartbeat"`
+	Devices   DevicesConfig     `json:"devices"`
+}
+
+type toolsConfigV0 struct {
+	AllowReadPaths  []string            `json:"allow_read_paths"  env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_ALLOW_READ_PATHS"`
+	AllowWritePaths []string            `json:"allow_write_paths" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_ALLOW_WRITE_PATHS"`
+	Web             webToolsConfigV0    `json:"web"`
+	Cron            CronToolsConfig     `json:"cron"`
+	Exec            ExecConfig          `json:"exec"`
+	Skills          skillsToolsConfigV0 `json:"skills"`
+	MediaCleanup    MediaCleanupConfig  `json:"media_cleanup"`
+	MCP             MCPConfig           `json:"mcp"`
+	AppendFile      ToolConfig          `json:"append_file"                                              envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_APPEND_FILE_"`
+	EditFile        ToolConfig          `json:"edit_file"                                                envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_EDIT_FILE_"`
+	FindSkills      ToolConfig          `json:"find_skills"                                              envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_FIND_SKILLS_"`
+	I2C             ToolConfig          `json:"i2c"                                                      envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_I2C_"`
+	InstallSkill    ToolConfig          `json:"install_skill"                                            envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_INSTALL_SKILL_"`
+	ListDir         ToolConfig          `json:"list_dir"                                                 envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_LIST_DIR_"`
+	Message         ToolConfig          `json:"message"                                                  envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_MESSAGE_"`
+	ReadFile        ReadFileToolConfig  `json:"read_file"                                                envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_READ_FILE_"`
+	SendFile        ToolConfig          `json:"send_file"                                                envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SEND_FILE_"`
+	Spawn           ToolConfig          `json:"spawn"                                                    envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SPAWN_"`
+	SpawnStatus     ToolConfig          `json:"spawn_status"                                             envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SPAWN_STATUS_"`
+	SPI             ToolConfig          `json:"spi"                                                      envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SPI_"`
+	Subagent        ToolConfig          `json:"subagent"                                                 envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SUBAGENT_"`
+	WebFetch        ToolConfig          `json:"web_fetch"                                                envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_FETCH_"`
+	WriteFile       ToolConfig          `json:"write_file"                                               envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WRITE_FILE_"`
+}
+
+type channelsConfigV0 struct {
+	WhatsApp WhatsAppConfig   `json:"whatsapp"`
+	Telegram telegramConfigV0 `json:"telegram"`
+	Feishu   feishuConfigV0   `json:"feishu"`
+	Discord  discordConfigV0  `json:"discord"`
+	MaixCam  maixcamConfigV0  `json:"maixcam"`
+	Weixin   weixinConfigV0   `json:"weixin"`
+	QQ       qqConfigV0       `json:"qq"`
+	DingTalk dingtalkConfigV0 `json:"dingtalk"`
+	Slack    slackConfigV0    `json:"slack"`
+	Matrix   matrixConfigV0   `json:"matrix"`
+	LINE     lineConfigV0     `json:"line"`
+	OneBot   onebotConfigV0   `json:"onebot"`
+	WeCom    wecomConfigV0    `json:"wecom"    envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_"`
+	Pico     picoConfigV0     `json:"pico"`
+	IRC      ircConfigV0      `json:"irc"`
+}
+
+func (v *channelsConfigV0) ToChannelsConfig() (ChannelsConfig, ChannelsSecurity) {
+	telegram, telegramSecurity := v.Telegram.ToTelegramConfig()
+	feishu, feishuSecurity := v.Feishu.ToFeishuConfig()
+	discord, discordSecurity := v.Discord.ToDiscordConfig()
+	maixcam := v.MaixCam.ToMaixCamConfig()
+	qq, qqSecurity := v.QQ.ToQQConfig()
+	weixin, weixinSecurity := v.Weixin.ToWeiXinConfig()
+	dingtalk, dingtalkSecurity := v.DingTalk.ToDingTalkConfig()
+	slack, slackSecurity := v.Slack.ToSlackConfig()
+	matrix, matrixSecurity := v.Matrix.ToMatrixConfig()
+	line, lineSecurity := v.LINE.ToLINEConfig()
+	onebot, onebotSecurity := v.OneBot.ToOneBotConfig()
+	wecom, wecomSecurity := v.WeCom.ToWeComConfig()
+	pico, picoSecurity := v.Pico.ToPicoConfig()
+	irc, ircSecurity := v.IRC.ToIRCConfig()
+
+	return ChannelsConfig{
+			WhatsApp: v.WhatsApp,
+			Telegram: telegram,
+			Feishu:   feishu,
+			Discord:  discord,
+			MaixCam:  maixcam,
+			QQ:       qq,
+			Weixin:   weixin,
+			DingTalk: dingtalk,
+			Slack:    slack,
+			Matrix:   matrix,
+			LINE:     line,
+			OneBot:   onebot,
+			WeCom:    wecom,
+			Pico:     pico,
+			IRC:      irc,
+		}, ChannelsSecurity{
+			Telegram: telegramSecurity,
+			Feishu:   feishuSecurity,
+			Discord:  discordSecurity,
+			QQ:       qqSecurity,
+			Weixin:   weixinSecurity,
+			DingTalk: dingtalkSecurity,
+			Slack:    slackSecurity,
+			Matrix:   matrixSecurity,
+			LINE:     lineSecurity,
+			OneBot:   onebotSecurity,
+			WeCom:    wecomSecurity,
+			Pico:     picoSecurity,
+			IRC:      ircSecurity,
+		}
+}
+
+type qqConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled              bool                `json:"enabled"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_ENABLED"`
+	AppID                string              `json:"app_id"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_APP_ID"`
+	AppSecret            string              `json:"app_secret"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_APP_SECRET"`
+	AllowFrom            FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	GroupTrigger         GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
+	MaxMessageLength     int                 `json:"max_message_length"       env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH"`
+	MaxBase64FileSizeMiB int64               `json:"max_base64_file_size_mib" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_MAX_BASE64_FILE_SIZE_MIB"`
+	SendMarkdown         bool                `json:"send_markdown"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_SEND_MARKDOWN"`
+	ReasoningChannelID   string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+}
+
+func (v *qqConfigV0) ToQQConfig() (QQConfig, *QQSecurity) {
+	var sec *QQSecurity
+	if v.AppSecret != "" {
+		sec = &QQSecurity{
+			AppSecret: v.AppSecret,
+		}
+	}
+	return QQConfig{
+		Enabled:              v.Enabled,
+		AppID:                v.AppID,
+		AllowFrom:            v.AllowFrom,
+		GroupTrigger:         v.GroupTrigger,
+		MaxMessageLength:     v.MaxMessageLength,
+		MaxBase64FileSizeMiB: v.MaxBase64FileSizeMiB,
+		SendMarkdown:         v.SendMarkdown,
+		ReasoningChannelID:   v.ReasoningChannelID,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type telegramConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_ENABLED"`
+	Token              string              `json:"token"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_TOKEN"`
+	BaseURL            string              `json:"base_url"                env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_BASE_URL"`
+	Proxy              string              `json:"proxy"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_PROXY"`
+	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
+	Typing             TypingConfig        `json:"typing,omitempty"`
+	Placeholder        PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	UseMarkdownV2      bool                `json:"use_markdown_v2"         env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_USE_MARKDOWN_V2"`
+}
+
+func (v *telegramConfigV0) ToTelegramConfig() (TelegramConfig, *TelegramSecurity) {
+	var sec *TelegramSecurity
+	if v.Token != "" {
+		sec = &TelegramSecurity{
+			Token: v.Token,
+		}
+	}
+	return TelegramConfig{
+		Enabled:            v.Enabled,
+		token:              v.Token,
+		BaseURL:            v.BaseURL,
+		Proxy:              v.Proxy,
+		AllowFrom:          v.AllowFrom,
+		GroupTrigger:       v.GroupTrigger,
+		Typing:             v.Typing,
+		Placeholder:        v.Placeholder,
+		ReasoningChannelID: v.ReasoningChannelID,
+		UseMarkdownV2:      v.UseMarkdownV2,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type feishuConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled             bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_ENABLED"`
+	AppID               string              `json:"app_id"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_APP_ID"`
+	AppSecret           string              `json:"app_secret"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_APP_SECRET"`
+	EncryptKey          string              `json:"encrypt_key"             env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_ENCRYPT_KEY"`
+	VerificationToken   string              `json:"verification_token"      env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_VERIFICATION_TOKEN"`
+	AllowFrom           FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	GroupTrigger        GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
+	Placeholder         PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningChannelID  string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+	RandomReactionEmoji FlexibleStringSlice `json:"random_reaction_emoji"   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_RANDOM_REACTION_EMOJI"`
+	IsLark              bool                `json:"is_lark"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_IS_LARK"`
+}
+
+func (v *feishuConfigV0) ToFeishuConfig() (FeishuConfig, *FeishuSecurity) {
+	var sec *FeishuSecurity
+	if v.AppSecret != "" || v.EncryptKey != "" || v.VerificationToken != "" {
+		sec = &FeishuSecurity{
+			AppSecret:         v.AppSecret,
+			EncryptKey:        v.EncryptKey,
+			VerificationToken: v.VerificationToken,
+		}
+	}
+	return FeishuConfig{
+		Enabled:            v.Enabled,
+		AppID:              v.AppID,
+		appSecret:          v.AppSecret,
+		AllowFrom:          v.AllowFrom,
+		GroupTrigger:       v.GroupTrigger,
+		Placeholder:        v.Placeholder,
+		ReasoningChannelID: v.ReasoningChannelID,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type discordConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_ENABLED"`
+	Token              string              `json:"token"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_TOKEN"`
+	Proxy              string              `json:"proxy"                   env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_PROXY"`
+	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	MentionOnly        bool                `json:"mention_only"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_MENTION_ONLY"`
+	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
+	Typing             TypingConfig        `json:"typing,omitempty"`
+	Placeholder        PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+}
+
+func (v *discordConfigV0) ToDiscordConfig() (DiscordConfig, *DiscordSecurity) {
+	var sec *DiscordSecurity
+	if v.Token != "" {
+		sec = &DiscordSecurity{
+			Token: v.Token,
+		}
+	}
+	return DiscordConfig{
+		Enabled:            v.Enabled,
+		token:              v.Token,
+		Proxy:              v.Proxy,
+		AllowFrom:          v.AllowFrom,
+		MentionOnly:        v.MentionOnly,
+		GroupTrigger:       v.GroupTrigger,
+		Typing:             v.Typing,
+		Placeholder:        v.Placeholder,
+		ReasoningChannelID: v.ReasoningChannelID,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type maixcamConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MAIXCAM_ENABLED"`
+	Host               string              `json:"host"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MAIXCAM_HOST"`
+	Port               int                 `json:"port"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MAIXCAM_PORT"`
+	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"           env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MAIXCAM_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MAIXCAM_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+}
+
+func (v *maixcamConfigV0) ToMaixCamConfig() MaixCamConfig {
+	return MaixCamConfig{
+		Enabled:            v.Enabled,
+		Host:               v.Host,
+		Port:               v.Port,
+		AllowFrom:          v.AllowFrom,
+		ReasoningChannelID: v.ReasoningChannelID,
+	}
+}
+
+type dingtalkConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DINGTALK_ENABLED"`
+	ClientID           string              `json:"client_id"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DINGTALK_CLIENT_ID"`
+	ClientSecret       string              `json:"client_secret"           env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DINGTALK_CLIENT_SECRET"`
+	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DINGTALK_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DINGTALK_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+}
+
+func (v *dingtalkConfigV0) ToDingTalkConfig() (DingTalkConfig, *DingTalkSecurity) {
+	var sec *DingTalkSecurity
+	if v.ClientSecret != "" {
+		sec = &DingTalkSecurity{
+			ClientSecret: v.ClientSecret,
+		}
+	}
+	return DingTalkConfig{
+		Enabled:            v.Enabled,
+		ClientID:           v.ClientID,
+		clientSecret:       v.ClientSecret,
+		AllowFrom:          v.AllowFrom,
+		GroupTrigger:       v.GroupTrigger,
+		ReasoningChannelID: v.ReasoningChannelID,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type slackConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_SLACK_ENABLED"`
+	BotToken           string              `json:"bot_token"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_SLACK_BOT_TOKEN"`
+	AppToken           string              `json:"app_token"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_SLACK_APP_TOKEN"`
+	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_SLACK_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
+	Typing             TypingConfig        `json:"typing,omitempty"`
+	Placeholder        PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_SLACK_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+}
+
+func (v *slackConfigV0) ToSlackConfig() (SlackConfig, *SlackSecurity) {
+	var sec *SlackSecurity
+	if v.BotToken != "" || v.AppToken != "" {
+		sec = &SlackSecurity{
+			BotToken: v.BotToken,
+			AppToken: v.AppToken,
+		}
+	}
+	return SlackConfig{
+		Enabled:            v.Enabled,
+		botToken:           v.BotToken,
+		appToken:           v.AppToken,
+		AllowFrom:          v.AllowFrom,
+		GroupTrigger:       v.GroupTrigger,
+		Typing:             v.Typing,
+		Placeholder:        v.Placeholder,
+		ReasoningChannelID: v.ReasoningChannelID,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type matrixConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_ENABLED"`
+	Homeserver         string              `json:"homeserver"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_HOMESERVER"`
+	UserID             string              `json:"user_id"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_USER_ID"`
+	AccessToken        string              `json:"access_token"             env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN"`
+	DeviceID           string              `json:"device_id,omitempty"      env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_DEVICE_ID"`
+	JoinOnInvite       bool                `json:"join_on_invite"           env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_JOIN_ON_INVITE"`
+	MessageFormat      string              `json:"message_format,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_MESSAGE_FORMAT"`
+	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
+	Placeholder        PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+}
+
+func (v *matrixConfigV0) ToMatrixConfig() (MatrixConfig, *MatrixSecurity) {
+	var sec *MatrixSecurity
+	if v.AccessToken != "" {
+		sec = &MatrixSecurity{
+			AccessToken: v.AccessToken,
+		}
+	}
+	return MatrixConfig{
+		Enabled:            v.Enabled,
+		Homeserver:         v.Homeserver,
+		UserID:             v.UserID,
+		accessToken:        v.AccessToken,
+		DeviceID:           v.DeviceID,
+		JoinOnInvite:       v.JoinOnInvite,
+		MessageFormat:      v.MessageFormat,
+		AllowFrom:          v.AllowFrom,
+		GroupTrigger:       v.GroupTrigger,
+		Placeholder:        v.Placeholder,
+		ReasoningChannelID: v.ReasoningChannelID,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type lineConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_ENABLED"`
+	ChannelSecret      string              `json:"channel_secret"          env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_CHANNEL_SECRET"`
+	ChannelAccessToken string              `json:"channel_access_token"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN"`
+	WebhookHost        string              `json:"webhook_host"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_WEBHOOK_HOST"`
+	WebhookPort        int                 `json:"webhook_port"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_WEBHOOK_PORT"`
+	WebhookPath        string              `json:"webhook_path"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_WEBHOOK_PATH"`
+	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
+	Typing             TypingConfig        `json:"typing,omitempty"`
+	Placeholder        PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+}
+
+func (v *lineConfigV0) ToLINEConfig() (LINEConfig, *LINESecurity) {
+	var sec *LINESecurity
+	if v.ChannelSecret != "" || v.ChannelAccessToken != "" {
+		sec = &LINESecurity{
+			ChannelSecret:      v.ChannelSecret,
+			ChannelAccessToken: v.ChannelAccessToken,
+		}
+	}
+	return LINEConfig{
+		Enabled:            v.Enabled,
+		channelSecret:      v.ChannelSecret,
+		channelAccessToken: v.ChannelAccessToken,
+		WebhookHost:        v.WebhookHost,
+		WebhookPort:        v.WebhookPort,
+		WebhookPath:        v.WebhookPath,
+		AllowFrom:          v.AllowFrom,
+		GroupTrigger:       v.GroupTrigger,
+		Typing:             v.Typing,
+		Placeholder:        v.Placeholder,
+		ReasoningChannelID: v.ReasoningChannelID,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type onebotConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_ENABLED"`
+	WSUrl              string              `json:"ws_url"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_WS_URL"`
+	AccessToken        string              `json:"access_token"            env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_ACCESS_TOKEN"`
+	ReconnectInterval  int                 `json:"reconnect_interval"      env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_RECONNECT_INTERVAL"`
+	GroupTriggerPrefix []string            `json:"group_trigger_prefix"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_GROUP_TRIGGER_PREFIX"`
+	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
+	Typing             TypingConfig        `json:"typing,omitempty"`
+	Placeholder        PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+}
+
+func (v *onebotConfigV0) ToOneBotConfig() (OneBotConfig, *OneBotSecurity) {
+	var sec *OneBotSecurity
+	if v.AccessToken != "" {
+		sec = &OneBotSecurity{
+			AccessToken: v.AccessToken,
+		}
+	}
+	return OneBotConfig{
+		Enabled:            v.Enabled,
+		WSUrl:              v.WSUrl,
+		accessToken:        v.AccessToken,
+		ReconnectInterval:  v.ReconnectInterval,
+		GroupTriggerPrefix: v.GroupTriggerPrefix,
+		AllowFrom:          v.AllowFrom,
+		GroupTrigger:       v.GroupTrigger,
+		Typing:             v.Typing,
+		Placeholder:        v.Placeholder,
+		ReasoningChannelID: v.ReasoningChannelID,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type wecomConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled             bool                        `json:"enabled"                    env:"ENABLED"`
+	BotID               string                      `json:"bot_id"                     env:"BOT_ID"`
+	Secret              string                      `json:"secret"                     env:"SECRET"`
+	WebSocketURL        string                      `json:"websocket_url,omitempty"    env:"WEBSOCKET_URL"`
+	SendThinkingMessage bool                        `json:"send_thinking_message"      env:"SEND_THINKING_MESSAGE"`
+	DMPolicy            string                      `json:"dm_policy,omitempty"        env:"DM_POLICY"`
+	AllowFrom           FlexibleStringSlice         `json:"allow_from"                 env:"ALLOW_FROM"`
+	GroupPolicy         string                      `json:"group_policy,omitempty"     env:"GROUP_POLICY"`
+	GroupAllowFrom      FlexibleStringSlice         `json:"group_allow_from,omitempty" env:"GROUP_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	Groups              map[string]WeComGroupConfig `json:"groups,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningChannelID  string                      `json:"reasoning_channel_id"       env:"REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+}
+
+func (v *wecomConfigV0) ToWeComConfig() (WeComConfig, *WeComSecurity) {
+	var sec *WeComSecurity
+	if v.Secret != "" {
+		sec = &WeComSecurity{Secret: v.Secret}
+	}
+	return WeComConfig{
+		Enabled:             v.Enabled,
+		BotID:               v.BotID,
+		secret:              v.Secret,
+		WebSocketURL:        v.WebSocketURL,
+		SendThinkingMessage: v.SendThinkingMessage,
+		AllowFrom:           v.AllowFrom,
+		ReasoningChannelID:  v.ReasoningChannelID,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type weixinConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_ENABLED"`
+	Token              string              `json:"token"                env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_TOKEN"`
+	BaseURL            string              `json:"base_url"             env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_BASE_URL"`
+	CDNBaseURL         string              `json:"cdn_base_url"         env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_CDN_BASE_URL"`
+	Proxy              string              `json:"proxy"                env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_PROXY"`
+	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"           env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+}
+
+func (v *weixinConfigV0) ToWeiXinConfig() (WeixinConfig, *WeixinSecurity) {
+	var sec *WeixinSecurity
+	if v.Token != "" {
+		sec = &WeixinSecurity{
+			Token: v.Token,
+		}
+	}
+	return WeixinConfig{
+		Enabled:            v.Enabled,
+		token:              v.Token,
+		BaseURL:            v.BaseURL,
+		CDNBaseURL:         v.CDNBaseURL,
+		Proxy:              v.Proxy,
+		AllowFrom:          v.AllowFrom,
+		ReasoningChannelID: v.ReasoningChannelID,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type picoConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled         bool                `json:"enabled"                     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_PICO_ENABLED"`
+	Token           string              `json:"token"                       env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_PICO_TOKEN"`
+	AllowTokenQuery bool                `json:"allow_token_query,omitempty"`
+	AllowOrigins    []string            `json:"allow_origins,omitempty"`
+	PingInterval    int                 `json:"ping_interval,omitempty"`
+	ReadTimeout     int                 `json:"read_timeout,omitempty"`
+	WriteTimeout    int                 `json:"write_timeout,omitempty"`
+	MaxConnections  int                 `json:"max_connections,omitempty"`
+	AllowFrom       FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_PICO_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	Placeholder     PlaceholderConfig   `json:"placeholder,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (v *picoConfigV0) ToPicoConfig() (PicoConfig, *PicoSecurity) {
+	var sec *PicoSecurity
+	if v.Token != "" {
+		sec = &PicoSecurity{
+			Token: v.Token,
+		}
+	}
+	return PicoConfig{
+		Enabled:         v.Enabled,
+		token:           v.Token,
+		AllowTokenQuery: v.AllowTokenQuery,
+		AllowOrigins:    v.AllowOrigins,
+		PingInterval:    v.PingInterval,
+		ReadTimeout:     v.ReadTimeout,
+		WriteTimeout:    v.WriteTimeout,
+		MaxConnections:  v.MaxConnections,
+		AllowFrom:       v.AllowFrom,
+		Placeholder:     v.Placeholder,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type ircConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled            bool                `json:"enabled"                 env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_ENABLED"`
+	Server             string              `json:"server"                  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_SERVER"`
+	TLS                bool                `json:"tls"                     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_TLS"`
+	Nick               string              `json:"nick"                    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_NICK"`
+	User               string              `json:"user,omitempty"          env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_USER"`
+	RealName           string              `json:"real_name,omitempty"     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_REAL_NAME"`
+	Password           string              `json:"password"                env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_PASSWORD"`
+	NickServPassword   string              `json:"nickserv_password"       env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_NICKSERV_PASSWORD"`
+	SASLUser           string              `json:"sasl_user"               env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_SASL_USER"`
+	SASLPassword       string              `json:"sasl_password"           env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_SASL_PASSWORD"`
+	Channels           FlexibleStringSlice `json:"channels"                env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_CHANNELS"`
+	RequestCaps        FlexibleStringSlice `json:"request_caps,omitempty"  env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_REQUEST_CAPS"`
+	AllowFrom          FlexibleStringSlice `json:"allow_from"              env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_ALLOW_FROM"`
+	GroupTrigger       GroupTriggerConfig  `json:"group_trigger,omitempty"`
+	Typing             TypingConfig        `json:"typing,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningChannelID string              `json:"reasoning_channel_id"    env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_REASONING_CHANNEL_ID"`
+}
+
+func (v *ircConfigV0) ToIRCConfig() (IRCConfig, *IRCSecurity) {
+	var sec *IRCSecurity
+	if v.Password != "" || v.NickServPassword != "" || v.SASLPassword != "" {
+		sec = &IRCSecurity{
+			Password:         v.Password,
+			NickServPassword: v.NickServPassword,
+			SASLPassword:     v.SASLPassword,
+		}
+	}
+	return IRCConfig{
+		Enabled:            v.Enabled,
+		Server:             v.Server,
+		TLS:                v.TLS,
+		Nick:               v.Nick,
+		User:               v.User,
+		RealName:           v.RealName,
+		password:           v.Password,
+		nickServPassword:   v.NickServPassword,
+		SASLUser:           v.SASLUser,
+		saslPassword:       v.SASLPassword,
+		Channels:           v.Channels,
+		RequestCaps:        v.RequestCaps,
+		AllowFrom:          v.AllowFrom,
+		GroupTrigger:       v.GroupTrigger,
+		Typing:             v.Typing,
+		ReasoningChannelID: v.ReasoningChannelID,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type providersConfigV0 struct {
+	Anthropic     providerConfigV0       `json:"anthropic"`
+	OpenAI        openAIProviderConfigV0 `json:"openai"`
+	LiteLLM       providerConfigV0       `json:"litellm"`
+	OpenRouter    providerConfigV0       `json:"openrouter"`
+	Groq          providerConfigV0       `json:"groq"`
+	Zhipu         providerConfigV0       `json:"zhipu"`
+	VLLM          providerConfigV0       `json:"vllm"`
+	Gemini        providerConfigV0       `json:"gemini"`
+	Nvidia        providerConfigV0       `json:"nvidia"`
+	Ollama        providerConfigV0       `json:"ollama"`
+	Moonshot      providerConfigV0       `json:"moonshot"`
+	ShengSuanYun  providerConfigV0       `json:"shengsuanyun"`
+	DeepSeek      providerConfigV0       `json:"deepseek"`
+	Cerebras      providerConfigV0       `json:"cerebras"`
+	Vivgrid       providerConfigV0       `json:"vivgrid"`
+	VolcEngine    providerConfigV0       `json:"volcengine"`
+	GitHubCopilot providerConfigV0       `json:"github_copilot"`
+	Antigravity   providerConfigV0       `json:"antigravity"`
+	Qwen          providerConfigV0       `json:"qwen"`
+	Mistral       providerConfigV0       `json:"mistral"`
+	Avian         providerConfigV0       `json:"avian"`
+	Minimax       providerConfigV0       `json:"minimax"`
+	LongCat       providerConfigV0       `json:"longcat"`
+	ModelScope    providerConfigV0       `json:"modelscope"`
+	Novita        providerConfigV0       `json:"novita"`
+}
+
+// IsEmpty checks if all provider configs are empty (no API keys or API bases set)
+// Note: WebSearch is an optimization option and doesn't count as "non-empty"
+func (p providersConfigV0) IsEmpty() bool {
+	return p.Anthropic.APIKey == "" && p.Anthropic.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.OpenAI.APIKey == "" && p.OpenAI.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.LiteLLM.APIKey == "" && p.LiteLLM.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.OpenRouter.APIKey == "" && p.OpenRouter.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Groq.APIKey == "" && p.Groq.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Zhipu.APIKey == "" && p.Zhipu.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.VLLM.APIKey == "" && p.VLLM.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Gemini.APIKey == "" && p.Gemini.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Nvidia.APIKey == "" && p.Nvidia.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Ollama.APIKey == "" && p.Ollama.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Moonshot.APIKey == "" && p.Moonshot.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.ShengSuanYun.APIKey == "" && p.ShengSuanYun.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.DeepSeek.APIKey == "" && p.DeepSeek.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Cerebras.APIKey == "" && p.Cerebras.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Vivgrid.APIKey == "" && p.Vivgrid.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.VolcEngine.APIKey == "" && p.VolcEngine.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.GitHubCopilot.APIKey == "" && p.GitHubCopilot.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Antigravity.APIKey == "" && p.Antigravity.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Qwen.APIKey == "" && p.Qwen.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Mistral.APIKey == "" && p.Mistral.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Avian.APIKey == "" && p.Avian.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Minimax.APIKey == "" && p.Minimax.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.LongCat.APIKey == "" && p.LongCat.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.ModelScope.APIKey == "" && p.ModelScope.APIBase == "" &&
+		p.Novita.APIKey == "" && p.Novita.APIBase == ""
+}
+
+type providerConfigV0 struct {
+	APIKey         string `json:"api_key"                   env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_{{.Name}}_API_KEY"`
+	APIBase        string `json:"api_base"                  env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_{{.Name}}_API_BASE"`
+	Proxy          string `json:"proxy,omitempty"           env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_{{.Name}}_PROXY"`
+	RequestTimeout int    `json:"request_timeout,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_{{.Name}}_REQUEST_TIMEOUT"`
+	AuthMethod     string `json:"auth_method,omitempty"     env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_{{.Name}}_AUTH_METHOD"`
+	ConnectMode    string `json:"connect_mode,omitempty"    env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_{{.Name}}_CONNECT_MODE"` // only for Github Copilot, `stdio` or `grpc`
+}
+
+// MarshalJSON implements custom JSON marshaling for providersConfig
+// to omit the entire section when empty
+func (p providersConfigV0) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	if p.IsEmpty() {
+		return []byte("null"), nil
+	}
+	type Alias providersConfigV0
+	return json.Marshal((*Alias)(&p))
+}
+
+type openAIProviderConfigV0 struct {
+	providerConfigV0
+	WebSearch bool `json:"web_search" env:"PICOCLAW_PROVIDERS_OPENAI_WEB_SEARCH"`
+}
+
+type modelConfigV0 struct {
+	// Required fields
+	ModelName string `json:"model_name"` // User-facing alias for the model
+	Model     string `json:"model"`      // Protocol/model-identifier (e.g., "openai/gpt-4o", "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6")
+
+	// HTTP-based providers
+	APIBase   string   `json:"api_base,omitempty"`  // API endpoint URL
+	APIKey    string   `json:"api_key"`             // API authentication key (single key)
+	APIKeys   []string `json:"api_keys,omitempty"`  // API authentication keys (multiple keys for failover)
+	Proxy     string   `json:"proxy,omitempty"`     // HTTP proxy URL
+	Fallbacks []string `json:"fallbacks,omitempty"` // Fallback model names for failover
+
+	// Special providers (CLI-based, OAuth, etc.)
+	AuthMethod  string `json:"auth_method,omitempty"`  // Authentication method: oauth, token
+	ConnectMode string `json:"connect_mode,omitempty"` // Connection mode: stdio, grpc
+	Workspace   string `json:"workspace,omitempty"`    // Workspace path for CLI-based providers
+
+	// Optional optimizations
+	RPM            int    `json:"rpm,omitempty"`              // Requests per minute limit
+	MaxTokensField string `json:"max_tokens_field,omitempty"` // Field name for max tokens (e.g., "max_completion_tokens")
+	RequestTimeout int    `json:"request_timeout,omitempty"`
+	ThinkingLevel  string `json:"thinking_level,omitempty"` // Extended thinking: off|low|medium|high|xhigh|adaptive
+}
+
+func (c *configV0) migrateChannelConfigs() {
+	// Discord: mention_only -> group_trigger.mention_only
+	if c.Channels.Discord.MentionOnly && !c.Channels.Discord.GroupTrigger.MentionOnly {
+		c.Channels.Discord.GroupTrigger.MentionOnly = true
+	}
+
+	// OneBot: group_trigger_prefix -> group_trigger.prefixes
+	if len(c.Channels.OneBot.GroupTriggerPrefix) > 0 &&
+		len(c.Channels.OneBot.GroupTrigger.Prefixes) == 0 {
+		c.Channels.OneBot.GroupTrigger.Prefixes = c.Channels.OneBot.GroupTriggerPrefix
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *configV0) Migrate() (*Config, error) {
+	// Migrate legacy channel config fields to new unified structures
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+
+	// Always copy user's Agents config to preserve settings like Provider, Model, MaxTokens
+	cfg.Agents.List = c.Agents.List
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace = c.Agents.Defaults.Workspace
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.RestrictToWorkspace = c.Agents.Defaults.RestrictToWorkspace
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.AllowReadOutsideWorkspace = c.Agents.Defaults.AllowReadOutsideWorkspace
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider = c.Agents.Defaults.Provider
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = c.Agents.Defaults.GetModelName()
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelFallbacks = c.Agents.Defaults.ModelFallbacks
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ImageModel = c.Agents.Defaults.ImageModel
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ImageModelFallbacks = c.Agents.Defaults.ImageModelFallbacks
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens = c.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Temperature = c.Agents.Defaults.Temperature
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxToolIterations = c.Agents.Defaults.MaxToolIterations
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.SummarizeMessageThreshold = c.Agents.Defaults.SummarizeMessageThreshold
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.SummarizeTokenPercent = c.Agents.Defaults.SummarizeTokenPercent
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxMediaSize = c.Agents.Defaults.MaxMediaSize
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Routing = c.Agents.Defaults.Routing
+
+	// Copy other top-level fields
+	cfg.Bindings = c.Bindings
+	cfg.Session = c.Session
+	var secChannels ChannelsSecurity
+	cfg.Channels, secChannels = c.Channels.ToChannelsConfig()
+	cfg.Gateway = c.Gateway
+	var secWeb WebToolsSecurity
+	cfg.Tools.Web, secWeb = c.Tools.Web.ToWebToolsConfig()
+	cfg.Tools.Cron = c.Tools.Cron
+	cfg.Tools.Exec = c.Tools.Exec
+	var secSkills *SkillsSecurity
+	cfg.Tools.Skills, secSkills = c.Tools.Skills.ToSkillsToolsConfig()
+	cfg.Tools.MediaCleanup = c.Tools.MediaCleanup
+	cfg.Tools.MCP = c.Tools.MCP
+	cfg.Tools.AppendFile = c.Tools.AppendFile
+	cfg.Tools.EditFile = c.Tools.EditFile
+	cfg.Tools.FindSkills = c.Tools.FindSkills
+	cfg.Tools.I2C = c.Tools.I2C
+	cfg.Tools.InstallSkill = c.Tools.InstallSkill
+	cfg.Tools.ListDir = c.Tools.ListDir
+	cfg.Tools.Message = c.Tools.Message
+	cfg.Tools.ReadFile = c.Tools.ReadFile
+	cfg.Tools.SendFile = c.Tools.SendFile
+	cfg.Tools.Spawn = c.Tools.Spawn
+	cfg.Tools.SpawnStatus = c.Tools.SpawnStatus
+	cfg.Tools.SPI = c.Tools.SPI
+	cfg.Tools.Subagent = c.Tools.Subagent
+	cfg.Tools.WebFetch = c.Tools.WebFetch
+	cfg.Tools.AllowReadPaths = c.Tools.AllowReadPaths
+	cfg.Tools.AllowWritePaths = c.Tools.AllowWritePaths
+	cfg.Heartbeat = c.Heartbeat
+	cfg.Devices = c.Devices
+
+	secModels := make(map[string]ModelSecurityEntry, 0)
+	// Only override ModelList if user provided values
+	if len(c.ModelList) > 0 {
+		// Convert []modelConfigV0 to []ModelConfig
+		cfg.ModelList = make([]*ModelConfig, len(c.ModelList))
+		for i, m := range c.ModelList {
+			// Merge APIKey and APIKeys, deduplicating
+			mergedKeys := MergeAPIKeys(m.APIKey, m.APIKeys)
+
+			cfg.ModelList[i] = &ModelConfig{
+				ModelName:      m.ModelName,
+				Model:          m.Model,
+				APIBase:        m.APIBase,
+				Proxy:          m.Proxy,
+				Fallbacks:      m.Fallbacks,
+				AuthMethod:     m.AuthMethod,
+				ConnectMode:    m.ConnectMode,
+				Workspace:      m.Workspace,
+				RPM:            m.RPM,
+				MaxTokensField: m.MaxTokensField,
+				RequestTimeout: m.RequestTimeout,
+				ThinkingLevel:  m.ThinkingLevel,
+				apiKeys:        mergedKeys,
+			}
+		}
+		names := toNameIndex(cfg.ModelList)
+		for i, m := range c.ModelList {
+			// Merge APIKey and APIKeys, deduplicating
+			mergedKeys := MergeAPIKeys(m.APIKey, m.APIKeys)
+			if len(mergedKeys) > 0 {
+				secModels[names[i]] = ModelSecurityEntry{
+					APIKeys: mergedKeys,
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	cfg.WithSecurity(&SecurityConfig{
+		ModelList: secModels,
+		Channels:  &secChannels,
+		Web:       &secWeb,
+		Skills:    secSkills,
+	})
+	cfg.Version = CurrentVersion
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+type webToolsConfigV0 struct {
+	ToolConfig           `                    envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_"`
+	Brave                braveConfigV0       `                                json:"brave"`
+	Tavily               tavilyConfigV0      `                                json:"tavily"`
+	DuckDuckGo           DuckDuckGoConfig    `                                json:"duckduckgo"`
+	Perplexity           perplexityConfigV0  `                                json:"perplexity"`
+	SearXNG              SearXNGConfig       `                                json:"searxng"`
+	GLMSearch            glmSearchConfigV0   `                                json:"glm_search"`
+	BaiduSearch          baiduSearchConfigV0 `                                json:"baidu_search"`
+	PreferNative         bool                `                                json:"prefer_native"                    env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PREFER_NATIVE"`
+	Proxy                string              `                                json:"proxy,omitempty"                  env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PROXY"`
+	FetchLimitBytes      int64               `                                json:"fetch_limit_bytes,omitempty"      env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_FETCH_LIMIT_BYTES"`
+	Format               string              `                                json:"format,omitempty"                 env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_FORMAT"`
+	PrivateHostWhitelist FlexibleStringSlice `                                json:"private_host_whitelist,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PRIVATE_HOST_WHITELIST"`
+}
+
+type braveConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled    bool     `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_ENABLED"`
+	APIKey     string   `json:"api_key"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_API_KEY"`
+	APIKeys    []string `json:"api_keys"    env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_API_KEYS"`
+	MaxResults int      `json:"max_results" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_MAX_RESULTS"`
+}
+
+func (v *braveConfigV0) ToBraveConfig() (BraveConfig, *BraveSecurity) {
+	var sec *BraveSecurity
+	if k := MergeAPIKeys(v.APIKey, v.APIKeys); len(k) > 0 {
+		sec = &BraveSecurity{
+			APIKeys: MergeAPIKeys(v.APIKey, v.APIKeys),
+		}
+	}
+	return BraveConfig{
+		Enabled:    v.Enabled,
+		MaxResults: v.MaxResults,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type tavilyConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled    bool     `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_TAVILY_ENABLED"`
+	APIKey     string   `json:"api_key"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_TAVILY_API_KEY"`
+	APIKeys    []string `json:"api_keys"    env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_TAVILY_API_KEYS"`
+	BaseURL    string   `json:"base_url"    env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_TAVILY_BASE_URL"`
+	MaxResults int      `json:"max_results" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_TAVILY_MAX_RESULTS"`
+}
+
+func (v *tavilyConfigV0) ToTavilyConfig() (TavilyConfig, *TavilySecurity) {
+	var sec *TavilySecurity
+	if k := MergeAPIKeys(v.APIKey, v.APIKeys); len(k) > 0 {
+		sec = &TavilySecurity{
+			APIKeys: k,
+		}
+	}
+	return TavilyConfig{
+		Enabled:    v.Enabled,
+		BaseURL:    v.BaseURL,
+		MaxResults: v.MaxResults,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type perplexityConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled    bool     `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PERPLEXITY_ENABLED"`
+	APIKey     string   `json:"api_key"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PERPLEXITY_API_KEY"`
+	APIKeys    []string `json:"api_keys"    env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PERPLEXITY_API_KEYS"`
+	MaxResults int      `json:"max_results" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_PERPLEXITY_MAX_RESULTS"`
+}
+
+func (v *perplexityConfigV0) ToPerplexityConfig() (PerplexityConfig, *PerplexitySecurity) {
+	var sec *PerplexitySecurity
+	if k := MergeAPIKeys(v.APIKey, v.APIKeys); len(k) > 0 {
+		sec = &PerplexitySecurity{
+			APIKeys: k,
+		}
+	}
+	return PerplexityConfig{
+		Enabled:    v.Enabled,
+		MaxResults: v.MaxResults,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type glmSearchConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled      bool   `json:"enabled"       env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_GLM_ENABLED"`
+	APIKey       string `json:"api_key"       env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_GLM_API_KEY"`
+	BaseURL      string `json:"base_url"      env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_GLM_BASE_URL"`
+	SearchEngine string `json:"search_engine" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_GLM_SEARCH_ENGINE"`
+}
+
+func (v *glmSearchConfigV0) ToGLMSearchConfig() (GLMSearchConfig, *GLMSearchSecurity) {
+	var sec *GLMSearchSecurity
+	if v.APIKey != "" {
+		sec = &GLMSearchSecurity{
+			APIKey: v.APIKey,
+		}
+	}
+	return GLMSearchConfig{
+		Enabled:      v.Enabled,
+		apiKey:       v.APIKey,
+		BaseURL:      v.BaseURL,
+		SearchEngine: v.SearchEngine,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type baiduSearchConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled    bool   `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BAIDU_ENABLED"`
+	APIKey     string `json:"api_key"     env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BAIDU_API_KEY"`
+	BaseURL    string `json:"base_url"    env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BAIDU_BASE_URL"`
+	MaxResults int    `json:"max_results" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BAIDU_MAX_RESULTS"`
+}
+
+func (v *baiduSearchConfigV0) ToBaiduSearchConfig() (BaiduSearchConfig, *BaiduSearchSecurity) {
+	var sec *BaiduSearchSecurity
+	if v.APIKey != "" {
+		sec = &BaiduSearchSecurity{
+			APIKey: v.APIKey,
+		}
+	}
+	return BaiduSearchConfig{
+		Enabled:    v.Enabled,
+		apiKey:     v.APIKey,
+		BaseURL:    v.BaseURL,
+		MaxResults: v.MaxResults,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+func (v *webToolsConfigV0) ToWebToolsConfig() (WebToolsConfig, WebToolsSecurity) {
+	brave, braveSecurity := v.Brave.ToBraveConfig()
+	tavily, tavilySecurity := v.Tavily.ToTavilyConfig()
+	perplexity, perplexitySecurity := v.Perplexity.ToPerplexityConfig()
+	glmSearch, glmSearchSecurity := v.GLMSearch.ToGLMSearchConfig()
+	baiduSearch, baiduSearchSecurity := v.BaiduSearch.ToBaiduSearchConfig()
+
+	return WebToolsConfig{
+			ToolConfig:           v.ToolConfig,
+			Brave:                brave,
+			Tavily:               tavily,
+			DuckDuckGo:           v.DuckDuckGo,
+			Perplexity:           perplexity,
+			SearXNG:              v.SearXNG,
+			GLMSearch:            glmSearch,
+			BaiduSearch:          baiduSearch,
+			PreferNative:         v.PreferNative,
+			Proxy:                v.Proxy,
+			FetchLimitBytes:      v.FetchLimitBytes,
+			Format:               v.Format,
+			PrivateHostWhitelist: v.PrivateHostWhitelist,
+		}, WebToolsSecurity{
+			Brave:       braveSecurity,
+			Tavily:      tavilySecurity,
+			Perplexity:  perplexitySecurity,
+			GLMSearch:   glmSearchSecurity,
+			BaiduSearch: baiduSearchSecurity,
+		}
+}
+
+type skillsToolsConfigV0 struct {
+	ToolConfig            `                         envPrefix:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SKILLS_"`
+	Registries            skillsRegistriesConfigV0 `                                   json:"registries"`
+	Github                skillsGithubConfigV0     `                                   json:"github"`
+	MaxConcurrentSearches int                      `                                   json:"max_concurrent_searches" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SKILLS_MAX_CONCURRENT_SEARCHES"`
+	SearchCache           SearchCacheConfig        `                                   json:"search_cache"`
+}
+
+type skillsRegistriesConfigV0 struct {
+	ClawHub clawHubRegistryConfigV0 `json:"clawhub"`
+}
+
+type clawHubRegistryConfigV0 struct {
+	Enabled    bool   `json:"enabled"     env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_REGISTRIES_CLAWHUB_ENABLED"`
+	BaseURL    string `json:"base_url"    env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_REGISTRIES_CLAWHUB_BASE_URL"`
+	AuthToken  string `json:"auth_token"  env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_REGISTRIES_CLAWHUB_AUTH_TOKEN"`
+	SearchPath string `json:"search_path" env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_REGISTRIES_CLAWHUB_SEARCH_PATH"`
+	SkillsPath string `json:"skills_path" env:"PICOCLAW_SKILLS_REGISTRIES_CLAWHUB_SKILLS_PATH"`
+}
+
+func (v *clawHubRegistryConfigV0) ToClawHubRegistryConfig() (ClawHubRegistryConfig, *ClawHubSecurity) {
+	var sec *ClawHubSecurity
+	if v.AuthToken != "" {
+		sec = &ClawHubSecurity{
+			AuthToken: v.AuthToken,
+		}
+	}
+	return ClawHubRegistryConfig{
+		Enabled:    v.Enabled,
+		BaseURL:    v.BaseURL,
+		authToken:  v.AuthToken,
+		SearchPath: v.SearchPath,
+		SkillsPath: v.SkillsPath,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+type skillsGithubConfigV0 struct {
+	Token string `json:"token"           env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SKILLS_GITHUB_TOKEN"`
+	Proxy string `json:"proxy,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SKILLS_GITHUB_PROXY"`
+}
+
+func (v *skillsGithubConfigV0) ToSkillsGithubConfig() (SkillsGithubConfig, *GithubSecurity) {
+	var sec *GithubSecurity
+	if v.Token != "" {
+		sec = &GithubSecurity{
+			Token: v.Token,
+		}
+	}
+	return SkillsGithubConfig{
+		token: v.Token,
+		Proxy: v.Proxy,
+	}, sec
+}
+
+func (v *skillsRegistriesConfigV0) ToSkillsRegistriesConfig() (SkillsRegistriesConfig, *ClawHubSecurity) {
+	clawHub, clawHubSecurity := v.ClawHub.ToClawHubRegistryConfig()
+
+	return SkillsRegistriesConfig{
+		ClawHub: clawHub,
+	}, clawHubSecurity
+}
+
+func (v *skillsToolsConfigV0) ToSkillsToolsConfig() (SkillsToolsConfig, *SkillsSecurity) {
+	registries, registriesSecurity := v.Registries.ToSkillsRegistriesConfig()
+	github, githubSecurity := v.Github.ToSkillsGithubConfig()
+
+	var sec *SkillsSecurity
+	if githubSecurity != nil || registriesSecurity != nil {
+		sec = &SkillsSecurity{
+			Github:  githubSecurity,
+			ClawHub: registriesSecurity,
+		}
+	}
+	return SkillsToolsConfig{
+		ToolConfig:            v.ToolConfig,
+		Registries:            registries,
+		Github:                github,
+		MaxConcurrentSearches: v.MaxConcurrentSearches,
+		SearchCache:           v.SearchCache,
+	}, sec
+}
diff --git a/pkg/config/config_test.go b/pkg/config/config_test.go
index 588c04645..6718de91e 100644
--- a/pkg/config/config_test.go
+++ b/pkg/config/config_test.go
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/credential"
 )
 
@@ -78,18 +81,19 @@ func TestAgentModelConfig_MarshalObject(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestProvidersConfig_IsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
-	var empty ProvidersConfig
+	var empty providersConfigV0
+	t.Logf("empty: %+v", empty)
 	if !empty.IsEmpty() {
-		t.Fatal("empty ProvidersConfig should report empty")
+		t.Fatal("empty providersConfig should report empty")
 	}
 
-	novita := ProvidersConfig{
-		Novita: ProviderConfig{
+	novita := providersConfigV0{
+		Novita: providerConfigV0{
 			APIKey: "test-key",
 		},
 	}
 	if novita.IsEmpty() {
-		t.Fatal("ProvidersConfig with novita settings should not report empty")
+		t.Fatal("providersConfig with novita settings should not report empty")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -237,15 +241,6 @@ func TestDefaultConfig_WorkspacePath(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestDefaultConfig_Model verifies model is set
-func TestDefaultConfig_Model(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := DefaultConfig()
-
-	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model != "" {
-		t.Error("Model should be empty")
-	}
-}
-
 // TestDefaultConfig_MaxTokens verifies max tokens has default value
 func TestDefaultConfig_MaxTokens(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := DefaultConfig()
@@ -288,21 +283,6 @@ func TestDefaultConfig_Gateway(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-// TestDefaultConfig_Providers verifies provider structure
-func TestDefaultConfig_Providers(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := DefaultConfig()
-
-	if cfg.Providers.Anthropic.APIKey != "" {
-		t.Error("Anthropic API key should be empty by default")
-	}
-	if cfg.Providers.OpenAI.APIKey != "" {
-		t.Error("OpenAI API key should be empty by default")
-	}
-	if cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIKey != "" {
-		t.Error("OpenRouter API key should be empty by default")
-	}
-}
-
 // TestDefaultConfig_Channels verifies channels are disabled by default
 func TestDefaultConfig_Channels(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := DefaultConfig()
@@ -329,7 +309,7 @@ func TestDefaultConfig_WebTools(t *testing.T) {
 	if cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.MaxResults != 5 {
 		t.Error("Expected Brave MaxResults 5, got ", cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.MaxResults)
 	}
-	if len(cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKeys) != 0 {
+	if len(cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKeys()) != 0 {
 		t.Error("Brave API key should be empty by default")
 	}
 	if cfg.Tools.Web.DuckDuckGo.MaxResults != 5 {
@@ -380,6 +360,96 @@ func TestSaveConfig_IncludesEmptyLegacyModelField(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSaveConfig_PreservesDisabledTelegramPlaceholder(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Channels.Telegram.Placeholder.Enabled = false
+
+	if err := SaveConfig(path, cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadFile failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(data), `"placeholder": {`) {
+		t.Fatalf("saved config should include telegram placeholder config, got: %s", string(data))
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(data), `"enabled": false`) {
+		t.Fatalf("saved config should persist placeholder.enabled=false, got: %s", string(data))
+	}
+
+	loaded, err := LoadConfig(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if loaded.Channels.Telegram.Placeholder.Enabled {
+		t.Fatal("telegram placeholder should remain disabled after SaveConfig/LoadConfig round-trip")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSaveConfig_FiltersVirtualModels verifies that SaveConfig does not write
+// virtual models (generated by expandMultiKeyModels) to the config file.
+func TestSaveConfig_FiltersVirtualModels(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+
+	// Manually add a virtual model to ModelList (simulating what expandMultiKeyModels does)
+	primaryModel := &ModelConfig{
+		ModelName: "gpt-4",
+		Model:     "openai/gpt-4o",
+		apiKeys:   []string{"key1"},
+	}
+	virtualModel := &ModelConfig{
+		ModelName: "gpt-4__key_1",
+		Model:     "openai/gpt-4o",
+		apiKeys:   []string{"key2"},
+		isVirtual: true,
+	}
+	cfg.ModelList = []*ModelConfig{primaryModel, virtualModel}
+
+	// SaveConfig should filter out virtual models
+	if err := SaveConfig(path, cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Reload and verify
+	reloaded, err := LoadConfig(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Should only have the primary model, not the virtual one
+	if len(reloaded.ModelList) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 model after reload, got %d", len(reloaded.ModelList))
+	}
+
+	if reloaded.ModelList[0].ModelName != "gpt-4" {
+		t.Errorf("expected model_name 'gpt-4', got %q", reloaded.ModelList[0].ModelName)
+	}
+
+	// Verify virtual model was not persisted
+	for _, m := range reloaded.ModelList {
+		if m.ModelName == "gpt-4__key_1" {
+			t.Errorf("virtual model gpt-4__key_1 should not have been saved")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Verify the saved file does not contain the virtual model name
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadFile failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(string(data), "gpt-4__key_1") {
+		t.Errorf("saved config should not contain virtual model name 'gpt-4__key_1'")
+	}
+}
+
 // TestConfig_Complete verifies all config fields are set
 func TestConfig_Complete(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := DefaultConfig()
@@ -387,9 +457,6 @@ func TestConfig_Complete(t *testing.T) {
 	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace == "" {
 		t.Error("Workspace should not be empty")
 	}
-	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model != "" {
-		t.Error("Model should be empty")
-	}
 	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.Temperature != nil {
 		t.Error("Temperature should be nil when not provided")
 	}
@@ -408,12 +475,8 @@ func TestConfig_Complete(t *testing.T) {
 	if !cfg.Heartbeat.Enabled {
 		t.Error("Heartbeat should be enabled by default")
 	}
-}
-
-func TestDefaultConfig_OpenAIWebSearchEnabled(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := DefaultConfig()
-	if !cfg.Providers.OpenAI.WebSearch {
-		t.Fatal("DefaultConfig().Providers.OpenAI.WebSearch should be true")
+	if !cfg.Tools.Exec.AllowRemote {
+		t.Error("Exec.AllowRemote should be true by default")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -424,10 +487,37 @@ func TestDefaultConfig_WebPreferNativeEnabled(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDefaultConfig_ToolFeedbackDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.ToolFeedback.Enabled {
+		t.Fatal("DefaultConfig().Agents.Defaults.ToolFeedback.Enabled should be false")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadConfig_ToolFeedbackDefaultsFalseWhenUnset(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(
+		configPath,
+		[]byte(`{"version":1,"agents":{"defaults":{"workspace":"./workspace"}}}`),
+		0o600,
+	); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.ToolFeedback.Enabled {
+		t.Fatal("agents.defaults.tool_feedback.enabled should remain false when unset in config file")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestLoadConfig_WebPreferNativeDefaultsTrueWhenUnset(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
-	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"tools":{"web":{"enabled":true}}}`), 0o600); err != nil {
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"version":1,"tools":{"web":{"enabled":true}}}`), 0o600); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -463,6 +553,40 @@ func TestDefaultConfig_ExecAllowRemoteEnabled(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDefaultConfig_FilterSensitiveDataEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	if !cfg.Tools.FilterSensitiveData {
+		t.Fatal("DefaultConfig().Tools.FilterSensitiveData should be true")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefaultConfig_FilterMinLength(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	if cfg.Tools.FilterMinLength != 8 {
+		t.Fatalf("DefaultConfig().Tools.FilterMinLength = %d, want 8", cfg.Tools.FilterMinLength)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToolsConfig_GetFilterMinLength(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		minLen   int
+		expected int
+	}{
+		{"zero returns default", 0, 8},
+		{"negative returns default", -1, 8},
+		{"positive returns value", 16, 16},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cfg := &ToolsConfig{FilterMinLength: tt.minLen}
+			if got := cfg.GetFilterMinLength(); got != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("GetFilterMinLength() = %v, want %v", got, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDefaultConfig_CronAllowCommandEnabled(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := DefaultConfig()
 	if !cfg.Tools.Cron.AllowCommand {
@@ -470,26 +594,34 @@ func TestDefaultConfig_CronAllowCommandEnabled(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestLoadConfig_OpenAIWebSearchDefaultsTrueWhenUnset(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
-	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"providers":{"openai":{"api_base":""}}}`), 0o600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error: %v", err)
+func TestDefaultConfig_HooksDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	if !cfg.Hooks.Enabled {
+		t.Fatal("DefaultConfig().Hooks.Enabled should be true")
 	}
+	if cfg.Hooks.Defaults.ObserverTimeoutMS != 500 {
+		t.Fatalf("ObserverTimeoutMS = %d, want 500", cfg.Hooks.Defaults.ObserverTimeoutMS)
+	}
+	if cfg.Hooks.Defaults.InterceptorTimeoutMS != 5000 {
+		t.Fatalf("InterceptorTimeoutMS = %d, want 5000", cfg.Hooks.Defaults.InterceptorTimeoutMS)
+	}
+	if cfg.Hooks.Defaults.ApprovalTimeoutMS != 60000 {
+		t.Fatalf("ApprovalTimeoutMS = %d, want 60000", cfg.Hooks.Defaults.ApprovalTimeoutMS)
+	}
+}
 
-	cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if !cfg.Providers.OpenAI.WebSearch {
-		t.Fatal("OpenAI codex web search should remain true when unset in config file")
+func TestDefaultConfig_LogLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	if cfg.Gateway.LogLevel != "fatal" {
+		t.Errorf("LogLevel = %q, want \"fatal\"", cfg.Gateway.LogLevel)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestLoadConfig_ExecAllowRemoteDefaultsTrueWhenUnset(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
-	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"tools":{"exec":{"enable_deny_patterns":true}}}`), 0o600); err != nil {
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"version":1,"tools":{"exec":{"enable_deny_patterns":true}}}`),
+		0o600); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -505,7 +637,11 @@ func TestLoadConfig_ExecAllowRemoteDefaultsTrueWhenUnset(t *testing.T) {
 func TestLoadConfig_CronAllowCommandDefaultsTrueWhenUnset(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
-	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"tools":{"cron":{"exec_timeout_minutes":5}}}`), 0o600); err != nil {
+	if err := os.WriteFile(
+		configPath,
+		[]byte(`{"version":1,"tools":{"cron":{"exec_timeout_minutes":5}}}`),
+		0o600,
+	); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -518,22 +654,6 @@ func TestLoadConfig_CronAllowCommandDefaultsTrueWhenUnset(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestLoadConfig_OpenAIWebSearchCanBeDisabled(t *testing.T) {
-	dir := t.TempDir()
-	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
-	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(`{"providers":{"openai":{"web_search":false}}}`), 0o600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if cfg.Providers.OpenAI.WebSearch {
-		t.Fatal("OpenAI codex web search should be false when disabled in config file")
-	}
-}
-
 func TestLoadConfig_WebToolsProxy(t *testing.T) {
 	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
 	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
@@ -555,6 +675,89 @@ func TestLoadConfig_WebToolsProxy(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestLoadConfig_HooksProcessConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+	configJSON := `{
+  "version": 1,
+  "hooks": {
+    "processes": {
+      "review-gate": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "transport": "stdio",
+        "command": ["uvx", "picoclaw-hook-reviewer"],
+        "dir": "/tmp/hooks",
+        "env": {
+          "HOOK_MODE": "rewrite"
+        },
+        "observe": ["turn_start", "turn_end"],
+        "intercept": ["before_tool", "approve_tool"]
+      }
+    },
+    "builtins": {
+      "audit": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "priority": 5,
+        "config": {
+          "label": "audit"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(configJSON), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("os.WriteFile() error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	processCfg, ok := cfg.Hooks.Processes["review-gate"]
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected review-gate process hook")
+	}
+	if !processCfg.Enabled {
+		t.Fatal("expected review-gate process hook to be enabled")
+	}
+	if processCfg.Transport != "stdio" {
+		t.Fatalf("Transport = %q, want stdio", processCfg.Transport)
+	}
+	if len(processCfg.Command) != 2 || processCfg.Command[0] != "uvx" {
+		t.Fatalf("Command = %v", processCfg.Command)
+	}
+	if processCfg.Dir != "/tmp/hooks" {
+		t.Fatalf("Dir = %q, want /tmp/hooks", processCfg.Dir)
+	}
+	if processCfg.Env["HOOK_MODE"] != "rewrite" {
+		t.Fatalf("HOOK_MODE = %q, want rewrite", processCfg.Env["HOOK_MODE"])
+	}
+	if len(processCfg.Observe) != 2 || processCfg.Observe[1] != "turn_end" {
+		t.Fatalf("Observe = %v", processCfg.Observe)
+	}
+	if len(processCfg.Intercept) != 2 || processCfg.Intercept[1] != "approve_tool" {
+		t.Fatalf("Intercept = %v", processCfg.Intercept)
+	}
+
+	builtinCfg, ok := cfg.Hooks.Builtins["audit"]
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected audit builtin hook")
+	}
+	if !builtinCfg.Enabled {
+		t.Fatal("expected audit builtin hook to be enabled")
+	}
+	if builtinCfg.Priority != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("Priority = %d, want 5", builtinCfg.Priority)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(builtinCfg.Config), `"audit"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("Config = %s", string(builtinCfg.Config))
+	}
+	if cfg.Hooks.Defaults.ApprovalTimeoutMS != 60000 {
+		t.Fatalf("ApprovalTimeoutMS = %d, want 60000", cfg.Hooks.Defaults.ApprovalTimeoutMS)
+	}
+}
+
 // TestDefaultConfig_DMScope verifies the default dm_scope value
 // TestDefaultConfig_SummarizationThresholds verifies summarization defaults
 func TestDefaultConfig_SummarizationThresholds(t *testing.T) {
@@ -729,7 +932,20 @@ func TestFlexibleStringSlice_UnmarshalText_EmptySliceConsistency(t *testing.T) {
 func TestLoadConfig_WarnsForPlaintextAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	cfgPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
-	const original = `{"model_list":[{"model_name":"test","model":"openai/gpt-4","api_key":"sk-plaintext"}]}`
+	const original = `{"version":1,"model_list":[{"model_name":"test","model":"openai/gpt-4","api_key":"sk-plaintext"}]}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(cfgPath, []byte(original), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("setup: %v", err)
+	}
+	secPath := filepath.Join(dir, SecurityConfigFile)
+	const securityConfig = `
+model_list:
+  test:0:
+    api_keys:
+      - "sk-plaintext"
+`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(secPath, []byte(securityConfig), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("setup: %v", err)
+	}
 	if err := os.WriteFile(cfgPath, []byte(original), 0o600); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("setup: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -742,10 +958,10 @@ func TestLoadConfig_WarnsForPlaintextAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig: %v", err)
 	}
 	// In-memory value must be the resolved plaintext.
-	if cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey != "sk-plaintext" {
-		t.Errorf("in-memory api_key = %q, want %q", cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey, "sk-plaintext")
+	if cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey() != "sk-plaintext" {
+		t.Errorf("in-memory api_key = %q, want %q", cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey(), "sk-plaintext")
 	}
-	// The file on disk must remain unchanged — LoadConfig must not write anything.
+	// The file on disk must remain unchanged — no need upgrade version
 	raw, _ := os.ReadFile(cfgPath)
 	if string(raw) != original {
 		t.Errorf("LoadConfig must not modify the config file; got:\n%s", string(raw))
@@ -762,15 +978,19 @@ func TestSaveConfig_EncryptsPlaintextAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
 	mustSetupSSHKey(t)
 
 	cfg := DefaultConfig()
-	cfg.ModelList = []ModelConfig{
-		{ModelName: "test", Model: "openai/gpt-4", APIKey: "sk-plaintext"},
+	cfg.ModelList = []*ModelConfig{
+		{ModelName: "test", Model: "openai/gpt-4", apiKeys: []string{"sk-plaintext"}},
+	}
+	cfg.security = &SecurityConfig{
+		ModelList: map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{"test:0": {APIKeys: []string{"sk-plaintext"}}},
 	}
 	if err := SaveConfig(cfgPath, cfg); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	// Disk must contain enc://, not the raw key.
-	raw, _ := os.ReadFile(cfgPath)
+	secPath := filepath.Join(dir, SecurityConfigFile)
+	raw, _ := os.ReadFile(secPath)
 	if !strings.Contains(string(raw), "enc://") {
 		t.Errorf("saved file should contain enc://, got:\n%s", string(raw))
 	}
@@ -783,8 +1003,8 @@ func TestSaveConfig_EncryptsPlaintextAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig after SaveConfig: %v", err)
 	}
-	if cfg2.ModelList[0].APIKey != "sk-plaintext" {
-		t.Errorf("loaded api_key = %q, want %q", cfg2.ModelList[0].APIKey, "sk-plaintext")
+	if cfg2.ModelList[0].APIKey() != "sk-plaintext" {
+		t.Errorf("loaded api_key = %q, want %q", cfg2.ModelList[0].APIKey(), "sk-plaintext")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -820,10 +1040,17 @@ func TestLoadConfig_FileRefNotSealed(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := os.WriteFile(keyFile, []byte("sk-from-file"), 0o600); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("setup: %v", err)
 	}
-	data := `{"model_list":[{"model_name":"test","model":"openai/gpt-4","api_key":"file://openai.key"}]}`
+	data := `{"version":1,"model_list":[{"model_name":"test","model":"openai/gpt-4"}]}`
 	if err := os.WriteFile(cfgPath, []byte(data), 0o600); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("setup: %v", err)
 	}
+	secPath := filepath.Join(dir, SecurityConfigFile)
+	if err := saveSecurityConfig(
+		secPath,
+		&SecurityConfig{ModelList: map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{"test:0": {APIKeys: []string{"file://openai.key"}}}},
+	); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("saveSecurityConfig: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	t.Setenv("PICOCLAW_KEY_PASSPHRASE", "test-passphrase")
 	t.Setenv("PICOCLAW_SSH_KEY_PATH", "")
@@ -832,7 +1059,7 @@ func TestLoadConfig_FileRefNotSealed(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	raw, _ := os.ReadFile(cfgPath)
+	raw, _ := os.ReadFile(secPath)
 	if !strings.Contains(string(raw), "file://openai.key") {
 		t.Error("file:// reference should be preserved unchanged in the config file")
 	}
@@ -852,23 +1079,28 @@ func TestSaveConfig_MixedKeys(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Pre-encrypt one key so we have a genuine enc:// value to put in the config.
 	if err := SaveConfig(cfgPath, &Config{
-		ModelList: []ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "pre", Model: "openai/gpt-4", APIKey: "sk-already-plain"},
+		ModelList: []*ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "pre", Model: "openai/gpt-4"},
+		},
+		security: &SecurityConfig{
+			ModelList: map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{
+				"pre:0": {APIKeys: []string{"sk-already-plain"}},
+			},
 		},
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("setup SaveConfig: %v", err)
 	}
-	raw, _ := os.ReadFile(cfgPath)
+	raw, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, SecurityConfigFile))
 	// Extract the enc:// value from the saved file.
 	var tmp struct {
-		ModelList []struct {
-			APIKey string `json:"api_key"`
-		} `json:"model_list"`
+		ModelList map[string]struct {
+			APIKeys []string `yaml:"api_keys"`
+		} `yaml:"model_list"`
 	}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &tmp); err != nil || len(tmp.ModelList) == 0 {
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(raw, &tmp); err != nil || len(tmp.ModelList) == 0 {
 		t.Fatalf("setup: could not parse saved config: %v", err)
 	}
-	alreadyEncrypted := tmp.ModelList[0].APIKey
+	alreadyEncrypted := tmp.ModelList["pre:0"].APIKeys[0]
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(alreadyEncrypted, "enc://") {
 		t.Fatalf("setup: expected enc:// key, got %q", alreadyEncrypted)
 	}
@@ -882,19 +1114,28 @@ func TestSaveConfig_MixedKeys(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("setup: %v", err)
 	}
 	cfg := &Config{
-		ModelList: []ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "plain", Model: "openai/gpt-4", APIKey: "sk-new-plaintext"},
-			{ModelName: "enc", Model: "openai/gpt-4", APIKey: alreadyEncrypted},
-			{ModelName: "file", Model: "openai/gpt-4", APIKey: "file://api.key"},
+		ModelList: []*ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "plain", Model: "openai/gpt-4", apiKeys: []string{"sk-new-plaintext"}},
+			{ModelName: "enc", Model: "openai/gpt-4", apiKeys: []string{alreadyEncrypted}},
+			{ModelName: "file", Model: "openai/gpt-4", apiKeys: []string{"file://api.key"}},
+		},
+		security: &SecurityConfig{
+			ModelList: map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{
+				"plain:0": {APIKeys: []string{"sk-new-plaintext"}},
+				"enc:0":   {APIKeys: []string{alreadyEncrypted}},
+				"file:0":  {APIKeys: []string{"file://api.key"}},
+			},
 		},
 	}
 	if err := SaveConfig(cfgPath, cfg); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	raw, _ = os.ReadFile(cfgPath)
+	raw, _ = os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, SecurityConfigFile))
 	s := string(raw)
 
+	t.Logf("saved file:\n%s", s)
+
 	// 1. Plaintext must be encrypted.
 	if strings.Contains(s, "sk-new-plaintext") {
 		t.Error("plaintext key must not appear in saved file")
@@ -915,7 +1156,7 @@ func TestSaveConfig_MixedKeys(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	byName := make(map[string]string)
 	for _, m := range cfg2.ModelList {
-		byName[m.ModelName] = m.APIKey
+		byName[m.ModelName] = m.APIKey()
 	}
 	if byName["plain"] != "sk-new-plaintext" {
 		t.Errorf("plain model api_key = %q, want %q", byName["plain"], "sk-new-plaintext")
@@ -939,26 +1180,26 @@ func TestLoadConfig_MixedKeys_NoPassphrase(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Setenv("PICOCLAW_KEY_PASSPHRASE", "test-passphrase")
 	mustSetupSSHKey(t)
 	if err := SaveConfig(cfgPath, &Config{
-		ModelList: []ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "m", Model: "openai/gpt-4", APIKey: "sk-secret"},
+		ModelList: []*ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "m", Model: "openai/gpt-4", apiKeys: []string{"sk-secret"}},
+		},
+		security: &SecurityConfig{
+			ModelList: map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{
+				"m:0": {APIKeys: []string{"sk-secret"}},
+			},
 		},
 	}); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("setup SaveConfig: %v", err)
 	}
-	raw, _ := os.ReadFile(cfgPath)
-	var tmp struct {
-		ModelList []struct {
-			APIKey string `json:"api_key"`
-		} `json:"model_list"`
-	}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &tmp); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("setup parse: %v", err)
-	}
-	encValue := tmp.ModelList[0].APIKey
+	raw, err := LoadConfig(cfgPath)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	encValue := raw.security.ModelList["m:0"].APIKeys[0]
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, encValue)
+	assert.Equal(t, "enc://", encValue[:6])
 
 	// Write a mixed config: enc:// + plaintext + file://
 	keyFile := filepath.Join(dir, "api.key")
-	if err := os.WriteFile(keyFile, []byte("sk-from-file"), 0o600); err != nil {
+	if err = os.WriteFile(keyFile, []byte("sk-from-file"), 0o600); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("setup: %v", err)
 	}
 	mixed, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
@@ -968,14 +1209,24 @@ func TestLoadConfig_MixedKeys_NoPassphrase(t *testing.T) {
 			{"model_name": "file", "model": "openai/gpt-4", "api_key": "file://api.key"},
 		},
 	})
-	if err := os.WriteFile(cfgPath, mixed, 0o600); err != nil {
+	if err = os.WriteFile(cfgPath, mixed, 0o600); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("setup write: %v", err)
 	}
+	secs, _ := yaml.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"model_list": map[string]map[string]any{
+			"enc:0":   {"api_keys": []string{encValue}},
+			"plain:0": {"api_keys": []string{"sk-plain"}},
+			"file:0":  {"api_keys": []string{"file://api.key"}},
+		},
+	})
+	if err = os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, SecurityConfigFile), secs, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("security write: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	// Now clear the passphrase — LoadConfig must fail because enc:// cannot be decrypted.
 	t.Setenv("PICOCLAW_KEY_PASSPHRASE", "")
 
-	_, err := LoadConfig(cfgPath)
+	_, err = LoadConfig(cfgPath)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("LoadConfig should fail when enc:// key is present and no passphrase is set")
 	}
@@ -1003,14 +1254,15 @@ func TestSaveConfig_UsesPassphraseProvider(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Cleanup(func() { credential.PassphraseProvider = orig })
 
 	cfg := DefaultConfig()
-	cfg.ModelList = []ModelConfig{
-		{ModelName: "test", Model: "openai/gpt-4", APIKey: "sk-plaintext"},
+	cfg.ModelList = []*ModelConfig{
+		{ModelName: "test", Model: "openai/gpt-4"},
 	}
+	cfg.security.ModelList["test:0"] = ModelSecurityEntry{APIKeys: []string{"sk-plaintext"}}
 	if err := SaveConfig(cfgPath, cfg); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	raw, _ := os.ReadFile(cfgPath)
+	raw, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, SecurityConfigFile))
 	if !strings.Contains(string(raw), "enc://") {
 		t.Errorf("SaveConfig should have encrypted plaintext key via PassphraseProvider; got:\n%s", raw)
 	}
@@ -1053,7 +1305,280 @@ func TestLoadConfig_UsesPassphraseProvider(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig: %v", err)
 	}
-	if cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey != plainKey {
-		t.Errorf("api_key = %q, want %q", cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey, plainKey)
+	if cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey() != plainKey {
+		t.Errorf("api_key = %q, want %q", cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey(), plainKey)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConfigParsesLogLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cfgPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
+	data := `{"version":1,"gateway":{"log_level":"debug"}}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(cfgPath, []byte(data), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("setup: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := LoadConfig(cfgPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig: %v", err)
+	}
+	if cfg.Gateway.LogLevel != "debug" {
+		t.Errorf("LogLevel = %q, want \"debug\"", cfg.Gateway.LogLevel)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConfigLogLevelEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cfgPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
+	data := `{"version":1}`
+	if err := os.WriteFile(cfgPath, []byte(data), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("setup: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := LoadConfig(cfgPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig: %v", err)
+	}
+	// When config omits log_level, the DefaultConfig value ("fatal") is preserved.
+	if cfg.Gateway.LogLevel != "fatal" {
+		t.Errorf("LogLevel = %q, want \"fatal\"", cfg.Gateway.LogLevel)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestModelConfig_ExtraBodyRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cfgPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.json")
+
+	cfg := &Config{
+		ModelList: []*ModelConfig{
+			{
+				ModelName: "test-model",
+				Model:     "openai/test",
+				apiKeys:   []string{"sk-test"},
+				ExtraBody: map[string]any{"custom_field": "value", "num_field": 42},
+			},
+		},
+		security: &SecurityConfig{
+			ModelList: map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{"test-model:0": {APIKeys: []string{"sk-test"}}},
+		},
+	}
+
+	if err := SaveConfig(cfgPath, cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	loaded, err := LoadConfig(cfgPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if loaded.ModelList[0].ExtraBody == nil {
+		t.Fatal("ExtraBody should not be nil after round-trip")
+	}
+	if got := loaded.ModelList[0].ExtraBody["custom_field"]; got != "value" {
+		t.Errorf("ExtraBody[custom_field] = %v, want value", got)
+	}
+	if got := loaded.ModelList[0].ExtraBody["num_field"]; got != float64(42) {
+		t.Errorf("ExtraBody[num_field] = %v, want 42", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefaultConfig_MinimaxExtraBody(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+
+	var minimaxCfg *ModelConfig
+	for i := range cfg.ModelList {
+		if cfg.ModelList[i].Model == "minimax/MiniMax-M2.5" {
+			minimaxCfg = cfg.ModelList[i]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if minimaxCfg == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Minimax model not found in ModelList")
+	}
+	if minimaxCfg.ExtraBody == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Minimax ExtraBody should not be nil")
+	}
+	if got, ok := minimaxCfg.ExtraBody["reasoning_split"]; !ok || got != true {
+		t.Fatalf("Minimax ExtraBody[reasoning_split] = %v, want true", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFilterSensitiveData(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test with nil security config
+	cfg := &Config{}
+	if got := cfg.FilterSensitiveData("hello sk-key123 world"); got != "hello sk-key123 world" {
+		t.Errorf("nil security: got %q, want original", got)
+	}
+
+	// Test with empty content
+	cfg.security = &SecurityConfig{}
+	if got := cfg.FilterSensitiveData(""); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("empty content: got %q, want empty", got)
+	}
+
+	// Test short content (less than FilterMinLength=8, should skip filtering)
+	cfg.security.ModelList = map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{
+		"test": {APIKeys: []string{"sk-long-key-12345"}},
+	}
+	cfg.Tools.FilterSensitiveData = true
+	cfg.Tools.FilterMinLength = 8
+
+	// Debug: check if sensitive values are collected
+	values := cfg.security.collectSensitiveValues()
+	t.Logf("collected %d sensitive values: %v", len(values), values)
+
+	if got := cfg.FilterSensitiveData("sk-key"); got != "sk-key" {
+		t.Errorf("short content should not be filtered: got %q", got)
+	}
+
+	// Test filtering works
+	content := "Your API key is sk-long-key-12345 and token abc123"
+	// abc123 is not in sensitive values, only sk-long-key-12345 should be filtered
+	expected := "Your API key is [FILTERED] and token abc123"
+	if got := cfg.FilterSensitiveData(content); got != expected {
+		t.Errorf("filtering failed: got %q, want %q", got, expected)
+	}
+
+	// Test disabled filtering
+	cfg.Tools.FilterSensitiveData = false
+	if got := cfg.FilterSensitiveData(content); got != content {
+		t.Errorf("disabled filtering: got %q, want original %q", got, content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFilterSensitiveData_MultipleKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &Config{
+		Tools: ToolsConfig{
+			FilterSensitiveData: true,
+			FilterMinLength:     8,
+		},
+	}
+	cfg.security = &SecurityConfig{
+		ModelList: map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{
+			"model1": {APIKeys: []string{"key-one", "key-two"}},
+			"model2": {APIKeys: []string{"key-three"}},
+		},
+	}
+
+	content := "key-one and key-two and key-three should be filtered"
+	expected := "[FILTERED] and [FILTERED] and [FILTERED] should be filtered"
+	if got := cfg.FilterSensitiveData(content); got != expected {
+		t.Errorf("multiple keys: got %q, want %q", got, expected)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFilterSensitiveData_AllTokenTypes(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &Config{
+		Tools: ToolsConfig{
+			FilterSensitiveData: true,
+			FilterMinLength:     8,
+		},
+	}
+	cfg.security = &SecurityConfig{
+		// Model API keys
+		ModelList: map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{
+			"test-model": {APIKeys: []string{"sk-model-key-12345"}},
+		},
+		// Channel tokens
+		Channels: &ChannelsSecurity{
+			Telegram: &TelegramSecurity{Token: "telegram-bot-token-abcdef"},
+			Discord:  &DiscordSecurity{Token: "discord-bot-token-xyz789"},
+			Slack:    &SlackSecurity{BotToken: "xoxb-slack-bot-token", AppToken: "xapp-slack-app-token"},
+			Matrix:   &MatrixSecurity{AccessToken: "matrix-access-token-abc"},
+			Feishu:   &FeishuSecurity{AppSecret: "feishu-app-secret-123", EncryptKey: "feishu-encrypt-key"},
+			DingTalk: &DingTalkSecurity{ClientSecret: "dingtalk-client-secret"},
+			OneBot:   &OneBotSecurity{AccessToken: "onebot-access-token"},
+			WeCom:    &WeComSecurity{Secret: "wecom-secret"},
+			Pico:     &PicoSecurity{Token: "pico-token-abc123"},
+			IRC: &IRCSecurity{
+				Password:         "irc-password",
+				NickServPassword: "nickserv-pass",
+				SASLPassword:     "sasl-pass",
+			},
+		},
+		// Web tool API keys
+		Web: &WebToolsSecurity{
+			Brave:       &BraveSecurity{APIKeys: []string{"brave-api-key"}},
+			Tavily:      &TavilySecurity{APIKeys: []string{"tavily-api-key"}},
+			Perplexity:  &PerplexitySecurity{APIKeys: []string{"perplexity-api-key"}},
+			GLMSearch:   &GLMSearchSecurity{APIKey: "glm-search-key"},
+			BaiduSearch: &BaiduSearchSecurity{APIKey: "baidu-search-key"},
+		},
+		// Skills tokens
+		Skills: &SkillsSecurity{
+			Github:  &GithubSecurity{Token: "github-token-xyz"},
+			ClawHub: &ClawHubSecurity{AuthToken: "clawhub-auth-token"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		content string
+		want    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "model_api_key",
+			content: "Using model with key sk-model-key-12345",
+			want:    "Using model with key [FILTERED]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "telegram_token",
+			content: "Telegram token: telegram-bot-token-abcdef",
+			want:    "Telegram token: [FILTERED]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "discord_token",
+			content: "Discord token: discord-bot-token-xyz789",
+			want:    "Discord token: [FILTERED]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "slack_tokens",
+			content: "Slack bot: xoxb-slack-bot-token, app: xapp-slack-app-token",
+			want:    "Slack bot: [FILTERED], app: [FILTERED]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "matrix_token",
+			content: "Matrix access token: matrix-access-token-abc",
+			want:    "Matrix access token: [FILTERED]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "brave_api_key",
+			content: "Brave key: brave-api-key",
+			want:    "Brave key: [FILTERED]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "tavily_api_key",
+			content: "Tavily key: tavily-api-key",
+			want:    "Tavily key: [FILTERED]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "github_token",
+			content: "GitHub token: github-token-xyz",
+			want:    "GitHub token: [FILTERED]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "irc_passwords",
+			content: "IRC password: irc-password, nickserv: nickserv-pass",
+			want:    "IRC password: [FILTERED], nickserv: [FILTERED]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "mixed_content",
+			content: "Model key sk-model-key-12345 and Telegram token telegram-bot-token-abcdef",
+			want:    "Model key [FILTERED] and Telegram token [FILTERED]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "short_key_not_filtered",
+			content: "Key abc not filtered because length < 8",
+			want:    "Key abc not filtered because length < 8",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := cfg.FilterSensitiveData(tt.content); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }
diff --git a/pkg/config/defaults.go b/pkg/config/defaults.go
index 0d2141ae1..b2148bbde 100644
--- a/pkg/config/defaults.go
+++ b/pkg/config/defaults.go
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ package config
 import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg"
 )
 
 // DefaultConfig returns the default configuration for PicoClaw.
@@ -19,26 +21,28 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 		homePath = picoclawHome
 	} else {
 		userHome, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
-		homePath = filepath.Join(userHome, ".picoclaw")
+		homePath = filepath.Join(userHome, pkg.DefaultPicoClawHome)
 	}
-	workspacePath := filepath.Join(homePath, "workspace")
+	workspacePath := filepath.Join(homePath, pkg.WorkspaceName)
 
 	return &Config{
+		Version: CurrentVersion,
 		Agents: AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace:                 workspacePath,
 				RestrictToWorkspace:       true,
 				Provider:                  "",
-				Model:                     "",
 				MaxTokens:                 32768,
 				Temperature:               nil, // nil means use provider default
 				MaxToolIterations:         50,
 				SummarizeMessageThreshold: 20,
 				SummarizeTokenPercent:     75,
+				SteeringMode:              "one-at-a-time",
 				ToolFeedback: ToolFeedbackConfig{
-					Enabled:       true,
+					Enabled:       false,
 					MaxArgsLength: 300,
 				},
+				SplitOnMarker: false,
 			},
 		},
 		Bindings: []AgentBinding{},
@@ -55,27 +59,22 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 			},
 			Telegram: TelegramConfig{
 				Enabled:   false,
-				Token:     "",
 				AllowFrom: FlexibleStringSlice{},
 				Typing:    TypingConfig{Enabled: true},
 				Placeholder: PlaceholderConfig{
 					Enabled: true,
-					Text:    "Thinking... 💭",
+					Text:    FlexibleStringSlice{"Thinking... 💭"},
 				},
 				Streaming:     StreamingConfig{Enabled: true, ThrottleSeconds: 3, MinGrowthChars: 200},
 				UseMarkdownV2: false,
 			},
 			Feishu: FeishuConfig{
-				Enabled:           false,
-				AppID:             "",
-				AppSecret:         "",
-				EncryptKey:        "",
-				VerificationToken: "",
-				AllowFrom:         FlexibleStringSlice{},
+				Enabled:   false,
+				AppID:     "",
+				AllowFrom: FlexibleStringSlice{},
 			},
 			Discord: DiscordConfig{
 				Enabled:     false,
-				Token:       "",
 				AllowFrom:   FlexibleStringSlice{},
 				MentionOnly: false,
 			},
@@ -88,28 +87,23 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 			QQ: QQConfig{
 				Enabled:              false,
 				AppID:                "",
-				AppSecret:            "",
 				AllowFrom:            FlexibleStringSlice{},
 				MaxMessageLength:     2000,
 				MaxBase64FileSizeMiB: 0,
 			},
 			DingTalk: DingTalkConfig{
-				Enabled:      false,
-				ClientID:     "",
-				ClientSecret: "",
-				AllowFrom:    FlexibleStringSlice{},
+				Enabled:   false,
+				ClientID:  "",
+				AllowFrom: FlexibleStringSlice{},
 			},
 			Slack: SlackConfig{
 				Enabled:   false,
-				BotToken:  "",
-				AppToken:  "",
 				AllowFrom: FlexibleStringSlice{},
 			},
 			Matrix: MatrixConfig{
 				Enabled:      false,
 				Homeserver:   "https://matrix.org",
 				UserID:       "",
-				AccessToken:  "",
 				DeviceID:     "",
 				JoinOnInvite: true,
 				AllowFrom:    FlexibleStringSlice{},
@@ -118,65 +112,41 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				},
 				Placeholder: PlaceholderConfig{
 					Enabled: true,
-					Text:    "Thinking... 💭",
+					Text:    FlexibleStringSlice{"Thinking... 💭"},
 				},
+				CryptoDatabasePath: "",
+				CryptoPassphrase:   "",
 			},
 			LINE: LINEConfig{
-				Enabled:            false,
-				ChannelSecret:      "",
-				ChannelAccessToken: "",
-				WebhookHost:        "0.0.0.0",
-				WebhookPort:        18791,
-				WebhookPath:        "/webhook/line",
-				AllowFrom:          FlexibleStringSlice{},
-				GroupTrigger:       GroupTriggerConfig{MentionOnly: true},
+				Enabled:      false,
+				WebhookHost:  "0.0.0.0",
+				WebhookPort:  18791,
+				WebhookPath:  "/webhook/line",
+				AllowFrom:    FlexibleStringSlice{},
+				GroupTrigger: GroupTriggerConfig{MentionOnly: true},
 			},
 			OneBot: OneBotConfig{
-				Enabled:            false,
-				WSUrl:              "ws://127.0.0.1:3001",
-				AccessToken:        "",
-				ReconnectInterval:  5,
-				GroupTriggerPrefix: []string{},
-				AllowFrom:          FlexibleStringSlice{},
+				Enabled:           false,
+				WSUrl:             "ws://127.0.0.1:3001",
+				ReconnectInterval: 5,
+				AllowFrom:         FlexibleStringSlice{},
 			},
 			WeCom: WeComConfig{
-				Enabled:        false,
-				Token:          "",
-				EncodingAESKey: "",
-				WebhookURL:     "",
-				WebhookHost:    "0.0.0.0",
-				WebhookPort:    18793,
-				WebhookPath:    "/webhook/wecom",
-				AllowFrom:      FlexibleStringSlice{},
-				ReplyTimeout:   5,
+				Enabled:             false,
+				BotID:               "",
+				WebSocketURL:        "wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com",
+				SendThinkingMessage: true,
+				AllowFrom:           FlexibleStringSlice{},
 			},
-			WeComApp: WeComAppConfig{
-				Enabled:        false,
-				CorpID:         "",
-				CorpSecret:     "",
-				AgentID:        0,
-				Token:          "",
-				EncodingAESKey: "",
-				WebhookHost:    "0.0.0.0",
-				WebhookPort:    18792,
-				WebhookPath:    "/webhook/wecom-app",
-				AllowFrom:      FlexibleStringSlice{},
-				ReplyTimeout:   5,
-			},
-			WeComAIBot: WeComAIBotConfig{
-				Enabled:           false,
-				Token:             "",
-				EncodingAESKey:    "",
-				WebhookPath:       "/webhook/wecom-aibot",
-				AllowFrom:         FlexibleStringSlice{},
-				ReplyTimeout:      5,
-				MaxSteps:          10,
-				WelcomeMessage:    "Hello! I'm your AI assistant. How can I help you today?",
-				ProcessingMessage: DefaultWeComAIBotProcessingMessage,
+			Weixin: WeixinConfig{
+				Enabled:    false,
+				BaseURL:    "https://ilinkai.weixin.qq.com/",
+				CDNBaseURL: "https://novac2c.cdn.weixin.qq.com/c2c",
+				AllowFrom:  FlexibleStringSlice{},
+				Proxy:      "",
 			},
 			Pico: PicoConfig{
 				Enabled:        false,
-				Token:          "",
 				PingInterval:   30,
 				ReadTimeout:    60,
 				WriteTimeout:   10,
@@ -184,10 +154,15 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				AllowFrom:      FlexibleStringSlice{},
 			},
 		},
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			OpenAI: OpenAIProviderConfig{WebSearch: true},
+		Hooks: HooksConfig{
+			Enabled: true,
+			Defaults: HookDefaultsConfig{
+				ObserverTimeoutMS:    500,
+				InterceptorTimeoutMS: 5000,
+				ApprovalTimeoutMS:    60000,
+			},
 		},
-		ModelList: []ModelConfig{
+		ModelList: []*ModelConfig{
 			// ============================================
 			// Add your API key to the model you want to use
 			// ============================================
@@ -197,7 +172,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "glm-4.7",
 				Model:     "zhipu/glm-4.7",
 				APIBase:   "https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// OpenAI - https://platform.openai.com/api-keys
@@ -205,7 +179,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "gpt-5.4",
 				Model:     "openai/gpt-5.4",
 				APIBase:   "https://api.openai.com/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// Anthropic Claude - https://console.anthropic.com/settings/keys
@@ -213,7 +186,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "claude-sonnet-4.6",
 				Model:     "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
 				APIBase:   "https://api.anthropic.com/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// DeepSeek - https://platform.deepseek.com/
@@ -221,7 +193,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "deepseek-chat",
 				Model:     "deepseek/deepseek-chat",
 				APIBase:   "https://api.deepseek.com/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// Google Gemini - https://ai.google.dev/
@@ -229,7 +200,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "gemini-2.0-flash",
 				Model:     "gemini/gemini-2.0-flash-exp",
 				APIBase:   "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// Qwen (通义千问) - https://dashscope.console.aliyun.com/apiKey
@@ -237,7 +207,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "qwen-plus",
 				Model:     "qwen/qwen-plus",
 				APIBase:   "https://dashscope.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// Moonshot (月之暗面) - https://platform.moonshot.cn/console/api-keys
@@ -245,7 +214,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "moonshot-v1-8k",
 				Model:     "moonshot/moonshot-v1-8k",
 				APIBase:   "https://api.moonshot.cn/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// Groq - https://console.groq.com/keys
@@ -253,7 +221,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "llama-3.3-70b",
 				Model:     "groq/llama-3.3-70b-versatile",
 				APIBase:   "https://api.groq.com/openai/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// OpenRouter (100+ models) - https://openrouter.ai/keys
@@ -261,13 +228,11 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "openrouter-auto",
 				Model:     "openrouter/auto",
 				APIBase:   "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 			{
 				ModelName: "openrouter-gpt-5.4",
 				Model:     "openrouter/openai/gpt-5.4",
 				APIBase:   "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// NVIDIA - https://build.nvidia.com/
@@ -275,7 +240,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "nemotron-4-340b",
 				Model:     "nvidia/nemotron-4-340b-instruct",
 				APIBase:   "https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// Cerebras - https://inference.cerebras.ai/
@@ -283,7 +247,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "cerebras-llama-3.3-70b",
 				Model:     "cerebras/llama-3.3-70b",
 				APIBase:   "https://api.cerebras.ai/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// Vivgrid - https://vivgrid.com
@@ -291,7 +254,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "vivgrid-auto",
 				Model:     "vivgrid/auto",
 				APIBase:   "https://api.vivgrid.com/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// Volcengine (火山引擎) - https://console.volcengine.com/ark
@@ -299,13 +261,11 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "ark-code-latest",
 				Model:     "volcengine/ark-code-latest",
 				APIBase:   "https://ark.cn-beijing.volces.com/api/v3",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 			{
 				ModelName: "doubao-pro",
 				Model:     "volcengine/doubao-pro-32k",
 				APIBase:   "https://ark.cn-beijing.volces.com/api/v3",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// ShengsuanYun (神算云)
@@ -313,7 +273,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "deepseek-v3",
 				Model:     "shengsuanyun/deepseek-v3",
 				APIBase:   "https://api.shengsuanyun.com/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// Antigravity (Google Cloud Code Assist) - OAuth only
@@ -336,7 +295,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "llama3",
 				Model:     "ollama/llama3",
 				APIBase:   "http://localhost:11434/v1",
-				APIKey:    "ollama",
 			},
 
 			// Mistral AI - https://console.mistral.ai/api-keys
@@ -344,7 +302,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "mistral-small",
 				Model:     "mistral/mistral-small-latest",
 				APIBase:   "https://api.mistral.ai/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// Avian - https://avian.io
@@ -352,13 +309,11 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "deepseek-v3.2",
 				Model:     "avian/deepseek/deepseek-v3.2",
 				APIBase:   "https://api.avian.io/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 			{
 				ModelName: "kimi-k2.5",
 				Model:     "avian/moonshotai/kimi-k2.5",
 				APIBase:   "https://api.avian.io/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// Minimax - https://api.minimaxi.com/
@@ -366,7 +321,7 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "MiniMax-M2.5",
 				Model:     "minimax/MiniMax-M2.5",
 				APIBase:   "https://api.minimaxi.com/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
+				ExtraBody: map[string]any{"reasoning_split": true},
 			},
 
 			// LongCat - https://longcat.chat/platform
@@ -374,7 +329,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "LongCat-Flash-Thinking",
 				Model:     "longcat/LongCat-Flash-Thinking",
 				APIBase:   "https://api.longcat.chat/openai",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// ModelScope (魔搭社区) - https://modelscope.cn/my/tokens
@@ -382,7 +336,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "modelscope-qwen",
 				Model:     "modelscope/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507",
 				APIBase:   "https://api-inference.modelscope.cn/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// VLLM (local) - http://localhost:8000
@@ -390,7 +343,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "local-model",
 				Model:     "vllm/custom-model",
 				APIBase:   "http://localhost:8000/v1",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 
 			// Azure OpenAI - https://portal.azure.com
@@ -399,15 +351,17 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				ModelName: "azure-gpt5",
 				Model:     "azure/my-gpt5-deployment",
 				APIBase:   "https://your-resource.openai.azure.com",
-				APIKey:    "",
 			},
 		},
 		Gateway: GatewayConfig{
 			Host:      "127.0.0.1",
 			Port:      18790,
 			HotReload: false,
+			LogLevel:  "fatal",
 		},
 		Tools: ToolsConfig{
+			FilterSensitiveData: true,
+			FilterMinLength:     8,
 			MediaCleanup: MediaCleanupConfig{
 				ToolConfig: ToolConfig{
 					Enabled: true,
@@ -425,14 +379,10 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				Format:          "plaintext",
 				Brave: BraveConfig{
 					Enabled:    false,
-					APIKey:     "",
-					APIKeys:    nil,
 					MaxResults: 5,
 				},
 				Tavily: TavilyConfig{
 					Enabled:    false,
-					APIKey:     "",
-					APIKeys:    nil,
 					MaxResults: 5,
 				},
 				DuckDuckGo: DuckDuckGoConfig{
@@ -441,8 +391,6 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				},
 				Perplexity: PerplexityConfig{
 					Enabled:    false,
-					APIKey:     "",
-					APIKeys:    nil,
 					MaxResults: 5,
 				},
 				SearXNG: SearXNGConfig{
@@ -452,11 +400,15 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 				},
 				GLMSearch: GLMSearchConfig{
 					Enabled:      false,
-					APIKey:       "",
 					BaseURL:      "https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4/web_search",
 					SearchEngine: "search_std",
 					MaxResults:   5,
 				},
+				BaiduSearch: BaiduSearchConfig{
+					Enabled:    false,
+					BaseURL:    "https://qianfan.baidubce.com/v2/ai_search/web_search",
+					MaxResults: 10,
+				},
 			},
 			Cron: CronToolsConfig{
 				ToolConfig: ToolConfig{
@@ -558,6 +510,7 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 			MonitorUSB: true,
 		},
 		Voice: VoiceConfig{
+			ModelName:         "",
 			EchoTranscription: false,
 		},
 		BuildInfo: BuildInfo{
@@ -566,5 +519,11 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 			BuildTime: BuildTime,
 			GoVersion: GoVersion,
 		},
+		security: &SecurityConfig{
+			ModelList: map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{},
+			Channels:  &ChannelsSecurity{},
+			Web:       &WebToolsSecurity{},
+			Skills:    &SkillsSecurity{},
+		},
 	}
 }
diff --git a/pkg/config/example_security_usage.go b/pkg/config/example_security_usage.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42a1831b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/config/example_security_usage.go
@@ -0,0 +1,586 @@
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+// This file demonstrates how to use the security configuration feature
+// It's not meant to be compiled, just for documentation purposes
+
+/*
+Package config
+
+# Example: Using Security Configuration
+
+## Overview
+
+The security configuration feature allows you to separate sensitive data (API keys,
+tokens, secrets, passwords) from your main configuration. The system automatically
+loads values from `.security.yml` and applies them to the corresponding fields in
+your config.
+
+**Key Points:**
+- Values from `.security.yml` are automatically mapped to config fields
+- No `ref:` syntax is needed - just omit sensitive fields from config.json
+- If a field exists in both files, `.security.yml` value takes precedence
+- You can mix direct values in config.json with security values
+
+## 1. Create .security.yml
+
+File: ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml
+
+```yaml
+# Model API Keys
+# All models MUST use 'api_keys' (plural) array format
+# Even a single key must be provided as an array with one element
+model_list:
+
+	gpt-5.4:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "sk-proj-your-actual-openai-key-1"
+	    - "sk-proj-your-actual-openai-key-2"  # Optional: Multiple keys for failover
+	claude-sonnet-4.6:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "sk-ant-your-actual-anthropic-key"  # Single key in array format
+
+# Channel Tokens
+channels:
+
+	telegram:
+	  token: "1234567890:ABCdefGHIjklMNOpqrsTUVwxyz"
+	discord:
+	  token: "your-discord-bot-token"
+
+# Web Tool Keys
+# Brave, Tavily, Perplexity: Use 'api_keys' array
+# GLMSearch, BaiduSearch: Use 'api_key' single string
+web:
+
+	brave:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "BSAyour-brave-api-key-1"
+	    - "BSAyour-brave-api-key-2"  # Optional: Multiple keys for failover
+	tavily:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "tvly-your-tavily-api-key"  # Single key in array format
+	perplexity:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "pplx-your-perplexity-api-key"  # Single key in array format
+	glm_search:
+	  api_key: "your-glm-search-api-key"  # Single key (not array)
+	baidu_search:
+	  api_key: "your-baidu-search-api-key"  # Single key (not array)
+
+```
+
+## 2. Simplify config.json
+
+File: ~/.picoclaw/config.json
+
+Note: Sensitive fields are omitted because they're loaded from .security.yml
+
+```json
+
+	{
+	  "version": 1,
+	  "agents": {
+	    "defaults": {
+	      "workspace": "~/picoclaw-workspace",
+	      "model_name": "gpt-5.4"
+	    }
+	  },
+	  "model_list": [
+	    {
+	      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+	      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+	      "api_base": "https://api.openai.com/v1"
+	      // api_key is automatically loaded from .security.yml
+	    },
+	    {
+	      "model_name": "claude-sonnet-4.6",
+	      "model": "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
+	      "api_base": "https://api.anthropic.com/v1"
+	      // api_key is automatically loaded from .security.yml
+	    }
+	  ],
+	  "channels": {
+	    "telegram": {
+	      "enabled": true
+	      // token is automatically loaded from .security.yml
+	    },
+	    "discord": {
+	      "enabled": true
+	      // token is automatically loaded from .security.yml
+	    }
+	  },
+	  "tools": {
+	    "web": {
+	      "brave": {
+	        "enabled": true
+	        // api_key is automatically loaded from .security.yml
+	      },
+	      "tavily": {
+	        "enabled": true
+	        // api_key is automatically loaded from .security.yml
+	      },
+	      "glm_search": {
+	        "enabled": true
+	        // api_key is automatically loaded from .security.yml
+	      },
+	      "baidu_search": {
+	        "enabled": true
+	        // api_key is automatically loaded from .security.yml
+	      }
+	    }
+	  }
+	}
+
+```
+
+## 3. Set proper permissions
+
+```bash
+chmod 600 ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml
+```
+
+## 4. Add to .gitignore
+
+```gitignore
+# Security configuration
+.security.yml
+```
+
+## 5. Verify it works
+
+```bash
+picoclaw --version
+```
+
+# Supported Fields in .security.yml
+
+## Model API Keys
+
+All models MUST use the `api_keys` (plural) array format in .security.yml.
+
+```yaml
+model_list:
+
+	<model_name>:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "key-1"
+	    - "key-2"  # Optional: Multiple keys for failover
+
+```
+
+Examples:
+```yaml
+model_list:
+
+	gpt-5.4:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "sk-proj-key-1"
+	    - "sk-proj-key-2"
+	claude-sonnet-4.6:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "sk-ant-key"
+
+```
+
+**Important:**
+- Always use `api_keys` (plural) for models
+- Even a single key must be in an array format
+- The model_name in .security.yml must match the model_name in config.json
+
+## Channel Tokens/Secrets
+
+```yaml
+channels:
+
+	telegram:
+	  token: "value"
+	feishu:
+	  app_secret: "value"
+	  encrypt_key: "value"
+	  verification_token: "value"
+	discord:
+	  token: "value"
+	weixin:
+	  token: "value"
+	qq:
+	  app_secret: "value"
+	dingtalk:
+	  client_secret: "value"
+	slack:
+	  bot_token: "value"
+	  app_token: "value"
+	matrix:
+	  access_token: "value"
+	line:
+	  channel_secret: "value"
+	  channel_access_token: "value"
+	onebot:
+	  access_token: "value"
+	wecom:
+	  token: "value"
+	  encoding_aes_key: "value"
+	wecom_app:
+	  corp_secret: "value"
+	  token: "value"
+	  encoding_aes_key: "value"
+	wecom_aibot:
+	  secret: "value"
+	  token: "value"
+	  encoding_aes_key: "value"
+	pico:
+	  token: "value"
+	irc:
+	  password: "value"
+	  nickserv_password: "value"
+	  sasl_password: "value"
+
+## Web Tool API Keys
+
+**Brave, Tavily, Perplexity:**
+```yaml
+web:
+
+	brave:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "BSA-key-1"
+	    - "BSA-key-2"
+	tavily:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "tvly-key"
+	perplexity:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "pplx-key"
+
+```
+Use `api_keys` (plural) array format.
+
+**GLMSearch, BaiduSearch:**
+```yaml
+web:
+
+	glm_search:
+	  api_key: "your-glm-key"
+	baidu_search:
+	  api_key: "your-baidu-key"
+
+```
+Use `api_key` (singular) single string format.
+
+## Skills Registry Tokens
+
+```yaml
+skills:
+
+	github:
+	  token: "value"
+	clawhub:
+	  auth_token: "value"
+
+```
+
+# Backward Compatibility
+
+You can still use direct values in config.json if needed:
+
+```json
+
+	{
+	  "model_list": [
+	    {
+	      "model_name": "local-model",
+	      "model": "ollama/llama3",
+	      "api_base": "http://localhost:11434/v1",
+	      "api_key": "ollama"  // Direct value (works fine)
+	    }
+	  ]
+	}
+
+```
+
+You can also mix security values and direct values:
+
+```json
+
+	{
+	  "model_list": [
+	    {
+	      "model_name": "cloud-model",
+	      // api_key loaded from .security.yml
+	    },
+	    {
+	      "model_name": "local-model",
+	      "model": "ollama/llama3",
+	      "api_base": "http://localhost:11434/v1",
+	      "api_key": "ollama"  // Direct value
+	    }
+	  ]
+	}
+
+```
+
+**Priority Order:**
+1. Environment variables (highest priority)
+2. .security.yml values
+3. config.json direct values (lowest priority)
+
+# Migration from Old Config
+
+## Step 1: Backup your config
+```bash
+cp ~/.picoclaw/config.json ~/.picoclaw/config.json.backup
+```
+
+## Step 2: Create .security.yml
+```bash
+cp security.example.yml ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml
+```
+
+## Step 3: Fill in your API keys
+Edit ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml and replace placeholders with your actual keys.
+
+## Step 4: Simplify config.json (Recommended)
+Remove sensitive fields from ~/.picoclaw/config.json:
+- `api_key` fields from model_list entries
+- `token` fields from channels
+- `api_key` fields from tools.web
+- `token`/`auth_token` fields from tools.skills
+
+## Step 5: Set permissions
+```bash
+chmod 600 ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml
+```
+
+## Step 6: Test
+```bash
+picoclaw --version
+```
+
+If everything works, you can delete the backup:
+```bash
+rm ~/.picoclaw/config.json.backup
+```
+
+# Advanced Features
+
+## Multiple API Keys (Load Balancing & Failover)
+
+You can configure multiple API keys for models and web tools to enable:
+- **Load balancing**: Requests are distributed across multiple keys
+- **Failover**: If a key fails, the system automatically switches to another key
+- **Rate limit management**: Distribute usage across multiple keys
+- **High availability**: Reduce downtime during API provider issues
+
+### Example: Model with Multiple Keys
+
+**.security.yml:**
+```yaml
+model_list:
+
+	gpt-5.4:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "sk-proj-key-1"
+	    - "sk-proj-key-2"
+	    - "sk-proj-key-3"
+
+```
+
+**config.json:**
+```json
+
+	{
+	  "model_list": [
+	    {
+	      "model_name": "gpt-5.4",
+	      "model": "openai/gpt-5.4",
+	      "api_base": "https://api.openai.com/v1"
+	    }
+	  ]
+	}
+
+```
+
+### Example: Web Tool with Multiple Keys
+
+**.security.yml:**
+```yaml
+web:
+
+	brave:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "BSA-key-1"
+	    - "BSA-key-2"
+	tavily:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "tvly-your-key"  # Single key in array format
+	glm_search:
+	  api_key: "your-glm-key"  # GLMSearch uses single key format
+
+```
+
+**config.json:**
+```json
+
+	{
+	  "tools": {
+	    "web": {
+	      "brave": {
+	        "enabled": true
+	      },
+	      "tavily": {
+	        "enabled": true
+	      },
+	      "glm_search": {
+	        "enabled": true
+	      }
+	    }
+	  }
+	}
+
+```
+
+## Single Key Format
+
+**Models, Brave, Tavily, Perplexity:**
+```yaml
+model_list:
+
+	gpt-5.4:
+	  api_keys:
+	    - "sk-proj-your-key"  # Single key in array format
+
+```
+
+**GLMSearch, BaiduSearch:**
+```yaml
+web:
+
+	glm_search:
+	  api_key: "your-glm-key"  # Single key (not array)
+
+```
+
+## Model Name Matching
+
+The system supports intelligent model name matching in .security.yml:
+
+### Example 1: Exact Match
+
+**config.json:**
+```json
+
+	{
+	  "model_name": "gpt-5.4:0"
+	}
+
+```
+
+**.security.yml (exact match with index):**
+```yaml
+model_list:
+
+	gpt-5.4:0:
+	  api_keys: ["key-1"]
+
+```
+
+### Example 2: Base Name Match
+
+**config.json:**
+```json
+
+	{
+	  "model_name": "gpt-5.4:0"
+	}
+
+```
+
+**.security.yml (base name without index):**
+```yaml
+model_list:
+
+	gpt-5.4:
+	  api_keys: ["key-1", "key-2"]
+
+```
+
+Both methods work. The base name match allows you to use simpler keys in .security.yml
+even when your config uses indexed model names for load balancing.
+
+## Security File Permissions
+
+The security file should have restricted permissions:
+
+```bash
+chmod 600 ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml
+```
+
+This ensures only the owner can read and write the file.
+
+# Security Best Practices
+
+1. Never commit .security.yml to version control
+2. Add .security.yml to your .gitignore file
+3. Set file permissions: chmod 600 ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml
+4. Use different keys for different environments (dev, staging, production)
+5. Rotate keys regularly and update .security.yml
+6. Encrypt backups containing .security.yml
+7. Review access regularly
+
+# Environment Variables
+
+You can override any security value using environment variables:
+
+```bash
+# Channels
+export PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_TOKEN="token-from-env"
+export PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_TOKEN="discord-token-from-env"
+
+# Web Tools
+export PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BRAVE_API_KEY="brave-key-from-env"
+export PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BAIDU_API_KEY="baidu-key-from-env"
+
+# Skills
+export PICOCLAW_TOOLS_SKILLS_GITHUB_TOKEN="github-token-from-env"
+```
+
+Environment variables have the highest priority and will override both config.json
+and .security.yml values.
+
+# Troubleshooting
+
+## Error: "failed to load security config"
+- Ensure .security.yml exists in the same directory as config.json
+- Check YAML syntax is valid (use a YAML validator)
+- Verify file permissions allow reading
+
+## Error: "model security entry not found"
+- Check that the model name in config.json matches exactly in .security.yml
+- Verify the model_list section exists in .security.yml
+- For indexed names (e.g., "gpt-5.4:0"), check both exact match and base name match
+- Ensure the YAML structure is correct (proper indentation)
+
+## Multiple API Keys Not Working
+- Ensure you're using `api_keys` (plural) in .security.yml for models and web tools (except GLMSearch/BaiduSearch)
+- Check that the array format is correct in YAML (proper indentation with dashes)
+- Remember: Models, Brave, Tavily, Perplexity MUST use `api_keys` (array format)
+- GLMSearch and BaiduSearch MUST use `api_key` (single string format)
+
+## Keys Not Being Applied
+- Check that .security.yml is in the same directory as config.json
+- Verify the file permissions allow reading (chmod 600 ~/.picoclaw/.security.yml)
+- Ensure the YAML structure matches the expected format
+- Check for typos in field names (case-sensitive)
+- Verify the model/channel names match exactly (case-sensitive)
+
+## Load Balancing/Failover Issues
+- Verify all API keys in the api_keys array are valid
+- Check that all keys have the same rate limits and permissions
+- Monitor logs to see which keys are being used and failing
+- Ensure the api_keys array is properly formatted in YAML
+*/
+package config
+
+// This file is documentation only
diff --git a/pkg/config/migration.go b/pkg/config/migration.go
index 832d8bf17..fee800a76 100644
--- a/pkg/config/migration.go
+++ b/pkg/config/migration.go
@@ -6,10 +6,15 @@
 package config
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 )
 
+type migratable interface {
+	Migrate() (*Config, error)
+}
+
 // buildModelWithProtocol constructs a model string with protocol prefix.
 // If the model already contains a "/" (indicating it has a protocol prefix), it is returned as-is.
 // Otherwise, the protocol prefix is added.
@@ -21,31 +26,31 @@ func buildModelWithProtocol(protocol, model string) string {
 	return protocol + "/" + model
 }
 
-// providerMigrationConfig defines how to migrate a provider from old config to new format.
-type providerMigrationConfig struct {
-	// providerNames are the possible names used in agents.defaults.provider
-	providerNames []string
-	// protocol is the protocol prefix for the model field
-	protocol string
-	// buildConfig creates the ModelConfig from ProviderConfig
-	buildConfig func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool)
-}
-
-// ConvertProvidersToModelList converts the old ProvidersConfig to a slice of ModelConfig.
+// v0ConvertProvidersToModelList converts the old providersConfigV0 to a slice of ModelConfig.
 // This enables backward compatibility with existing configurations.
 // It preserves the user's configured model from agents.defaults.model when possible.
-func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
+func v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *configV0) []modelConfigV0 {
 	if cfg == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	// providerMigrationConfig defines how to migrate a provider from old config to new format.
+	type providerMigrationConfig struct {
+		// providerNames are the possible names used in agents.defaults.provider
+		providerNames []string
+		// protocol is the protocol prefix for the model field
+		protocol string
+		// buildConfig creates the ModelConfig from ProviderConfig
+		buildConfig func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool)
+	}
+
 	// Get user's configured provider and model
 	userProvider := strings.ToLower(cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider)
 	userModel := cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetModelName()
 
 	p := cfg.Providers
 
-	var result []ModelConfig
+	var result []modelConfigV0
 
 	// Track if we've applied the legacy model name fix (only for first provider)
 	legacyModelNameApplied := false
@@ -55,11 +60,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"openai", "gpt"},
 			protocol:      "openai",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.OpenAI.APIKey == "" && p.OpenAI.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "openai",
 					Model:          "openai/gpt-5.4",
 					APIKey:         p.OpenAI.APIKey,
@@ -73,11 +78,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"anthropic", "claude"},
 			protocol:      "anthropic",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.Anthropic.APIKey == "" && p.Anthropic.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "anthropic",
 					Model:          "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
 					APIKey:         p.Anthropic.APIKey,
@@ -91,11 +96,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"litellm"},
 			protocol:      "litellm",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.LiteLLM.APIKey == "" && p.LiteLLM.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "litellm",
 					Model:          "litellm/auto",
 					APIKey:         p.LiteLLM.APIKey,
@@ -108,11 +113,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"openrouter"},
 			protocol:      "openrouter",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.OpenRouter.APIKey == "" && p.OpenRouter.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "openrouter",
 					Model:          "openrouter/auto",
 					APIKey:         p.OpenRouter.APIKey,
@@ -125,11 +130,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"groq"},
 			protocol:      "groq",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.Groq.APIKey == "" && p.Groq.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "groq",
 					Model:          "groq/llama-3.1-70b-versatile",
 					APIKey:         p.Groq.APIKey,
@@ -142,11 +147,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"zhipu", "glm"},
 			protocol:      "zhipu",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.Zhipu.APIKey == "" && p.Zhipu.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "zhipu",
 					Model:          "zhipu/glm-4",
 					APIKey:         p.Zhipu.APIKey,
@@ -159,11 +164,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"vllm"},
 			protocol:      "vllm",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.VLLM.APIKey == "" && p.VLLM.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "vllm",
 					Model:          "vllm/auto",
 					APIKey:         p.VLLM.APIKey,
@@ -176,11 +181,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"gemini", "google"},
 			protocol:      "gemini",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.Gemini.APIKey == "" && p.Gemini.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "gemini",
 					Model:          "gemini/gemini-pro",
 					APIKey:         p.Gemini.APIKey,
@@ -193,11 +198,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"nvidia"},
 			protocol:      "nvidia",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.Nvidia.APIKey == "" && p.Nvidia.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "nvidia",
 					Model:          "nvidia/meta/llama-3.1-8b-instruct",
 					APIKey:         p.Nvidia.APIKey,
@@ -210,11 +215,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"ollama"},
 			protocol:      "ollama",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.Ollama.APIKey == "" && p.Ollama.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "ollama",
 					Model:          "ollama/llama3",
 					APIKey:         p.Ollama.APIKey,
@@ -227,11 +232,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"moonshot", "kimi"},
 			protocol:      "moonshot",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.Moonshot.APIKey == "" && p.Moonshot.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "moonshot",
 					Model:          "moonshot/kimi",
 					APIKey:         p.Moonshot.APIKey,
@@ -244,11 +249,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"shengsuanyun"},
 			protocol:      "shengsuanyun",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.ShengSuanYun.APIKey == "" && p.ShengSuanYun.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "shengsuanyun",
 					Model:          "shengsuanyun/auto",
 					APIKey:         p.ShengSuanYun.APIKey,
@@ -261,11 +266,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"deepseek"},
 			protocol:      "deepseek",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.DeepSeek.APIKey == "" && p.DeepSeek.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "deepseek",
 					Model:          "deepseek/deepseek-chat",
 					APIKey:         p.DeepSeek.APIKey,
@@ -278,11 +283,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"cerebras"},
 			protocol:      "cerebras",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.Cerebras.APIKey == "" && p.Cerebras.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "cerebras",
 					Model:          "cerebras/llama-3.3-70b",
 					APIKey:         p.Cerebras.APIKey,
@@ -295,11 +300,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"vivgrid"},
 			protocol:      "vivgrid",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.Vivgrid.APIKey == "" && p.Vivgrid.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "vivgrid",
 					Model:          "vivgrid/auto",
 					APIKey:         p.Vivgrid.APIKey,
@@ -312,11 +317,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"volcengine", "doubao"},
 			protocol:      "volcengine",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.VolcEngine.APIKey == "" && p.VolcEngine.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "volcengine",
 					Model:          "volcengine/doubao-pro",
 					APIKey:         p.VolcEngine.APIKey,
@@ -329,11 +334,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"github_copilot", "copilot"},
 			protocol:      "github-copilot",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.GitHubCopilot.APIKey == "" && p.GitHubCopilot.APIBase == "" && p.GitHubCopilot.ConnectMode == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:   "github-copilot",
 					Model:       "github-copilot/gpt-5.4",
 					APIBase:     p.GitHubCopilot.APIBase,
@@ -344,11 +349,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"antigravity"},
 			protocol:      "antigravity",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.Antigravity.APIKey == "" && p.Antigravity.AuthMethod == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:  "antigravity",
 					Model:      "antigravity/gemini-2.0-flash",
 					APIKey:     p.Antigravity.APIKey,
@@ -359,11 +364,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"qwen", "tongyi"},
 			protocol:      "qwen",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.Qwen.APIKey == "" && p.Qwen.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "qwen",
 					Model:          "qwen/qwen-max",
 					APIKey:         p.Qwen.APIKey,
@@ -376,11 +381,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"mistral"},
 			protocol:      "mistral",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.Mistral.APIKey == "" && p.Mistral.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "mistral",
 					Model:          "mistral/mistral-small-latest",
 					APIKey:         p.Mistral.APIKey,
@@ -393,11 +398,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"avian"},
 			protocol:      "avian",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.Avian.APIKey == "" && p.Avian.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "avian",
 					Model:          "avian/deepseek/deepseek-v3.2",
 					APIKey:         p.Avian.APIKey,
@@ -410,11 +415,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"longcat"},
 			protocol:      "longcat",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.LongCat.APIKey == "" && p.LongCat.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "longcat",
 					Model:          "longcat/LongCat-Flash-Thinking",
 					APIKey:         p.LongCat.APIKey,
@@ -427,11 +432,11 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 		{
 			providerNames: []string{"modelscope"},
 			protocol:      "modelscope",
-			buildConfig: func(p ProvidersConfig) (ModelConfig, bool) {
+			buildConfig: func(p providersConfigV0) (modelConfigV0, bool) {
 				if p.ModelScope.APIKey == "" && p.ModelScope.APIBase == "" {
-					return ModelConfig{}, false
+					return modelConfigV0{}, false
 				}
-				return ModelConfig{
+				return modelConfigV0{
 					ModelName:      "modelscope",
 					Model:          "modelscope/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507",
 					APIKey:         p.ModelScope.APIKey,
@@ -469,83 +474,63 @@ func ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg *Config) []ModelConfig {
 	return result
 }
 
-// protocolProviderMapping maps a model protocol prefix (the part before "/" in
-// the Model field) to a function that extracts the corresponding ProviderConfig
-// from the legacy ProvidersConfig.  Used by InheritProviderCredentials.
-var protocolProviderMapping = map[string]func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig{
-	"openai":         func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.OpenAI.ProviderConfig },
-	"anthropic":      func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Anthropic },
-	"litellm":        func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.LiteLLM },
-	"openrouter":     func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.OpenRouter },
-	"groq":           func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Groq },
-	"zhipu":          func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Zhipu },
-	"vllm":           func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.VLLM },
-	"gemini":         func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Gemini },
-	"nvidia":         func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Nvidia },
-	"ollama":         func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Ollama },
-	"moonshot":       func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Moonshot },
-	"shengsuanyun":   func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.ShengSuanYun },
-	"deepseek":       func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.DeepSeek },
-	"cerebras":       func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Cerebras },
-	"vivgrid":        func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Vivgrid },
-	"volcengine":     func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.VolcEngine },
-	"github-copilot": func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.GitHubCopilot },
-	"antigravity":    func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Antigravity },
-	"qwen":           func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Qwen },
-	"mistral":        func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Mistral },
-	"avian":          func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Avian },
-	"minimax":        func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Minimax },
-	"longcat":        func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.LongCat },
-	"modelscope":     func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.ModelScope },
-	"novita":         func(p ProvidersConfig) ProviderConfig { return p.Novita },
-}
-
-// InheritProviderCredentials fills in missing api_key, api_base, proxy, and
-// request_timeout on model_list entries from the matching legacy providers
-// configuration.  The match is determined by the protocol prefix in the Model
-// field (e.g. "deepseek/deepseek-chat" matches providers.deepseek).
-//
-// Only empty fields are filled — any value explicitly set on a model_list entry
-// takes precedence.  This function modifies the slice in place.
-//
-// This bridges the gap described in issue #1635: users who configure
-// credentials once in the providers section expect model_list entries using
-// the same protocol to "just work" without duplicating credentials.
-func InheritProviderCredentials(models []ModelConfig, providers ProvidersConfig) {
-	if providers.IsEmpty() {
-		return
+// loadConfigV0 loads a legacy config (no version field)
+func loadConfigV0(data []byte) (migratable, error) {
+	var v0 configV0
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &v0); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	for i := range models {
-		m := &models[i]
+	v0.migrateChannelConfigs()
 
-		// Extract protocol prefix from Model field
-		protocol := ""
-		if idx := strings.Index(m.Model, "/"); idx > 0 {
-			protocol = strings.ToLower(m.Model[:idx])
-		}
-		if protocol == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		getProvider, ok := protocolProviderMapping[protocol]
-		if !ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		pc := getProvider(providers)
-
-		// Only fill empty fields — explicit model_list values win
-		if m.APIKey == "" && pc.APIKey != "" {
-			m.APIKey = pc.APIKey
-		}
-		if m.APIBase == "" && pc.APIBase != "" {
-			m.APIBase = pc.APIBase
-		}
-		if m.Proxy == "" && pc.Proxy != "" {
-			m.Proxy = pc.Proxy
-		}
-		if m.RequestTimeout == 0 && pc.RequestTimeout != 0 {
-			m.RequestTimeout = pc.RequestTimeout
+	// Auto-migrate: if only legacy providers config exists, convert to model_list
+	if len(v0.ModelList) == 0 && !v0.Providers.IsEmpty() {
+		newModelList := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(&v0)
+		// Convert []ModelConfig to []modelConfigV0
+		v0.ModelList = make([]modelConfigV0, len(newModelList))
+		for i, m := range newModelList {
+			v0.ModelList[i] = modelConfigV0{
+				ModelName:      m.ModelName,
+				Model:          m.Model,
+				APIBase:        m.APIBase,
+				Proxy:          m.Proxy,
+				Fallbacks:      m.Fallbacks,
+				AuthMethod:     m.AuthMethod,
+				ConnectMode:    m.ConnectMode,
+				Workspace:      m.Workspace,
+				RPM:            m.RPM,
+				MaxTokensField: m.MaxTokensField,
+				RequestTimeout: m.RequestTimeout,
+				ThinkingLevel:  m.ThinkingLevel,
+				APIKey:         m.APIKey,
+				APIKeys:        m.APIKeys,
+			}
 		}
 	}
+
+	return &v0, nil
+}
+
+// loadConfigV1 loads a version 1 config (current schema)
+func loadConfig(data []byte) (*Config, error) {
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+
+	// Pre-scan the JSON to check how many model_list entries the user provided.
+	// Go's JSON decoder reuses existing slice backing-array elements rather than
+	// zero-initializing them, so fields absent from the user's JSON (e.g. api_base)
+	// would silently inherit values from the DefaultConfig template at the same
+	// index position. We only reset cfg.ModelList when the user actually provides
+	// entries; when count is 0 we keep DefaultConfig's built-in list as fallback.
+	var tmp Config
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tmp); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(tmp.ModelList) > 0 {
+		cfg.ModelList = nil
+	}
+
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, cfg); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return cfg, nil
 }
diff --git a/pkg/config/migration_integration_test.go b/pkg/config/migration_integration_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..49d2a5831
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/config/migration_integration_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,683 @@
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestMigration_Integration_LegacyConfigWithoutWorkspace tests the issue reported:
+// User configured Model and Provider but no Workspace - settings should not be lost
+func TestMigration_Integration_LegacyConfigWithoutWorkspace(t *testing.T) {
+	// Create a temporary directory for test config files
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+
+	// Create a legacy config (version 0) with Model and Provider but NO Workspace
+	// This simulates the real-world scenario where user settings would be lost
+	legacyConfig := `{
+		"agents": {
+			"defaults": {
+				"provider": "openai",
+				"model": "gpt-4o",
+				"max_tokens": 8192,
+				"temperature": 0.7
+			}
+		},
+		"channels": {
+			"telegram": {
+				"enabled": true,
+				"token": "test-token"
+			}
+		},
+		"gateway": {
+			"host": "127.0.0.1",
+			"port": 18790
+		},
+		"tools": {
+			"web": {
+				"enabled": true
+			}
+		},
+		"heartbeat": {
+			"enabled": true,
+			"interval": 30
+		},
+		"devices": {
+			"enabled": false
+		}
+	}`
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(legacyConfig), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to write legacy config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Load the config - this should trigger migration
+	cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify version is updated
+	if cfg.Version != CurrentVersion {
+		t.Errorf("Version = %d, want %d", cfg.Version, CurrentVersion)
+	}
+
+	// CRITICAL: Verify that user's settings are preserved
+	// This was the bug - these settings were lost when Workspace was empty
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider != "openai" {
+		t.Errorf("Provider = %q, want %q (user's setting should be preserved)", cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider, "openai")
+	}
+	// Old "model" field is migrated to "model_name" field
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName != "gpt-4o" {
+		t.Errorf(
+			"ModelName = %q, want %q (user's setting should be preserved)",
+			cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName, "gpt-4o",
+		)
+	}
+	// GetModelName() should also return the migrated value
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetModelName() != "gpt-4o" {
+		t.Errorf("GetModelName() = %q, want %q", cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetModelName(), "gpt-4o")
+	}
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens != 8192 {
+		t.Errorf("MaxTokens = %d, want %d", cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens, 8192)
+	}
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.Temperature == nil {
+		t.Error("Temperature should not be nil")
+	} else if *cfg.Agents.Defaults.Temperature != 0.7 {
+		t.Errorf("Temperature = %v, want %v", *cfg.Agents.Defaults.Temperature, 0.7)
+	}
+
+	// Verify Workspace has a default value (should not be empty)
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace == "" {
+		t.Error("Workspace should have a default value, not be empty")
+	}
+
+	// Verify other config sections are preserved
+	if !cfg.Channels.Telegram.Enabled {
+		t.Error("Telegram.Enabled should be true")
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.Telegram.Token() != "test-token" {
+		t.Errorf("Telegram.Token = %q, want %q", cfg.Channels.Telegram.Token(), "test-token")
+	}
+	if cfg.Gateway.Port != 18790 {
+		t.Errorf("Gateway.Port = %d, want %d", cfg.Gateway.Port, 18790)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMigration_Integration_LegacyConfigWithWorkspace tests migration with Workspace set
+func TestMigration_Integration_LegacyConfigWithWorkspace(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+
+	legacyConfig := `{
+		"agents": {
+			"defaults": {
+				"workspace": "/custom/workspace",
+				"provider": "deepseek",
+				"model": "deepseek-chat",
+				"max_tokens": 16384
+			}
+		},
+		"channels": {
+			"telegram": {
+				"enabled": false
+			}
+		},
+		"gateway": {
+			"host": "0.0.0.0",
+			"port": 8080
+		},
+		"tools": {
+			"web": {
+				"enabled": false
+			}
+		},
+		"heartbeat": {
+			"enabled": false
+		},
+		"devices": {
+			"enabled": true
+		}
+	}`
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(legacyConfig), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to write legacy config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// All user settings should be preserved
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace != "/custom/workspace" {
+		t.Errorf("Workspace = %q, want %q", cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace, "/custom/workspace")
+	}
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider != "deepseek" {
+		t.Errorf("Provider = %q, want %q", cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider, "deepseek")
+	}
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName != "deepseek-chat" {
+		t.Errorf("ModelName = %q, want %q", cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName, "deepseek-chat")
+	}
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens != 16384 {
+		t.Errorf("MaxTokens = %d, want %d", cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens, 16384)
+	}
+
+	// Verify other settings
+	if cfg.Gateway.Port != 8080 {
+		t.Errorf("Gateway.Port = %d, want %d", cfg.Gateway.Port, 8080)
+	}
+	if !cfg.Devices.Enabled {
+		t.Error("Devices.Enabled should be true")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMigration_Integration_PreservesAllAgentsFields tests that ALL Agents fields are preserved
+func TestMigration_Integration_PreservesAllAgentsFields(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+
+	legacyConfig := `{
+		"agents": {
+			"defaults": {
+				"workspace": "",
+				"restrict_to_workspace": false,
+				"allow_read_outside_workspace": true,
+				"provider": "anthropic",
+				"model": "claude-opus-4",
+				"model_fallbacks": ["claude-sonnet-4", "claude-haiku-4"],
+				"image_model": "claude-opus-4-vision",
+				"image_model_fallbacks": ["claude-sonnet-4-vision"],
+				"max_tokens": 4096,
+				"temperature": 0.5,
+				"max_tool_iterations": 100,
+				"summarize_message_threshold": 30,
+				"summarize_token_percent": 80,
+				"max_media_size": 10485760
+			},
+			"list": [
+				{
+					"id": "special-agent",
+					"default": false,
+					"name": "Special Agent",
+					"workspace": "/special/workspace"
+				}
+			]
+		},
+		"channels": {
+			"telegram": {"enabled": false}
+		},
+		"gateway": {
+			"host": "127.0.0.1",
+			"port": 18790
+		},
+		"tools": {
+			"web": {"enabled": true}
+		},
+		"heartbeat": {
+			"enabled": true,
+			"interval": 30
+		},
+		"devices": {
+			"enabled": false
+		}
+	}`
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(legacyConfig), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to write legacy config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify ALL defaults fields are preserved
+	d := cfg.Agents.Defaults
+
+	if d.RestrictToWorkspace != false {
+		t.Errorf("RestrictToWorkspace = %v, want false", d.RestrictToWorkspace)
+	}
+	if d.AllowReadOutsideWorkspace != true {
+		t.Errorf("AllowReadOutsideWorkspace = %v, want true", d.AllowReadOutsideWorkspace)
+	}
+	if d.Provider != "anthropic" {
+		t.Errorf("Provider = %q, want %q", d.Provider, "anthropic")
+	}
+	if d.ModelName != "claude-opus-4" {
+		t.Errorf("ModelName = %q, want %q", d.ModelName, "claude-opus-4")
+	}
+	if len(d.ModelFallbacks) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("len(ModelFallbacks) = %d, want 2", len(d.ModelFallbacks))
+	} else {
+		if d.ModelFallbacks[0] != "claude-sonnet-4" {
+			t.Errorf("ModelFallbacks[0] = %q, want %q", d.ModelFallbacks[0], "claude-sonnet-4")
+		}
+		if d.ModelFallbacks[1] != "claude-haiku-4" {
+			t.Errorf("ModelFallbacks[1] = %q, want %q", d.ModelFallbacks[1], "claude-haiku-4")
+		}
+	}
+	if d.ImageModel != "claude-opus-4-vision" {
+		t.Errorf("ImageModel = %q, want %q", d.ImageModel, "claude-opus-4-vision")
+	}
+	if len(d.ImageModelFallbacks) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("len(ImageModelFallbacks) = %d, want 1", len(d.ImageModelFallbacks))
+	} else if d.ImageModelFallbacks[0] != "claude-sonnet-4-vision" {
+		t.Errorf("ImageModelFallbacks[0] = %q, want %q", d.ImageModelFallbacks[0], "claude-sonnet-4-vision")
+	}
+	if d.MaxTokens != 4096 {
+		t.Errorf("MaxTokens = %d, want %d", d.MaxTokens, 4096)
+	}
+	if d.Temperature == nil || *d.Temperature != 0.5 {
+		t.Errorf("Temperature = %v, want 0.5", d.Temperature)
+	}
+	if d.MaxToolIterations != 100 {
+		t.Errorf("MaxToolIterations = %d, want %d", d.MaxToolIterations, 100)
+	}
+	if d.SummarizeMessageThreshold != 30 {
+		t.Errorf("SummarizeMessageThreshold = %d, want %d", d.SummarizeMessageThreshold, 30)
+	}
+	if d.SummarizeTokenPercent != 80 {
+		t.Errorf("SummarizeTokenPercent = %d, want %d", d.SummarizeTokenPercent, 80)
+	}
+	if d.MaxMediaSize != 10485760 {
+		t.Errorf("MaxMediaSize = %d, want %d", d.MaxMediaSize, 10485760)
+	}
+
+	// Verify agent list is preserved
+	if len(cfg.Agents.List) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("len(Agents.List) = %d, want 1", len(cfg.Agents.List))
+	}
+	if cfg.Agents.List[0].ID != "special-agent" {
+		t.Errorf("Agent.ID = %q, want %q", cfg.Agents.List[0].ID, "special-agent")
+	}
+	if cfg.Agents.List[0].Workspace != "/special/workspace" {
+		t.Errorf("Agent.Workspace = %q, want %q", cfg.Agents.List[0].Workspace, "/special/workspace")
+	}
+
+	// Workspace should have default since it was empty in legacy config
+	if d.Workspace == "" {
+		t.Error("Workspace should have a default value, not be empty")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMigration_Integration_ChannelsConfigMigrated tests channel config migration
+func TestMigration_Integration_ChannelsConfigMigrated(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+
+	// Legacy config with old channel field formats
+	legacyConfig := `{
+		"agents": {
+			"defaults": {}
+		},
+		"channels": {
+			"discord": {
+				"enabled": true,
+				"token": "discord-token",
+				"mention_only": true
+			},
+			"onebot": {
+				"enabled": true,
+				"ws_url": "ws://127.0.0.1:3001",
+				"group_trigger_prefix": ["/", "!"]
+			}
+		},
+		"gateway": {
+			"host": "127.0.0.1",
+			"port": 18790
+		},
+		"tools": {
+			"web": {"enabled": true}
+		},
+		"heartbeat": {
+			"enabled": true,
+			"interval": 30
+		},
+		"devices": {
+			"enabled": false
+		}
+	}`
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(legacyConfig), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to write legacy config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Discord: mention_only should be migrated to group_trigger.mention_only
+	if cfg.Channels.Discord.GroupTrigger.MentionOnly != true {
+		t.Error("Discord.GroupTrigger.MentionOnly should be true after migration")
+	}
+
+	// OneBot: group_trigger_prefix should be migrated to group_trigger.prefixes
+	if len(cfg.Channels.OneBot.GroupTrigger.Prefixes) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("len(OneBot.GroupTrigger.Prefixes) = %d, want 2", len(cfg.Channels.OneBot.GroupTrigger.Prefixes))
+	} else {
+		if cfg.Channels.OneBot.GroupTrigger.Prefixes[0] != "/" {
+			t.Errorf("Prefixes[0] = %q, want %q", cfg.Channels.OneBot.GroupTrigger.Prefixes[0], "/")
+		}
+		if cfg.Channels.OneBot.GroupTrigger.Prefixes[1] != "!" {
+			t.Errorf("Prefixes[1] = %q, want %q", cfg.Channels.OneBot.GroupTrigger.Prefixes[1], "!")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMigration_Integration_RoundTrip_SerializeAndLoad tests that migrated config can be saved and reloaded
+func TestMigration_Integration_RoundTrip_SerializeAndLoad(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+
+	legacyConfig := `{
+		"agents": {
+			"defaults": {
+				"provider": "openai",
+				"model": "gpt-4o",
+				"max_tokens": 8192
+			}
+		},
+		"channels": {
+			"telegram": {
+				"enabled": true,
+				"token": "test-token"
+			}
+		},
+		"gateway": {
+			"host": "127.0.0.1",
+			"port": 18790
+		},
+		"tools": {
+			"web": {"enabled": true}
+		},
+		"heartbeat": {
+			"enabled": true,
+			"interval": 30
+		},
+		"devices": {
+			"enabled": false
+		}
+	}`
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(legacyConfig), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to write legacy config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// First load - triggers migration and saves
+	cfg1, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("First LoadConfig failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Read the migrated config from disk
+	migratedData, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to read migrated config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify it has the current version
+	var versionCheck struct {
+		Version int `json:"version"`
+	}
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(migratedData, &versionCheck); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to parse migrated config version: %v", err)
+	}
+	if versionCheck.Version != CurrentVersion {
+		t.Errorf("Migrated config version = %d, want %d", versionCheck.Version, CurrentVersion)
+	}
+
+	// Second load - should load the migrated config without changes
+	cfg2, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Second LoadConfig failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify configs are identical
+	if cfg2.Agents.Defaults.Provider != cfg1.Agents.Defaults.Provider {
+		t.Errorf("Provider changed from %q to %q", cfg1.Agents.Defaults.Provider, cfg2.Agents.Defaults.Provider)
+	}
+	if cfg2.Agents.Defaults.ModelName != cfg1.Agents.Defaults.ModelName {
+		t.Errorf("ModelName changed from %q to %q", cfg1.Agents.Defaults.ModelName, cfg2.Agents.Defaults.ModelName)
+	}
+	if cfg2.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens != cfg1.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens {
+		t.Errorf("MaxTokens changed from %d to %d", cfg1.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens, cfg2.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMigration_Integration_EmptyAgentsDefaults tests migration with completely empty agents config
+func TestMigration_Integration_EmptyAgentsDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+
+	// Legacy config with empty agents defaults
+	legacyConfig := `{
+		"agents": {
+			"defaults": {}
+		},
+		"channels": {
+			"telegram": {"enabled": false}
+		},
+		"gateway": {
+			"host": "127.0.0.1",
+			"port": 18790
+		},
+		"tools": {
+			"web": {"enabled": true}
+		},
+		"heartbeat": {
+			"enabled": true,
+			"interval": 30
+		},
+		"devices": {
+			"enabled": false
+		}
+	}`
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(legacyConfig), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to write legacy config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Workspace should have default value
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace == "" {
+		t.Error("Workspace should have a default value")
+	}
+
+	// Note: When fields are explicitly set in config (even to zero values),
+	// they override defaults. This is correct JSON unmarshaling behavior.
+	// Users should set values they want; defaults are for unspecified fields.
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxTokens == 0 {
+		// This is expected when users don't set max_tokens in their config
+		// The zero value (0) from the legacy config is preserved
+	}
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.MaxToolIterations == 0 {
+		// Same as above - zero value is preserved if it was in the config
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMigration_Integration_ModelNameField tests migration using new model_name field
+func TestMigration_Integration_ModelNameField(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+
+	// Legacy config using the new model_name field
+	legacyConfig := `{
+		"agents": {
+			"defaults": {
+				"provider": "deepseek",
+				"model_name": "deepseek-reasoner",
+				"model_fallbacks": ["deepseek-chat"]
+			}
+		},
+		"channels": {
+			"telegram": {"enabled": false}
+		},
+		"gateway": {
+			"host": "127.0.0.1",
+			"port": 18790
+		},
+		"tools": {
+			"web": {"enabled": true}
+		},
+		"heartbeat": {
+			"enabled": true,
+			"interval": 30
+		},
+		"devices": {
+			"enabled": false
+		}
+	}`
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(legacyConfig), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to write legacy config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// model_name field should be preserved
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName != "deepseek-reasoner" {
+		t.Errorf("ModelName = %q, want %q", cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName, "deepseek-reasoner")
+	}
+
+	// GetModelName() should return model_name, not model (deprecated)
+	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetModelName() != "deepseek-reasoner" {
+		t.Errorf("GetModelName() = %q, want %q", cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetModelName(), "deepseek-reasoner")
+	}
+
+	if len(cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelFallbacks) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("len(ModelFallbacks) = %d, want 1", len(cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelFallbacks))
+	} else if cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelFallbacks[0] != "deepseek-chat" {
+		t.Errorf("ModelFallbacks[0] = %q, want %q", cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelFallbacks[0], "deepseek-chat")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMigration_PreservesExistingSecurityConfig tests that when migrating from v0 to v1,
+// existing .security.yml values (e.g., loaded from environment variables) are preserved
+// and not overwritten by empty values from the legacy config.
+func TestMigration_PreservesExistingSecurityConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+	securityPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, ".security.yml")
+
+	// Create a legacy config (version 0) with model_list and channel config
+	// The model_list doesn't have api_keys, they should come from existing .security.yml
+	legacyConfig := `{
+		"agents": {
+			"defaults": {
+				"provider": "openai",
+				"model": "gpt-4"
+			}
+		},
+		"model_list": [
+			{
+				"model_name": "openai",
+				"model": "openai/gpt-4"
+			}
+		],
+		"channels": {
+			"telegram": {
+				"enabled": true
+			}
+		},
+		"gateway": {
+			"host": "127.0.0.1",
+			"port": 18790
+		},
+		"tools": {
+			"web": {"enabled": true}
+		},
+		"heartbeat": {
+			"enabled": true,
+			"interval": 30
+		},
+		"devices": {
+			"enabled": false
+		}
+	}`
+
+	// Create an existing .security.yml with values that might come from env vars
+	existingSecurity := `model_list:
+  openai:0:
+    api_keys:
+      - sk-existing-key-from-env
+channels:
+  telegram:
+    token: existing-telegram-token-from-env
+  discord:
+    token: existing-discord-token-from-env
+web:
+  brave:
+    api_keys:
+      - existing-brave-key
+`
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(legacyConfig), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to write legacy config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(securityPath, []byte(existingSecurity), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to write existing security config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Load the config - this should trigger migration
+	cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify that the migrated config has the existing security values
+	// Telegram token should be preserved
+	if cfg.Channels.Telegram.Token() != "existing-telegram-token-from-env" {
+		t.Errorf("Telegram token was overwritten: got %q, want %q",
+			cfg.Channels.Telegram.Token(), "existing-telegram-token-from-env")
+	}
+
+	// Discord token should be preserved (even though legacy config didn't have it)
+	if cfg.Channels.Discord.Token() != "existing-discord-token-from-env" {
+		t.Errorf("Discord token was overwritten: got %q, want %q",
+			cfg.Channels.Discord.Token(), "existing-discord-token-from-env")
+	}
+
+	// Model API key should be preserved
+	if cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey() != "sk-existing-key-from-env" {
+		t.Errorf("Model API key was overwritten: got %q, want %q",
+			cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey(), "sk-existing-key-from-env")
+	}
+
+	// Brave API key should be preserved
+	if cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKey() != "existing-brave-key" {
+		t.Errorf("Brave API key was overwritten: got %q, want %q",
+			cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKey(), "existing-brave-key")
+	}
+
+	// Reload the security config from disk to verify it wasn't corrupted
+	reloadedSec, err := loadSecurityConfig(securityPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to reload security config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if reloadedSec.Channels.Telegram == nil ||
+		reloadedSec.Channels.Telegram.Token != "existing-telegram-token-from-env" {
+		t.Error("Telegram token not preserved in .security.yml file")
+	}
+
+	if reloadedSec.Channels.Discord == nil || reloadedSec.Channels.Discord.Token != "existing-discord-token-from-env" {
+		t.Error("Discord token not preserved in .security.yml file")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/config/migration_test.go b/pkg/config/migration_test.go
index bea5b9034..aeabe9730 100644
--- a/pkg/config/migration_test.go
+++ b/pkg/config/migration_test.go
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_OpenAI(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			OpenAI: OpenAIProviderConfig{
-				ProviderConfig: ProviderConfig{
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			OpenAI: openAIProviderConfigV0{
+				providerConfigV0: providerConfigV0{
 					APIKey:  "sk-test-key",
 					APIBase: "https://custom.api.com/v1",
 				},
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_OpenAI(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 1", len(result))
@@ -40,16 +40,15 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_OpenAI(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_Anthropic(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			Anthropic: ProviderConfig{
-				APIKey:  "ant-key",
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			Anthropic: providerConfigV0{
 				APIBase: "https://custom.anthropic.com",
 			},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 1", len(result))
@@ -64,16 +63,15 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_Anthropic(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_LiteLLM(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			LiteLLM: ProviderConfig{
-				APIKey:  "litellm-key",
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			LiteLLM: providerConfigV0{
 				APIBase: "http://localhost:4000/v1",
 			},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 1", len(result))
@@ -91,15 +89,15 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_LiteLLM(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_Multiple(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			OpenAI: OpenAIProviderConfig{ProviderConfig: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "openai-key"}},
-			Groq:   ProviderConfig{APIKey: "groq-key"},
-			Zhipu:  ProviderConfig{APIKey: "zhipu-key"},
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			OpenAI: openAIProviderConfigV0{providerConfigV0: providerConfigV0{APIKey: "openai-key"}},
+			Groq:   providerConfigV0{APIKey: "groq-key"},
+			Zhipu:  providerConfigV0{APIKey: "zhipu-key"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 3 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 3", len(result))
@@ -119,11 +117,11 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_Multiple(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_Empty(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{},
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("len(result) = %d, want 0", len(result))
@@ -131,7 +129,7 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_Empty(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_Nil(t *testing.T) {
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(nil)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(nil)
 
 	if result != nil {
 		t.Errorf("result = %v, want nil", result)
@@ -139,35 +137,38 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_Nil(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_AllProviders(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			OpenAI:        OpenAIProviderConfig{ProviderConfig: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key1"}},
-			LiteLLM:       ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key-litellm", APIBase: "http://localhost:4000/v1"},
-			Anthropic:     ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key2"},
-			OpenRouter:    ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key3"},
-			Groq:          ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key4"},
-			Zhipu:         ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key5"},
-			VLLM:          ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key6"},
-			Gemini:        ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key7"},
-			Nvidia:        ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key8"},
-			Ollama:        ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key9"},
-			Moonshot:      ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key10"},
-			ShengSuanYun:  ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key11"},
-			DeepSeek:      ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key12"},
-			Cerebras:      ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key13"},
-			Vivgrid:       ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key14"},
-			VolcEngine:    ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key15"},
-			GitHubCopilot: ProviderConfig{ConnectMode: "grpc"},
-			Antigravity:   ProviderConfig{AuthMethod: "oauth"},
-			Qwen:          ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key17"},
-			Mistral:       ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key18"},
-			Avian:         ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key19"},
-			LongCat:       ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key-longcat"},
-			ModelScope:    ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key-modelscope"},
+	// This test verifies that when providers have at least one configured field,
+	// they are converted. GitHubCopilot has ConnectMode set, Antigravity has AuthMethod.
+	// Other providers have no configuration, so they won't be converted.
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			OpenAI:        openAIProviderConfigV0{providerConfigV0: providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key1"}},
+			LiteLLM:       providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key-litellm", APIBase: "http://localhost:4000/v1"},
+			Anthropic:     providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key2"},
+			OpenRouter:    providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key3"},
+			Groq:          providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key4"},
+			Zhipu:         providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key5"},
+			VLLM:          providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key6"},
+			Gemini:        providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key7"},
+			Nvidia:        providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key8"},
+			Ollama:        providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key9"},
+			Moonshot:      providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key10"},
+			ShengSuanYun:  providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key11"},
+			DeepSeek:      providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key12"},
+			Cerebras:      providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key13"},
+			Vivgrid:       providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key14"},
+			VolcEngine:    providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key15"},
+			GitHubCopilot: providerConfigV0{ConnectMode: "grpc"},
+			Antigravity:   providerConfigV0{AuthMethod: "oauth"},
+			Qwen:          providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key17"},
+			Mistral:       providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key18"},
+			Avian:         providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key19"},
+			LongCat:       providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key-longcat"},
+			ModelScope:    providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key-modelscope"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	// All 23 providers should be converted
 	if len(result) != 23 {
@@ -176,10 +177,10 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_AllProviders(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_Proxy(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			OpenAI: OpenAIProviderConfig{
-				ProviderConfig: ProviderConfig{
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			OpenAI: openAIProviderConfigV0{
+				providerConfigV0: providerConfigV0{
 					APIKey: "key",
 					Proxy:  "http://proxy:8080",
 				},
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_Proxy(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 1", len(result))
@@ -199,16 +200,16 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_Proxy(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_RequestTimeout(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			Ollama: ProviderConfig{
-				APIKey:         "ollama-key",
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			Ollama: providerConfigV0{
+				APIBase:        "http://localhost:11434",
 				RequestTimeout: 300,
 			},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 1", len(result))
@@ -220,17 +221,17 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_RequestTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_AuthMethod(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			OpenAI: OpenAIProviderConfig{
-				ProviderConfig: ProviderConfig{
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			OpenAI: openAIProviderConfigV0{
+				providerConfigV0: providerConfigV0{
 					AuthMethod: "oauth",
 				},
 			},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("len(result) = %d, want 0 (AuthMethod alone should not create entry)", len(result))
@@ -240,19 +241,19 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_AuthMethod(t *testing.T) {
 // Tests for preserving user's configured model during migration
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_PreservesUserModel_DeepSeek(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Agents: AgentsConfig{
-			Defaults: AgentDefaults{
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Agents: agentsConfigV0{
+			Defaults: agentDefaultsV0{
 				Provider: "deepseek",
 				Model:    "deepseek-reasoner",
 			},
 		},
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			DeepSeek: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "sk-deepseek"},
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			DeepSeek: providerConfigV0{APIKey: "sk-deepseek"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 1", len(result))
@@ -265,19 +266,19 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_PreservesUserModel_DeepSeek(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_PreservesUserModel_OpenAI(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Agents: AgentsConfig{
-			Defaults: AgentDefaults{
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Agents: agentsConfigV0{
+			Defaults: agentDefaultsV0{
 				Provider: "openai",
 				Model:    "gpt-4-turbo",
 			},
 		},
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			OpenAI: OpenAIProviderConfig{ProviderConfig: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "sk-openai"}},
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			OpenAI: openAIProviderConfigV0{providerConfigV0: providerConfigV0{APIKey: "sk-openai"}},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 1", len(result))
@@ -289,19 +290,19 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_PreservesUserModel_OpenAI(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_PreservesUserModel_Anthropic(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Agents: AgentsConfig{
-			Defaults: AgentDefaults{
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Agents: agentsConfigV0{
+			Defaults: agentDefaultsV0{
 				Provider: "claude", // alternative name
 				Model:    "claude-opus-4-20250514",
 			},
 		},
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			Anthropic: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "sk-ant"},
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			Anthropic: providerConfigV0{APIKey: "sk-ant"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 1", len(result))
@@ -313,19 +314,19 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_PreservesUserModel_Anthropic(t *testing.T)
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_PreservesUserModel_Qwen(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Agents: AgentsConfig{
-			Defaults: AgentDefaults{
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Agents: agentsConfigV0{
+			Defaults: agentDefaultsV0{
 				Provider: "qwen",
 				Model:    "qwen-plus",
 			},
 		},
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			Qwen: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "sk-qwen"},
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			Qwen: providerConfigV0{APIKey: "sk-qwen"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 1", len(result))
@@ -337,19 +338,19 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_PreservesUserModel_Qwen(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_UsesDefaultWhenNoUserModel(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Agents: AgentsConfig{
-			Defaults: AgentDefaults{
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Agents: agentsConfigV0{
+			Defaults: agentDefaultsV0{
 				Provider: "deepseek",
 				Model:    "", // no model specified
 			},
 		},
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			DeepSeek: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "sk-deepseek"},
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			DeepSeek: providerConfigV0{APIKey: "sk-deepseek"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 1", len(result))
@@ -362,20 +363,20 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_UsesDefaultWhenNoUserModel(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_MultipleProviders_PreservesUserModel(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Agents: AgentsConfig{
-			Defaults: AgentDefaults{
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Agents: agentsConfigV0{
+			Defaults: agentDefaultsV0{
 				Provider: "deepseek",
 				Model:    "deepseek-reasoner",
 			},
 		},
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			OpenAI:   OpenAIProviderConfig{ProviderConfig: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "sk-openai"}},
-			DeepSeek: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "sk-deepseek"},
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			OpenAI:   openAIProviderConfigV0{providerConfigV0: providerConfigV0{APIKey: "sk-openai"}},
+			DeepSeek: providerConfigV0{APIKey: "sk-deepseek"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 2 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 2", len(result))
@@ -400,20 +401,20 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_ProviderNameAliases(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		providerAlias string
 		expectedModel string
-		provider      ProviderConfig
+		provider      providerConfigV0
 	}{
-		{"gpt", "openai/gpt-4-custom", ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key"}},
-		{"claude", "anthropic/claude-custom", ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key"}},
-		{"doubao", "volcengine/doubao-custom", ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key"}},
-		{"tongyi", "qwen/qwen-custom", ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key"}},
-		{"kimi", "moonshot/kimi-custom", ProviderConfig{APIKey: "key"}},
+		{"gpt", "openai/gpt-4-custom", providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key"}},
+		{"claude", "anthropic/claude-custom", providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key"}},
+		{"doubao", "volcengine/doubao-custom", providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key"}},
+		{"tongyi", "qwen/qwen-custom", providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key"}},
+		{"kimi", "moonshot/kimi-custom", providerConfigV0{APIKey: "key"}},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.providerAlias, func(t *testing.T) {
-			cfg := &Config{
-				Agents: AgentsConfig{
-					Defaults: AgentDefaults{
+			cfg := &configV0{
+				Agents: agentsConfigV0{
+					Defaults: agentDefaultsV0{
 						Provider: tt.providerAlias,
 						Model: strings.TrimPrefix(
 							tt.expectedModel,
@@ -421,13 +422,13 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_ProviderNameAliases(t *testing.T) {
 						),
 					},
 				},
-				Providers: ProvidersConfig{},
+				Providers: providersConfigV0{},
 			}
 
 			// Set the appropriate provider config
 			switch tt.providerAlias {
 			case "gpt":
-				cfg.Providers.OpenAI = OpenAIProviderConfig{ProviderConfig: tt.provider}
+				cfg.Providers.OpenAI = openAIProviderConfigV0{providerConfigV0: tt.provider}
 			case "claude":
 				cfg.Providers.Anthropic = tt.provider
 			case "doubao":
@@ -444,7 +445,7 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_ProviderNameAliases(t *testing.T) {
 				tt.expectedModel[:strings.Index(tt.expectedModel, "/")+1],
 			)
 
-			result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+			result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 			if len(result) != 1 {
 				t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 1", len(result))
 			}
@@ -466,19 +467,21 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_NoProviderField_SingleProvider(t *testing.T
 	// - No provider field set
 	// - model = "glm-4.7"
 	// - Only zhipu has API key configured
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Agents: AgentsConfig{
-			Defaults: AgentDefaults{
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Agents: agentsConfigV0{
+			Defaults: agentDefaultsV0{
 				Provider: "", // Not set
 				Model:    "glm-4.7",
 			},
 		},
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			Zhipu: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "test-zhipu-key"},
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			Zhipu: providerConfigV0{
+				APIKey: "test-zhipu-key",
+			},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 1", len(result))
@@ -499,20 +502,20 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_NoProviderField_MultipleProviders(t *testin
 	// When multiple providers are configured but no provider field is set,
 	// the FIRST provider (in migration order) will use userModel as ModelName
 	// for backward compatibility with legacy implicit provider selection
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Agents: AgentsConfig{
-			Defaults: AgentDefaults{
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Agents: agentsConfigV0{
+			Defaults: agentDefaultsV0{
 				Provider: "", // Not set
 				Model:    "some-model",
 			},
 		},
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			OpenAI: OpenAIProviderConfig{ProviderConfig: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "openai-key"}},
-			Zhipu:  ProviderConfig{APIKey: "zhipu-key"},
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			OpenAI: openAIProviderConfigV0{providerConfigV0: providerConfigV0{APIKey: "openai-key"}},
+			Zhipu:  providerConfigV0{APIKey: "zhipu-key"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 2 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 2", len(result))
@@ -532,19 +535,19 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_NoProviderField_MultipleProviders(t *testin
 
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_NoProviderField_NoModel(t *testing.T) {
 	// Edge case: no provider, no model
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Agents: AgentsConfig{
-			Defaults: AgentDefaults{
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Agents: agentsConfigV0{
+			Defaults: agentDefaultsV0{
 				Provider: "",
 				Model:    "",
 			},
 		},
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			Zhipu: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "zhipu-key"},
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			Zhipu: providerConfigV0{APIKey: "zhipu-key"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want 1", len(result))
@@ -585,19 +588,19 @@ func TestBuildModelWithProtocol_DifferentPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test for legacy config with protocol prefix in model name
 func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_LegacyModelWithProtocolPrefix(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		Agents: AgentsConfig{
-			Defaults: AgentDefaults{
+	cfg := &configV0{
+		Agents: agentsConfigV0{
+			Defaults: agentDefaultsV0{
 				Provider: "",                // No explicit provider
 				Model:    "openrouter/auto", // Model already has protocol prefix
 			},
 		},
-		Providers: ProvidersConfig{
-			OpenRouter: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "sk-or-test"},
+		Providers: providersConfigV0{
+			OpenRouter: providerConfigV0{APIKey: "sk-or-test"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
+	result := v0ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
 
 	if len(result) < 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("len(result) = %d, want at least 1", len(result))
@@ -613,143 +616,3 @@ func TestConvertProvidersToModelList_LegacyModelWithProtocolPrefix(t *testing.T)
 		t.Errorf("Model = %q, want %q (should not duplicate prefix)", result[0].Model, "openrouter/auto")
 	}
 }
-
-// ---------- InheritProviderCredentials tests ----------
-
-func TestInheritProviderCredentials_FillsMissingAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
-	models := []ModelConfig{
-		{ModelName: "my-deepseek", Model: "deepseek/deepseek-chat"},
-	}
-	providers := ProvidersConfig{
-		DeepSeek: ProviderConfig{
-			APIKey:  "sk-deepseek-from-providers",
-			APIBase: "https://api.deepseek.com/v1",
-		},
-	}
-
-	InheritProviderCredentials(models, providers)
-
-	if models[0].APIKey != "sk-deepseek-from-providers" {
-		t.Errorf("APIKey = %q, want %q", models[0].APIKey, "sk-deepseek-from-providers")
-	}
-	if models[0].APIBase != "https://api.deepseek.com/v1" {
-		t.Errorf("APIBase = %q, want %q", models[0].APIBase, "https://api.deepseek.com/v1")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestInheritProviderCredentials_ExplicitValuesTakePrecedence(t *testing.T) {
-	models := []ModelConfig{
-		{
-			ModelName: "my-openai",
-			Model:     "openai/gpt-5.4",
-			APIKey:    "sk-explicit-model-key",
-			APIBase:   "https://my-custom-endpoint.com/v1",
-		},
-	}
-	providers := ProvidersConfig{
-		OpenAI: OpenAIProviderConfig{
-			ProviderConfig: ProviderConfig{
-				APIKey:  "sk-provider-key",
-				APIBase: "https://api.openai.com/v1",
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	InheritProviderCredentials(models, providers)
-
-	if models[0].APIKey != "sk-explicit-model-key" {
-		t.Errorf("APIKey = %q, want %q (explicit should win)", models[0].APIKey, "sk-explicit-model-key")
-	}
-	if models[0].APIBase != "https://my-custom-endpoint.com/v1" {
-		t.Errorf("APIBase = %q, want %q (explicit should win)", models[0].APIBase, "https://my-custom-endpoint.com/v1")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestInheritProviderCredentials_MultipleModels(t *testing.T) {
-	models := []ModelConfig{
-		{ModelName: "groq-llama", Model: "groq/llama-3.1-70b"},
-		{ModelName: "zhipu-glm", Model: "zhipu/glm-4"},
-		{ModelName: "custom-openai", Model: "openai/gpt-5.4", APIKey: "sk-already-set"},
-	}
-	providers := ProvidersConfig{
-		Groq:  ProviderConfig{APIKey: "gsk-groq-key", Proxy: "http://proxy:8080"},
-		Zhipu: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "zhipu-key-123", APIBase: "https://zhipu.example.com"},
-		OpenAI: OpenAIProviderConfig{
-			ProviderConfig: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "sk-should-not-override"},
-		},
-	}
-
-	InheritProviderCredentials(models, providers)
-
-	// groq model should inherit
-	if models[0].APIKey != "gsk-groq-key" {
-		t.Errorf("groq APIKey = %q, want %q", models[0].APIKey, "gsk-groq-key")
-	}
-	if models[0].Proxy != "http://proxy:8080" {
-		t.Errorf("groq Proxy = %q, want %q", models[0].Proxy, "http://proxy:8080")
-	}
-
-	// zhipu model should inherit
-	if models[1].APIKey != "zhipu-key-123" {
-		t.Errorf("zhipu APIKey = %q, want %q", models[1].APIKey, "zhipu-key-123")
-	}
-	if models[1].APIBase != "https://zhipu.example.com" {
-		t.Errorf("zhipu APIBase = %q, want %q", models[1].APIBase, "https://zhipu.example.com")
-	}
-
-	// openai model already has key — should NOT be overridden
-	if models[2].APIKey != "sk-already-set" {
-		t.Errorf("openai APIKey = %q, want %q (should not be overridden)", models[2].APIKey, "sk-already-set")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestInheritProviderCredentials_NoMatchingProvider(t *testing.T) {
-	models := []ModelConfig{
-		{ModelName: "my-model", Model: "novelai/some-model"},
-	}
-	providers := ProvidersConfig{
-		DeepSeek: ProviderConfig{APIKey: "sk-deepseek"},
-	}
-
-	InheritProviderCredentials(models, providers)
-
-	// No matching provider for "novelai" protocol — should stay empty
-	if models[0].APIKey != "" {
-		t.Errorf("APIKey = %q, want empty (no matching provider)", models[0].APIKey)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestInheritProviderCredentials_EmptyProviders(t *testing.T) {
-	models := []ModelConfig{
-		{ModelName: "my-model", Model: "openai/gpt-5.4"},
-	}
-	providers := ProvidersConfig{} // all empty
-
-	InheritProviderCredentials(models, providers)
-
-	// Empty providers — nothing to inherit
-	if models[0].APIKey != "" {
-		t.Errorf("APIKey = %q, want empty", models[0].APIKey)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestInheritProviderCredentials_InheritsRequestTimeout(t *testing.T) {
-	models := []ModelConfig{
-		{ModelName: "my-ollama", Model: "ollama/llama3.2:3b"},
-	}
-	providers := ProvidersConfig{
-		Ollama: ProviderConfig{
-			APIBase:        "http://localhost:11434",
-			RequestTimeout: 120,
-		},
-	}
-
-	InheritProviderCredentials(models, providers)
-
-	if models[0].APIBase != "http://localhost:11434" {
-		t.Errorf("APIBase = %q, want %q", models[0].APIBase, "http://localhost:11434")
-	}
-	if models[0].RequestTimeout != 120 {
-		t.Errorf("RequestTimeout = %d, want 120", models[0].RequestTimeout)
-	}
-}
diff --git a/pkg/config/model_config_test.go b/pkg/config/model_config_test.go
index 9bc600ed9..3252d2f26 100644
--- a/pkg/config/model_config_test.go
+++ b/pkg/config/model_config_test.go
@@ -13,12 +13,20 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestGetModelConfig_Found(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		ModelList: []ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "test-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o", APIKey: "key1"},
-			{ModelName: "other-model", Model: "anthropic/claude", APIKey: "key2"},
+	cfg := (&Config{
+		Version: CurrentVersion,
+		ModelList: []*ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "test-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o"},
+			{ModelName: "other-model", Model: "anthropic/claude"},
 		},
-	}
+	}).WithSecurity(&SecurityConfig{ModelList: map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{
+		"test-model:0": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"key1"},
+		},
+		"other-model:0": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"key2"},
+		},
+	}})
 
 	result, err := cfg.GetModelConfig("test-model")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -30,11 +38,17 @@ func TestGetModelConfig_Found(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetModelConfig_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		ModelList: []ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "test-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o", APIKey: "key1"},
+	cfg := (&Config{
+		ModelList: []*ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "test-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o"},
 		},
-	}
+	}).WithSecurity(&SecurityConfig{
+		ModelList: map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{
+			"test-model:0": {
+				APIKeys: []string{"key1"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
 
 	_, err := cfg.GetModelConfig("nonexistent")
 	if err == nil {
@@ -44,7 +58,7 @@ func TestGetModelConfig_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGetModelConfig_EmptyList(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := &Config{
-		ModelList: []ModelConfig{},
+		ModelList: []*ModelConfig{},
 	}
 
 	_, err := cfg.GetModelConfig("any-model")
@@ -54,13 +68,25 @@ func TestGetModelConfig_EmptyList(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetModelConfig_RoundRobin(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := &Config{
-		ModelList: []ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "lb-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-1", APIKey: "key1"},
-			{ModelName: "lb-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-2", APIKey: "key2"},
-			{ModelName: "lb-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-3", APIKey: "key3"},
+	cfg := (&Config{
+		ModelList: []*ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "lb-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-1"},
+			{ModelName: "lb-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-2"},
+			{ModelName: "lb-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-3"},
 		},
-	}
+	}).WithSecurity(&SecurityConfig{
+		ModelList: map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{
+			"lb-model:0": {
+				APIKeys: []string{"key1"},
+			},
+			"lb-model:1": {
+				APIKeys: []string{"key2"},
+			},
+			"lb-model:2": {
+				APIKeys: []string{"key3"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
 
 	// Test round-robin distribution
 	results := make(map[string]int)
@@ -84,10 +110,10 @@ func TestGetModelConfig_RoundRobinStartsFromFirstMatch(t *testing.T) {
 	rrCounter.Store(0)
 
 	cfg := &Config{
-		ModelList: []ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "lb-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-1", APIKey: "key1"},
-			{ModelName: "lb-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-2", APIKey: "key2"},
-			{ModelName: "lb-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-3", APIKey: "key3"},
+		ModelList: []*ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "lb-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-1", apiKeys: []string{"key1"}},
+			{ModelName: "lb-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-2", apiKeys: []string{"key2"}},
+			{ModelName: "lb-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-3", apiKeys: []string{"key3"}},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -112,9 +138,9 @@ func TestGetModelConfig_RoundRobinStartsFromFirstMatch(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGetModelConfig_Concurrent(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := &Config{
-		ModelList: []ModelConfig{
-			{ModelName: "concurrent-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-1", APIKey: "key1"},
-			{ModelName: "concurrent-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-2", APIKey: "key2"},
+		ModelList: []*ModelConfig{
+			{ModelName: "concurrent-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-1", apiKeys: []string{"key1"}},
+			{ModelName: "concurrent-model", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-2", apiKeys: []string{"key2"}},
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -143,39 +169,7 @@ func TestGetModelConfig_Concurrent(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestAgentDefaults_GetModelName_BackwardCompat(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name     string
-		defaults AgentDefaults
-		wantName string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:     "new model_name field only",
-			defaults: AgentDefaults{ModelName: "new-model"},
-			wantName: "new-model",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "old model field only",
-			defaults: AgentDefaults{Model: "legacy-model"},
-			wantName: "legacy-model",
-		},
-		{
-			name:     "both fields - model_name takes precedence",
-			defaults: AgentDefaults{ModelName: "new-model", Model: "old-model"},
-			wantName: "new-model",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			if got := tt.defaults.GetModelName(); got != tt.wantName {
-				t.Errorf("GetModelName() = %q, want %q", got, tt.wantName)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAgentDefaults_JSON_BackwardCompat(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAgentDefaultsV0_JSON_BackwardCompat(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name     string
 		json     string
@@ -200,7 +194,7 @@ func TestAgentDefaults_JSON_BackwardCompat(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var defaults AgentDefaults
+			var defaults agentDefaultsV0
 			if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(tt.json), &defaults); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("Unmarshal error: %v", err)
 			}
@@ -211,69 +205,6 @@ func TestAgentDefaults_JSON_BackwardCompat(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestFullConfig_JSON_BackwardCompat(t *testing.T) {
-	// Test complete config with both old and new formats
-	oldFormat := `{
-		"agents": {
-			"defaults": {
-				"workspace": "~/.picoclaw/workspace",
-				"model": "gpt4",
-				"max_tokens": 4096
-			}
-		},
-		"model_list": [
-			{
-				"model_name": "gpt4",
-				"model": "openai/gpt-4o",
-				"api_key": "test-key"
-			}
-		]
-	}`
-
-	newFormat := `{
-		"agents": {
-			"defaults": {
-				"workspace": "~/.picoclaw/workspace",
-				"model_name": "gpt4",
-				"max_tokens": 4096
-			}
-		},
-		"model_list": [
-			{
-				"model_name": "gpt4",
-				"model": "openai/gpt-4o",
-				"api_key": "test-key"
-			}
-		]
-	}`
-
-	for name, jsonStr := range map[string]string{
-		"old format (model)":      oldFormat,
-		"new format (model_name)": newFormat,
-	} {
-		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			cfg := &Config{}
-			if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), cfg); err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Unmarshal error: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			// Check that GetModelName returns correct value
-			if got := cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetModelName(); got != "gpt4" {
-				t.Errorf("GetModelName() = %q, want %q", got, "gpt4")
-			}
-
-			// Check that GetModelConfig works
-			modelCfg, err := cfg.GetModelConfig("gpt4")
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("GetModelConfig error: %v", err)
-			}
-			if modelCfg.Model != "openai/gpt-4o" {
-				t.Errorf("Model = %q, want %q", modelCfg.Model, "openai/gpt-4o")
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestModelConfig_Validate(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
@@ -329,7 +260,7 @@ func TestConfig_ValidateModelList(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "valid list",
 			config: &Config{
-				ModelList: []ModelConfig{
+				ModelList: []*ModelConfig{
 					{ModelName: "test1", Model: "openai/gpt-4o"},
 					{ModelName: "test2", Model: "anthropic/claude"},
 				},
@@ -339,7 +270,7 @@ func TestConfig_ValidateModelList(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "invalid entry",
 			config: &Config{
-				ModelList: []ModelConfig{
+				ModelList: []*ModelConfig{
 					{ModelName: "test1", Model: "openai/gpt-4o"},
 					{ModelName: "", Model: "anthropic/claude"}, // missing model_name
 				},
@@ -350,7 +281,7 @@ func TestConfig_ValidateModelList(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name: "empty list",
 			config: &Config{
-				ModelList: []ModelConfig{},
+				ModelList: []*ModelConfig{},
 			},
 			wantErr: false,
 		},
@@ -358,10 +289,7 @@ func TestConfig_ValidateModelList(t *testing.T) {
 			// Load balancing: multiple entries with same model_name are allowed
 			name: "duplicate model_name for load balancing",
 			config: &Config{
-				ModelList: []ModelConfig{
-					{ModelName: "gpt-4", Model: "openai/gpt-4o", APIKey: "key1"},
-					{ModelName: "gpt-4", Model: "openai/gpt-4-turbo", APIKey: "key2"},
-				},
+				ModelList: []*ModelConfig{},
 			},
 			wantErr: false, // Changed: duplicates are allowed for load balancing
 		},
@@ -369,7 +297,7 @@ func TestConfig_ValidateModelList(t *testing.T) {
 			// Load balancing: non-adjacent entries with same model_name are also allowed
 			name: "duplicate model_name non-adjacent for load balancing",
 			config: &Config{
-				ModelList: []ModelConfig{
+				ModelList: []*ModelConfig{
 					{ModelName: "model-a", Model: "openai/gpt-4o"},
 					{ModelName: "model-b", Model: "anthropic/claude"},
 					{ModelName: "model-a", Model: "openai/gpt-4-turbo"},
diff --git a/pkg/config/multikey_test.go b/pkg/config/multikey_test.go
index b899b991c..c17fcc53b 100644
--- a/pkg/config/multikey_test.go
+++ b/pkg/config/multikey_test.go
@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_SingleKey(t *testing.T) {
-	models := []ModelConfig{
+	models := []*ModelConfig{
 		{
 			ModelName: "gpt-4",
 			Model:     "openai/gpt-4o",
-			APIKey:    "single-key",
+			apiKeys:   []string{"single-key"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ExpandMultiKeyModels(models)
+	result := expandMultiKeyModels(models)
 
 	if len(result) != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("expected 1 model, got %d", len(result))
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_SingleKey(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected model_name 'gpt-4', got %q", result[0].ModelName)
 	}
 
-	if result[0].APIKey != "single-key" {
-		t.Errorf("expected api_key 'single-key', got %q", result[0].APIKey)
+	if result[0].APIKey() != "single-key" {
+		t.Errorf("expected api_key 'single-key', got %q", result[0].APIKey())
 	}
 
 	if len(result[0].Fallbacks) != 0 {
@@ -33,16 +33,16 @@ func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_SingleKey(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_APIKeysOnly(t *testing.T) {
-	models := []ModelConfig{
+	models := []*ModelConfig{
 		{
 			ModelName: "glm-4.7",
 			Model:     "zhipu/glm-4.7",
 			APIBase:   "https://api.example.com",
-			APIKeys:   []string{"key1", "key2", "key3"},
+			apiKeys:   []string{"key1", "key2", "key3"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ExpandMultiKeyModels(models)
+	result := expandMultiKeyModels(models)
 
 	// Should expand to 3 models
 	if len(result) != 3 {
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_APIKeysOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	if primary.ModelName != "glm-4.7" {
 		t.Errorf("expected primary model_name 'glm-4.7', got %q", primary.ModelName)
 	}
-	if primary.APIKey != "key1" {
-		t.Errorf("expected primary api_key 'key1', got %q", primary.APIKey)
+	if primary.APIKey() != "key1" {
+		t.Errorf("expected primary api_key 'key1', got %q", primary.APIKey())
 	}
 	if len(primary.Fallbacks) != 2 {
 		t.Errorf("expected 2 fallbacks, got %d", len(primary.Fallbacks))
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_APIKeysOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	if second.ModelName != "glm-4.7__key_1" {
 		t.Errorf("expected second model_name 'glm-4.7__key_1', got %q", second.ModelName)
 	}
-	if second.APIKey != "key2" {
-		t.Errorf("expected second api_key 'key2', got %q", second.APIKey)
+	if second.APIKey() != "key2" {
+		t.Errorf("expected second api_key 'key2', got %q", second.APIKey())
 	}
 
 	// Third entry should be key3
@@ -81,22 +81,21 @@ func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_APIKeysOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	if third.ModelName != "glm-4.7__key_2" {
 		t.Errorf("expected third model_name 'glm-4.7__key_2', got %q", third.ModelName)
 	}
-	if third.APIKey != "key3" {
-		t.Errorf("expected third api_key 'key3', got %q", third.APIKey)
+	if third.APIKey() != "key3" {
+		t.Errorf("expected third api_key 'key3', got %q", third.APIKey())
 	}
 }
 
 func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_APIKeyAndAPIKeys(t *testing.T) {
-	models := []ModelConfig{
+	models := []*ModelConfig{
 		{
 			ModelName: "gpt-4",
 			Model:     "openai/gpt-4o",
-			APIKey:    "key0",
-			APIKeys:   []string{"key1", "key2"},
+			apiKeys:   []string{"key0", "key1", "key2"},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ExpandMultiKeyModels(models)
+	result := expandMultiKeyModels(models)
 
 	// Should expand to 3 models (key0 from APIKey + key1, key2 from APIKeys)
 	if len(result) != 3 {
@@ -105,8 +104,8 @@ func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_APIKeyAndAPIKeys(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Primary should use key0
 	primary := result[2]
-	if primary.APIKey != "key0" {
-		t.Errorf("expected primary api_key 'key0', got %q", primary.APIKey)
+	if primary.APIKey() != "key0" {
+		t.Errorf("expected primary api_key 'key0', got %q", primary.APIKey())
 	}
 	if len(primary.Fallbacks) != 2 {
 		t.Errorf("expected 2 fallbacks, got %d", len(primary.Fallbacks))
@@ -114,16 +113,15 @@ func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_APIKeyAndAPIKeys(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_WithExistingFallbacks(t *testing.T) {
-	models := []ModelConfig{
-		{
-			ModelName: "gpt-4",
-			Model:     "openai/gpt-4o",
-			APIKeys:   []string{"key1", "key2"},
-			Fallbacks: []string{"claude-3"},
-		},
+	modelCfg := &ModelConfig{
+		ModelName: "gpt-4",
+		Model:     "openai/gpt-4o",
 	}
+	modelCfg.apiKeys = []string{"key0", "key1"} // Use internal field for multi-key testing
+	modelCfg.Fallbacks = []string{"claude-3"}
+	models := []*ModelConfig{modelCfg}
 
-	result := ExpandMultiKeyModels(models)
+	result := expandMultiKeyModels(models)
 
 	primary := result[1]
 	// With 2 keys, we get 1 key fallback + 1 existing fallback = 2 total
@@ -141,16 +139,15 @@ func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_WithExistingFallbacks(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_EmptyAPIKeys(t *testing.T) {
-	models := []ModelConfig{
+	models := []*ModelConfig{
 		{
 			ModelName: "gpt-4",
 			Model:     "openai/gpt-4o",
-			APIKey:    "",
-			APIKeys:   []string{},
+			apiKeys:   []string{},
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ExpandMultiKeyModels(models)
+	result := expandMultiKeyModels(models)
 
 	// Should keep as-is with no changes
 	if len(result) != 1 {
@@ -163,25 +160,25 @@ func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_EmptyAPIKeys(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_Deduplication(t *testing.T) {
-	models := []ModelConfig{
+	models := []*ModelConfig{
 		{
 			ModelName: "gpt-4",
 			Model:     "openai/gpt-4o",
-			APIKey:    "key1",
-			APIKeys:   []string{"key1", "key2", "key1"}, // Duplicate key1
+			apiKeys:   []string{"key1", "key2", "key1"}, // Duplicate key1
 		},
 	}
 
-	result := ExpandMultiKeyModels(models)
+	result := expandMultiKeyModels(models)
 
+	t.Logf("result: %#v", result)
 	// Should only create 2 models (deduplicated keys)
 	if len(result) != 2 {
 		t.Fatalf("expected 2 models (deduplicated), got %d", len(result))
 	}
 
 	primary := result[1]
-	if primary.APIKey != "key1" {
-		t.Errorf("expected primary api_key 'key1', got %q", primary.APIKey)
+	if primary.APIKey() != "key1" {
+		t.Errorf("expected primary api_key 'key1', got %q", primary.APIKey())
 	}
 	if len(primary.Fallbacks) != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected 1 fallback, got %d", len(primary.Fallbacks))
@@ -189,21 +186,20 @@ func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_Deduplication(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_PreservesOtherFields(t *testing.T) {
-	models := []ModelConfig{
-		{
-			ModelName:      "gpt-4",
-			Model:          "openai/gpt-4o",
-			APIBase:        "https://api.example.com",
-			APIKeys:        []string{"key1", "key2"},
-			Proxy:          "http://proxy:8080",
-			RPM:            60,
-			MaxTokensField: "max_completion_tokens",
-			RequestTimeout: 30,
-			ThinkingLevel:  "high",
-		},
+	modelCfg := &ModelConfig{
+		ModelName:      "gpt-4",
+		Model:          "openai/gpt-4o",
+		APIBase:        "https://api.example.com",
+		Proxy:          "http://proxy:8080",
+		RPM:            60,
+		MaxTokensField: "max_completion_tokens",
+		RequestTimeout: 30,
+		ThinkingLevel:  "high",
 	}
+	modelCfg.apiKeys = []string{"key0", "key1"} // Use internal field for multi-key testing
+	models := []*ModelConfig{modelCfg}
 
-	result := ExpandMultiKeyModels(models)
+	result := expandMultiKeyModels(models)
 
 	// Check primary entry preserves all fields
 	primary := result[1]
@@ -236,6 +232,78 @@ func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_PreservesOtherFields(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_IsVirtualFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	models := []*ModelConfig{
+		{
+			ModelName: "gpt-4",
+			Model:     "openai/gpt-4o",
+			apiKeys:   []string{"key1", "key2", "key3"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result := expandMultiKeyModels(models)
+
+	// Should expand to 3 models
+	if len(result) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 models, got %d", len(result))
+	}
+
+	// Primary model should NOT be virtual
+	primary := result[2]
+	if primary.isVirtual {
+		t.Errorf("primary model should not be virtual")
+	}
+	if primary.ModelName != "gpt-4" {
+		t.Errorf("expected primary model_name 'gpt-4', got %q", primary.ModelName)
+	}
+
+	// Virtual models should have isVirtual = true
+	virtual1 := result[0]
+	if !virtual1.isVirtual {
+		t.Errorf("gpt-4__key_1 should be virtual")
+	}
+	if virtual1.ModelName != "gpt-4__key_1" {
+		t.Errorf("expected virtual model_name 'gpt-4__key_1', got %q", virtual1.ModelName)
+	}
+
+	virtual2 := result[1]
+	if !virtual2.isVirtual {
+		t.Errorf("gpt-4__key_2 should be virtual")
+	}
+	if virtual2.ModelName != "gpt-4__key_2" {
+		t.Errorf("expected virtual model_name 'gpt-4__key_2', got %q", virtual2.ModelName)
+	}
+
+	// IsVirtual() method should work
+	if !virtual1.IsVirtual() {
+		t.Errorf("IsVirtual() should return true for virtual model")
+	}
+	if primary.IsVirtual() {
+		t.Errorf("IsVirtual() should return false for primary model")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExpandMultiKeyModels_SingleKey_NotVirtual(t *testing.T) {
+	models := []*ModelConfig{
+		{
+			ModelName: "gpt-4",
+			Model:     "openai/gpt-4o",
+			apiKeys:   []string{"single-key"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	result := expandMultiKeyModels(models)
+
+	if len(result) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 model, got %d", len(result))
+	}
+
+	// Single key model should NOT be virtual
+	if result[0].isVirtual {
+		t.Errorf("single key model should not be virtual")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestMergeAPIKeys(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name     string
@@ -250,13 +318,13 @@ func TestMergeAPIKeys(t *testing.T) {
 			expected: nil,
 		},
 		{
-			name:     "only apiKey",
+			name:     "only ApiKey",
 			apiKey:   "key1",
 			apiKeys:  nil,
 			expected: []string{"key1"},
 		},
 		{
-			name:     "only apiKeys",
+			name:     "only ApiKeys",
 			apiKey:   "",
 			apiKeys:  []string{"key1", "key2"},
 			expected: []string{"key1", "key2"},
diff --git a/pkg/config/security.go b/pkg/config/security.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47ad1a5b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/config/security.go
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/caarlos0/env/v11"
+	"github.com/tencent-connect/botgo/log"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/fileutil"
+)
+
+const (
+	SecurityConfigFile = ".security.yml"
+)
+
+func normalizeSecurityConfig(sec *SecurityConfig) *SecurityConfig {
+	if sec == nil {
+		sec = &SecurityConfig{}
+	}
+	if sec.ModelList == nil {
+		sec.ModelList = map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{}
+	}
+	if sec.Channels == nil {
+		sec.Channels = &ChannelsSecurity{}
+	}
+	if sec.Web == nil {
+		sec.Web = &WebToolsSecurity{}
+	}
+	if sec.Skills == nil {
+		sec.Skills = &SkillsSecurity{}
+	}
+	return sec
+}
+
+// SecurityConfig stores all sensitive data (API keys, tokens, secrets, passwords)
+// This data is loaded from security.yml and kept separate from the main config
+type SecurityConfig struct {
+	// Model API keys. Map key is model_name, can include suffix like "abc:0", "abc:1"
+	// for load balancing with same model_name. The suffix ":N" is used to distinguish
+	// multiple configs that share the same base model_name.
+	ModelList map[string]ModelSecurityEntry `yaml:"model_list"`
+
+	// Channel tokens/secrets
+	Channels *ChannelsSecurity `yaml:"channels,omitempty"`
+
+	Web    *WebToolsSecurity `yaml:"web,omitempty"`
+	Skills *SkillsSecurity   `yaml:"skills,omitempty"`
+
+	// cache for sensitive values and compiled regex (computed once)
+	sensitiveCache *SensitiveDataCache
+}
+
+// ModelSecurityEntry stores security data for a model
+type ModelSecurityEntry struct {
+	APIKeys []string `yaml:"api_keys,omitempty"` // API authentication keys (multiple keys for failover)
+}
+
+// ChannelsSecurity stores channel-related security data
+type ChannelsSecurity struct {
+	Telegram *TelegramSecurity `yaml:"telegram,omitempty"`
+	Feishu   *FeishuSecurity   `yaml:"feishu,omitempty"`
+	Discord  *DiscordSecurity  `yaml:"discord,omitempty"`
+	Weixin   *WeixinSecurity   `yaml:"weixin,omitempty"`
+	QQ       *QQSecurity       `yaml:"qq,omitempty"`
+	DingTalk *DingTalkSecurity `yaml:"dingtalk,omitempty"`
+	Slack    *SlackSecurity    `yaml:"slack,omitempty"`
+	Matrix   *MatrixSecurity   `yaml:"matrix,omitempty"`
+	LINE     *LINESecurity     `yaml:"line,omitempty"`
+	OneBot   *OneBotSecurity   `yaml:"onebot,omitempty"`
+	WeCom    *WeComSecurity    `yaml:"wecom,omitempty"`
+	Pico     *PicoSecurity     `yaml:"pico,omitempty"`
+	IRC      *IRCSecurity      `yaml:"irc,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type TelegramSecurity struct {
+	Token string `yaml:"token,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_TELEGRAM_TOKEN"`
+}
+
+type FeishuSecurity struct {
+	AppSecret         string `yaml:"app_secret,omitempty"         env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_APP_SECRET"`
+	EncryptKey        string `yaml:"encrypt_key,omitempty"        env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_ENCRYPT_KEY"`
+	VerificationToken string `yaml:"verification_token,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_FEISHU_VERIFICATION_TOKEN"`
+}
+
+type DiscordSecurity struct {
+	Token string `yaml:"token,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DISCORD_TOKEN"`
+}
+
+type WeixinSecurity struct {
+	Token string `yaml:"token,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WEIXIN_TOKEN"`
+}
+
+type QQSecurity struct {
+	AppSecret string `yaml:"app_secret,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_QQ_APP_SECRET"`
+}
+
+type DingTalkSecurity struct {
+	ClientSecret string `yaml:"client_secret,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_DINGTALK_CLIENT_SECRET"`
+}
+
+type SlackSecurity struct {
+	BotToken string `yaml:"bot_token,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_SLACK_BOT_TOKEN"`
+	AppToken string `yaml:"app_token,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_SLACK_APP_TOKEN"`
+}
+
+type MatrixSecurity struct {
+	AccessToken string `yaml:"access_token,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_MATRIX_ACCESS_TOKEN"`
+}
+
+type LINESecurity struct {
+	ChannelSecret      string `yaml:"channel_secret,omitempty"       env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_CHANNEL_SECRET"`
+	ChannelAccessToken string `yaml:"channel_access_token,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_LINE_CHANNEL_ACCESS_TOKEN"`
+}
+
+type OneBotSecurity struct {
+	AccessToken string `yaml:"access_token,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_ONEBOT_ACCESS_TOKEN"`
+}
+
+type WeComSecurity struct {
+	Secret string `yaml:"secret,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_WECOM_SECRET"`
+}
+
+type PicoSecurity struct {
+	Token string `yaml:"token,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_PICO_TOKEN"`
+}
+
+type IRCSecurity struct {
+	Password         string `yaml:"password,omitempty"          env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_PASSWORD"`
+	NickServPassword string `yaml:"nickserv_password,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_NICKSERV_PASSWORD"`
+	SASLPassword     string `yaml:"sasl_password,omitempty"     env:"PICOCLAW_CHANNELS_IRC_SASL_PASSWORD"`
+}
+
+type WebToolsSecurity struct {
+	Brave       *BraveSecurity       `yaml:"brave,omitempty"`
+	Tavily      *TavilySecurity      `yaml:"tavily,omitempty"`
+	Perplexity  *PerplexitySecurity  `yaml:"perplexity,omitempty"`
+	GLMSearch   *GLMSearchSecurity   `yaml:"glm_search,omitempty"`
+	BaiduSearch *BaiduSearchSecurity `yaml:"baidu_search,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type BraveSecurity struct {
+	APIKeys []string `yaml:"api_keys,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type TavilySecurity struct {
+	APIKeys []string `yaml:"api_keys,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type PerplexitySecurity struct {
+	APIKeys []string `yaml:"api_keys,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type GLMSearchSecurity struct {
+	APIKey string `yaml:"api_key,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type BaiduSearchSecurity struct {
+	APIKey string `yaml:"api_key,omitempty" env:"PICOCLAW_TOOLS_WEB_BAIDU_API_KEY"`
+}
+
+type SkillsSecurity struct {
+	Github  *GithubSecurity  `yaml:"github,omitempty"`
+	ClawHub *ClawHubSecurity `yaml:"clawhub,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type GithubSecurity struct {
+	Token string `yaml:"token,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type ClawHubSecurity struct {
+	AuthToken string `yaml:"auth_token,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// securityPath returns the path to security.yml relative to the config file
+func securityPath(configPath string) string {
+	configDir := filepath.Dir(configPath)
+	return filepath.Join(configDir, SecurityConfigFile)
+}
+
+// loadSecurityConfig loads the security configuration from security.yml
+// Returns an empty SecurityConfig if the file doesn't exist
+func loadSecurityConfig(securityPath string) (*SecurityConfig, error) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(securityPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return normalizeSecurityConfig(nil), nil
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read security config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var sec SecurityConfig
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(data, &sec); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse security config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// No need to validate model_name format here - both formats are supported:
+	// - "model-name:0" (with index for multiple entries)
+	// - "model-name" (without index for single entry or default to index 0)
+
+	if err := env.Parse(&sec); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to parse environment variables: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return normalizeSecurityConfig(&sec), nil
+}
+
+// saveSecurityConfig saves the security configuration to security.yml
+func saveSecurityConfig(securityPath string, sec *SecurityConfig) error {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	enc := yaml.NewEncoder(&buf)
+	enc.SetIndent(2)
+	err := enc.Encode(sec)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal security config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return fileutil.WriteFileAtomic(securityPath, buf.Bytes(), 0o600)
+}
+
+// mergeSecurityConfig merges two SecurityConfig instances, preferring non-empty values from 'newer'.
+// This is used during config migration to preserve existing security data while adding new entries.
+func mergeSecurityConfig(existing, newer *SecurityConfig) *SecurityConfig {
+	if existing == nil {
+		return normalizeSecurityConfig(newer)
+	}
+	if newer == nil {
+		return normalizeSecurityConfig(existing)
+	}
+
+	result := normalizeSecurityConfig(nil)
+
+	// Merge ModelList: prefer newer if it has keys, otherwise use existing
+	for k, v := range existing.ModelList {
+		result.ModelList[k] = v
+	}
+	for k, v := range newer.ModelList {
+		if len(v.APIKeys) > 0 {
+			result.ModelList[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Merge Channels
+	if existing.Channels != nil {
+		result.Channels = existing.Channels
+	}
+	if newer.Channels != nil {
+		if result.Channels == nil {
+			result.Channels = &ChannelsSecurity{}
+		}
+		mergeChannelsSecurity(result.Channels, newer.Channels)
+	}
+
+	// Merge Web
+	if existing.Web != nil {
+		result.Web = existing.Web
+	}
+	if newer.Web != nil {
+		if result.Web == nil {
+			result.Web = &WebToolsSecurity{}
+		}
+		mergeWebToolsSecurity(result.Web, newer.Web)
+	}
+
+	// Merge Skills
+	if existing.Skills != nil {
+		result.Skills = existing.Skills
+	}
+	if newer.Skills != nil {
+		if result.Skills == nil {
+			result.Skills = &SkillsSecurity{}
+		}
+		mergeSkillsSecurity(result.Skills, newer.Skills)
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+func mergeChannelsSecurity(dst, src *ChannelsSecurity) {
+	if src.Telegram != nil && src.Telegram.Token != "" {
+		dst.Telegram = src.Telegram
+	}
+	if src.Feishu != nil &&
+		(src.Feishu.AppSecret != "" || src.Feishu.EncryptKey != "" || src.Feishu.VerificationToken != "") {
+		dst.Feishu = src.Feishu
+	}
+	if src.Discord != nil && src.Discord.Token != "" {
+		dst.Discord = src.Discord
+	}
+	if src.Weixin != nil && src.Weixin.Token != "" {
+		dst.Weixin = src.Weixin
+	}
+	if src.QQ != nil && src.QQ.AppSecret != "" {
+		dst.QQ = src.QQ
+	}
+	if src.DingTalk != nil && src.DingTalk.ClientSecret != "" {
+		dst.DingTalk = src.DingTalk
+	}
+	if src.Slack != nil && (src.Slack.BotToken != "" || src.Slack.AppToken != "") {
+		dst.Slack = src.Slack
+	}
+	if src.Matrix != nil && src.Matrix.AccessToken != "" {
+		dst.Matrix = src.Matrix
+	}
+	if src.LINE != nil && (src.LINE.ChannelSecret != "" || src.LINE.ChannelAccessToken != "") {
+		dst.LINE = src.LINE
+	}
+	if src.OneBot != nil && src.OneBot.AccessToken != "" {
+		dst.OneBot = src.OneBot
+	}
+	if src.WeCom != nil && src.WeCom.Secret != "" {
+		dst.WeCom = src.WeCom
+	}
+	if src.Pico != nil && src.Pico.Token != "" {
+		dst.Pico = src.Pico
+	}
+	if src.IRC != nil && (src.IRC.Password != "" || src.IRC.NickServPassword != "" || src.IRC.SASLPassword != "") {
+		dst.IRC = src.IRC
+	}
+}
+
+func mergeWebToolsSecurity(dst, src *WebToolsSecurity) {
+	if src.Brave != nil && len(src.Brave.APIKeys) > 0 {
+		dst.Brave = src.Brave
+	}
+	if src.Tavily != nil && len(src.Tavily.APIKeys) > 0 {
+		dst.Tavily = src.Tavily
+	}
+	if src.Perplexity != nil && len(src.Perplexity.APIKeys) > 0 {
+		dst.Perplexity = src.Perplexity
+	}
+	if src.GLMSearch != nil && src.GLMSearch.APIKey != "" {
+		dst.GLMSearch = src.GLMSearch
+	}
+	if src.BaiduSearch != nil && src.BaiduSearch.APIKey != "" {
+		dst.BaiduSearch = src.BaiduSearch
+	}
+}
+
+func mergeSkillsSecurity(dst, src *SkillsSecurity) {
+	if src.Github != nil && src.Github.Token != "" {
+		dst.Github = src.Github
+	}
+	if src.ClawHub != nil && src.ClawHub.AuthToken != "" {
+		dst.ClawHub = src.ClawHub
+	}
+}
+
+// SensitiveDataCache caches the compiled regex for filtering sensitive data.
+// SensitiveDataCache caches the strings.Replacer for filtering sensitive data.
+// Computed once on first access via sync.Once.
+type SensitiveDataCache struct {
+	replacer *strings.Replacer
+	once     sync.Once
+}
+
+// SensitiveDataReplacer returns the strings.Replacer for filtering sensitive data.
+// It is computed once on first access via sync.Once.
+func (sec *SecurityConfig) SensitiveDataReplacer() *strings.Replacer {
+	sec.initSensitiveCache()
+	return sec.sensitiveCache.replacer
+}
+
+// initSensitiveCache initializes the sensitive data cache if not already done.
+func (sec *SecurityConfig) initSensitiveCache() {
+	if sec.sensitiveCache == nil {
+		sec.sensitiveCache = &SensitiveDataCache{}
+	}
+	sec.sensitiveCache.once.Do(func() {
+		values := sec.collectSensitiveValues()
+		if len(values) == 0 {
+			sec.sensitiveCache.replacer = strings.NewReplacer()
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Build old/new pairs for strings.Replacer
+		var pairs []string
+		for _, v := range values {
+			if len(v) > 3 {
+				pairs = append(pairs, v, "[FILTERED]")
+			}
+		}
+		if len(pairs) == 0 {
+			sec.sensitiveCache.replacer = strings.NewReplacer()
+			return
+		}
+		sec.sensitiveCache.replacer = strings.NewReplacer(pairs...)
+	})
+}
+
+// collectSensitiveValues collects all sensitive strings from SecurityConfig using reflection.
+func (sec *SecurityConfig) collectSensitiveValues() []string {
+	var values []string
+	collectSensitive(reflect.ValueOf(sec), &values)
+	return values
+}
+
+// collectSensitive recursively traverses the value and collects all non-empty string fields.
+func collectSensitive(v reflect.Value, values *[]string) {
+	// Dereference pointers/interfaces to get the underlying value
+	for v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr || v.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
+		if v.IsNil() {
+			return
+		}
+		v = v.Elem()
+	}
+
+	switch v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
+			field := v.Field(i)
+			fieldType := v.Type().Field(i)
+			if !fieldType.IsExported() {
+				continue
+			}
+			collectSensitive(field, values)
+		}
+	case reflect.String:
+		if v.String() != "" {
+			*values = append(*values, v.String())
+		}
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		if v.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.String {
+			for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
+				if s := v.Index(i).String(); s != "" {
+					*values = append(*values, s)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	case reflect.Map:
+		for _, key := range v.MapKeys() {
+			collectSensitive(v.MapIndex(key), values)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/config/security_integration_test.go b/pkg/config/security_integration_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..002988f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/config/security_integration_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// Test JSON unmarshal of private fields
+func TestJSONUnmarshalPrivateFields(t *testing.T) {
+	type testStruct struct {
+		PublicField  string `json:"public"`
+		privateField string
+	}
+
+	data := `{"public": "pub", "privateField": "priv"}`
+	var s testStruct
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(data), &s); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("JSON unmarshal failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	t.Logf("PublicField: %s", s.PublicField)
+	t.Logf("privateField: %s", s.privateField)
+
+	if s.PublicField != "pub" {
+		t.Errorf("PublicField = %q, want 'pub'", s.PublicField)
+	}
+	if s.privateField != "" {
+		t.Errorf("privateField = %q, want empty because unexported fields are ignored", s.privateField)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSecurityConfigIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Full workflow with security references", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+		// Create config.json with direct security values (not ref: references)
+		// These values should take precedence over .security.yml
+		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+		configContent := `{
+  "version": 1,
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "test-model",
+      "model": "openai/test-model",
+      "api_base": "https://api.openai.com/v1",
+      "api_key": "sk-from-config-json-direct"
+    }
+  ],
+  "channels": {
+    "telegram": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "token": "token-from-config-json-direct"
+    }
+  },
+  "tools": {
+    "web": {
+      "brave": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "api_key": "BSA-from-config-json-direct"
+      }
+    },
+    "skills": {
+      "github": {
+        "token": "ghp-from-config-json-direct"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}`
+		err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(configContent), 0o644)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Create .security.yml with different values
+		// These should be overridden by config.json values
+		securityPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, SecurityConfigFile)
+		securityContent := `model_list:
+  test-model:
+    api_keys:
+      - "sk-from-security-yml"
+
+channels:
+  telegram:
+    token: "token-from-security-yml"
+
+web:
+  brave:
+    api_keys:
+      - "BSA-from-security-yml"
+
+skills:
+  github:
+    token: "ghp-from-security-yml"`
+		err = os.WriteFile(securityPath, []byte(securityContent), 0o600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Load config and verify config.json values take precedence
+		cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, cfg)
+
+		// Verify model API key from config.json takes precedence
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, len(cfg.ModelList))
+		assert.Equal(t, "test-model", cfg.ModelList[0].ModelName)
+		assert.Equal(t, "sk-from-config-json-direct", cfg.ModelList[0].apiKeys[0])
+
+		// Verify channel token from config.json takes precedence
+		assert.Equal(t, "token-from-config-json-direct", cfg.Channels.Telegram.token)
+
+		// Verify web tool API key from config.json takes precedence
+		assert.Equal(t, "BSA-from-config-json-direct", cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKey())
+
+		// Verify skills token from config.json takes precedence
+		assert.Equal(t, "ghp-from-config-json-direct", cfg.Tools.Skills.Github.token)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSecurityConfigWithAPIKeysArray(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Multiple API keys via security", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+		// Create config with APIKeys array
+		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+		configContent := `{
+  "version": 1,
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "multi-key-model",
+      "model": "openai/multi-key-model"
+    }
+  ]
+}`
+		err := os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(configContent), 0o644)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Create .security.yml
+		securityPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, SecurityConfigFile)
+		securityContent := `model_list:
+  multi-key-model:0:
+    api_key: "sk-key-1"
+    api_keys:
+      - "sk-key-1"
+      - "sk-key-2"
+      - "sk-key-3"
+`
+		err = os.WriteFile(securityPath, []byte(securityContent), 0o600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Load config
+		cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		t.Logf("Config: %+v", cfg.ModelList)
+		for _, m := range cfg.ModelList {
+			t.Logf("Model: %+v", m)
+		}
+		// Verify multi-key expansion works
+		assert.Equal(t, 3, len(cfg.ModelList))
+		assert.Equal(t, "multi-key-model", cfg.ModelList[2].ModelName)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAllSecurityKeysAccessible(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("All security keys accessible via Key() methods including file://", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+		// Create test files for file:// references
+		modelAPIKeyFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "model_api_key.txt")
+		err := os.WriteFile(modelAPIKeyFile, []byte("sk-model-from-file-12345"), 0o600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		braveAPIKeyFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "brave_api_key.txt")
+		err = os.WriteFile(braveAPIKeyFile, []byte("BSA-brave-from-file-67890"), 0o600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		tavilyAPIKeyFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "tavily_api_key.txt")
+		err = os.WriteFile(tavilyAPIKeyFile, []byte("tvly-tavily-from-file-11111"), 0o600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		perplexityAPIKeyFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "perplexity_api_key.txt")
+		err = os.WriteFile(perplexityAPIKeyFile, []byte("pplx-perplexity-from-file-22222"), 0o600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		githubTokenFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "github_token.txt")
+		err = os.WriteFile(githubTokenFile, []byte("ghp-github-from-file-abc123"), 0o600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		clawhubAuthTokenFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "clawhub_auth_token.txt")
+		err = os.WriteFile(clawhubAuthTokenFile, []byte("clawhub-auth-token-from-file"), 0o600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Create config.json without sensitive values (they'll be in .security.yml)
+		configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.json")
+		configContent := `{
+  "version": 1,
+  "model_list": [
+    {
+      "model_name": "test-model-1",
+      "model": "openai/test-model-1"
+    }
+  ],
+  "channels": {
+    "telegram": {
+      "enabled": true
+    },
+    "feishu": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "app_id": "test_app_id"
+    },
+    "discord": {
+      "enabled": true
+    },
+    "dingtalk": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "client_id": "test_client_id"
+    },
+    "slack": {
+      "enabled": true
+    },
+    "matrix": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "homeserver": "https://matrix.org",
+      "user_id": "@test:matrix.org"
+    },
+    "line": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "webhook_host": "localhost",
+      "webhook_port": 8080,
+      "webhook_path": "/webhook"
+    },
+    "onebot": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "ws_url": "ws://localhost:8080"
+    },
+    "wecom": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "bot_id": "test_wecom_bot_id"
+    },
+    "pico": {
+      "enabled": true
+    },
+    "irc": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "server": "irc.example.com",
+      "nick": "testbot"
+    },
+    "qq": {
+      "enabled": true,
+      "app_id": "test_qq_app_id"
+    }
+  },
+  "tools": {
+    "web": {
+      "brave": {
+        "enabled": true
+      },
+      "tavily": {
+        "enabled": true
+      },
+      "perplexity": {
+        "enabled": true
+      },
+      "glm_search": {
+        "enabled": true
+      }
+    },
+    "skills": {
+      "github": {}
+    }
+  }
+}`
+		err = os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(configContent), 0o644)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Create .security.yml with file:// references and plaintext values
+		securityPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, SecurityConfigFile)
+		securityContent := `model_list:
+  test-model-1:
+    api_keys:
+      - "file://model_api_key.txt"
+
+channels:
+  telegram:
+    token: "123456789:ABCdefGHIjklMNOpqrsTUVwxyz"
+  feishu:
+    app_secret: "feishu_test_app_secret"
+    encrypt_key: "feishu_test_encrypt_key"
+    verification_token: "feishu_test_verification_token"
+  discord:
+    token: "discord_test_bot_token_xyz"
+  dingtalk:
+    client_secret: "dingtalk_test_client_secret"
+  slack:
+    bot_token: "xoxb-slack-bot-token-123"
+    app_token: "xapp-slack-app-token-456"
+  matrix:
+    access_token: "matrix_test_access_token"
+  line:
+    channel_secret: "line_test_channel_secret"
+    channel_access_token: "line_test_channel_access_token"
+  onebot:
+    access_token: "onebot_test_access_token"
+  wecom:
+    secret: "wecom_test_secret"
+  pico:
+    token: "pico_test_token"
+  irc:
+    password: "irc_test_password"
+    nickserv_password: "irc_test_nickserv_password"
+    sasl_password: "irc_test_sasl_password"
+  qq:
+    app_secret: "qq_test_app_secret"
+
+web:
+  brave:
+    api_keys:
+      - "file://brave_api_key.txt"
+  tavily:
+    api_keys:
+      - "file://tavily_api_key.txt"
+  perplexity:
+    api_keys:
+      - "file://perplexity_api_key.txt"
+  glm_search:
+    api_key: "glm-test-glm-search-key"
+
+skills:
+  github:
+    token: "file://github_token.txt"
+  clawhub:
+    auth_token: "file://clawhub_auth_token.txt"
+`
+		err = os.WriteFile(securityPath, []byte(securityContent), 0o600)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Load config and verify all security keys are accessible
+		cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, cfg)
+
+		// Verify Model API keys
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, len(cfg.ModelList))
+		assert.Equal(t, "test-model-1", cfg.ModelList[0].ModelName)
+		// file:// reference should be resolved
+		assert.Equal(t, "sk-model-from-file-12345", cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey())
+		t.Logf("Model APIKey(): %s", cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey())
+
+		// Verify Channel tokens via Key() methods
+		// Telegram
+		assert.Equal(t, "123456789:ABCdefGHIjklMNOpqrsTUVwxyz", cfg.Channels.Telegram.Token())
+		t.Logf("Telegram Token(): %s", cfg.Channels.Telegram.Token())
+
+		// Feishu
+		assert.Equal(t, "feishu_test_app_secret", cfg.Channels.Feishu.AppSecret())
+		assert.Equal(t, "feishu_test_encrypt_key", cfg.Channels.Feishu.EncryptKey())
+		assert.Equal(t, "feishu_test_verification_token", cfg.Channels.Feishu.VerificationToken())
+		t.Logf("Feishu AppSecret(): %s", cfg.Channels.Feishu.AppSecret())
+		t.Logf("Feishu EncryptKey(): %s", cfg.Channels.Feishu.EncryptKey())
+		t.Logf("Feishu VerificationToken(): %s", cfg.Channels.Feishu.VerificationToken())
+
+		// Discord
+		assert.Equal(t, "discord_test_bot_token_xyz", cfg.Channels.Discord.Token())
+		t.Logf("Discord Token(): %s", cfg.Channels.Discord.Token())
+
+		// DingTalk
+		assert.Equal(t, "dingtalk_test_client_secret", cfg.Channels.DingTalk.ClientSecret())
+		t.Logf("DingTalk ClientSecret(): %s", cfg.Channels.DingTalk.ClientSecret())
+
+		// Slack
+		assert.Equal(t, "xoxb-slack-bot-token-123", cfg.Channels.Slack.BotToken())
+		assert.Equal(t, "xapp-slack-app-token-456", cfg.Channels.Slack.AppToken())
+		t.Logf("Slack BotToken(): %s", cfg.Channels.Slack.BotToken())
+		t.Logf("Slack AppToken(): %s", cfg.Channels.Slack.AppToken())
+
+		// Matrix
+		assert.Equal(t, "matrix_test_access_token", cfg.Channels.Matrix.AccessToken())
+		t.Logf("Matrix AccessToken(): %s", cfg.Channels.Matrix.AccessToken())
+
+		// LINE
+		assert.Equal(t, "line_test_channel_secret", cfg.Channels.LINE.ChannelSecret())
+		assert.Equal(t, "line_test_channel_access_token", cfg.Channels.LINE.ChannelAccessToken())
+		t.Logf("LINE ChannelSecret(): %s", cfg.Channels.LINE.ChannelSecret())
+		t.Logf("LINE ChannelAccessToken(): %s", cfg.Channels.LINE.ChannelAccessToken())
+
+		// OneBot
+		assert.Equal(t, "onebot_test_access_token", cfg.Channels.OneBot.AccessToken())
+		t.Logf("OneBot AccessToken(): %s", cfg.Channels.OneBot.AccessToken())
+
+		// WeCom
+		assert.Equal(t, "test_wecom_bot_id", cfg.Channels.WeCom.BotID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "wecom_test_secret", cfg.Channels.WeCom.Secret())
+		t.Logf("WeCom BotID: %s", cfg.Channels.WeCom.BotID)
+		t.Logf("WeCom Secret(): %s", cfg.Channels.WeCom.Secret())
+
+		// Pico
+		assert.Equal(t, "pico_test_token", cfg.Channels.Pico.Token())
+		t.Logf("Pico Token(): %s", cfg.Channels.Pico.Token())
+
+		// IRC
+		assert.Equal(t, "irc_test_password", cfg.Channels.IRC.Password())
+		assert.Equal(t, "irc_test_nickserv_password", cfg.Channels.IRC.NickServPassword())
+		assert.Equal(t, "irc_test_sasl_password", cfg.Channels.IRC.SASLPassword())
+		t.Logf("IRC Password(): %s", cfg.Channels.IRC.Password())
+		t.Logf("IRC NickServPassword(): %s", cfg.Channels.IRC.NickServPassword())
+		t.Logf("IRC SASLPassword(): %s", cfg.Channels.IRC.SASLPassword())
+
+		// QQ
+		assert.Equal(t, "qq_test_app_secret", cfg.Channels.QQ.AppSecret())
+		t.Logf("QQ AppSecret(): %s", cfg.Channels.QQ.AppSecret())
+
+		// Verify Web tool API keys
+		assert.Equal(t, "BSA-brave-from-file-67890", cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKey())
+		t.Logf("Brave APIKey(): %s", cfg.Tools.Web.Brave.APIKey())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "tvly-tavily-from-file-11111", cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.APIKey())
+		t.Logf("Tavily APIKey(): %s", cfg.Tools.Web.Tavily.APIKey())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "pplx-perplexity-from-file-22222", cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.APIKey())
+		t.Logf("Perplexity APIKey(): %s", cfg.Tools.Web.Perplexity.APIKey())
+
+		// GLM Search - Note: GLM uses SetAPIKey (lowercase) internally
+		t.Logf("GLMSearch APIKey(): %s", cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.APIKey())
+		assert.Equal(t, "glm-test-glm-search-key", cfg.Tools.Web.GLMSearch.APIKey())
+
+		// Verify Skills tokens
+		assert.Equal(t, "ghp-github-from-file-abc123", cfg.Tools.Skills.Github.Token())
+		t.Logf("Github Token(): %s", cfg.Tools.Skills.Github.Token())
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "clawhub-auth-token-from-file", cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub.AuthToken())
+		t.Logf("ClawHub AuthToken(): %s", cfg.Tools.Skills.Registries.ClawHub.AuthToken())
+
+		t.Log("All security keys are successfully accessible via their respective Key() methods")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/pkg/config/security_test.go b/pkg/config/security_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f260ed59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/config/security_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+package config
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSecurityConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("LoadNonExistent", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sec, err := loadSecurityConfig("/nonexistent/.security.yml")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, sec)
+		assert.Empty(t, sec.ModelList)
+		assert.NotNil(t, sec.Channels)
+		assert.NotNil(t, sec.Web)
+		assert.NotNil(t, sec.Skills)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSecurityPath(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		configDir string
+		want      string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "standard path",
+			configDir: "/home/user/.picoclaw/config.json",
+			want:      "/home/user/.picoclaw/.security.yml",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "nested path",
+			configDir: "/path/to/config/myconfig.json",
+			want:      "/path/to/config/.security.yml",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := securityPath(tt.configDir)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSaveAndLoadSecurityConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	secPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, SecurityConfigFile)
+
+	original := &SecurityConfig{
+		ModelList: map[string]ModelSecurityEntry{
+			"model1:0": {
+				APIKeys: []string{"key1", "key2"},
+			},
+		},
+		Channels: &ChannelsSecurity{
+			Telegram: &TelegramSecurity{
+				Token: "telegram-token",
+			},
+		},
+		Web: &WebToolsSecurity{
+			Brave: &BraveSecurity{
+				APIKeys: []string{"brave-api-key"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Save
+	err := saveSecurityConfig(secPath, original)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Verify file was created with correct permissions
+	info, err := os.Stat(secPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, os.FileMode(0o600), info.Mode())
+
+	// Load
+	loaded, err := loadSecurityConfig(secPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, original.ModelList, loaded.ModelList)
+	assert.Equal(t, original.Channels.Telegram.Token, loaded.Channels.Telegram.Token)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, original.Web.Brave.APIKeys, loaded.Web.Brave.APIKeys)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/env.go b/pkg/env.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9a77dab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/env.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// all environment variables including default values put here
+
+package pkg
+
+const (
+	Logo = "🦞"
+	// AppName is the name of the app
+	AppName = "PicoClaw"
+
+	DefaultPicoClawHome = ".picoclaw"
+	WorkspaceName       = "workspace"
+)
diff --git a/pkg/fileutil/file.go b/pkg/fileutil/file.go
index 7ca872374..22374ac3d 100644
--- a/pkg/fileutil/file.go
+++ b/pkg/fileutil/file.go
@@ -117,3 +117,11 @@ func WriteFileAtomic(path string, data []byte, perm os.FileMode) error {
 	cleanup = false
 	return nil
 }
+
+func CopyFile(src, dst string, perm os.FileMode) error {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return WriteFileAtomic(dst, data, perm)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/gateway/channel_matrix.go b/pkg/gateway/channel_matrix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a46addae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/gateway/channel_matrix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//go:build !mipsle && !netbsd && !(freebsd && arm)
+
+package gateway
+
+import (
+	// Matrix currently pulls in mautrix crypto and modernc sqlite transitively.
+	//
+	// We exclude it on:
+	// - linux/mipsle: mautrix crypto falls back to libolm when the `goolm` build
+	//   tag is unavailable, and modernc.org/sqlite/modernc.org/libc also lacks a
+	//   working build path for our mipsle + softfloat target.
+	// - netbsd/*: modernc.org/sqlite v1.46.1 fails to compile due to broken
+	//   generated mutex code on NetBSD (for example sqlite_netbsd_amd64.go calls
+	//   mu.enter/mu.leave, but the generated mutex type does not define them).
+	// - freebsd/arm: modernc.org/libc v1.67.6 fails to compile due to broken
+	//   generated 32-bit FreeBSD code (size_t/uint64 and int32/int64 mismatches
+	//   in libc_freebsd.go).
+	//
+	// This means Matrix is currently unavailable on those targets. The proper
+	// long-term fix is to split Matrix basic support from its E2EE/sqlite-backed
+	// crypto path, or to upgrade/replace the upstream sqlite dependency once the
+	// affected targets are supported.
+	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/matrix"
+)
diff --git a/pkg/gateway/gateway.go b/pkg/gateway/gateway.go
index 9a2706b3b..03d7dfe0c 100644
--- a/pkg/gateway/gateway.go
+++ b/pkg/gateway/gateway.go
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/irc"
 	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/line"
 	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/maixcam"
-	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/matrix"
 	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/onebot"
 	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/pico"
 	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/qq"
 	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/slack"
 	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/telegram"
 	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/wecom"
+	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/weixin"
 	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/whatsapp"
 	_ "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/whatsapp_native"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
@@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ const (
 	serviceShutdownTimeout  = 30 * time.Second
 	providerReloadTimeout   = 30 * time.Second
 	gracefulShutdownTimeout = 15 * time.Second
+
+	logPath   = "logs"
+	panicFile = "gateway_panic.log"
+	logFile   = "gateway.log"
 )
 
 type services struct {
@@ -78,17 +82,31 @@ func (p *startupBlockedProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
 }
 
 // Run starts the gateway runtime using the configuration loaded from configPath.
-func Run(debug bool, configPath string, allowEmptyStartup bool) error {
-	if debug {
-		logger.SetLevel(logger.DEBUG)
-		fmt.Println("🔍 Debug mode enabled")
+func Run(debug bool, homePath, configPath string, allowEmptyStartup bool) error {
+	panicPath := filepath.Join(homePath, logPath, panicFile)
+	panicFunc, err := logger.InitPanic(panicPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error initializing panic log: %w", err)
 	}
+	defer panicFunc()
+
+	if err = logger.EnableFileLogging(filepath.Join(homePath, logPath, logFile)); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("error enabling file logging: %v", err))
+	}
+	defer logger.DisableFileLogging()
 
 	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error loading config: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	logger.SetLevelFromString(cfg.Gateway.LogLevel)
+
+	if debug {
+		logger.SetLevel(logger.DEBUG)
+		fmt.Println("🔍 Debug mode enabled")
+	}
+
 	provider, modelID, err := createStartupProvider(cfg, allowEmptyStartup)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error creating provider: %w", err)
@@ -378,9 +396,6 @@ func handleConfigReload(
 	logger.Info("🔄 Config file changed, reloading...")
 
 	newModel := newCfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName
-	if newModel == "" {
-		newModel = newCfg.Agents.Defaults.Model
-	}
 
 	logger.Infof(" New model is '%s', recreating provider...", newModel)
 
diff --git a/pkg/logger/logger.go b/pkg/logger/logger.go
index c5a1f895a..1bcc1cec9 100644
--- a/pkg/logger/logger.go
+++ b/pkg/logger/logger.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package logger
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
@@ -100,12 +101,48 @@ func SetConsoleLevel(level LogLevel) {
 	logger = logger.Level(level)
 }
 
+func DisableConsole() {
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+	logger = zerolog.New(io.Discard).With().Timestamp().Caller().Logger()
+}
+
 func GetLevel() LogLevel {
 	mu.RLock()
 	defer mu.RUnlock()
 	return currentLevel
 }
 
+// ParseLevel converts a case-insensitive level name to a LogLevel.
+// Returns the level and true if valid, or (INFO, false) if unrecognized.
+func ParseLevel(s string) (LogLevel, bool) {
+	switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(s)) {
+	case "debug":
+		return DEBUG, true
+	case "info":
+		return INFO, true
+	case "warn", "warning":
+		return WARN, true
+	case "error":
+		return ERROR, true
+	case "fatal":
+		return FATAL, true
+	default:
+		return INFO, false
+	}
+}
+
+// SetLevelFromString sets the log level from a string value.
+// If the string is empty or not a recognized level name, the current level is kept.
+func SetLevelFromString(s string) {
+	if s == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	if level, ok := ParseLevel(s); ok {
+		SetLevel(level)
+	}
+}
+
 func EnableFileLogging(filePath string) error {
 	mu.Lock()
 	defer mu.Unlock()
@@ -140,6 +177,22 @@ func DisableFileLogging() {
 	fileLogger = zerolog.Logger{}
 }
 
+func ConfigureFromEnv() {
+	if logFile := os.Getenv("PICOCLAW_LOG_FILE"); logFile != "" {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(logFile, "~/") {
+			if home := os.Getenv("HOME"); home != "" {
+				logFile = filepath.Join(home, logFile[2:])
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := EnableFileLogging(logFile); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "failed to enable file logging: %v\n", err)
+		} else {
+			DisableConsole()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func getCallerSkip() int {
 	for i := 2; i < 15; i++ {
 		pc, file, _, ok := runtime.Caller(i)
@@ -226,6 +279,8 @@ func appendFields(event *zerolog.Event, fields map[string]any) {
 	for k, v := range fields {
 		// Type switch to avoid double JSON serialization of strings
 		switch val := v.(type) {
+		case error:
+			event.Str(k, val.Error())
 		case string:
 			event.Str(k, val)
 		case int:
diff --git a/pkg/logger/logger_test.go b/pkg/logger/logger_test.go
index 31b40484c..1eca72607 100644
--- a/pkg/logger/logger_test.go
+++ b/pkg/logger/logger_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,16 @@
 package logger
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 )
 
 func TestLogLevelFiltering(t *testing.T) {
@@ -252,3 +261,148 @@ func TestFormatFieldValue(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestDefaultLevelIsInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	// The package-level default (before any SetLevel call) should be INFO.
+	// Because earlier tests may have changed it, we just verify the constant is wired correctly.
+	if logLevelNames[INFO] != "INFO" {
+		t.Errorf("INFO constant mapped to %q, want \"INFO\"", logLevelNames[INFO])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseLevelValid(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		input string
+		want  LogLevel
+	}{
+		{"debug", DEBUG},
+		{"DEBUG", DEBUG},
+		{"Debug", DEBUG},
+		{"info", INFO},
+		{"INFO", INFO},
+		{"warn", WARN},
+		{"WARN", WARN},
+		{"warning", WARN},
+		{"WARNING", WARN},
+		{"error", ERROR},
+		{"ERROR", ERROR},
+		{"fatal", FATAL},
+		{"FATAL", FATAL},
+		{"  info  ", INFO},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, ok := ParseLevel(tt.input)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("ParseLevel(%q) returned ok=false, want true", tt.input)
+			}
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("ParseLevel(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.input, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseLevelInvalid(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []string{"", "garbage", "verbose", "trace", "critical"}
+
+	for _, input := range tests {
+		t.Run(input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, ok := ParseLevel(input)
+			if ok {
+				t.Errorf("ParseLevel(%q) returned ok=true, want false", input)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetLevelFromString(t *testing.T) {
+	initialLevel := GetLevel()
+	defer SetLevel(initialLevel)
+
+	// Valid string changes the level
+	SetLevel(INFO)
+	SetLevelFromString("error")
+	if got := GetLevel(); got != ERROR {
+		t.Errorf("after SetLevelFromString(\"error\"): GetLevel() = %v, want ERROR", got)
+	}
+
+	// Empty string is a no-op
+	SetLevelFromString("")
+	if got := GetLevel(); got != ERROR {
+		t.Errorf("after SetLevelFromString(\"\"): GetLevel() = %v, want ERROR (unchanged)", got)
+	}
+
+	// Invalid string is a no-op
+	SetLevelFromString("garbage")
+	if got := GetLevel(); got != ERROR {
+		t.Errorf("after SetLevelFromString(\"garbage\"): GetLevel() = %v, want ERROR (unchanged)", got)
+	}
+
+	// Case-insensitive
+	SetLevelFromString("FATAL")
+	if got := GetLevel(); got != FATAL {
+		t.Errorf("after SetLevelFromString(\"FATAL\"): GetLevel() = %v, want FATAL", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppendFields_ErrorUsesErrorString(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	l := zerolog.New(&buf)
+
+	event := l.Info()
+	appendFields(event, map[string]any{"error": errors.New("transcription request failed")})
+	event.Msg("test")
+
+	lines := bytes.Split(bytes.TrimSpace(buf.Bytes()), []byte("\n"))
+	if len(lines) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected log output, got none")
+	}
+
+	var got map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(lines[0], &got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal log line: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got["error"] != "transcription request failed" {
+		t.Fatalf("error field = %#v, want %q", got["error"], "transcription request failed")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDisableConsole(t *testing.T) {
+	DisableConsole()
+	Info("this should go to nowhere")
+}
+
+func TestConfigureFromEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	home := os.Getenv("HOME")
+	if home == "" {
+		t.Skip("HOME not set")
+	}
+
+	tmpFile := "/tmp/picoclaw_test_log_" + fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	defer os.Remove(tmpFile)
+
+	os.Setenv("PICOCLAW_LOG_FILE", tmpFile)
+	defer os.Unsetenv("PICOCLAW_LOG_FILE")
+
+	ConfigureFromEnv()
+
+	if logFile == nil {
+		t.Error("expected log file to be set")
+	}
+
+	Info("test message")
+
+	os.Setenv("PICOCLAW_LOG_FILE", "~/test_log")
+	ConfigureFromEnv()
+
+	expanded := filepath.Join(home, "test_log")
+	defer os.Remove(expanded)
+}
+
+func TestConfigureFromEnvNoEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	os.Unsetenv("PICOCLAW_LOG_FILE")
+	ConfigureFromEnv()
+}
diff --git a/pkg/logger/panic.go b/pkg/logger/panic.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e53e4351a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/logger/panic.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func InitPanic(filePath string) (func(), error) {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(filePath), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create log directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	writer := initPanicFile(filePath)
+	if writer == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create log file: %s", filePath)
+	}
+	return func() {
+		defer writer.Close()
+		if err := recover(); err != nil {
+			now := time.Now().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
+			stack := debug.Stack()
+			logMsg := "\n\n====================\n[" + now + "] PANIC OCCURRED: " + fmt.Sprintf(
+				"%v",
+				err,
+			) + "\n" + string(
+				stack,
+			)
+
+			writer.Write([]byte(logMsg))
+
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	}, nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/logger/panic_unix.go b/pkg/logger/panic_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48f393b45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/logger/panic_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+func initPanicFile(panicFile string) io.WriteCloser {
+	file, err := os.OpenFile(panicFile, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_APPEND|os.O_SYNC, 0o600)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("error in open panic: %v", err))
+	}
+	if err = unix.Dup2(int(file.Fd()), int(os.Stderr.Fd())); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("error in syscall.Dup2: %v", err))
+	}
+	return file
+}
diff --git a/pkg/logger/panic_win.go b/pkg/logger/panic_win.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e6eead02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/logger/panic_win.go
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//go:build windows
+// +build windows
+
+package logger
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+func initPanicFile(panicFile string) io.WriteCloser {
+	file, err := os.OpenFile(panicFile, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_SYNC|os.O_APPEND, 0o600)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("error in open panic: %v", err))
+	}
+	err = windows.SetStdHandle(windows.STD_ERROR_HANDLE, windows.Handle(file.Fd()))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to redirect stderr to file: %v", err))
+	}
+	os.Stderr = file
+	return file
+}
diff --git a/pkg/media/store.go b/pkg/media/store.go
index 30220986c..78cff8bb6 100644
--- a/pkg/media/store.go
+++ b/pkg/media/store.go
@@ -11,11 +11,25 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
 )
 
+// CleanupPolicy controls how the MediaStore treats the underlying file when
+// a ref is released or expires.
+type CleanupPolicy string
+
+const (
+	// CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup means the file is store-managed and may be
+	// deleted once the final ref for that path is gone.
+	CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup CleanupPolicy = "delete_on_cleanup"
+	// CleanupPolicyForgetOnly means the store should only drop ref mappings and
+	// must never delete the underlying file.
+	CleanupPolicyForgetOnly CleanupPolicy = "forget_only"
+)
+
 // MediaMeta holds metadata about a stored media file.
 type MediaMeta struct {
-	Filename    string
-	ContentType string
-	Source      string // "telegram", "discord", "tool:image-gen", etc.
+	Filename      string
+	ContentType   string
+	Source        string        // "telegram", "discord", "tool:image-gen", etc.
+	CleanupPolicy CleanupPolicy // defaults to CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup
 }
 
 // MediaStore manages the lifecycle of media files associated with processing scopes.
@@ -23,6 +37,7 @@ type MediaStore interface {
 	// Store registers an existing local file under the given scope.
 	// Returns a ref identifier (e.g. "media://<id>").
 	// Store does not move or copy the file; it only records the mapping.
+	// If meta.CleanupPolicy is empty, CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup is assumed.
 	Store(localPath string, meta MediaMeta, scope string) (ref string, err error)
 
 	// Resolve returns the local file path for a given ref.
@@ -43,6 +58,11 @@ type mediaEntry struct {
 	storedAt time.Time
 }
 
+type pathRefState struct {
+	refCount       int
+	deleteEligible bool
+}
+
 // MediaCleanerConfig configures the background TTL cleanup.
 type MediaCleanerConfig struct {
 	Enabled  bool
@@ -57,6 +77,8 @@ type FileMediaStore struct {
 	refs        map[string]mediaEntry
 	scopeToRefs map[string]map[string]struct{}
 	refToScope  map[string]string
+	refToPath   map[string]string
+	pathStates  map[string]pathRefState
 
 	cleanerCfg MediaCleanerConfig
 	stop       chan struct{}
@@ -71,6 +93,8 @@ func NewFileMediaStore() *FileMediaStore {
 		refs:        make(map[string]mediaEntry),
 		scopeToRefs: make(map[string]map[string]struct{}),
 		refToScope:  make(map[string]string),
+		refToPath:   make(map[string]string),
+		pathStates:  make(map[string]pathRefState),
 		nowFunc:     time.Now,
 	}
 }
@@ -81,6 +105,8 @@ func NewFileMediaStoreWithCleanup(cfg MediaCleanerConfig) *FileMediaStore {
 		refs:        make(map[string]mediaEntry),
 		scopeToRefs: make(map[string]map[string]struct{}),
 		refToScope:  make(map[string]string),
+		refToPath:   make(map[string]string),
+		pathStates:  make(map[string]pathRefState),
 		cleanerCfg:  cfg,
 		stop:        make(chan struct{}),
 		nowFunc:     time.Now,
@@ -94,6 +120,7 @@ func (s *FileMediaStore) Store(localPath string, meta MediaMeta, scope string) (
 	}
 
 	ref := "media://" + uuid.New().String()
+	meta.CleanupPolicy = normalizeCleanupPolicy(meta.CleanupPolicy)
 
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	defer s.mu.Unlock()
@@ -104,6 +131,18 @@ func (s *FileMediaStore) Store(localPath string, meta MediaMeta, scope string) (
 	}
 	s.scopeToRefs[scope][ref] = struct{}{}
 	s.refToScope[ref] = scope
+	s.refToPath[ref] = localPath
+
+	pathState := s.pathStates[localPath]
+	if pathState.refCount == 0 {
+		pathState.deleteEligible = meta.CleanupPolicy == CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup
+	} else if meta.CleanupPolicy == CleanupPolicyForgetOnly {
+		// Be conservative: once a path is borrowed externally, never let this
+		// lifecycle auto-delete it even if store-managed refs also exist.
+		pathState.deleteEligible = false
+	}
+	pathState.refCount++
+	s.pathStates[localPath] = pathState
 
 	return ref, nil
 }
@@ -134,7 +173,8 @@ func (s *FileMediaStore) ResolveWithMeta(ref string) (string, MediaMeta, error)
 
 // ReleaseAll removes all files under the given scope and cleans up mappings.
 // Phase 1 (under lock): remove entries from maps.
-// Phase 2 (no lock): delete files from disk.
+// Phase 2 (no lock): delete store-managed files from disk once their final
+// path ref is gone.
 func (s *FileMediaStore) ReleaseAll(scope string) error {
 	// Phase 1: collect paths and remove from maps under lock
 	var paths []string
@@ -147,11 +187,13 @@ func (s *FileMediaStore) ReleaseAll(scope string) error {
 	}
 
 	for ref := range refs {
+		fallbackPath := ""
 		if entry, exists := s.refs[ref]; exists {
-			paths = append(paths, entry.path)
+			fallbackPath = entry.path
+		}
+		if removablePath, shouldDelete := s.releaseRefLocked(ref, fallbackPath); shouldDelete {
+			paths = append(paths, removablePath)
 		}
-		delete(s.refs, ref)
-		delete(s.refToScope, ref)
 	}
 	delete(s.scopeToRefs, scope)
 	s.mu.Unlock()
@@ -171,7 +213,7 @@ func (s *FileMediaStore) ReleaseAll(scope string) error {
 
 // CleanExpired removes all entries older than MaxAge.
 // Phase 1 (under lock): identify expired entries and remove from maps.
-// Phase 2 (no lock): delete files from disk to minimize lock contention.
+// Phase 2 (no lock): delete store-managed files from disk to minimize lock contention.
 func (s *FileMediaStore) CleanExpired() int {
 	if s.cleanerCfg.MaxAge <= 0 {
 		return 0
@@ -179,8 +221,8 @@ func (s *FileMediaStore) CleanExpired() int {
 
 	// Phase 1: collect expired entries under lock
 	type expiredEntry struct {
-		ref  string
-		path string
+		ref        string
+		deletePath string
 	}
 
 	s.mu.Lock()
@@ -189,8 +231,6 @@ func (s *FileMediaStore) CleanExpired() int {
 
 	for ref, entry := range s.refs {
 		if entry.storedAt.Before(cutoff) {
-			expired = append(expired, expiredEntry{ref: ref, path: entry.path})
-
 			if scope, ok := s.refToScope[ref]; ok {
 				if scopeRefs, ok := s.scopeToRefs[scope]; ok {
 					delete(scopeRefs, ref)
@@ -200,17 +240,23 @@ func (s *FileMediaStore) CleanExpired() int {
 				}
 			}
 
-			delete(s.refs, ref)
-			delete(s.refToScope, ref)
+			expiredItem := expiredEntry{ref: ref}
+			if deletePath, shouldDelete := s.releaseRefLocked(ref, entry.path); shouldDelete {
+				expiredItem.deletePath = deletePath
+			}
+			expired = append(expired, expiredItem)
 		}
 	}
 	s.mu.Unlock()
 
 	// Phase 2: delete files without holding the lock
 	for _, e := range expired {
-		if err := os.Remove(e.path); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		if e.deletePath == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := os.Remove(e.deletePath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			logger.WarnCF("media", "cleanup: failed to remove file", map[string]any{
-				"path":  e.path,
+				"path":  e.deletePath,
 				"error": err.Error(),
 			})
 		}
@@ -219,6 +265,45 @@ func (s *FileMediaStore) CleanExpired() int {
 	return len(expired)
 }
 
+func normalizeCleanupPolicy(policy CleanupPolicy) CleanupPolicy {
+	switch policy {
+	case "", CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup:
+		return CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup
+	case CleanupPolicyForgetOnly:
+		return CleanupPolicyForgetOnly
+	default:
+		return CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *FileMediaStore) releaseRefLocked(ref, fallbackPath string) (string, bool) {
+	path := fallbackPath
+	if storedPath, ok := s.refToPath[ref]; ok {
+		path = storedPath
+		delete(s.refToPath, ref)
+	}
+
+	delete(s.refs, ref)
+	delete(s.refToScope, ref)
+
+	if path == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	pathState, ok := s.pathStates[path]
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	if pathState.refCount <= 1 {
+		delete(s.pathStates, path)
+		return path, pathState.deleteEligible
+	}
+
+	pathState.refCount--
+	s.pathStates[path] = pathState
+	return "", false
+}
+
 // Start begins the background cleanup goroutine if cleanup is enabled.
 // Safe to call multiple times; only the first call starts the goroutine.
 func (s *FileMediaStore) Start() {
diff --git a/pkg/media/store_test.go b/pkg/media/store_test.go
index 1dcfdf350..dabcc3142 100644
--- a/pkg/media/store_test.go
+++ b/pkg/media/store_test.go
@@ -77,6 +77,106 @@ func TestReleaseAll(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestReleaseAllForgetOnlyKeepsFile(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	store := NewFileMediaStore()
+
+	path := createTempFile(t, dir, "workspace.txt")
+	ref, err := store.Store(path, MediaMeta{
+		Source:        "test",
+		CleanupPolicy: CleanupPolicyForgetOnly,
+	}, "scope1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := store.ReleaseAll("scope1"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReleaseAll failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := store.Resolve(ref); err == nil {
+		t.Error("forget-only ref should be unresolvable after release")
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("forget-only file should remain on disk: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReleaseAllSharedPathDeletesOnFinalRefOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	store := NewFileMediaStore()
+
+	path := createTempFile(t, dir, "shared.jpg")
+	refA, err := store.Store(path, MediaMeta{
+		Source:        "test",
+		CleanupPolicy: CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
+	}, "scopeA")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store(scopeA) failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	refB, err := store.Store(path, MediaMeta{
+		Source:        "test",
+		CleanupPolicy: CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
+	}, "scopeB")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store(scopeB) failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := store.ReleaseAll("scopeA"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReleaseAll(scopeA) failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := store.Resolve(refA); err == nil {
+		t.Error("refA should be unresolvable after ReleaseAll(scopeA)")
+	}
+	if _, err := store.Resolve(refB); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("refB should still resolve: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("shared file should remain until final ref is released: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := store.ReleaseAll("scopeB"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReleaseAll(scopeB) failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Error("shared file should be deleted after final ref is released")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReleaseAllMixedPoliciesKeepsFile(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	store := NewFileMediaStore()
+
+	path := createTempFile(t, dir, "shared.txt")
+	if _, err := store.Store(path, MediaMeta{
+		Source:        "test",
+		CleanupPolicy: CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
+	}, "owned"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store(owned) failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := store.Store(path, MediaMeta{
+		Source:        "test",
+		CleanupPolicy: CleanupPolicyForgetOnly,
+	}, "borrowed"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store(borrowed) failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := store.ReleaseAll("owned"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReleaseAll(owned) failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mixed-policy file should remain after owned ref release: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := store.ReleaseAll("borrowed"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReleaseAll(borrowed) failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("mixed-policy path should not be auto-deleted: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestMultiScopeIsolation(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	store := NewFileMediaStore()
@@ -293,6 +393,35 @@ func TestCleanExpiredRemovesOldEntries(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCleanExpiredForgetOnlyKeepsFile(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	now := time.Now()
+	store := newTestStoreWithCleanup(10 * time.Minute)
+	store.nowFunc = func() time.Time { return now.Add(-20 * time.Minute) }
+
+	path := createTempFile(t, dir, "workspace.txt")
+	ref, err := store.Store(path, MediaMeta{
+		Source:        "test",
+		CleanupPolicy: CleanupPolicyForgetOnly,
+	}, "scope1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	store.nowFunc = func() time.Time { return now }
+	removed := store.CleanExpired()
+
+	if removed != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 removed, got %d", removed)
+	}
+	if _, err := store.Resolve(ref); err == nil {
+		t.Error("expired forget-only ref should be unresolvable")
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("forget-only file should remain on disk: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCleanExpiredKeepsNonExpired(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	now := time.Now()
@@ -346,6 +475,53 @@ func TestCleanExpiredMixedAges(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCleanExpiredSharedPathDeletesOnFinalRefOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	now := time.Now()
+	store := newTestStoreWithCleanup(10 * time.Minute)
+
+	path := createTempFile(t, dir, "shared.jpg")
+
+	store.nowFunc = func() time.Time { return now.Add(-20 * time.Minute) }
+	oldRef, err := store.Store(path, MediaMeta{
+		Source:        "test",
+		CleanupPolicy: CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
+	}, "scope-old")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store(old) failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	store.nowFunc = func() time.Time { return now }
+	freshRef, err := store.Store(path, MediaMeta{
+		Source:        "test",
+		CleanupPolicy: CleanupPolicyDeleteOnCleanup,
+	}, "scope-fresh")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Store(fresh) failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	removed := store.CleanExpired()
+	if removed != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 removed, got %d", removed)
+	}
+	if _, err := store.Resolve(oldRef); err == nil {
+		t.Error("old ref should be gone after cleanup")
+	}
+	if _, err := store.Resolve(freshRef); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("fresh ref should still resolve: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("shared file should remain while fresh ref exists: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := store.ReleaseAll("scope-fresh"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReleaseAll(scope-fresh) failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Error("shared file should be deleted after final ref is released")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCleanExpiredCleansEmptyScopes(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()
 	now := time.Now()
diff --git a/pkg/migrate/internal/common.go b/pkg/migrate/internal/common.go
index 75aef5dc2..65a87adc4 100644
--- a/pkg/migrate/internal/common.go
+++ b/pkg/migrate/internal/common.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 )
 
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ func ResolveTargetHome(override string) (string, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("resolving home directory: %w", err)
 	}
-	return filepath.Join(home, ".picoclaw"), nil
+	return filepath.Join(home, pkg.DefaultPicoClawHome), nil
 }
 
 func ExpandHome(path string) string {
diff --git a/pkg/migrate/sources/openclaw/common.go b/pkg/migrate/sources/openclaw/common.go
index 337c950d0..938f15b80 100644
--- a/pkg/migrate/sources/openclaw/common.go
+++ b/pkg/migrate/sources/openclaw/common.go
@@ -13,17 +13,16 @@ var migrateableDirs = []string{
 }
 
 var supportedChannels = map[string]bool{
-	"whatsapp":  true,
-	"telegram":  true,
-	"feishu":    true,
-	"discord":   true,
-	"maixcam":   true,
-	"qq":        true,
-	"dingtalk":  true,
-	"slack":     true,
-	"matrix":    true,
-	"line":      true,
-	"onebot":    true,
-	"wecom":     true,
-	"wecom_app": true,
+	"whatsapp": true,
+	"telegram": true,
+	"feishu":   true,
+	"discord":  true,
+	"maixcam":  true,
+	"qq":       true,
+	"dingtalk": true,
+	"slack":    true,
+	"matrix":   true,
+	"line":     true,
+	"onebot":   true,
+	"wecom":    true,
 }
diff --git a/pkg/migrate/sources/openclaw/openclaw_config.go b/pkg/migrate/sources/openclaw/openclaw_config.go
index 317bd3e84..b56194b3d 100644
--- a/pkg/migrate/sources/openclaw/openclaw_config.go
+++ b/pkg/migrate/sources/openclaw/openclaw_config.go
@@ -981,13 +981,16 @@ func (c *PicoClawConfig) ToStandardConfig() *config.Config {
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelFallbacks = c.Agents.Defaults.ModelFallbacks
 
 	for _, m := range c.ModelList {
-		cfg.ModelList = append(cfg.ModelList, config.ModelConfig{
+		mc := &config.ModelConfig{
 			ModelName: m.ModelName,
 			Model:     m.Model,
 			APIBase:   m.APIBase,
-			APIKey:    m.APIKey,
 			Proxy:     m.Proxy,
-		})
+		}
+		if m.APIKey != "" {
+			mc.SetAPIKey(m.APIKey)
+		}
+		cfg.ModelList = append(cfg.ModelList, mc)
 	}
 
 	cfg.Channels = c.Channels.ToStandardChannels()
@@ -1020,59 +1023,107 @@ func (c ChannelsConfig) ToStandardChannels() config.ChannelsConfig {
 			Enabled:   c.WhatsApp.Enabled,
 			BridgeURL: c.WhatsApp.BridgeURL,
 		},
-		Telegram: config.TelegramConfig{
-			Enabled: c.Telegram.Enabled,
-			Token:   c.Telegram.Token,
-			Proxy:   c.Telegram.Proxy,
-		},
-		Feishu: config.FeishuConfig{
-			Enabled:           c.Feishu.Enabled,
-			AppID:             c.Feishu.AppID,
-			AppSecret:         c.Feishu.AppSecret,
-			EncryptKey:        c.Feishu.EncryptKey,
-			VerificationToken: c.Feishu.VerificationToken,
-		},
-		Discord: config.DiscordConfig{
-			Enabled:     c.Discord.Enabled,
-			Token:       c.Discord.Token,
-			MentionOnly: c.Discord.MentionOnly,
-		},
+		Telegram: func() config.TelegramConfig {
+			tc := config.TelegramConfig{
+				Enabled: c.Telegram.Enabled,
+				Proxy:   c.Telegram.Proxy,
+			}
+			if c.Telegram.Token != "" {
+				tc.SetToken(c.Telegram.Token)
+			}
+			return tc
+		}(),
+		Feishu: func() config.FeishuConfig {
+			fc := config.FeishuConfig{
+				Enabled: c.Feishu.Enabled,
+				AppID:   c.Feishu.AppID,
+			}
+			if c.Feishu.AppSecret != "" {
+				fc.SetAppSecret(c.Feishu.AppSecret)
+			}
+			if c.Feishu.EncryptKey != "" {
+				fc.SetEncryptKey(c.Feishu.EncryptKey)
+			}
+			if c.Feishu.VerificationToken != "" {
+				fc.SetVerificationToken(c.Feishu.VerificationToken)
+			}
+			return fc
+		}(),
+		Discord: func() config.DiscordConfig {
+			dc := config.DiscordConfig{
+				Enabled:     c.Discord.Enabled,
+				MentionOnly: c.Discord.MentionOnly,
+			}
+			if c.Discord.Token != "" {
+				dc.SetToken(c.Discord.Token)
+			}
+			return dc
+		}(),
 		MaixCam: config.MaixCamConfig{
 			Enabled: c.MaixCam.Enabled,
 			Host:    c.MaixCam.Host,
 			Port:    c.MaixCam.Port,
 		},
-		QQ: config.QQConfig{
-			Enabled:   c.QQ.Enabled,
-			AppID:     c.QQ.AppID,
-			AppSecret: c.QQ.AppSecret,
-		},
-		DingTalk: config.DingTalkConfig{
-			Enabled:      c.DingTalk.Enabled,
-			ClientID:     c.DingTalk.ClientID,
-			ClientSecret: c.DingTalk.ClientSecret,
-		},
-		Slack: config.SlackConfig{
-			Enabled:  c.Slack.Enabled,
-			BotToken: c.Slack.BotToken,
-			AppToken: c.Slack.AppToken,
-		},
-		Matrix: config.MatrixConfig{
-			Enabled:      c.Matrix.Enabled,
-			Homeserver:   c.Matrix.Homeserver,
-			UserID:       c.Matrix.UserID,
-			AccessToken:  c.Matrix.AccessToken,
-			AllowFrom:    c.Matrix.AllowFrom,
-			JoinOnInvite: true,
-		},
-		LINE: config.LINEConfig{
-			Enabled:            c.LINE.Enabled,
-			ChannelSecret:      c.LINE.ChannelSecret,
-			ChannelAccessToken: c.LINE.ChannelAccessToken,
-			WebhookHost:        c.LINE.WebhookHost,
-			WebhookPort:        c.LINE.WebhookPort,
-			WebhookPath:        c.LINE.WebhookPath,
-		},
+		QQ: func() config.QQConfig {
+			qc := config.QQConfig{
+				Enabled: c.QQ.Enabled,
+				AppID:   c.QQ.AppID,
+			}
+			if c.QQ.AppSecret != "" {
+				qc.SetAppSecret(c.QQ.AppSecret)
+			}
+			return qc
+		}(),
+		DingTalk: func() config.DingTalkConfig {
+			dt := config.DingTalkConfig{
+				Enabled:  c.DingTalk.Enabled,
+				ClientID: c.DingTalk.ClientID,
+			}
+			if c.DingTalk.ClientSecret != "" {
+				dt.SetClientSecret(c.DingTalk.ClientSecret)
+			}
+			return dt
+		}(),
+		Slack: func() config.SlackConfig {
+			sc := config.SlackConfig{
+				Enabled: c.Slack.Enabled,
+			}
+			if c.Slack.BotToken != "" {
+				sc.SetBotToken(c.Slack.BotToken)
+			}
+			if c.Slack.AppToken != "" {
+				sc.SetAppToken(c.Slack.AppToken)
+			}
+			return sc
+		}(),
+		Matrix: func() config.MatrixConfig {
+			mc := config.MatrixConfig{
+				Enabled:      c.Matrix.Enabled,
+				Homeserver:   c.Matrix.Homeserver,
+				UserID:       c.Matrix.UserID,
+				AllowFrom:    c.Matrix.AllowFrom,
+				JoinOnInvite: true,
+			}
+			if c.Matrix.AccessToken != "" {
+				mc.SetAccessToken(c.Matrix.AccessToken)
+			}
+			return mc
+		}(),
+		LINE: func() config.LINEConfig {
+			lc := config.LINEConfig{
+				Enabled:     c.LINE.Enabled,
+				WebhookHost: c.LINE.WebhookHost,
+				WebhookPort: c.LINE.WebhookPort,
+				WebhookPath: c.LINE.WebhookPath,
+			}
+			if c.LINE.ChannelSecret != "" {
+				lc.SetChannelSecret(c.LINE.ChannelSecret)
+			}
+			if c.LINE.ChannelAccessToken != "" {
+				lc.SetChannelAccessToken(c.LINE.ChannelAccessToken)
+			}
+			return lc
+		}(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1084,30 +1135,44 @@ func (c GatewayConfig) ToStandardGateway() config.GatewayConfig {
 }
 
 func (c ToolsConfig) ToStandardTools() config.ToolsConfig {
+	brave := config.BraveConfig{
+		Enabled:    c.Web.Brave.Enabled,
+		MaxResults: c.Web.Brave.MaxResults,
+	}
+	if c.Web.Brave.APIKey != "" {
+		brave.SetAPIKey(c.Web.Brave.APIKey)
+	}
+	if len(c.Web.Brave.APIKeys) > 0 {
+		brave.SetAPIKeys(c.Web.Brave.APIKeys)
+	}
+
+	tavily := config.TavilyConfig{
+		Enabled:    c.Web.Tavily.Enabled,
+		BaseURL:    c.Web.Tavily.BaseURL,
+		MaxResults: c.Web.Tavily.MaxResults,
+	}
+	if c.Web.Tavily.APIKey != "" {
+		tavily.SetAPIKey(c.Web.Tavily.APIKey)
+	}
+
+	perplexity := config.PerplexityConfig{
+		Enabled:    c.Web.Perplexity.Enabled,
+		MaxResults: c.Web.Perplexity.MaxResults,
+	}
+	if c.Web.Perplexity.APIKey != "" {
+		perplexity.SetAPIKey(c.Web.Perplexity.APIKey)
+	}
+
 	return config.ToolsConfig{
 		Web: config.WebToolsConfig{
-			Brave: config.BraveConfig{
-				Enabled:    c.Web.Brave.Enabled,
-				APIKey:     c.Web.Brave.APIKey,
-				APIKeys:    c.Web.Brave.APIKeys,
-				MaxResults: c.Web.Brave.MaxResults,
-			},
-			Tavily: config.TavilyConfig{
-				Enabled:    c.Web.Tavily.Enabled,
-				APIKey:     c.Web.Tavily.APIKey,
-				BaseURL:    c.Web.Tavily.BaseURL,
-				MaxResults: c.Web.Tavily.MaxResults,
-			},
+			Brave:  brave,
+			Tavily: tavily,
 			DuckDuckGo: config.DuckDuckGoConfig{
 				Enabled:    c.Web.DuckDuckGo.Enabled,
 				MaxResults: c.Web.DuckDuckGo.MaxResults,
 			},
-			Perplexity: config.PerplexityConfig{
-				Enabled:    c.Web.Perplexity.Enabled,
-				APIKey:     c.Web.Perplexity.APIKey,
-				MaxResults: c.Web.Perplexity.MaxResults,
-			},
-			Proxy: c.Web.Proxy,
+			Perplexity: perplexity,
+			Proxy:      c.Web.Proxy,
 		},
 		Cron: config.CronToolsConfig{
 			ExecTimeoutMinutes: c.Cron.ExecTimeoutMinutes,
diff --git a/pkg/migrate/sources/openclaw/openclaw_config_test.go b/pkg/migrate/sources/openclaw/openclaw_config_test.go
index 802693825..350b29776 100644
--- a/pkg/migrate/sources/openclaw/openclaw_config_test.go
+++ b/pkg/migrate/sources/openclaw/openclaw_config_test.go
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ func TestToStandardConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, m := range stdCfg.ModelList {
 		if m.ModelName == "claude-sonnet-4-20250514" {
 			foundModel = true
-			foundAPIKey = m.APIKey
+			foundAPIKey = m.APIKey()
 			break
 		}
 	}
@@ -711,8 +711,8 @@ func TestToStandardConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	if !stdCfg.Channels.Telegram.Enabled {
 		t.Error("telegram should be enabled")
 	}
-	if stdCfg.Channels.Telegram.Token != "test-token" {
-		t.Errorf("expected token 'test-token', got '%s'", stdCfg.Channels.Telegram.Token)
+	if stdCfg.Channels.Telegram.Token() != "test-token" {
+		t.Errorf("expected token 'test-token', got '%s'", stdCfg.Channels.Telegram.Token())
 	}
 
 	if stdCfg.Gateway.Port != 8080 {
diff --git a/pkg/providers/anthropic_messages/provider.go b/pkg/providers/anthropic_messages/provider.go
index 2b19e941a..6a1c473dd 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/anthropic_messages/provider.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/anthropic_messages/provider.go
@@ -188,17 +188,23 @@ func buildRequestBody(
 
 		case "user":
 			if msg.ToolCallID != "" {
-				// Tool result message
-				content := []map[string]any{
-					{
-						"type":        "tool_result",
-						"tool_use_id": msg.ToolCallID,
-						"content":     msg.Content,
-					},
+				// Tool result message — merge into previous user message if it contains tool_results
+				toolResultBlock := map[string]any{
+					"type":        "tool_result",
+					"tool_use_id": msg.ToolCallID,
+					"content":     msg.Content,
+				}
+				if len(apiMessages) > 0 {
+					if prev, ok := apiMessages[len(apiMessages)-1].(map[string]any); ok && prev["role"] == "user" {
+						if content, ok := prev["content"].([]map[string]any); ok {
+							prev["content"] = append(content, toolResultBlock)
+							continue
+						}
+					}
 				}
 				apiMessages = append(apiMessages, map[string]any{
 					"role":    "user",
-					"content": content,
+					"content": []map[string]any{toolResultBlock},
 				})
 			} else {
 				// Regular user message
@@ -246,17 +252,23 @@ func buildRequestBody(
 			})
 
 		case "tool":
-			// Tool result (alternative format)
-			content := []map[string]any{
-				{
-					"type":        "tool_result",
-					"tool_use_id": msg.ToolCallID,
-					"content":     msg.Content,
-				},
+			// Tool result (alternative format) — merge into previous user message if it contains tool_results
+			toolResultBlock := map[string]any{
+				"type":        "tool_result",
+				"tool_use_id": msg.ToolCallID,
+				"content":     msg.Content,
+			}
+			if len(apiMessages) > 0 {
+				if prev, ok := apiMessages[len(apiMessages)-1].(map[string]any); ok && prev["role"] == "user" {
+					if content, ok := prev["content"].([]map[string]any); ok {
+						prev["content"] = append(content, toolResultBlock)
+						continue
+					}
+				}
 			}
 			apiMessages = append(apiMessages, map[string]any{
 				"role":    "user",
-				"content": content,
+				"content": []map[string]any{toolResultBlock},
 			})
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/providers/anthropic_messages/provider_test.go b/pkg/providers/anthropic_messages/provider_test.go
index 8eabc15fa..39bc48117 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/anthropic_messages/provider_test.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/anthropic_messages/provider_test.go
@@ -562,6 +562,96 @@ func TestBuildRequestBodyEdgeCases(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestBuildRequestBody_ConsecutiveToolResultsMerged(t *testing.T) {
+	// Consecutive tool results (role "tool") should be merged into a single "user" message
+	messages := []Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "Use tools"},
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "", ToolCalls: []ToolCall{
+			{ID: "t1", Name: "tool_a", Arguments: map[string]any{"x": 1}},
+			{ID: "t2", Name: "tool_b", Arguments: map[string]any{"y": 2}},
+		}},
+		{Role: "tool", ToolCallID: "t1", Content: "result1"},
+		{Role: "tool", ToolCallID: "t2", Content: "result2"},
+	}
+
+	got, err := buildRequestBody(messages, nil, "test-model", map[string]any{"max_tokens": 8192})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("buildRequestBody() error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	apiMessages, ok := got["messages"].([]any)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("messages is not []any")
+	}
+
+	// Expect: user, assistant, user (merged tool results)
+	if len(apiMessages) != 3 {
+		for i, m := range apiMessages {
+			t.Logf("message[%d]: %+v", i, m)
+		}
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 API messages, got %d", len(apiMessages))
+	}
+
+	// The third message should be a user message with 2 tool_result blocks
+	toolResultMsg, ok := apiMessages[2].(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("tool result message is not map[string]any")
+	}
+	if toolResultMsg["role"] != "user" {
+		t.Errorf("expected role 'user', got %v", toolResultMsg["role"])
+	}
+	content, ok := toolResultMsg["content"].([]map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("content is not []map[string]any: %T", toolResultMsg["content"])
+	}
+	if len(content) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 tool_result blocks, got %d", len(content))
+	}
+	if content[0]["tool_use_id"] != "t1" {
+		t.Errorf("first tool_result tool_use_id = %v, want t1", content[0]["tool_use_id"])
+	}
+	if content[1]["tool_use_id"] != "t2" {
+		t.Errorf("second tool_result tool_use_id = %v, want t2", content[1]["tool_use_id"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildRequestBody_UserToolResultsMerged(t *testing.T) {
+	// Consecutive tool results using role "user" with ToolCallID should also be merged
+	messages := []Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "Use tools"},
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "", ToolCalls: []ToolCall{
+			{ID: "t1", Name: "tool_a", Arguments: map[string]any{"x": 1}},
+			{ID: "t2", Name: "tool_b", Arguments: map[string]any{"y": 2}},
+		}},
+		{Role: "user", ToolCallID: "t1", Content: "result1"},
+		{Role: "user", ToolCallID: "t2", Content: "result2"},
+	}
+
+	got, err := buildRequestBody(messages, nil, "test-model", map[string]any{"max_tokens": 8192})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("buildRequestBody() error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	apiMessages, ok := got["messages"].([]any)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("messages is not []any")
+	}
+
+	// Expect: user, assistant, user (merged tool results)
+	if len(apiMessages) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 API messages, got %d", len(apiMessages))
+	}
+
+	toolResultMsg := apiMessages[2].(map[string]any)
+	content, ok := toolResultMsg["content"].([]map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("content is not []map[string]any: %T", toolResultMsg["content"])
+	}
+	if len(content) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 tool_result blocks, got %d", len(content))
+	}
+}
+
 // TestParseResponseBodyEdgeCases tests edge cases for parseResponseBody.
 func TestParseResponseBodyEdgeCases(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
diff --git a/pkg/providers/bedrock/provider_bedrock.go b/pkg/providers/bedrock/provider_bedrock.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15c4f664e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/providers/bedrock/provider_bedrock.go
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+//go:build bedrock
+
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+// Package bedrock implements the LLM provider interface for AWS Bedrock.
+// It uses the Bedrock Runtime Converse API for unified access to multiple
+// model families (Claude, Llama, Mistral, etc.) with tool/function calling support.
+package bedrock
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"math"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/bedrockruntime"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/bedrockruntime/document"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/bedrockruntime/types"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers/common"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers/protocoltypes"
+)
+
+type (
+	ToolCall               = protocoltypes.ToolCall
+	FunctionCall           = protocoltypes.FunctionCall
+	LLMResponse            = protocoltypes.LLMResponse
+	UsageInfo              = protocoltypes.UsageInfo
+	Message                = protocoltypes.Message
+	ToolDefinition         = protocoltypes.ToolDefinition
+	ToolFunctionDefinition = protocoltypes.ToolFunctionDefinition
+)
+
+// Provider implements the LLM provider interface for AWS Bedrock.
+type Provider struct {
+	client         *bedrockruntime.Client
+	region         string
+	requestTimeout time.Duration
+}
+
+// Option configures the Bedrock Provider.
+type Option func(*providerConfig)
+
+type providerConfig struct {
+	region         string
+	profile        string
+	baseEndpoint   string
+	requestTimeout time.Duration
+}
+
+// WithRegion sets the AWS region for Bedrock requests.
+func WithRegion(region string) Option {
+	return func(c *providerConfig) {
+		c.region = region
+	}
+}
+
+// WithProfile sets the AWS profile to use for credentials.
+func WithProfile(profile string) Option {
+	return func(c *providerConfig) {
+		c.profile = profile
+	}
+}
+
+// WithBaseEndpoint sets a custom Bedrock endpoint URL.
+// Example: https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
+func WithBaseEndpoint(endpoint string) Option {
+	return func(c *providerConfig) {
+		c.baseEndpoint = endpoint
+	}
+}
+
+// WithRequestTimeout sets the timeout for Bedrock API requests.
+func WithRequestTimeout(timeout time.Duration) Option {
+	return func(c *providerConfig) {
+		c.requestTimeout = timeout
+	}
+}
+
+// NewProvider creates a new AWS Bedrock provider.
+// It uses the default AWS credential chain (env vars, shared config, IAM roles, etc.).
+func NewProvider(ctx context.Context, opts ...Option) (*Provider, error) {
+	pc := &providerConfig{}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(pc)
+	}
+
+	// Build AWS config options
+	var configOpts []func(*config.LoadOptions) error
+
+	if pc.region != "" {
+		configOpts = append(configOpts, config.WithRegion(pc.region))
+	}
+
+	if pc.profile != "" {
+		configOpts = append(configOpts, config.WithSharedConfigProfile(pc.profile))
+	}
+
+	// Load AWS config with automatic credential discovery
+	cfg, err := config.LoadDefaultConfig(ctx, configOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("loading AWS config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Validate region is set - required for Bedrock request signing
+	if cfg.Region == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"AWS region not configured: set AWS_REGION, AWS_DEFAULT_REGION, or use WithRegion option",
+		)
+	}
+
+	// Build client options
+	var clientOpts []func(*bedrockruntime.Options)
+	if pc.baseEndpoint != "" {
+		clientOpts = append(clientOpts, func(o *bedrockruntime.Options) {
+			o.BaseEndpoint = aws.String(pc.baseEndpoint)
+		})
+	}
+
+	client := bedrockruntime.NewFromConfig(cfg, clientOpts...)
+
+	return &Provider{
+		client:         client,
+		region:         cfg.Region,
+		requestTimeout: pc.requestTimeout,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Chat sends messages to AWS Bedrock using the Converse API.
+func (p *Provider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []Message,
+	tools []ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	options map[string]any,
+) (*LLMResponse, error) {
+	// Apply request timeout if context doesn't already have a deadline.
+	// Use explicit timeout if set, otherwise fall back to common default.
+	effectiveTimeout := p.requestTimeout
+	if effectiveTimeout <= 0 {
+		effectiveTimeout = common.DefaultRequestTimeout
+	}
+	if _, hasDeadline := ctx.Deadline(); !hasDeadline {
+		var cancel context.CancelFunc
+		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, effectiveTimeout)
+		defer cancel()
+	}
+
+	// Build the Converse API input
+	input := &bedrockruntime.ConverseInput{
+		ModelId: aws.String(model),
+	}
+
+	// Convert messages to Bedrock format
+	bedrockMessages, systemPrompts := convertMessages(messages)
+	input.Messages = bedrockMessages
+
+	// Set system prompts if any
+	if len(systemPrompts) > 0 {
+		input.System = systemPrompts
+	}
+
+	// Set inference configuration only when options are provided
+	var inferenceConfig *types.InferenceConfiguration
+
+	if maxTokens, ok := common.AsInt(options["max_tokens"]); ok && maxTokens > 0 {
+		if inferenceConfig == nil {
+			inferenceConfig = &types.InferenceConfiguration{}
+		}
+		// Clamp to int32 range to avoid overflow
+		if maxTokens > math.MaxInt32 {
+			maxTokens = math.MaxInt32
+		}
+		inferenceConfig.MaxTokens = aws.Int32(int32(maxTokens))
+	}
+
+	if temp, ok := common.AsFloat(options["temperature"]); ok {
+		if inferenceConfig == nil {
+			inferenceConfig = &types.InferenceConfiguration{}
+		}
+		inferenceConfig.Temperature = aws.Float32(float32(temp))
+	}
+
+	if inferenceConfig != nil {
+		input.InferenceConfig = inferenceConfig
+	}
+
+	// Convert tools to Bedrock format
+	// Only set ToolConfig if at least one valid tool was produced
+	if len(tools) > 0 {
+		toolConfig := convertTools(tools)
+		if len(toolConfig.Tools) > 0 {
+			input.ToolConfig = toolConfig
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Call Bedrock Converse API
+	output, err := p.client.Converse(ctx, input)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bedrock converse: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Parse the response
+	return parseResponse(output)
+}
+
+// GetDefaultModel returns an empty string as Bedrock models are user-configured.
+func (p *Provider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return ""
+}
+
+// Region returns the AWS region configured for this Provider.
+func (p *Provider) Region() string {
+	return p.region
+}
+
+// convertMessages converts internal messages to Bedrock Converse format.
+// Returns the conversation messages and any system prompts separately.
+// Note: Bedrock requires all tool results for a given assistant turn to be in a single
+// user message with multiple ToolResultBlock content blocks. This function merges
+// consecutive tool result messages accordingly.
+func convertMessages(messages []Message) ([]types.Message, []types.SystemContentBlock) {
+	var bedrockMessages []types.Message
+	var systemPrompts []types.SystemContentBlock
+
+	// Helper to check if a message is a tool result
+	isToolResult := func(msg Message) bool {
+		return (msg.Role == "tool" || (msg.Role == "user" && msg.ToolCallID != "")) && msg.ToolCallID != ""
+	}
+
+	// Helper to create a tool result content block
+	makeToolResultBlock := func(msg Message) types.ContentBlock {
+		return &types.ContentBlockMemberToolResult{
+			Value: types.ToolResultBlock{
+				ToolUseId: aws.String(msg.ToolCallID),
+				Content: []types.ToolResultContentBlock{
+					&types.ToolResultContentBlockMemberText{
+						Value: msg.Content,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	i := 0
+	for i < len(messages) {
+		msg := messages[i]
+
+		switch {
+		case msg.Role == "system":
+			// System messages go to the System field
+			systemPrompts = append(systemPrompts, &types.SystemContentBlockMemberText{
+				Value: msg.Content,
+			})
+			i++
+
+		case isToolResult(msg):
+			// Collect all consecutive tool results into a single user message
+			// Bedrock requires all tool results for a turn in one message
+			var toolResultBlocks []types.ContentBlock
+			for i < len(messages) && isToolResult(messages[i]) {
+				toolResultBlocks = append(toolResultBlocks, makeToolResultBlock(messages[i]))
+				i++
+			}
+			bedrockMessages = append(bedrockMessages, types.Message{
+				Role:    types.ConversationRoleUser,
+				Content: toolResultBlocks,
+			})
+
+		case msg.Role == "user":
+			// Regular user message (no ToolCallID)
+			content := buildUserContent(msg)
+			bedrockMessages = append(bedrockMessages, types.Message{
+				Role:    types.ConversationRoleUser,
+				Content: content,
+			})
+			i++
+
+		case msg.Role == "assistant":
+			content := buildAssistantContent(msg)
+			bedrockMessages = append(bedrockMessages, types.Message{
+				Role:    types.ConversationRoleAssistant,
+				Content: content,
+			})
+			i++
+
+		case msg.Role == "tool" && msg.ToolCallID == "":
+			// Tool message without ToolCallID - treat as regular user message
+			content := buildUserContent(msg)
+			bedrockMessages = append(bedrockMessages, types.Message{
+				Role:    types.ConversationRoleUser,
+				Content: content,
+			})
+			i++
+
+		default:
+			// Unknown role - skip
+			i++
+		}
+	}
+
+	return bedrockMessages, systemPrompts
+}
+
+// buildUserContent builds Bedrock content blocks for a user message.
+func buildUserContent(msg Message) []types.ContentBlock {
+	var content []types.ContentBlock
+
+	// Add text content
+	if msg.Content != "" {
+		content = append(content, &types.ContentBlockMemberText{
+			Value: msg.Content,
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Add images from Media field
+	for _, mediaURL := range msg.Media {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(mediaURL, "data:image/") {
+			// Parse data URL: data:image/jpeg;base64,<data>
+			parts := strings.SplitN(mediaURL, ",", 2)
+			if len(parts) != 2 {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Extract media type from "data:image/jpeg;base64"
+			mediaType := ""
+			header := parts[0]
+			if idx := strings.Index(header, "/"); idx != -1 {
+				end := strings.Index(header[idx:], ";")
+				if end == -1 {
+					end = len(header) - idx
+				}
+				mediaType = header[idx+1 : idx+end]
+			}
+
+			// Verify this is base64 encoded
+			if !strings.Contains(header, ";base64") {
+				continue // Skip non-base64 encoded data
+			}
+
+			// Map media type to Bedrock format
+			var format types.ImageFormat
+			switch mediaType {
+			case "jpeg", "jpg":
+				format = types.ImageFormatJpeg
+			case "png":
+				format = types.ImageFormatPng
+			case "gif":
+				format = types.ImageFormatGif
+			case "webp":
+				format = types.ImageFormatWebp
+			default:
+				continue // Skip unsupported formats
+			}
+
+			// Check size before decoding to prevent excessive memory allocation
+			// Bedrock has a ~20MB request limit; cap decoded images at 10MB
+			const maxImageSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024
+			decodedLen := base64.StdEncoding.DecodedLen(len(parts[1]))
+			if decodedLen > maxImageSize {
+				log.Printf("bedrock: skipping image exceeding size limit (%d bytes > %d)", decodedLen, maxImageSize)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Decode base64 data
+			imageData, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(parts[1])
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Printf("bedrock: failed to decode base64 image data: %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			content = append(content, &types.ContentBlockMemberImage{
+				Value: types.ImageBlock{
+					Format: format,
+					Source: &types.ImageSourceMemberBytes{
+						Value: imageData,
+					},
+				},
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Bedrock requires at least one content block; add empty text if needed
+	if len(content) == 0 {
+		content = append(content, &types.ContentBlockMemberText{Value: ""})
+	}
+
+	return content
+}
+
+// buildAssistantContent builds Bedrock content blocks for an assistant message.
+func buildAssistantContent(msg Message) []types.ContentBlock {
+	var content []types.ContentBlock
+
+	// Add text content if present
+	if msg.Content != "" {
+		content = append(content, &types.ContentBlockMemberText{
+			Value: msg.Content,
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Add tool use blocks
+	for _, tc := range msg.ToolCalls {
+		// Validate tool call ID - Bedrock requires non-empty ToolUseId
+		if strings.TrimSpace(tc.ID) == "" {
+			log.Printf("bedrock: skipping tool call with empty ID (name: %q)", tc.Name)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Resolve tool name: prefer tc.Name, fallback to tc.Function.Name
+		// (tc.Name/tc.Arguments are json:"-" and may be empty when from JSON)
+		toolName := tc.Name
+		if toolName == "" && tc.Function != nil {
+			toolName = tc.Function.Name
+		}
+		if strings.TrimSpace(toolName) == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Resolve arguments: prefer tc.Arguments, fallback to parsing tc.Function.Arguments
+		args := tc.Arguments
+		if args == nil && tc.Function != nil && tc.Function.Arguments != "" {
+			if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(tc.Function.Arguments), &args); err != nil {
+				log.Printf("bedrock: failed to parse Function.Arguments for tool %q: %v", toolName, err)
+				args = map[string]any{}
+			}
+		}
+		if args == nil {
+			args = map[string]any{}
+		}
+
+		// Convert arguments to a Bedrock document using NewLazyDocument
+		inputDoc := document.NewLazyDocument(args)
+
+		content = append(content, &types.ContentBlockMemberToolUse{
+			Value: types.ToolUseBlock{
+				ToolUseId: aws.String(tc.ID),
+				Name:      aws.String(toolName),
+				Input:     inputDoc,
+			},
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Bedrock requires at least one content block; add empty text if needed
+	if len(content) == 0 {
+		content = append(content, &types.ContentBlockMemberText{Value: ""})
+	}
+
+	return content
+}
+
+// convertTools converts tool definitions to Bedrock format.
+func convertTools(tools []ToolDefinition) *types.ToolConfiguration {
+	bedrockTools := make([]types.Tool, 0, len(tools))
+
+	for _, tool := range tools {
+		// Skip tools with empty names
+		if strings.TrimSpace(tool.Function.Name) == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Ensure parameters is not nil - default to minimal object schema
+		params := tool.Function.Parameters
+		if params == nil {
+			params = map[string]any{
+				"type":       "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{},
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Convert parameters schema to a Bedrock document
+		inputSchema := document.NewLazyDocument(params)
+
+		bedrockTools = append(bedrockTools, &types.ToolMemberToolSpec{
+			Value: types.ToolSpecification{
+				Name:        aws.String(tool.Function.Name),
+				Description: aws.String(tool.Function.Description),
+				InputSchema: &types.ToolInputSchemaMemberJson{
+					Value: inputSchema,
+				},
+			},
+		})
+	}
+
+	return &types.ToolConfiguration{
+		Tools: bedrockTools,
+	}
+}
+
+// parseResponse converts Bedrock Converse output to LLMResponse.
+func parseResponse(output *bedrockruntime.ConverseOutput) (*LLMResponse, error) {
+	var content strings.Builder
+	toolCalls := make([]ToolCall, 0)
+
+	// Process output content blocks
+	if output.Output != nil {
+		if msgOutput, ok := output.Output.(*types.ConverseOutputMemberMessage); ok {
+			for _, block := range msgOutput.Value.Content {
+				switch b := block.(type) {
+				case *types.ContentBlockMemberText:
+					content.WriteString(b.Value)
+
+				case *types.ContentBlockMemberToolUse:
+					// Unmarshal the document interface to a map
+					args := make(map[string]any)
+					if b.Value.Input != nil {
+						if err := b.Value.Input.UnmarshalSmithyDocument(&args); err != nil {
+							log.Printf("bedrock: failed to unmarshal tool input for tool %q (id %q): %v",
+								aws.ToString(b.Value.Name),
+								aws.ToString(b.Value.ToolUseId),
+								err,
+							)
+							args = make(map[string]any)
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Serialize arguments to JSON string for FunctionCall
+					argsJSON, err := json.Marshal(args)
+					if err != nil {
+						log.Printf("bedrock: failed to marshal tool arguments for tool %q (id %q): %v",
+							aws.ToString(b.Value.Name),
+							aws.ToString(b.Value.ToolUseId),
+							err,
+						)
+						argsJSON = []byte("{}")
+					}
+
+					toolCalls = append(toolCalls, ToolCall{
+						ID:        aws.ToString(b.Value.ToolUseId),
+						Name:      aws.ToString(b.Value.Name),
+						Arguments: args,
+						Function: &FunctionCall{
+							Name:      aws.ToString(b.Value.Name),
+							Arguments: string(argsJSON),
+						},
+					})
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Map stop reason
+	finishReason := "stop"
+	switch output.StopReason {
+	case types.StopReasonToolUse:
+		finishReason = "tool_calls"
+	case types.StopReasonMaxTokens:
+		finishReason = "length"
+	case types.StopReasonEndTurn:
+		finishReason = "stop"
+	case types.StopReasonStopSequence:
+		finishReason = "stop"
+	case types.StopReasonContentFiltered:
+		finishReason = "content_filter"
+	}
+
+	// Build usage info
+	var usage *UsageInfo
+	if output.Usage != nil {
+		usage = &UsageInfo{
+			PromptTokens:     int(aws.ToInt32(output.Usage.InputTokens)),
+			CompletionTokens: int(aws.ToInt32(output.Usage.OutputTokens)),
+			TotalTokens:      int(aws.ToInt32(output.Usage.InputTokens)) + int(aws.ToInt32(output.Usage.OutputTokens)),
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &LLMResponse{
+		Content:      content.String(),
+		ToolCalls:    toolCalls,
+		FinishReason: finishReason,
+		Usage:        usage,
+	}, nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/providers/bedrock/provider_bedrock_test.go b/pkg/providers/bedrock/provider_bedrock_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..754d112ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/providers/bedrock/provider_bedrock_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+//go:build bedrock
+
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+package bedrock
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/bedrockruntime"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/bedrockruntime/document"
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/bedrockruntime/types"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers/protocoltypes"
+)
+
+func TestConvertMessages_SystemPrompts(t *testing.T) {
+	messages := []Message{
+		{Role: "system", Content: "You are a helpful assistant."},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+	}
+
+	bedrockMsgs, systemPrompts := convertMessages(messages)
+
+	assert.Len(t, systemPrompts, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, bedrockMsgs, 1)
+
+	// Check system prompt
+	textBlock, ok := systemPrompts[0].(*types.SystemContentBlockMemberText)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "You are a helpful assistant.", textBlock.Value)
+
+	// Check user message
+	assert.Equal(t, types.ConversationRoleUser, bedrockMsgs[0].Role)
+}
+
+func TestConvertMessages_UserMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	messages := []Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "What is 2+2?"},
+	}
+
+	bedrockMsgs, systemPrompts := convertMessages(messages)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, systemPrompts)
+	assert.Len(t, bedrockMsgs, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, types.ConversationRoleUser, bedrockMsgs[0].Role)
+
+	textBlock, ok := bedrockMsgs[0].Content[0].(*types.ContentBlockMemberText)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "What is 2+2?", textBlock.Value)
+}
+
+func TestConvertMessages_AssistantMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	messages := []Message{
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "The answer is 4."},
+	}
+
+	bedrockMsgs, _ := convertMessages(messages)
+
+	assert.Len(t, bedrockMsgs, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, types.ConversationRoleAssistant, bedrockMsgs[0].Role)
+
+	textBlock, ok := bedrockMsgs[0].Content[0].(*types.ContentBlockMemberText)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "The answer is 4.", textBlock.Value)
+}
+
+func TestConvertMessages_ToolResult(t *testing.T) {
+	messages := []Message{
+		{Role: "tool", Content: "Result from tool", ToolCallID: "call_123"},
+	}
+
+	bedrockMsgs, _ := convertMessages(messages)
+
+	assert.Len(t, bedrockMsgs, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, types.ConversationRoleUser, bedrockMsgs[0].Role)
+
+	toolResult, ok := bedrockMsgs[0].Content[0].(*types.ContentBlockMemberToolResult)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "call_123", aws.ToString(toolResult.Value.ToolUseId))
+}
+
+func TestConvertMessages_MultipleToolResultsMerged(t *testing.T) {
+	// When an assistant makes multiple tool calls, all tool results must be
+	// merged into a single user message for Bedrock
+	messages := []Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "What's the weather in NYC and LA?"},
+		{
+			Role:    "assistant",
+			Content: "Let me check both cities.",
+			ToolCalls: []protocoltypes.ToolCall{
+				{ID: "call_nyc", Name: "get_weather", Arguments: map[string]any{"city": "NYC"}},
+				{ID: "call_la", Name: "get_weather", Arguments: map[string]any{"city": "LA"}},
+			},
+		},
+		{Role: "tool", Content: "NYC: 72°F, sunny", ToolCallID: "call_nyc"},
+		{Role: "tool", Content: "LA: 85°F, clear", ToolCallID: "call_la"},
+	}
+
+	bedrockMsgs, _ := convertMessages(messages)
+
+	// Should be: user message, assistant message, merged tool results (single user message)
+	assert.Len(t, bedrockMsgs, 3)
+
+	// First message: user
+	assert.Equal(t, types.ConversationRoleUser, bedrockMsgs[0].Role)
+
+	// Second message: assistant with tool calls
+	assert.Equal(t, types.ConversationRoleAssistant, bedrockMsgs[1].Role)
+
+	// Third message: merged tool results in single user message
+	assert.Equal(t, types.ConversationRoleUser, bedrockMsgs[2].Role)
+	assert.Len(t, bedrockMsgs[2].Content, 2) // Both tool results in one message
+
+	// Verify both tool results are present
+	result1, ok := bedrockMsgs[2].Content[0].(*types.ContentBlockMemberToolResult)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "call_nyc", aws.ToString(result1.Value.ToolUseId))
+
+	result2, ok := bedrockMsgs[2].Content[1].(*types.ContentBlockMemberToolResult)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "call_la", aws.ToString(result2.Value.ToolUseId))
+}
+
+func TestConvertMessages_AssistantWithToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	messages := []Message{
+		{
+			Role:    "assistant",
+			Content: "Let me calculate that.",
+			ToolCalls: []protocoltypes.ToolCall{
+				{
+					ID:        "call_456",
+					Name:      "calculator",
+					Arguments: map[string]any{"expression": "2+2"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	bedrockMsgs, _ := convertMessages(messages)
+
+	assert.Len(t, bedrockMsgs, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, bedrockMsgs[0].Content, 2) // text + tool use
+
+	// Check text content
+	textBlock, ok := bedrockMsgs[0].Content[0].(*types.ContentBlockMemberText)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Let me calculate that.", textBlock.Value)
+
+	// Check tool use
+	toolUse, ok := bedrockMsgs[0].Content[1].(*types.ContentBlockMemberToolUse)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "call_456", aws.ToString(toolUse.Value.ToolUseId))
+	assert.Equal(t, "calculator", aws.ToString(toolUse.Value.Name))
+}
+
+func TestConvertTools_Basic(t *testing.T) {
+	tools := []ToolDefinition{
+		{
+			Function: protocoltypes.ToolFunctionDefinition{
+				Name:        "get_weather",
+				Description: "Get the current weather",
+				Parameters: map[string]any{
+					"type": "object",
+					"properties": map[string]any{
+						"location": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	toolConfig := convertTools(tools)
+
+	assert.NotNil(t, toolConfig)
+	assert.Len(t, toolConfig.Tools, 1)
+
+	toolSpec, ok := toolConfig.Tools[0].(*types.ToolMemberToolSpec)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "get_weather", aws.ToString(toolSpec.Value.Name))
+	assert.Equal(t, "Get the current weather", aws.ToString(toolSpec.Value.Description))
+}
+
+func TestConvertTools_SkipsEmptyName(t *testing.T) {
+	tools := []ToolDefinition{
+		{
+			Function: protocoltypes.ToolFunctionDefinition{
+				Name:        "",
+				Description: "Empty name tool",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Function: protocoltypes.ToolFunctionDefinition{
+				Name:        "   ",
+				Description: "Whitespace name tool",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			Function: protocoltypes.ToolFunctionDefinition{
+				Name:        "valid_tool",
+				Description: "Valid tool",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	toolConfig := convertTools(tools)
+
+	assert.Len(t, toolConfig.Tools, 1)
+	toolSpec := toolConfig.Tools[0].(*types.ToolMemberToolSpec)
+	assert.Equal(t, "valid_tool", aws.ToString(toolSpec.Value.Name))
+}
+
+func TestConvertTools_NilParameters(t *testing.T) {
+	tools := []ToolDefinition{
+		{
+			Function: protocoltypes.ToolFunctionDefinition{
+				Name:        "simple_tool",
+				Description: "A tool with no parameters",
+				Parameters:  nil,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	toolConfig := convertTools(tools)
+
+	assert.Len(t, toolConfig.Tools, 1)
+	// Should not panic and should create a valid tool
+}
+
+func TestBuildUserContent_TextOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := Message{Content: "Hello world"}
+
+	content := buildUserContent(msg)
+
+	assert.Len(t, content, 1)
+	textBlock, ok := content[0].(*types.ContentBlockMemberText)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Hello world", textBlock.Value)
+}
+
+func TestBuildUserContent_WithImage(t *testing.T) {
+	// Base64-encoded 1x1 PNG (the provider doesn't validate image correctness,
+	// it just verifies the format and base64 decoding works)
+	b64Data := "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAIAAACQd1PeAAAADUlEQVR4nGNgYAAAAAMAASsJTYQAAAAASUVORK5CYII="
+
+	msg := Message{
+		Content: "Look at this image",
+		Media:   []string{"data:image/png;base64," + b64Data},
+	}
+
+	content := buildUserContent(msg)
+
+	assert.Len(t, content, 2)
+
+	// Check text
+	textBlock, ok := content[0].(*types.ContentBlockMemberText)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Look at this image", textBlock.Value)
+
+	// Check image
+	imageBlock, ok := content[1].(*types.ContentBlockMemberImage)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, types.ImageFormatPng, imageBlock.Value.Format)
+}
+
+func TestBuildUserContent_SkipsInvalidBase64(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := Message{
+		Content: "Invalid image",
+		Media:   []string{"data:image/png;base64,not-valid-base64!!!"},
+	}
+
+	content := buildUserContent(msg)
+
+	// Should only have text, image should be skipped
+	assert.Len(t, content, 1)
+}
+
+func TestBuildUserContent_SkipsNonBase64Data(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := Message{
+		Content: "Non-base64 image",
+		Media:   []string{"data:image/png,raw-data-here"},
+	}
+
+	content := buildUserContent(msg)
+
+	// Should only have text, non-base64 image should be skipped
+	assert.Len(t, content, 1)
+}
+
+func TestBuildAssistantContent_SkipsEmptyToolName(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := Message{
+		Content: "Response",
+		ToolCalls: []protocoltypes.ToolCall{
+			{ID: "1", Name: "", Arguments: map[string]any{}},
+			{ID: "2", Name: "   ", Arguments: map[string]any{}},
+			{ID: "3", Name: "valid", Arguments: map[string]any{}},
+		},
+	}
+
+	content := buildAssistantContent(msg)
+
+	// Should have text + 1 valid tool
+	assert.Len(t, content, 2)
+}
+
+func TestBuildAssistantContent_NilArguments(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := Message{
+		ToolCalls: []protocoltypes.ToolCall{
+			{ID: "1", Name: "tool", Arguments: nil},
+		},
+	}
+
+	content := buildAssistantContent(msg)
+
+	assert.Len(t, content, 1)
+	toolUse, ok := content[0].(*types.ContentBlockMemberToolUse)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.NotNil(t, toolUse.Value.Input)
+}
+
+func TestBuildAssistantContent_FunctionFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	// When Name/Arguments are empty (json:"-"), should fallback to Function fields
+	msg := Message{
+		ToolCalls: []protocoltypes.ToolCall{
+			{
+				ID:   "1",
+				Name: "", // empty, should fallback to Function.Name
+				Function: &protocoltypes.FunctionCall{
+					Name:      "fallback_tool",
+					Arguments: `{"key":"value"}`,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	content := buildAssistantContent(msg)
+
+	assert.Len(t, content, 1)
+	toolUse, ok := content[0].(*types.ContentBlockMemberToolUse)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "fallback_tool", aws.ToString(toolUse.Value.Name))
+}
+
+func TestParseResponse_TextOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	output := &bedrockruntime.ConverseOutput{
+		Output: &types.ConverseOutputMemberMessage{
+			Value: types.Message{
+				Role: types.ConversationRoleAssistant,
+				Content: []types.ContentBlock{
+					&types.ContentBlockMemberText{Value: "Hello!"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		StopReason: types.StopReasonEndTurn,
+		Usage: &types.TokenUsage{
+			InputTokens:  aws.Int32(10),
+			OutputTokens: aws.Int32(5),
+		},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := parseResponse(output)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Hello!", resp.Content)
+	assert.Equal(t, "stop", resp.FinishReason)
+	assert.Empty(t, resp.ToolCalls)
+	assert.Equal(t, 10, resp.Usage.PromptTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, resp.Usage.CompletionTokens)
+}
+
+func TestParseResponse_StopReasons(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		stopReason     types.StopReason
+		expectedFinish string
+	}{
+		{types.StopReasonEndTurn, "stop"},
+		{types.StopReasonToolUse, "tool_calls"},
+		{types.StopReasonMaxTokens, "length"},
+		{types.StopReasonStopSequence, "stop"},
+		{types.StopReasonContentFiltered, "content_filter"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(string(tt.stopReason), func(t *testing.T) {
+			output := &bedrockruntime.ConverseOutput{
+				Output: &types.ConverseOutputMemberMessage{
+					Value: types.Message{
+						Content: []types.ContentBlock{
+							&types.ContentBlockMemberText{Value: "test"},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				StopReason: tt.stopReason,
+			}
+
+			resp, err := parseResponse(output)
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedFinish, resp.FinishReason)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseResponse_WithToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	// Note: document.NewLazyDocument has limitations with UnmarshalSmithyDocument in tests,
+	// so we test the structure extraction and verify Arguments gets populated (even if empty
+	// due to SDK limitations). The actual unmarshal works correctly at runtime.
+	toolInput := document.NewLazyDocument(map[string]any{
+		"location": "San Francisco",
+		"unit":     "celsius",
+	})
+
+	output := &bedrockruntime.ConverseOutput{
+		Output: &types.ConverseOutputMemberMessage{
+			Value: types.Message{
+				Role: types.ConversationRoleAssistant,
+				Content: []types.ContentBlock{
+					&types.ContentBlockMemberText{Value: "Let me check the weather."},
+					&types.ContentBlockMemberToolUse{
+						Value: types.ToolUseBlock{
+							ToolUseId: aws.String("call_weather_123"),
+							Name:      aws.String("get_weather"),
+							Input:     toolInput,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		StopReason: types.StopReasonToolUse,
+		Usage: &types.TokenUsage{
+			InputTokens:  aws.Int32(20),
+			OutputTokens: aws.Int32(15),
+		},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := parseResponse(output)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Let me check the weather.", resp.Content)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tool_calls", resp.FinishReason)
+	assert.Len(t, resp.ToolCalls, 1)
+
+	// Verify tool call ID and Name are extracted correctly
+	tc := resp.ToolCalls[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "call_weather_123", tc.ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "get_weather", tc.Name)
+
+	// Verify Function fields are also populated
+	require.NotNil(t, tc.Function)
+	assert.Equal(t, "get_weather", tc.Function.Name)
+
+	// Verify Arguments is not nil (content may vary due to SDK limitations in tests)
+	assert.NotNil(t, tc.Arguments)
+
+	// Verify usage
+	assert.Equal(t, 20, resp.Usage.PromptTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, 15, resp.Usage.CompletionTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, 35, resp.Usage.TotalTokens)
+}
+
+func TestParseResponse_MultipleToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	output := &bedrockruntime.ConverseOutput{
+		Output: &types.ConverseOutputMemberMessage{
+			Value: types.Message{
+				Role: types.ConversationRoleAssistant,
+				Content: []types.ContentBlock{
+					&types.ContentBlockMemberToolUse{
+						Value: types.ToolUseBlock{
+							ToolUseId: aws.String("call_1"),
+							Name:      aws.String("tool_a"),
+							Input:     document.NewLazyDocument(map[string]any{"arg": "value1"}),
+						},
+					},
+					&types.ContentBlockMemberToolUse{
+						Value: types.ToolUseBlock{
+							ToolUseId: aws.String("call_2"),
+							Name:      aws.String("tool_b"),
+							Input:     document.NewLazyDocument(map[string]any{"arg": "value2"}),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		StopReason: types.StopReasonToolUse,
+	}
+
+	resp, err := parseResponse(output)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tool_calls", resp.FinishReason)
+	assert.Len(t, resp.ToolCalls, 2)
+
+	// Verify tool call structure
+	assert.Equal(t, "call_1", resp.ToolCalls[0].ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tool_a", resp.ToolCalls[0].Name)
+	assert.NotNil(t, resp.ToolCalls[0].Arguments)
+	assert.NotNil(t, resp.ToolCalls[0].Function)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tool_a", resp.ToolCalls[0].Function.Name)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "call_2", resp.ToolCalls[1].ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tool_b", resp.ToolCalls[1].Name)
+	assert.NotNil(t, resp.ToolCalls[1].Arguments)
+	assert.NotNil(t, resp.ToolCalls[1].Function)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tool_b", resp.ToolCalls[1].Function.Name)
+}
+
+func TestParseResponse_ToolCallWithNilInput(t *testing.T) {
+	output := &bedrockruntime.ConverseOutput{
+		Output: &types.ConverseOutputMemberMessage{
+			Value: types.Message{
+				Role: types.ConversationRoleAssistant,
+				Content: []types.ContentBlock{
+					&types.ContentBlockMemberToolUse{
+						Value: types.ToolUseBlock{
+							ToolUseId: aws.String("call_nil"),
+							Name:      aws.String("no_args_tool"),
+							Input:     nil,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		StopReason: types.StopReasonToolUse,
+	}
+
+	resp, err := parseResponse(output)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, resp.ToolCalls, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "call_nil", resp.ToolCalls[0].ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "no_args_tool", resp.ToolCalls[0].Name)
+	// Arguments should be empty map, not nil
+	assert.NotNil(t, resp.ToolCalls[0].Arguments)
+	assert.Empty(t, resp.ToolCalls[0].Arguments)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/providers/bedrock/provider_stub.go b/pkg/providers/bedrock/provider_stub.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..894d9f2ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/providers/bedrock/provider_stub.go
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+//go:build !bedrock
+
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+// Package bedrock provides a stub implementation when built without the bedrock tag.
+// To enable AWS Bedrock support, build with: go build -tags bedrock
+package bedrock
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers/protocoltypes"
+)
+
+type (
+	LLMResponse    = protocoltypes.LLMResponse
+	Message        = protocoltypes.Message
+	ToolDefinition = protocoltypes.ToolDefinition
+)
+
+// Provider is a stub that returns an error when Bedrock support is not compiled in.
+type Provider struct{}
+
+// Option is a no-op when Bedrock is not enabled.
+type Option func(*providerConfig)
+
+type providerConfig struct{}
+
+// WithRegion is a no-op when Bedrock is not enabled.
+func WithRegion(region string) Option {
+	return func(c *providerConfig) {}
+}
+
+// WithProfile is a no-op when Bedrock is not enabled.
+func WithProfile(profile string) Option {
+	return func(c *providerConfig) {}
+}
+
+// WithBaseEndpoint is a no-op when Bedrock is not enabled.
+func WithBaseEndpoint(endpoint string) Option {
+	return func(c *providerConfig) {}
+}
+
+// WithRequestTimeout is a no-op when Bedrock is not enabled.
+func WithRequestTimeout(timeout time.Duration) Option {
+	return func(c *providerConfig) {}
+}
+
+// NewProvider returns an error indicating Bedrock support is not compiled in.
+func NewProvider(ctx context.Context, opts ...Option) (*Provider, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("bedrock provider not available: build with -tags bedrock to enable AWS Bedrock support")
+}
+
+// Chat returns an error - this should never be called since NewProvider fails.
+func (p *Provider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []Message,
+	tools []ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	options map[string]any,
+) (*LLMResponse, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("bedrock provider not available: build with -tags bedrock to enable AWS Bedrock support")
+}
+
+// GetDefaultModel returns an empty string.
+func (p *Provider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return ""
+}
diff --git a/pkg/providers/bedrock/provider_stub_test.go b/pkg/providers/bedrock/provider_stub_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50ec8340f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/providers/bedrock/provider_stub_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//go:build !bedrock
+
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+package bedrock
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestNewProvider_ReturnsStubError(t *testing.T) {
+	provider, err := NewProvider(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Nil(t, provider)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(err.Error(), "build with -tags bedrock"),
+		"error should mention build tag requirement, got: %s", err.Error())
+}
+
+func TestNewProvider_WithOptions_ReturnsStubError(t *testing.T) {
+	provider, err := NewProvider(context.Background(), WithRegion("us-west-2"), WithProfile("test"))
+
+	assert.Nil(t, provider)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, strings.Contains(err.Error(), "build with -tags bedrock"),
+		"error should mention build tag requirement, got: %s", err.Error())
+}
diff --git a/pkg/providers/claude_cli_provider_test.go b/pkg/providers/claude_cli_provider_test.go
index d4d648f5a..bc9960f0c 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/claude_cli_provider_test.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/claude_cli_provider_test.go
@@ -413,10 +413,10 @@ func TestChat_EmptyWorkspaceDoesNotSetDir(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCreateProvider_ClaudeCli(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{
 		{ModelName: "claude-sonnet-4.6", Model: "claude-cli/claude-sonnet-4.6", Workspace: "/test/ws"},
 	}
-	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "claude-sonnet-4.6"
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "claude-sonnet-4.6"
 
 	provider, _, err := CreateProvider(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -434,10 +434,10 @@ func TestCreateProvider_ClaudeCli(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCreateProvider_ClaudeCode(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{
 		{ModelName: "claude-code", Model: "claude-cli/claude-code"},
 	}
-	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "claude-code"
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "claude-code"
 
 	provider, _, err := CreateProvider(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -450,10 +450,10 @@ func TestCreateProvider_ClaudeCode(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCreateProvider_ClaudeCodec(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{
 		{ModelName: "claudecode", Model: "claude-cli/claudecode"},
 	}
-	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "claudecode"
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "claudecode"
 
 	provider, _, err := CreateProvider(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -466,10 +466,10 @@ func TestCreateProvider_ClaudeCodec(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCreateProvider_ClaudeCliDefaultWorkspace(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{
 		{ModelName: "claude-cli", Model: "claude-cli/claude-sonnet"},
 	}
-	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "claude-cli"
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "claude-cli"
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace = ""
 
 	provider, _, err := CreateProvider(cfg)
diff --git a/pkg/providers/common/common.go b/pkg/providers/common/common.go
index 23680a1bf..90142fb8b 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/common/common.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/common/common.go
@@ -111,6 +111,17 @@ func SerializeMessages(messages []Message) []any {
 						"url": mediaURL,
 					},
 				})
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if format, data, ok := parseDataAudioURL(mediaURL); ok {
+				parts = append(parts, map[string]any{
+					"type": "input_audio",
+					"input_audio": map[string]any{
+						"data":   data,
+						"format": format,
+					},
+				})
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -132,6 +143,26 @@ func SerializeMessages(messages []Message) []any {
 	return out
 }
 
+func parseDataAudioURL(mediaURL string) (format, data string, ok bool) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(mediaURL, "data:audio/") {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+
+	payload := strings.TrimPrefix(mediaURL, "data:audio/")
+	meta, data, found := strings.Cut(payload, ",")
+	if !found {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+
+	format, _, _ = strings.Cut(meta, ";")
+	format = strings.TrimSpace(format)
+	data = strings.TrimSpace(data)
+	if format == "" || data == "" {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+	return format, data, true
+}
+
 // --- Response parsing ---
 
 // ParseResponse parses a JSON chat completion response body into an LLMResponse.
@@ -214,11 +245,20 @@ func ParseResponse(body io.Reader) (*LLMResponse, error) {
 		Reasoning:        choice.Message.Reasoning,
 		ReasoningDetails: choice.Message.ReasoningDetails,
 		ToolCalls:        toolCalls,
-		FinishReason:     choice.FinishReason,
+		FinishReason:     normalizeFinishReason(choice.FinishReason),
 		Usage:            apiResponse.Usage,
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// normalizeFinishReason normalizes finish_reason values across providers.
+// Converts "length" to "truncated" for consistent handling.
+func normalizeFinishReason(reason string) string {
+	if reason == "length" {
+		return "truncated"
+	}
+	return reason
+}
+
 // DecodeToolCallArguments decodes a tool call's arguments from raw JSON.
 func DecodeToolCallArguments(raw json.RawMessage, name string) map[string]any {
 	arguments := make(map[string]any)
diff --git a/pkg/providers/common/common_test.go b/pkg/providers/common/common_test.go
index bb7e7434d..79a637d48 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/common/common_test.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/common/common_test.go
@@ -91,6 +91,44 @@ func TestSerializeMessages_WithMedia(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSerializeMessages_WithAudioMedia(t *testing.T) {
+	messages := []Message{
+		{Role: "user", Content: "transcribe this", Media: []string{"data:audio/ogg;base64,abc123"}},
+	}
+	result := SerializeMessages(messages)
+
+	data, _ := json.Marshal(result)
+	var msgs []map[string]any
+	json.Unmarshal(data, &msgs)
+
+	content, ok := msgs[0]["content"].([]any)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected array content for media message, got %T", msgs[0]["content"])
+	}
+	if len(content) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 content parts, got %d", len(content))
+	}
+
+	audioPart, ok := content[1].(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected audio content part to be an object, got %T", content[1])
+	}
+	if audioPart["type"] != "input_audio" {
+		t.Fatalf("audio part type = %v, want input_audio", audioPart["type"])
+	}
+
+	inputAudio, ok := audioPart["input_audio"].(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected input_audio object, got %T", audioPart["input_audio"])
+	}
+	if inputAudio["format"] != "ogg" {
+		t.Fatalf("audio format = %v, want ogg", inputAudio["format"])
+	}
+	if inputAudio["data"] != "abc123" {
+		t.Fatalf("audio data = %v, want abc123", inputAudio["data"])
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSerializeMessages_MediaWithToolCallID(t *testing.T) {
 	messages := []Message{
 		{Role: "tool", Content: "result", Media: []string{"data:image/png;base64,xyz"}, ToolCallID: "call_1"},
diff --git a/pkg/providers/error_classifier.go b/pkg/providers/error_classifier.go
index fd9bf1e81..e7691aa93 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/error_classifier.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/error_classifier.go
@@ -84,6 +84,15 @@ var (
 		substr("messages.1.content.1.tool_use.id"),
 		substr("invalid request format"),
 	}
+	contextOverflowPatterns = []errorPattern{
+		rxp(`context[_ ]?length[_ ]?exceeded`),
+		rxp(`context[_ ]?window[_ ]?exceeded`),
+		substr("maximum context length"),
+		substr("token limit"),
+		substr("too many tokens"),
+		substr("prompt is too long"),
+		substr("request too large"),
+	}
 
 	imageDimensionPatterns = []errorPattern{
 		rxp(`image dimensions exceed max`),
@@ -201,6 +210,9 @@ func classifyByMessage(msg string) FailoverReason {
 	if matchesAny(msg, formatPatterns) {
 		return FailoverFormat
 	}
+	if matchesAny(msg, contextOverflowPatterns) {
+		return FailoverContextOverflow
+	}
 	return ""
 }
 
diff --git a/pkg/providers/error_classifier_test.go b/pkg/providers/error_classifier_test.go
index 67d9af62b..46b180835 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/error_classifier_test.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/error_classifier_test.go
@@ -221,6 +221,30 @@ func TestClassifyError_ImageDimensionError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestClassifyError_ContextOverflowPatterns(t *testing.T) {
+	patterns := []string{
+		"context_length_exceeded",
+		"context_window_exceeded",
+		"maximum context length",
+		"token limit",
+		"too many tokens",
+		"prompt is too long",
+		"request too large",
+	}
+
+	for _, msg := range patterns {
+		err := errors.New(msg)
+		result := ClassifyError(err, "openai", "gpt-4")
+		if result == nil {
+			t.Errorf("pattern %q: expected non-nil", msg)
+			continue
+		}
+		if result.Reason != FailoverContextOverflow {
+			t.Errorf("pattern %q: reason = %q, want context_overflow", msg, result.Reason)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestClassifyError_ImageSizeError(t *testing.T) {
 	err := errors.New("image exceeds 20 mb limit")
 	result := ClassifyError(err, "openai", "gpt-4o")
@@ -265,6 +289,7 @@ func TestFailoverError_IsRetriable(t *testing.T) {
 		{FailoverTimeout, true},
 		{FailoverOverloaded, true},
 		{FailoverFormat, false},
+		{FailoverContextOverflow, false},
 		{FailoverUnknown, true},
 	}
 
diff --git a/pkg/providers/factory.go b/pkg/providers/factory.go
index d2afe2943..354acafcb 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/factory.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/factory.go
@@ -1,400 +1,7 @@
 package providers
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/auth"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 )
 
-const defaultAnthropicAPIBase = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1"
-
 var getCredential = auth.GetCredential
-
-type providerType int
-
-const (
-	providerTypeHTTPCompat providerType = iota
-	providerTypeClaudeAuth
-	providerTypeCodexAuth
-	providerTypeCodexCLIToken
-	providerTypeClaudeCLI
-	providerTypeCodexCLI
-	providerTypeGitHubCopilot
-)
-
-type providerSelection struct {
-	providerType    providerType
-	apiKey          string
-	apiBase         string
-	proxy           string
-	model           string
-	workspace       string
-	connectMode     string
-	enableWebSearch bool
-}
-
-func resolveProviderSelection(cfg *config.Config) (providerSelection, error) {
-	model := cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetModelName()
-	providerName := strings.ToLower(cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider)
-	lowerModel := strings.ToLower(model)
-
-	if providerName == "" && model == "" {
-		return providerSelection{}, fmt.Errorf("no model configured: agents.defaults.model is empty")
-	}
-
-	sel := providerSelection{
-		providerType: providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-		model:        model,
-	}
-
-	// First, prefer explicit provider configuration.
-	if providerName != "" {
-		switch providerName {
-		case "groq":
-			if cfg.Providers.Groq.APIKey != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Groq.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Groq.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Groq.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://api.groq.com/openai/v1"
-				}
-			}
-		case "openai", "gpt":
-			if cfg.Providers.OpenAI.APIKey != "" || cfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod != "" {
-				sel.enableWebSearch = cfg.Providers.OpenAI.WebSearch
-				if cfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod == "codex-cli" {
-					sel.providerType = providerTypeCodexCLIToken
-					return sel, nil
-				}
-				if cfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod == "oauth" || cfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod == "token" {
-					sel.providerType = providerTypeCodexAuth
-					return sel, nil
-				}
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.OpenAI.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.OpenAI.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.OpenAI.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://api.openai.com/v1"
-				}
-			}
-		case "anthropic", "claude":
-			if cfg.Providers.Anthropic.APIKey != "" || cfg.Providers.Anthropic.AuthMethod != "" {
-				if cfg.Providers.Anthropic.AuthMethod == "oauth" || cfg.Providers.Anthropic.AuthMethod == "token" {
-					sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Anthropic.APIBase
-					if sel.apiBase == "" {
-						sel.apiBase = defaultAnthropicAPIBase
-					}
-					sel.providerType = providerTypeClaudeAuth
-					return sel, nil
-				}
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Anthropic.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Anthropic.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Anthropic.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = defaultAnthropicAPIBase
-				}
-			}
-		case "openrouter":
-			if cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIKey != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIKey
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.Proxy
-				if cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIBase != "" {
-					sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIBase
-				} else {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1"
-				}
-			}
-		case "litellm":
-			if cfg.Providers.LiteLLM.APIKey != "" || cfg.Providers.LiteLLM.APIBase != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.LiteLLM.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.LiteLLM.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.LiteLLM.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = "http://localhost:4000/v1"
-				}
-			}
-		case "zhipu", "glm":
-			if cfg.Providers.Zhipu.APIKey != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Zhipu.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Zhipu.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Zhipu.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4"
-				}
-			}
-		case "gemini", "google":
-			if cfg.Providers.Gemini.APIKey != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Gemini.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Gemini.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Gemini.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta"
-				}
-			}
-		case "vllm":
-			if cfg.Providers.VLLM.APIBase != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.VLLM.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.VLLM.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.VLLM.Proxy
-			}
-		case "shengsuanyun":
-			if cfg.Providers.ShengSuanYun.APIKey != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.ShengSuanYun.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.ShengSuanYun.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.ShengSuanYun.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://router.shengsuanyun.com/api/v1"
-				}
-			}
-		case "nvidia":
-			if cfg.Providers.Nvidia.APIKey != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Nvidia.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Nvidia.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Nvidia.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1"
-				}
-			}
-		case "vivgrid":
-			if cfg.Providers.Vivgrid.APIKey != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Vivgrid.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Vivgrid.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Vivgrid.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://api.vivgrid.com/v1"
-				}
-			}
-		case "claude-cli", "claude-code", "claudecode":
-			workspace := cfg.WorkspacePath()
-			if workspace == "" {
-				workspace = "."
-			}
-			sel.providerType = providerTypeClaudeCLI
-			sel.workspace = workspace
-			return sel, nil
-		case "codex-cli", "codex-code":
-			workspace := cfg.WorkspacePath()
-			if workspace == "" {
-				workspace = "."
-			}
-			sel.providerType = providerTypeCodexCLI
-			sel.workspace = workspace
-			return sel, nil
-		case "deepseek":
-			if cfg.Providers.DeepSeek.APIKey != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.DeepSeek.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.DeepSeek.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.DeepSeek.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://api.deepseek.com/v1"
-				}
-				if model != "deepseek-chat" && model != "deepseek-reasoner" {
-					sel.model = "deepseek-chat"
-				}
-			}
-		case "avian":
-			if cfg.Providers.Avian.APIKey != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Avian.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Avian.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Avian.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://api.avian.io/v1"
-				}
-			}
-		case "mistral":
-			if cfg.Providers.Mistral.APIKey != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Mistral.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Mistral.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Mistral.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://api.mistral.ai/v1"
-				}
-			}
-		case "minimax":
-			if cfg.Providers.Minimax.APIKey != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Minimax.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Minimax.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Minimax.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://api.minimaxi.com/v1"
-				}
-			}
-		case "longcat":
-			if cfg.Providers.LongCat.APIKey != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.LongCat.APIKey
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.LongCat.APIBase
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.LongCat.Proxy
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://api.longcat.chat/openai"
-				}
-			}
-		case "github_copilot", "copilot":
-			sel.providerType = providerTypeGitHubCopilot
-			if cfg.Providers.GitHubCopilot.APIBase != "" {
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.GitHubCopilot.APIBase
-			} else {
-				sel.apiBase = "localhost:4321"
-			}
-			sel.connectMode = cfg.Providers.GitHubCopilot.ConnectMode
-			return sel, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Fallback: infer provider from model and configured keys.
-	if sel.apiKey == "" && sel.apiBase == "" {
-		switch {
-		case (strings.Contains(lowerModel, "kimi") || strings.Contains(lowerModel, "moonshot") || strings.HasPrefix(model, "moonshot/")) && cfg.Providers.Moonshot.APIKey != "":
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Moonshot.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Moonshot.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Moonshot.Proxy
-			if sel.apiBase == "" {
-				sel.apiBase = "https://api.moonshot.cn/v1"
-			}
-		case strings.HasPrefix(model, "openrouter/") ||
-			strings.HasPrefix(model, "anthropic/") ||
-			strings.HasPrefix(model, "openai/") ||
-			strings.HasPrefix(model, "meta-llama/") ||
-			strings.HasPrefix(model, "deepseek/") ||
-			strings.HasPrefix(model, "google/"):
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIKey
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.Proxy
-			if cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIBase != "" {
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIBase
-			} else {
-				sel.apiBase = "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1"
-			}
-		case (strings.Contains(lowerModel, "claude") || strings.HasPrefix(model, "anthropic/")) &&
-			(cfg.Providers.Anthropic.APIKey != "" || cfg.Providers.Anthropic.AuthMethod != ""):
-			if cfg.Providers.Anthropic.AuthMethod == "oauth" || cfg.Providers.Anthropic.AuthMethod == "token" {
-				sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Anthropic.APIBase
-				if sel.apiBase == "" {
-					sel.apiBase = defaultAnthropicAPIBase
-				}
-				sel.providerType = providerTypeClaudeAuth
-				return sel, nil
-			}
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Anthropic.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Anthropic.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Anthropic.Proxy
-			if sel.apiBase == "" {
-				sel.apiBase = defaultAnthropicAPIBase
-			}
-		case (strings.Contains(lowerModel, "gpt") || strings.HasPrefix(model, "openai/")) &&
-			(cfg.Providers.OpenAI.APIKey != "" || cfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod != ""):
-			sel.enableWebSearch = cfg.Providers.OpenAI.WebSearch
-			if cfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod == "codex-cli" {
-				sel.providerType = providerTypeCodexCLIToken
-				return sel, nil
-			}
-			if cfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod == "oauth" || cfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod == "token" {
-				sel.providerType = providerTypeCodexAuth
-				return sel, nil
-			}
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.OpenAI.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.OpenAI.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.OpenAI.Proxy
-			if sel.apiBase == "" {
-				sel.apiBase = "https://api.openai.com/v1"
-			}
-		case (strings.Contains(lowerModel, "gemini") || strings.HasPrefix(model, "google/")) && cfg.Providers.Gemini.APIKey != "":
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Gemini.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Gemini.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Gemini.Proxy
-			if sel.apiBase == "" {
-				sel.apiBase = "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta"
-			}
-		case (strings.Contains(lowerModel, "glm") || strings.Contains(lowerModel, "zhipu") || strings.Contains(lowerModel, "zai")) && cfg.Providers.Zhipu.APIKey != "":
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Zhipu.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Zhipu.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Zhipu.Proxy
-			if sel.apiBase == "" {
-				sel.apiBase = "https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4"
-			}
-		case (strings.Contains(lowerModel, "groq") || strings.HasPrefix(model, "groq/")) && cfg.Providers.Groq.APIKey != "":
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Groq.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Groq.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Groq.Proxy
-			if sel.apiBase == "" {
-				sel.apiBase = "https://api.groq.com/openai/v1"
-			}
-		case (strings.Contains(lowerModel, "nvidia") || strings.HasPrefix(model, "nvidia/")) && cfg.Providers.Nvidia.APIKey != "":
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Nvidia.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Nvidia.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Nvidia.Proxy
-			if sel.apiBase == "" {
-				sel.apiBase = "https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1"
-			}
-		case strings.HasPrefix(model, "vivgrid/") && cfg.Providers.Vivgrid.APIKey != "":
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Vivgrid.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Vivgrid.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Vivgrid.Proxy
-			if sel.apiBase == "" {
-				sel.apiBase = "https://api.vivgrid.com/v1"
-			}
-		case (strings.Contains(lowerModel, "ollama") || strings.HasPrefix(model, "ollama/")) && cfg.Providers.Ollama.APIKey != "":
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Ollama.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Ollama.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Ollama.Proxy
-			if sel.apiBase == "" {
-				sel.apiBase = "http://localhost:11434/v1"
-			}
-		case (strings.Contains(lowerModel, "mistral") || strings.HasPrefix(model, "mistral/")) && cfg.Providers.Mistral.APIKey != "":
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Mistral.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Mistral.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Mistral.Proxy
-			if sel.apiBase == "" {
-				sel.apiBase = "https://api.mistral.ai/v1"
-			}
-		case (strings.Contains(lowerModel, "minimax") || strings.HasPrefix(model, "minimax/")) && cfg.Providers.Minimax.APIKey != "":
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Minimax.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Minimax.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Minimax.Proxy
-			if sel.apiBase == "" {
-				sel.apiBase = "https://api.minimaxi.com/v1"
-			}
-		case strings.HasPrefix(model, "avian/") && cfg.Providers.Avian.APIKey != "":
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.Avian.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.Avian.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.Avian.Proxy
-			if sel.apiBase == "" {
-				sel.apiBase = "https://api.avian.io/v1"
-			}
-		case (strings.Contains(lowerModel, "longcat") || strings.HasPrefix(model, "longcat/")) && cfg.Providers.LongCat.APIKey != "":
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.LongCat.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.LongCat.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.LongCat.Proxy
-			if sel.apiBase == "" {
-				sel.apiBase = "https://api.longcat.chat/openai"
-			}
-		case cfg.Providers.VLLM.APIBase != "":
-			sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.VLLM.APIKey
-			sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.VLLM.APIBase
-			sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.VLLM.Proxy
-		default:
-			if cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIKey != "" {
-				sel.apiKey = cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIKey
-				sel.proxy = cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.Proxy
-				if cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIBase != "" {
-					sel.apiBase = cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIBase
-				} else {
-					sel.apiBase = "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1"
-				}
-			} else {
-				return providerSelection{}, fmt.Errorf("no API key configured for model: %s", model)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if sel.providerType == providerTypeHTTPCompat {
-		if sel.apiKey == "" && !strings.HasPrefix(model, "bedrock/") {
-			return providerSelection{}, fmt.Errorf("no API key configured for provider (model: %s)", model)
-		}
-		if sel.apiBase == "" {
-			return providerSelection{}, fmt.Errorf("no API base configured for provider (model: %s)", model)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return sel, nil
-}
diff --git a/pkg/providers/factory_provider.go b/pkg/providers/factory_provider.go
index a7fef8f5b..962e6ae19 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/factory_provider.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/factory_provider.go
@@ -6,12 +6,15 @@
 package providers
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 	anthropicmessages "github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers/anthropic_messages"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers/azure"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers/bedrock"
 )
 
 // createClaudeAuthProvider creates a Claude provider using OAuth credentials from auth store.
@@ -55,8 +58,9 @@ func ExtractProtocol(model string) (protocol, modelID string) {
 
 // CreateProviderFromConfig creates a provider based on the ModelConfig.
 // It uses the protocol prefix in the Model field to determine which provider to create.
-// Supported protocols: openai, litellm, novita, anthropic, anthropic-messages,
-// antigravity, claude-cli, codex-cli, github-copilot
+// Supported protocol families include OpenAI-compatible prefixes (e.g., openai, openrouter, groq, gemini),
+// Azure OpenAI, Amazon Bedrock, Anthropic (including messages), and various CLI/compatibility shims.
+// See the switch on protocol in this function for the authoritative list.
 // Returns the provider, the model ID (without protocol prefix), and any error.
 func CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg *config.ModelConfig) (LLMProvider, string, error) {
 	if cfg == nil {
@@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ func CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg *config.ModelConfig) (LLMProvider, string, err
 			return provider, modelID, nil
 		}
 		// OpenAI with API key
-		if cfg.APIKey == "" && cfg.APIBase == "" {
+		if cfg.APIKey() == "" && cfg.APIBase == "" {
 			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("api_key or api_base is required for HTTP-based protocol %q", protocol)
 		}
 		apiBase := cfg.APIBase
@@ -88,17 +92,18 @@ func CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg *config.ModelConfig) (LLMProvider, string, err
 			apiBase = getDefaultAPIBase(protocol)
 		}
 		return NewHTTPProviderWithMaxTokensFieldAndRequestTimeout(
-			cfg.APIKey,
+			cfg.APIKey(),
 			apiBase,
 			cfg.Proxy,
 			cfg.MaxTokensField,
 			cfg.RequestTimeout,
+			cfg.ExtraBody,
 		), modelID, nil
 
 	case "azure", "azure-openai":
 		// Azure OpenAI uses deployment-based URLs, api-key header auth,
 		// and always sends max_completion_tokens.
-		if cfg.APIKey == "" {
+		if cfg.APIKey() == "" {
 			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("api_key is required for azure protocol")
 		}
 		if cfg.APIBase == "" {
@@ -107,19 +112,55 @@ func CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg *config.ModelConfig) (LLMProvider, string, err
 			)
 		}
 		return azure.NewProviderWithTimeout(
-			cfg.APIKey,
+			cfg.APIKey(),
 			cfg.APIBase,
 			cfg.Proxy,
 			cfg.RequestTimeout,
 		), modelID, nil
 
+	case "bedrock":
+		// AWS Bedrock uses AWS SDK credentials (env vars, profiles, IAM roles, etc.)
+		// api_base can be:
+		//   - A full endpoint URL: https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com
+		//   - A region name: us-east-1 (AWS SDK resolves endpoint automatically)
+		var opts []bedrock.Option
+		if cfg.APIBase != "" {
+			if !strings.Contains(cfg.APIBase, "://") {
+				// Treat as region: let AWS SDK resolve the correct endpoint
+				// (supports all AWS partitions: aws, aws-cn, aws-us-gov, etc.)
+				opts = append(opts, bedrock.WithRegion(cfg.APIBase))
+			} else {
+				// Full endpoint URL provided (for custom endpoints or testing)
+				opts = append(opts, bedrock.WithBaseEndpoint(cfg.APIBase))
+			}
+		}
+		// Use a separate timeout for AWS config loading (credential resolution can block)
+		initTimeout := 30 * time.Second
+		if cfg.RequestTimeout > 0 {
+			reqTimeout := time.Duration(cfg.RequestTimeout) * time.Second
+			// Set request timeout for API calls
+			opts = append(opts, bedrock.WithRequestTimeout(reqTimeout))
+			// Ensure init timeout is at least as large as request timeout
+			if reqTimeout > initTimeout {
+				initTimeout = reqTimeout
+			}
+		}
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), initTimeout)
+		defer cancel()
+		// Note: AWS_PROFILE env var is automatically used by AWS SDK
+		provider, err := bedrock.NewProvider(ctx, opts...)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("creating bedrock provider: %w", err)
+		}
+		return provider, modelID, nil
+
 	case "litellm", "openrouter", "groq", "zhipu", "gemini", "nvidia",
 		"ollama", "moonshot", "shengsuanyun", "deepseek", "cerebras",
 		"vivgrid", "volcengine", "vllm", "qwen", "qwen-intl", "qwen-international", "dashscope-intl",
-		"qwen-us", "dashscope-us", "mistral", "avian", "minimax", "longcat", "modelscope", "novita",
-		"coding-plan", "alibaba-coding", "qwen-coding":
+		"qwen-us", "dashscope-us", "mistral", "avian", "longcat", "modelscope", "novita",
+		"coding-plan", "alibaba-coding", "qwen-coding", "mimo":
 		// All other OpenAI-compatible HTTP providers
-		if cfg.APIKey == "" && cfg.APIBase == "" {
+		if cfg.APIKey() == "" && cfg.APIBase == "" {
 			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("api_key or api_base is required for HTTP-based protocol %q", protocol)
 		}
 		apiBase := cfg.APIBase
@@ -127,11 +168,37 @@ func CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg *config.ModelConfig) (LLMProvider, string, err
 			apiBase = getDefaultAPIBase(protocol)
 		}
 		return NewHTTPProviderWithMaxTokensFieldAndRequestTimeout(
-			cfg.APIKey,
+			cfg.APIKey(),
 			apiBase,
 			cfg.Proxy,
 			cfg.MaxTokensField,
 			cfg.RequestTimeout,
+			cfg.ExtraBody,
+		), modelID, nil
+
+	case "minimax":
+		// Minimax requires reasoning_split: true in the request body
+		if cfg.APIKey() == "" && cfg.APIBase == "" {
+			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("api_key or api_base is required for HTTP-based protocol %q", protocol)
+		}
+		apiBase := cfg.APIBase
+		if apiBase == "" {
+			apiBase = getDefaultAPIBase(protocol)
+		}
+		extraBody := cfg.ExtraBody
+		if extraBody == nil {
+			extraBody = make(map[string]any)
+		}
+		if _, ok := extraBody["reasoning_split"]; !ok {
+			extraBody["reasoning_split"] = true
+		}
+		return NewHTTPProviderWithMaxTokensFieldAndRequestTimeout(
+			cfg.APIKey(),
+			apiBase,
+			cfg.Proxy,
+			cfg.MaxTokensField,
+			cfg.RequestTimeout,
+			extraBody,
 		), modelID, nil
 
 	case "anthropic":
@@ -148,15 +215,16 @@ func CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg *config.ModelConfig) (LLMProvider, string, err
 		if apiBase == "" {
 			apiBase = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1"
 		}
-		if cfg.APIKey == "" {
+		if cfg.APIKey() == "" {
 			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("api_key is required for anthropic protocol (model: %s)", cfg.Model)
 		}
 		return NewHTTPProviderWithMaxTokensFieldAndRequestTimeout(
-			cfg.APIKey,
+			cfg.APIKey(),
 			apiBase,
 			cfg.Proxy,
 			cfg.MaxTokensField,
 			cfg.RequestTimeout,
+			cfg.ExtraBody,
 		), modelID, nil
 
 	case "anthropic-messages":
@@ -165,11 +233,11 @@ func CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg *config.ModelConfig) (LLMProvider, string, err
 		if apiBase == "" {
 			apiBase = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1"
 		}
-		if cfg.APIKey == "" {
+		if cfg.APIKey() == "" {
 			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("api_key is required for anthropic-messages protocol (model: %s)", cfg.Model)
 		}
 		return anthropicmessages.NewProviderWithTimeout(
-			cfg.APIKey,
+			cfg.APIKey(),
 			apiBase,
 			cfg.RequestTimeout,
 		), modelID, nil
@@ -180,11 +248,11 @@ func CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg *config.ModelConfig) (LLMProvider, string, err
 		if apiBase == "" {
 			apiBase = getDefaultAPIBase(protocol)
 		}
-		if cfg.APIKey == "" {
+		if cfg.APIKey() == "" {
 			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("api_key is required for %q protocol (model: %s)", protocol, cfg.Model)
 		}
 		return anthropicmessages.NewProviderWithTimeout(
-			cfg.APIKey,
+			cfg.APIKey(),
 			apiBase,
 			cfg.RequestTimeout,
 		), modelID, nil
@@ -281,6 +349,8 @@ func getDefaultAPIBase(protocol string) string {
 		return "https://api.longcat.chat/openai"
 	case "modelscope":
 		return "https://api-inference.modelscope.cn/v1"
+	case "mimo":
+		return "https://api.xiaomimimo.com/v1"
 	default:
 		return ""
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/providers/factory_provider_test.go b/pkg/providers/factory_provider_test.go
index 8b9ddeecd..f1fe02cc2 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/factory_provider_test.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/factory_provider_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 package providers
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"strings"
@@ -89,9 +90,9 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_OpenAI(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 		ModelName: "test-openai",
 		Model:     "openai/gpt-4o",
-		APIKey:    "test-key",
 		APIBase:   "https://api.example.com/v1",
 	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
 
 	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -122,6 +123,7 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_DefaultAPIBase(t *testing.T) {
 		{"ollama", "ollama"},
 		{"longcat", "longcat"},
 		{"modelscope", "modelscope"},
+		{"mimo", "mimo"},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -129,8 +131,8 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_DefaultAPIBase(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 				ModelName: "test-" + tt.protocol,
 				Model:     tt.protocol + "/test-model",
-				APIKey:    "test-key",
 			}
+			cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
 
 			provider, _, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -155,9 +157,9 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_LiteLLM(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 		ModelName: "test-litellm",
 		Model:     "litellm/my-proxy-alias",
-		APIKey:    "test-key",
 		APIBase:   "http://localhost:4000/v1",
 	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
 
 	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -175,9 +177,9 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_LongCat(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 		ModelName: "test-longcat",
 		Model:     "longcat/LongCat-Flash-Thinking",
-		APIKey:    "test-key",
 		APIBase:   "https://api.longcat.chat/openai",
 	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
 
 	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -198,9 +200,9 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_ModelScope(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 		ModelName: "test-modelscope",
 		Model:     "modelscope/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507",
-		APIKey:    "test-key",
 		APIBase:   "https://api-inference.modelscope.cn/v1",
 	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
 
 	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -227,8 +229,8 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_Novita(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 		ModelName: "test-novita",
 		Model:     "novita/deepseek/deepseek-v3.2",
-		APIKey:    "test-key",
 	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
 
 	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -251,12 +253,41 @@ func TestGetDefaultAPIBase_Novita(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_Mimo(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
+		ModelName: "test-mimo",
+		Model:     "mimo/mimo-v2-pro",
+		APIBase:   "https://api.xiaomimimo.com/v1",
+	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
+
+	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CreateProviderFromConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if provider == nil {
+		t.Fatal("CreateProviderFromConfig() returned nil provider")
+	}
+	if modelID != "mimo-v2-pro" {
+		t.Errorf("modelID = %q, want %q", modelID, "mimo-v2-pro")
+	}
+	if _, ok := provider.(*HTTPProvider); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected *HTTPProvider, got %T", provider)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetDefaultAPIBase_Mimo(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := getDefaultAPIBase("mimo"); got != "https://api.xiaomimimo.com/v1" {
+		t.Fatalf("getDefaultAPIBase(%q) = %q, want %q", "mimo", got, "https://api.xiaomimimo.com/v1")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_Anthropic(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 		ModelName: "test-anthropic",
 		Model:     "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
-		APIKey:    "test-key",
 	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
 
 	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -340,8 +371,8 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_UnknownProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 		ModelName: "test-unknown",
 		Model:     "unknown-protocol/model",
-		APIKey:    "test-key",
 	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
 
 	_, _, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 	if err == nil {
@@ -382,6 +413,7 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_RequestTimeoutPropagation(t *testing.T) {
 		APIBase:        server.URL,
 		RequestTimeout: 1,
 	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
 
 	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -411,9 +443,9 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_Azure(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 		ModelName: "azure-gpt5",
 		Model:     "azure/my-gpt5-deployment",
-		APIKey:    "test-azure-key",
 		APIBase:   "https://my-resource.openai.azure.com",
 	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-azure-key")
 
 	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -431,9 +463,9 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_AzureOpenAIAlias(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 		ModelName: "azure-gpt4",
 		Model:     "azure-openai/my-deployment",
-		APIKey:    "test-azure-key",
 		APIBase:   "https://my-resource.openai.azure.com",
 	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-azure-key")
 
 	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -464,8 +496,8 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_AzureMissingAPIBase(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 		ModelName: "azure-gpt5",
 		Model:     "azure/my-gpt5-deployment",
-		APIKey:    "test-azure-key",
 	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-azure-key")
 
 	_, _, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 	if err == nil {
@@ -488,8 +520,8 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_QwenInternationalAlias(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 				ModelName: "test-" + tt.protocol,
 				Model:     tt.protocol + "/qwen-max",
-				APIKey:    "test-key",
 			}
+			cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
 
 			provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -522,8 +554,8 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_QwenUSAlias(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 				ModelName: "test-" + tt.protocol,
 				Model:     tt.protocol + "/qwen-max",
-				APIKey:    "test-key",
 			}
+			cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
 
 			provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -556,8 +588,8 @@ func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_CodingPlanAnthropic(t *testing.T) {
 			cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
 				ModelName: "test-" + tt.protocol,
 				Model:     tt.protocol + "/claude-sonnet-4-20250514",
-				APIKey:    "test-key",
 			}
+			cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
 
 			provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -603,3 +635,173 @@ func TestGetDefaultAPIBase_QwenUSAliases(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_MinimaxInjectsReasoningSplit(t *testing.T) {
+	var requestBody map[string]any
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&requestBody); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"choices":[{"message":{"content":"ok"},"finish_reason":"stop"}]}`))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
+		ModelName: "test-minimax",
+		Model:     "minimax/MiniMax-M2.5",
+		APIBase:   server.URL,
+	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
+
+	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CreateProviderFromConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if provider == nil {
+		t.Fatal("CreateProviderFromConfig() returned nil provider")
+	}
+	if modelID != "MiniMax-M2.5" {
+		t.Errorf("modelID = %q, want %q", modelID, "MiniMax-M2.5")
+	}
+
+	_, err = provider.Chat(
+		t.Context(),
+		[]Message{{Role: "user", Content: "hi"}},
+		nil,
+		modelID,
+		nil,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Chat() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify reasoning_split is automatically injected
+	if got, ok := requestBody["reasoning_split"]; !ok || got != true {
+		t.Fatalf("reasoning_split = %v, want true", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_MinimaxPreservesUserExtraBody(t *testing.T) {
+	var requestBody map[string]any
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&requestBody); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"choices":[{"message":{"content":"ok"},"finish_reason":"stop"}]}`))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
+		ModelName: "test-minimax-custom",
+		Model:     "minimax/MiniMax-M2.5",
+		APIBase:   server.URL,
+		ExtraBody: map[string]any{"custom_field": "test"},
+	}
+	cfg.SetAPIKey("test-key")
+
+	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CreateProviderFromConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = provider.Chat(
+		t.Context(),
+		[]Message{{Role: "user", Content: "hi"}},
+		nil,
+		modelID,
+		nil,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Chat() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify reasoning_split is automatically injected
+	if got, ok := requestBody["reasoning_split"]; !ok || got != true {
+		t.Fatalf("reasoning_split = %v, want true", got)
+	}
+	// Verify user's custom field is preserved
+	if got, ok := requestBody["custom_field"]; !ok || got != "test" {
+		t.Fatalf("custom_field = %v, want test", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_Bedrock(t *testing.T) {
+	// Set dummy AWS env vars to make test deterministic
+	t.Setenv("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID", "test-key")
+	t.Setenv("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY", "test-secret")
+	t.Setenv("AWS_EC2_METADATA_DISABLED", "true")
+	// Clear profile-related env vars to avoid loading shared config
+	t.Setenv("AWS_PROFILE", "")
+	t.Setenv("AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE", "")
+	t.Setenv("AWS_SDK_LOAD_CONFIG", "")
+	t.Setenv("AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE", "")
+
+	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
+		ModelName: "bedrock-claude",
+		Model:     "bedrock/us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-20250514-v1:0",
+		APIBase:   "us-west-2", // Region (also sets AWS region)
+	}
+
+	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
+	if err == nil {
+		// Provider created successfully (built with -tags bedrock)
+		if provider == nil {
+			t.Error("provider is nil on success")
+		}
+		if modelID != "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-20250514-v1:0" {
+			t.Errorf("modelID = %q, want %q", modelID, "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-20250514-v1:0")
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	errMsg := err.Error()
+	// When built without -tags bedrock, expect stub error
+	if strings.Contains(errMsg, "build with -tags bedrock") {
+		return // Expected stub error
+	}
+	// Unexpected error - fail the test
+	t.Errorf("unexpected error from bedrock provider: %v", err)
+}
+
+func TestCreateProviderFromConfig_BedrockWithEndpointURL(t *testing.T) {
+	// Set dummy AWS env vars to make test deterministic
+	t.Setenv("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID", "test-key")
+	t.Setenv("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY", "test-secret")
+	t.Setenv("AWS_REGION", "us-east-1") // Required when using endpoint URL
+	t.Setenv("AWS_EC2_METADATA_DISABLED", "true")
+	// Clear profile-related env vars to avoid loading shared config
+	t.Setenv("AWS_PROFILE", "")
+	t.Setenv("AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE", "")
+	t.Setenv("AWS_SDK_LOAD_CONFIG", "")
+	t.Setenv("AWS_SHARED_CREDENTIALS_FILE", "")
+
+	cfg := &config.ModelConfig{
+		ModelName: "bedrock-claude",
+		Model:     "bedrock/us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-20250514-v1:0",
+		APIBase:   "https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com", // Full endpoint URL
+	}
+
+	provider, modelID, err := CreateProviderFromConfig(cfg)
+	if err == nil {
+		// Provider created successfully (built with -tags bedrock)
+		if provider == nil {
+			t.Error("provider is nil on success")
+		}
+		if modelID != "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-20250514-v1:0" {
+			t.Errorf("modelID = %q, want %q", modelID, "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-20250514-v1:0")
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	errMsg := err.Error()
+	// When built without -tags bedrock, expect stub error
+	if strings.Contains(errMsg, "build with -tags bedrock") {
+		return // Expected stub error
+	}
+	// Unexpected error - fail the test
+	t.Errorf("unexpected error from bedrock provider: %v", err)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/providers/factory_test.go b/pkg/providers/factory_test.go
index 91469f25b..b99f5baf9 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/factory_test.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/factory_test.go
@@ -1,262 +1,22 @@
 package providers
 
 import (
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/auth"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 )
 
-func TestResolveProviderSelection(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name          string
-		setup         func(*config.Config)
-		wantType      providerType
-		wantAPIBase   string
-		wantProxy     string
-		wantErrSubstr string
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "explicit litellm provider uses configured base",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider = "litellm"
-				cfg.Providers.LiteLLM.APIKey = "litellm-key"
-				cfg.Providers.LiteLLM.APIBase = "http://localhost:4000/v1"
-				cfg.Providers.LiteLLM.Proxy = "http://127.0.0.1:7890"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-			wantAPIBase: "http://localhost:4000/v1",
-			wantProxy:   "http://127.0.0.1:7890",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "explicit litellm provider defaults base when only key is configured",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider = "litellm"
-				cfg.Providers.LiteLLM.APIKey = "litellm-key"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-			wantAPIBase: "http://localhost:4000/v1",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "explicit claude-cli provider routes to cli provider type",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider = "claude-cli"
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace = "/tmp/ws"
-			},
-			wantType: providerTypeClaudeCLI,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "explicit copilot provider routes to github copilot type",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider = "copilot"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeGitHubCopilot,
-			wantAPIBase: "localhost:4321",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "explicit deepseek provider uses deepseek defaults",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider = "deepseek"
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "deepseek/deepseek-chat"
-				cfg.Providers.DeepSeek.APIKey = "deepseek-key"
-				cfg.Providers.DeepSeek.Proxy = "http://127.0.0.1:7890"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-			wantAPIBase: "https://api.deepseek.com/v1",
-			wantProxy:   "http://127.0.0.1:7890",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "explicit shengsuanyun provider uses defaults",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider = "shengsuanyun"
-				cfg.Providers.ShengSuanYun.APIKey = "ssy-key"
-				cfg.Providers.ShengSuanYun.Proxy = "http://127.0.0.1:7890"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-			wantAPIBase: "https://router.shengsuanyun.com/api/v1",
-			wantProxy:   "http://127.0.0.1:7890",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "explicit nvidia provider uses defaults",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider = "nvidia"
-				cfg.Providers.Nvidia.APIKey = "nvapi-test"
-				cfg.Providers.Nvidia.Proxy = "http://127.0.0.1:7890"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-			wantAPIBase: "https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1",
-			wantProxy:   "http://127.0.0.1:7890",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "explicit vivgrid provider uses defaults",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider = "vivgrid"
-				cfg.Providers.Vivgrid.APIKey = "vivgrid-key"
-				cfg.Providers.Vivgrid.Proxy = "http://127.0.0.1:7890"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-			wantAPIBase: "https://api.vivgrid.com/v1",
-			wantProxy:   "http://127.0.0.1:7890",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "openrouter model uses openrouter defaults",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "openrouter/auto"
-				cfg.Providers.OpenRouter.APIKey = "sk-or-test"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-			wantAPIBase: "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "anthropic oauth routes to claude auth provider",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "claude-sonnet-4.6"
-				cfg.Providers.Anthropic.AuthMethod = "oauth"
-			},
-			wantType: providerTypeClaudeAuth,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "openai oauth routes to codex auth provider",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "gpt-4o"
-				cfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod = "oauth"
-			},
-			wantType: providerTypeCodexAuth,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "openai codex-cli auth routes to codex cli token provider",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "gpt-4o"
-				cfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod = "codex-cli"
-			},
-			wantType: providerTypeCodexCLIToken,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "explicit codex-code provider routes to codex cli provider type",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider = "codex-code"
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Workspace = "/tmp/ws"
-			},
-			wantType: providerTypeCodexCLI,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "zhipu model uses zhipu base default",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "glm-4.7"
-				cfg.Providers.Zhipu.APIKey = "zhipu-key"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-			wantAPIBase: "https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "groq model uses groq base default",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "groq/llama-3.3-70b"
-				cfg.Providers.Groq.APIKey = "gsk-key"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-			wantAPIBase: "https://api.groq.com/openai/v1",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "ollama model uses ollama base default",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "ollama/qwen2.5:14b"
-				cfg.Providers.Ollama.APIKey = "ollama-key"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-			wantAPIBase: "http://localhost:11434/v1",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "moonshot model keeps proxy and default base",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "moonshot/kimi-k2.5"
-				cfg.Providers.Moonshot.APIKey = "moonshot-key"
-				cfg.Providers.Moonshot.Proxy = "http://127.0.0.1:7890"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-			wantAPIBase: "https://api.moonshot.cn/v1",
-			wantProxy:   "http://127.0.0.1:7890",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "explicit longcat provider uses defaults",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Provider = "longcat"
-				cfg.Providers.LongCat.APIKey = "longcat-key"
-				cfg.Providers.LongCat.Proxy = "http://127.0.0.1:7890"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-			wantAPIBase: "https://api.longcat.chat/openai",
-			wantProxy:   "http://127.0.0.1:7890",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "longcat model fallback uses longcat base default",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "longcat/LongCat-Flash-Thinking"
-				cfg.Providers.LongCat.APIKey = "longcat-key"
-			},
-			wantType:    providerTypeHTTPCompat,
-			wantAPIBase: "https://api.longcat.chat/openai",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "missing keys returns model config error",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "custom-model"
-			},
-			wantErrSubstr: "no API key configured for model",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "openrouter prefix without key returns provider key error",
-			setup: func(cfg *config.Config) {
-				cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "openrouter/auto"
-			},
-			wantErrSubstr: "no API key configured for provider",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
-			tt.setup(cfg)
-
-			got, err := resolveProviderSelection(cfg)
-			if tt.wantErrSubstr != "" {
-				if err == nil {
-					t.Fatalf("expected error containing %q, got nil", tt.wantErrSubstr)
-				}
-				if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tt.wantErrSubstr) {
-					t.Fatalf("error = %q, want substring %q", err.Error(), tt.wantErrSubstr)
-				}
-				return
-			}
-
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("resolveProviderSelection() error = %v", err)
-			}
-			if got.providerType != tt.wantType {
-				t.Fatalf("providerType = %v, want %v", got.providerType, tt.wantType)
-			}
-			if tt.wantAPIBase != "" && got.apiBase != tt.wantAPIBase {
-				t.Fatalf("apiBase = %q, want %q", got.apiBase, tt.wantAPIBase)
-			}
-			if tt.wantProxy != "" && got.proxy != tt.wantProxy {
-				t.Fatalf("proxy = %q, want %q", got.proxy, tt.wantProxy)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func TestCreateProviderReturnsHTTPProviderForOpenRouter(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
-	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "test-openrouter"
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{
-		{
-			ModelName: "test-openrouter",
-			Model:     "openrouter/auto",
-			APIKey:    "sk-or-test",
-			APIBase:   "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
-		},
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "test-openrouter"
+	modelCfg := &config.ModelConfig{
+		ModelName: "test-openrouter",
+		Model:     "openrouter/auto",
+		APIBase:   "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
 	}
+	modelCfg.SetAPIKey("sk-or-test")
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{modelCfg}
 
 	provider, _, err := CreateProvider(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -270,8 +30,8 @@ func TestCreateProviderReturnsHTTPProviderForOpenRouter(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCreateProviderReturnsCodexCliProviderForCodexCode(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
-	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "test-codex"
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "test-codex"
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{
 		{
 			ModelName: "test-codex",
 			Model:     "codex-cli/codex-model",
@@ -291,8 +51,8 @@ func TestCreateProviderReturnsCodexCliProviderForCodexCode(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCreateProviderReturnsClaudeCliProviderForClaudeCli(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
-	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "test-claude-cli"
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "test-claude-cli"
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{
 		{
 			ModelName: "test-claude-cli",
 			Model:     "claude-cli/claude-sonnet",
@@ -324,8 +84,8 @@ func TestCreateProviderReturnsClaudeProviderForAnthropicOAuth(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
-	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "test-claude-oauth"
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "test-claude-oauth"
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{
 		{
 			ModelName:  "test-claude-oauth",
 			Model:      "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
diff --git a/pkg/providers/http_provider.go b/pkg/providers/http_provider.go
index 803165edb..f2ff52f1d 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/http_provider.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/http_provider.go
@@ -24,12 +24,13 @@ func NewHTTPProvider(apiKey, apiBase, proxy string) *HTTPProvider {
 }
 
 func NewHTTPProviderWithMaxTokensField(apiKey, apiBase, proxy, maxTokensField string) *HTTPProvider {
-	return NewHTTPProviderWithMaxTokensFieldAndRequestTimeout(apiKey, apiBase, proxy, maxTokensField, 0)
+	return NewHTTPProviderWithMaxTokensFieldAndRequestTimeout(apiKey, apiBase, proxy, maxTokensField, 0, nil)
 }
 
 func NewHTTPProviderWithMaxTokensFieldAndRequestTimeout(
 	apiKey, apiBase, proxy, maxTokensField string,
 	requestTimeoutSeconds int,
+	extraBody map[string]any,
 ) *HTTPProvider {
 	return &HTTPProvider{
 		delegate: openai_compat.NewProvider(
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ func NewHTTPProviderWithMaxTokensFieldAndRequestTimeout(
 			proxy,
 			openai_compat.WithMaxTokensField(maxTokensField),
 			openai_compat.WithRequestTimeout(time.Duration(requestTimeoutSeconds)*time.Second),
+			openai_compat.WithExtraBody(extraBody),
 		),
 	}
 }
diff --git a/pkg/providers/legacy_provider.go b/pkg/providers/legacy_provider.go
index 26905159f..4b0815dd4 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/legacy_provider.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/legacy_provider.go
@@ -18,23 +18,6 @@ import (
 func CreateProvider(cfg *config.Config) (LLMProvider, string, error) {
 	model := cfg.Agents.Defaults.GetModelName()
 
-	// Ensure model_list is populated from providers config if needed
-	// This handles two cases:
-	// 1. ModelList is empty - convert all providers
-	// 2. ModelList has some entries but not all providers - merge missing ones
-	if cfg.HasProvidersConfig() {
-		providerModels := config.ConvertProvidersToModelList(cfg)
-		existingModelNames := make(map[string]bool)
-		for _, m := range cfg.ModelList {
-			existingModelNames[m.ModelName] = true
-		}
-		for _, pm := range providerModels {
-			if !existingModelNames[pm.ModelName] {
-				cfg.ModelList = append(cfg.ModelList, pm)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	// Must have model_list at this point
 	if len(cfg.ModelList) == 0 {
 		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("no providers configured. Please add entries to model_list in your config")
diff --git a/pkg/providers/openai_compat/provider.go b/pkg/providers/openai_compat/provider.go
index 938e4ea8b..90bc683b8 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/openai_compat/provider.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/openai_compat/provider.go
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type Provider struct {
 	apiBase        string
 	maxTokensField string // Field name for max tokens (e.g., "max_completion_tokens" for o1/glm models)
 	httpClient     *http.Client
+	extraBody      map[string]any // Additional fields to inject into request body
 }
 
 type Option func(*Provider)
@@ -55,6 +56,12 @@ func WithRequestTimeout(timeout time.Duration) Option {
 	}
 }
 
+func WithExtraBody(extraBody map[string]any) Option {
+	return func(p *Provider) {
+		p.extraBody = extraBody
+	}
+}
+
 func NewProvider(apiKey, apiBase, proxy string, opts ...Option) *Provider {
 	p := &Provider{
 		apiKey:     apiKey,
@@ -140,6 +147,12 @@ func (p *Provider) buildRequestBody(
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Merge extra body fields configured per-provider/model.
+	// These are injected last so they take precedence over defaults.
+	for k, v := range p.extraBody {
+		requestBody[k] = v
+	}
+
 	return requestBody
 }
 
diff --git a/pkg/providers/openai_compat/provider_test.go b/pkg/providers/openai_compat/provider_test.go
index efb03ccb8..ab632ccf3 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/openai_compat/provider_test.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/openai_compat/provider_test.go
@@ -610,6 +610,90 @@ func TestProvider_RequestTimeoutOverride(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestProviderChat_ExtraBodyInjected(t *testing.T) {
+	var requestBody map[string]any
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&requestBody); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		resp := map[string]any{
+			"choices": []map[string]any{
+				{
+					"message":       map[string]any{"content": "ok"},
+					"finish_reason": "stop",
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(resp)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	extraBody := map[string]any{"reasoning_split": true, "custom_field": "test"}
+	p := NewProvider("key", server.URL, "", WithExtraBody(extraBody))
+
+	_, err := p.Chat(
+		t.Context(),
+		[]Message{{Role: "user", Content: "hi"}},
+		nil,
+		"minimax/abab7",
+		nil,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Chat() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got, ok := requestBody["reasoning_split"]; !ok || got != true {
+		t.Fatalf("reasoning_split = %v, want true", got)
+	}
+	if got, ok := requestBody["custom_field"]; !ok || got != "test" {
+		t.Fatalf("custom_field = %v, want test", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProviderChat_ExtraBodyOverridesOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	var requestBody map[string]any
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&requestBody); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		resp := map[string]any{
+			"choices": []map[string]any{
+				{
+					"message":       map[string]any{"content": "ok"},
+					"finish_reason": "stop",
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(resp)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	extraBody := map[string]any{"temperature": 0.9}
+	p := NewProvider("key", server.URL, "", WithExtraBody(extraBody))
+
+	_, err := p.Chat(
+		t.Context(),
+		[]Message{{Role: "user", Content: "hi"}},
+		nil,
+		"gpt-4o",
+		map[string]any{"temperature": 0.5},
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Chat() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// ExtraBody takes precedence over options since it is merged last.
+	if got := requestBody["temperature"]; got != float64(0.9) {
+		t.Fatalf("temperature = %v, want 0.9 (from extraBody, overriding options)", got)
+	}
+}
+
 type roundTripperFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
 
 func (f roundTripperFunc) RoundTrip(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
diff --git a/pkg/providers/types.go b/pkg/providers/types.go
index 9a4d126a7..f98ae9243 100644
--- a/pkg/providers/types.go
+++ b/pkg/providers/types.go
@@ -71,13 +71,14 @@ type NativeSearchCapable interface {
 type FailoverReason string
 
 const (
-	FailoverAuth       FailoverReason = "auth"
-	FailoverRateLimit  FailoverReason = "rate_limit"
-	FailoverBilling    FailoverReason = "billing"
-	FailoverTimeout    FailoverReason = "timeout"
-	FailoverFormat     FailoverReason = "format"
-	FailoverOverloaded FailoverReason = "overloaded"
-	FailoverUnknown    FailoverReason = "unknown"
+	FailoverAuth            FailoverReason = "auth"
+	FailoverRateLimit       FailoverReason = "rate_limit"
+	FailoverBilling         FailoverReason = "billing"
+	FailoverTimeout         FailoverReason = "timeout"
+	FailoverFormat          FailoverReason = "format"
+	FailoverContextOverflow FailoverReason = "context_overflow"
+	FailoverOverloaded      FailoverReason = "overloaded"
+	FailoverUnknown         FailoverReason = "unknown"
 )
 
 // FailoverError wraps an LLM provider error with classification metadata.
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ func (e *FailoverError) Unwrap() error {
 // IsRetriable returns true if this error should trigger fallback to next candidate.
 // Non-retriable: Format errors (bad request structure, image dimension/size).
 func (e *FailoverError) IsRetriable() bool {
-	return e.Reason != FailoverFormat
+	return e.Reason != FailoverFormat && e.Reason != FailoverContextOverflow
 }
 
 // ModelConfig holds primary model and fallback list.
diff --git a/pkg/routing/route_test.go b/pkg/routing/route_test.go
index 8255db5f9..fdfc899f9 100644
--- a/pkg/routing/route_test.go
+++ b/pkg/routing/route_test.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ func testConfig(agents []config.AgentConfig, bindings []config.AgentBinding) *co
 		Agents: config.AgentsConfig{
 			Defaults: config.AgentDefaults{
 				Workspace: "/tmp/picoclaw-test",
-				Model:     "gpt-4",
+				ModelName: "gpt-4",
 			},
 			List: agents,
 		},
diff --git a/pkg/tools/mcp_tool.go b/pkg/tools/mcp_tool.go
index 6e53cf354..5bffb4e89 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/mcp_tool.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/mcp_tool.go
@@ -5,9 +5,13 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"hash/fnv"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/modelcontextprotocol/go-sdk/mcp"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
 )
 
 // MCPManager defines the interface for MCP manager operations
@@ -25,6 +29,7 @@ type MCPTool struct {
 	manager    MCPManager
 	serverName string
 	tool       *mcp.Tool
+	mediaStore media.MediaStore
 }
 
 // NewMCPTool creates a new MCP tool wrapper
@@ -36,6 +41,10 @@ func NewMCPTool(manager MCPManager, serverName string, tool *mcp.Tool) *MCPTool
 	}
 }
 
+func (t *MCPTool) SetMediaStore(store media.MediaStore) {
+	t.mediaStore = store
+}
+
 // sanitizeIdentifierComponent normalizes a string so it can be safely used
 // as part of a tool/function identifier for downstream providers.
 // It:
@@ -218,13 +227,7 @@ func (t *MCPTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *ToolResult
 			WithError(fmt.Errorf("MCP tool error: %s", errMsg))
 	}
 
-	// Extract text content from result
-	output := extractContentText(result.Content)
-
-	return &ToolResult{
-		ForLLM:  output,
-		IsError: false,
-	}
+	return t.normalizeResultContent(ctx, result.Content)
 }
 
 // extractContentText extracts text from MCP content array
@@ -233,14 +236,269 @@ func extractContentText(content []mcp.Content) string {
 	for _, c := range content {
 		switch v := c.(type) {
 		case *mcp.TextContent:
-			parts = append(parts, v.Text)
+			parts = append(parts, sanitizeToolLLMContent(v.Text))
 		case *mcp.ImageContent:
-			// For images, just indicate that an image was returned
-			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("[Image: %s]", v.MIMEType))
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("[Image: %s]", normalizedMIMEType(v.MIMEType)))
+		case *mcp.AudioContent:
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("[Audio: %s]", normalizedMIMEType(v.MIMEType)))
+		case *mcp.ResourceLink:
+			parts = append(parts, summarizeResourceLink(v))
+		case *mcp.EmbeddedResource:
+			parts = append(parts, summarizeEmbeddedResource(v))
 		default:
 			// For other content types, use string representation
 			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("[Content: %T]", v))
 		}
 	}
-	return strings.Join(parts, "\n")
+	return sanitizeToolLLMContent(strings.Join(parts, "\n"))
+}
+
+func (t *MCPTool) normalizeResultContent(ctx context.Context, content []mcp.Content) *ToolResult {
+	llmParts := make([]string, 0, len(content))
+	mediaRefs := make([]string, 0, len(content))
+
+	for _, c := range content {
+		switch v := c.(type) {
+		case *mcp.TextContent:
+			text := strings.TrimSpace(sanitizeToolLLMContent(v.Text))
+			if text != "" {
+				llmParts = append(llmParts, text)
+			}
+		case *mcp.ImageContent:
+			ref, note := t.storeBinaryContent(
+				ctx,
+				"image",
+				normalizedMIMEType(v.MIMEType),
+				v.Data,
+				v.Annotations,
+			)
+			if ref != "" {
+				mediaRefs = append(mediaRefs, ref)
+			}
+			if note != "" {
+				llmParts = append(llmParts, note)
+			}
+		case *mcp.AudioContent:
+			ref, note := t.storeBinaryContent(
+				ctx,
+				"audio",
+				normalizedMIMEType(v.MIMEType),
+				v.Data,
+				v.Annotations,
+			)
+			if ref != "" {
+				mediaRefs = append(mediaRefs, ref)
+			}
+			if note != "" {
+				llmParts = append(llmParts, note)
+			}
+		case *mcp.ResourceLink:
+			llmParts = append(llmParts, summarizeResourceLink(v))
+		case *mcp.EmbeddedResource:
+			ref, note := t.storeEmbeddedResource(ctx, v)
+			if ref != "" {
+				mediaRefs = append(mediaRefs, ref)
+			}
+			if note != "" {
+				llmParts = append(llmParts, note)
+			}
+		default:
+			llmParts = append(llmParts, fmt.Sprintf("[MCP returned unsupported content type %T]", v))
+		}
+	}
+
+	result := &ToolResult{
+		ForLLM: strings.Join(compactStrings(llmParts), "\n"),
+		Media:  mediaRefs,
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func (t *MCPTool) storeEmbeddedResource(ctx context.Context, content *mcp.EmbeddedResource) (string, string) {
+	if content == nil || content.Resource == nil {
+		return "", "[MCP returned an embedded resource without data.]"
+	}
+
+	resource := content.Resource
+	if len(resource.Blob) > 0 {
+		return t.storeBinaryContent(
+			ctx,
+			"resource",
+			normalizedMIMEType(resource.MIMEType),
+			resource.Blob,
+			content.Annotations,
+		)
+	}
+
+	if strings.TrimSpace(resource.Text) != "" {
+		return "", sanitizeToolLLMContent(resource.Text)
+	}
+
+	return "", summarizeEmbeddedResource(content)
+}
+
+func (t *MCPTool) storeBinaryContent(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	kind string,
+	mimeType string,
+	data []byte,
+	annotations *mcp.Annotations,
+) (string, string) {
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf("[MCP returned %s content (%s) but it was empty.]", kind, mimeType)
+	}
+	if !annotationsAllowUser(annotations) {
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[MCP returned %s content (%s) for non-user audience; omitted from model context.]",
+			kind,
+			mimeType,
+		)
+	}
+	if t.mediaStore == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[MCP returned %s content (%s); omitted from model context because media delivery is unavailable.]",
+			kind,
+			mimeType,
+		)
+	}
+
+	channel := ToolChannel(ctx)
+	chatID := ToolChatID(ctx)
+	if channel == "" || chatID == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[MCP returned %s content (%s); omitted from model context because no target chat was available.]",
+			kind,
+			mimeType,
+		)
+	}
+
+	dir := media.TempDir()
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf("[MCP returned %s content (%s) but it could not be stored.]", kind, mimeType)
+	}
+
+	ext := extensionForMIMEType(mimeType)
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp(dir, "mcp-*"+ext)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf("[MCP returned %s content (%s) but it could not be stored.]", kind, mimeType)
+	}
+	tmpPath := tmpFile.Name()
+	if _, err = tmpFile.Write(data); err != nil {
+		_ = tmpFile.Close()
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf("[MCP returned %s content (%s) but it could not be stored.]", kind, mimeType)
+	}
+	if err = tmpFile.Close(); err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf("[MCP returned %s content (%s) but it could not be stored.]", kind, mimeType)
+	}
+
+	scope := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"tool:mcp:%s:%s:%s:%d",
+		sanitizeIdentifierComponent(t.serverName),
+		channel,
+		chatID,
+		time.Now().UnixNano(),
+	)
+	filename := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"%s_%s%s",
+		sanitizeIdentifierComponent(t.serverName),
+		sanitizeIdentifierComponent(t.tool.Name),
+		ext,
+	)
+
+	ref, err := t.mediaStore.Store(tmpPath, media.MediaMeta{
+		Filename:    filename,
+		ContentType: mimeType,
+		Source: fmt.Sprintf(
+			"tool:mcp:%s:%s",
+			sanitizeIdentifierComponent(t.serverName),
+			sanitizeIdentifierComponent(t.tool.Name),
+		),
+	}, scope)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[MCP returned %s content (%s) but it could not be registered as media.]",
+			kind,
+			mimeType,
+		)
+	}
+
+	return ref, fmt.Sprintf(
+		"[MCP returned %s content (%s); omitted from model context and stored as a local media artifact.]",
+		kind,
+		mimeType,
+	)
+}
+
+func summarizeResourceLink(content *mcp.ResourceLink) string {
+	if content == nil {
+		return "[MCP returned an empty resource link.]"
+	}
+
+	parts := []string{"[MCP returned resource link"}
+	if content.Name != "" {
+		parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("name=%q", content.Name))
+	}
+	if content.URI != "" {
+		parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("uri=%q", content.URI))
+	}
+	if content.MIMEType != "" {
+		parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("mime=%q", content.MIMEType))
+	}
+	if content.Description != "" {
+		desc := strings.TrimSpace(content.Description)
+		if len(desc) > 200 {
+			desc = desc[:200] + "..."
+		}
+		parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("description=%q", desc))
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, ", ") + "]"
+}
+
+func summarizeEmbeddedResource(content *mcp.EmbeddedResource) string {
+	if content == nil || content.Resource == nil {
+		return "[MCP returned an embedded resource.]"
+	}
+
+	resource := content.Resource
+	if resource.URI != "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf(
+			"[MCP returned embedded resource %q (%s).]",
+			resource.URI,
+			normalizedMIMEType(resource.MIMEType),
+		)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("[MCP returned embedded resource (%s).]", normalizedMIMEType(resource.MIMEType))
+}
+
+func annotationsAllowUser(annotations *mcp.Annotations) bool {
+	if annotations == nil || len(annotations.Audience) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, audience := range annotations.Audience {
+		if strings.EqualFold(string(audience), "user") {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func normalizedMIMEType(mimeType string) string {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(mimeType) == "" {
+		return "application/octet-stream"
+	}
+	return mimeType
+}
+
+func compactStrings(parts []string) []string {
+	compact := make([]string, 0, len(parts))
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(part) == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		compact = append(compact, part)
+	}
+	return compact
 }
diff --git a/pkg/tools/mcp_tool_test.go b/pkg/tools/mcp_tool_test.go
index 95bb0f992..8bbac3bc7 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/mcp_tool_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/mcp_tool_test.go
@@ -3,10 +3,14 @@ package tools
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/modelcontextprotocol/go-sdk/mcp"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
 )
 
 // MockMCPManager is a mock implementation of MCPManager interface for testing
@@ -490,3 +494,143 @@ func TestMCPTool_Parameters_MapSchema(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Name type should be 'string', got '%v'", nameParam["type"])
 	}
 }
+
+func TestMCPTool_Execute_ImageContentStoredAsMedia(t *testing.T) {
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	manager := &MockMCPManager{
+		callToolFunc: func(ctx context.Context, serverName, toolName string, arguments map[string]any) (*mcp.CallToolResult, error) {
+			return &mcp.CallToolResult{
+				Content: []mcp.Content{
+					&mcp.ImageContent{
+						Data:     []byte("fake-image-bytes"),
+						MIMEType: "image/png",
+					},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mcpTool := NewMCPTool(manager, "screenshoto", &mcp.Tool{Name: "take_screenshot"})
+	mcpTool.SetMediaStore(store)
+
+	result := mcpTool.Execute(WithToolContext(context.Background(), "telegram", "chat-42"), nil)
+
+	if result.IsError {
+		t.Fatalf("expected success, got %q", result.ForLLM)
+	}
+	if len(result.Media) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 media ref, got %d", len(result.Media))
+	}
+	if result.ResponseHandled {
+		t.Fatal("expected MCP image artifact not to mark response as handled")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "stored as a local media artifact") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected local media artifact note, got %q", result.ForLLM)
+	}
+
+	path, meta, err := store.ResolveWithMeta(result.Media[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stored media ref to resolve: %v", err)
+	}
+	if meta.ContentType != "image/png" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected image/png content type, got %q", meta.ContentType)
+	}
+	if filepath.Ext(path) != ".png" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected png temp file, got %q", path)
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stored media file to be readable: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(data) != "fake-image-bytes" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stored media bytes to match input, got %q", string(data))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMCPTool_Execute_EmbeddedResourceBlobStoredAsMedia(t *testing.T) {
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	manager := &MockMCPManager{
+		callToolFunc: func(ctx context.Context, serverName, toolName string, arguments map[string]any) (*mcp.CallToolResult, error) {
+			return &mcp.CallToolResult{
+				Content: []mcp.Content{
+					&mcp.EmbeddedResource{
+						Resource: &mcp.ResourceContents{
+							URI:      "file:///tmp/report.png",
+							MIMEType: "image/png",
+							Blob:     []byte("blob-bytes"),
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mcpTool := NewMCPTool(manager, "grafana", &mcp.Tool{Name: "get_dashboard_image"})
+	mcpTool.SetMediaStore(store)
+
+	result := mcpTool.Execute(WithToolContext(context.Background(), "telegram", "chat-42"), nil)
+
+	if len(result.Media) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected embedded resource blob to be stored as media, got %d refs", len(result.Media))
+	}
+	path, _, err := store.ResolveWithMeta(result.Media[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stored media ref to resolve: %v", err)
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stored media file to be readable: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(data) != "blob-bytes" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stored blob bytes to match input, got %q", string(data))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMCPTool_Execute_RespectsUserAudienceForBinaryContent(t *testing.T) {
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	manager := &MockMCPManager{
+		callToolFunc: func(ctx context.Context, serverName, toolName string, arguments map[string]any) (*mcp.CallToolResult, error) {
+			return &mcp.CallToolResult{
+				Content: []mcp.Content{
+					&mcp.ImageContent{
+						Data:        []byte("assistant-only"),
+						MIMEType:    "image/png",
+						Annotations: &mcp.Annotations{Audience: []mcp.Role{"assistant"}},
+					},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mcpTool := NewMCPTool(manager, "screenshoto", &mcp.Tool{Name: "take_screenshot"})
+	mcpTool.SetMediaStore(store)
+
+	result := mcpTool.Execute(WithToolContext(context.Background(), "telegram", "chat-42"), nil)
+
+	if len(result.Media) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no media ref for non-user audience, got %d", len(result.Media))
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "non-user audience") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected audience note, got %q", result.ForLLM)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMCPTool_Execute_LargeBase64TextIsOmittedFromContext(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := &MockMCPManager{
+		callToolFunc: func(ctx context.Context, serverName, toolName string, arguments map[string]any) (*mcp.CallToolResult, error) {
+			return &mcp.CallToolResult{
+				Content: []mcp.Content{
+					&mcp.TextContent{Text: strings.Repeat("QUJD", 400)},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mcpTool := NewMCPTool(manager, "test_server", &mcp.Tool{Name: "dump_payload"})
+
+	result := mcpTool.Execute(context.Background(), nil)
+
+	if result.ForLLM != largeBase64OmittedMessage {
+		t.Fatalf("expected sanitized large base64 note, got %q", result.ForLLM)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/normalization.go b/pkg/tools/normalization.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a76c5d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/tools/normalization.go
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"mime"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unicode"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
+)
+
+const (
+	largeBase64OmittedMessage = "[Tool returned a large base64-like payload; omitted from model context.]"
+	inlineMediaOmittedMessage = "[Tool returned inline media content; omitted from model context.]"
+	inlineMediaStoredMessage  = "[Tool returned inline media content (%s); omitted from model context and registered as a media attachment.]"
+)
+
+var (
+	inlineMarkdownDataURLRe = regexp.MustCompile(`!\[[^\]]*\]\((data:[^)]+)\)`)
+	inlineRawDataURLRe      = regexp.MustCompile(`data:[^;\s]+;base64,[A-Za-z0-9+/=\r\n]+`)
+)
+
+func normalizeToolResult(
+	result *ToolResult,
+	toolName string,
+	store media.MediaStore,
+	channel string,
+	chatID string,
+) *ToolResult {
+	if result == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	notes := make([]string, 0, 2)
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
+
+	if store != nil && channel != "" && chatID != "" {
+		var refs []string
+		var extractedNotes []string
+
+		result.ForLLM, refs, extractedNotes = extractInlineMediaRefs(
+			result.ForLLM,
+			toolName,
+			store,
+			channel,
+			chatID,
+			seen,
+		)
+		result.Media = append(result.Media, refs...)
+		notes = append(notes, extractedNotes...)
+
+		result.ForUser, refs, extractedNotes = extractInlineMediaRefs(
+			result.ForUser,
+			toolName,
+			store,
+			channel,
+			chatID,
+			seen,
+		)
+		result.Media = append(result.Media, refs...)
+		notes = append(notes, extractedNotes...)
+	}
+
+	result.ForLLM = sanitizeToolLLMContent(result.ForLLM)
+
+	if len(result.Media) > 0 && len(notes) > 0 {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(result.ForLLM) == "" {
+			result.ForLLM = strings.Join(notes, "\n")
+		} else {
+			result.ForLLM = strings.TrimSpace(result.ForLLM) + "\n" + strings.Join(notes, "\n")
+		}
+	}
+	if len(result.Media) > 0 && strings.TrimSpace(result.ForLLM) == "" {
+		result.ForLLM = "[Tool returned media content; omitted from model context and registered as a media attachment.]"
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+func sanitizeToolLLMContent(text string) string {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(text)
+	if trimmed == "" {
+		return text
+	}
+	if inlineMarkdownDataURLRe.MatchString(trimmed) || inlineRawDataURLRe.MatchString(trimmed) {
+		cleaned := inlineMarkdownDataURLRe.ReplaceAllString(trimmed, "")
+		cleaned = inlineRawDataURLRe.ReplaceAllString(cleaned, "")
+		cleaned = strings.TrimSpace(cleaned)
+		if cleaned == "" {
+			return inlineMediaOmittedMessage
+		}
+		return cleaned + "\n" + inlineMediaOmittedMessage
+	}
+	if looksLikeLargeBase64Payload(trimmed) {
+		return largeBase64OmittedMessage
+	}
+	return text
+}
+
+func looksLikeLargeBase64Payload(text string) bool {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(text)
+	if len(trimmed) < 1024 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	nonSpace := 0
+	base64Like := 0
+	spaceCount := 0
+
+	for _, r := range trimmed {
+		if unicode.IsSpace(r) {
+			spaceCount++
+			continue
+		}
+		nonSpace++
+		if (r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z') ||
+			(r >= 'a' && r <= 'z') ||
+			(r >= '0' && r <= '9') ||
+			r == '+' || r == '/' || r == '=' {
+			base64Like++
+		}
+	}
+
+	if nonSpace == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	ratio := float64(base64Like) / float64(nonSpace)
+	return ratio >= 0.97 && spaceCount <= len(trimmed)/128
+}
+
+func extractInlineMediaRefs(
+	text string,
+	toolName string,
+	store media.MediaStore,
+	channel string,
+	chatID string,
+	seen map[string]struct{},
+) (cleaned string, refs []string, notes []string) {
+	cleaned = text
+
+	matches := inlineMarkdownDataURLRe.FindAllStringSubmatch(cleaned, -1)
+	for _, match := range matches {
+		if len(match) < 2 {
+			continue
+		}
+		dataURL := match[1]
+		ref, note := storeInlineDataURL(toolName, store, channel, chatID, dataURL, seen)
+		if ref != "" {
+			refs = append(refs, ref)
+		}
+		if note != "" {
+			notes = append(notes, note)
+		}
+		cleaned = strings.ReplaceAll(cleaned, match[0], "")
+	}
+
+	rawMatches := inlineRawDataURLRe.FindAllString(cleaned, -1)
+	for _, dataURL := range rawMatches {
+		ref, note := storeInlineDataURL(toolName, store, channel, chatID, dataURL, seen)
+		if ref != "" {
+			refs = append(refs, ref)
+		}
+		if note != "" {
+			notes = append(notes, note)
+		}
+		cleaned = strings.ReplaceAll(cleaned, dataURL, "")
+	}
+
+	return strings.TrimSpace(cleaned), refs, notes
+}
+
+func storeInlineDataURL(
+	toolName string,
+	store media.MediaStore,
+	channel string,
+	chatID string,
+	dataURL string,
+	seen map[string]struct{},
+) (ref string, note string) {
+	dataURL = strings.TrimSpace(dataURL)
+	if _, ok := seen[dataURL]; ok {
+		return "", ""
+	}
+	seen[dataURL] = struct{}{}
+
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(dataURL), "data:") {
+		return "", ""
+	}
+
+	comma := strings.IndexByte(dataURL, ',')
+	if comma <= 5 {
+		return "", "[Tool returned inline media content that could not be parsed.]"
+	}
+
+	metaPart := dataURL[:comma]
+	payload := dataURL[comma+1:]
+	if !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(metaPart), ";base64") {
+		return "", "[Tool returned inline media content that was not base64-encoded.]"
+	}
+
+	mimeType := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(metaPart, "data:"))
+	if semi := strings.IndexByte(mimeType, ';'); semi >= 0 {
+		mimeType = mimeType[:semi]
+	}
+	if mimeType == "" {
+		mimeType = "application/octet-stream"
+	}
+
+	payload = strings.NewReplacer("\n", "", "\r", "", "\t", "", " ", "").Replace(payload)
+	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf("[Tool returned inline media content (%s) that could not be decoded.]", mimeType)
+	}
+
+	dir := media.TempDir()
+	if err = os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf("[Tool returned inline media content (%s) but it could not be stored.]", mimeType)
+	}
+
+	ext := extensionForMIMEType(mimeType)
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp(dir, "tool-inline-*"+ext)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf("[Tool returned inline media content (%s) but it could not be stored.]", mimeType)
+	}
+	tmpPath := tmpFile.Name()
+	if _, err = tmpFile.Write(decoded); err != nil {
+		tmpFile.Close()
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf("[Tool returned inline media content (%s) but it could not be stored.]", mimeType)
+	}
+	if err = tmpFile.Close(); err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf("[Tool returned inline media content (%s) but it could not be stored.]", mimeType)
+	}
+
+	filename := sanitizeIdentifierComponent(toolName) + ext
+	scope := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"tool:inline:%s:%s:%s:%d",
+		sanitizeIdentifierComponent(toolName),
+		channel,
+		chatID,
+		time.Now().UnixNano(),
+	)
+
+	ref, err = store.Store(tmpPath, media.MediaMeta{
+		Filename:    filename,
+		ContentType: mimeType,
+		Source:      fmt.Sprintf("tool:inline:%s", sanitizeIdentifierComponent(toolName)),
+	}, scope)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return "", fmt.Sprintf("[Tool returned inline media content (%s) but it could not be registered.]", mimeType)
+	}
+
+	return ref, fmt.Sprintf(inlineMediaStoredMessage, mimeType)
+}
+
+func extensionForMIMEType(mimeType string) string {
+	if mimeType == "" {
+		return ".bin"
+	}
+	if exts, err := mime.ExtensionsByType(mimeType); err == nil && len(exts) > 0 {
+		return exts[0]
+	}
+
+	switch strings.ToLower(mimeType) {
+	case "image/jpeg":
+		return ".jpg"
+	case "image/png":
+		return ".png"
+	case "image/gif":
+		return ".gif"
+	case "image/webp":
+		return ".webp"
+	case "audio/wav", "audio/x-wav":
+		return ".wav"
+	case "audio/mpeg":
+		return ".mp3"
+	case "audio/ogg":
+		return ".ogg"
+	case "video/mp4":
+		return ".mp4"
+	default:
+		return filepath.Ext(mimeType)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/registry.go b/pkg/tools/registry.go
index 0b0f51cc1..56af8d695 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/registry.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/registry.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
 )
 
@@ -19,9 +20,14 @@ type ToolEntry struct {
 }
 
 type ToolRegistry struct {
-	tools   map[string]*ToolEntry
-	mu      sync.RWMutex
-	version atomic.Uint64 // incremented on Register/RegisterHidden for cache invalidation
+	tools      map[string]*ToolEntry
+	mu         sync.RWMutex
+	version    atomic.Uint64 // incremented on Register/RegisterHidden for cache invalidation
+	mediaStore media.MediaStore
+}
+
+type mediaStoreAware interface {
+	SetMediaStore(store media.MediaStore)
 }
 
 func NewToolRegistry() *ToolRegistry {
@@ -43,6 +49,9 @@ func (r *ToolRegistry) Register(tool Tool) {
 		IsCore: true,
 		TTL:    0, // Core tools do not use TTL
 	}
+	if aware, ok := tool.(mediaStoreAware); ok && r.mediaStore != nil {
+		aware.SetMediaStore(r.mediaStore)
+	}
 	r.version.Add(1)
 	logger.DebugCF("tools", "Registered core tool", map[string]any{"name": name})
 }
@@ -61,10 +70,27 @@ func (r *ToolRegistry) RegisterHidden(tool Tool) {
 		IsCore: false,
 		TTL:    0,
 	}
+	if aware, ok := tool.(mediaStoreAware); ok && r.mediaStore != nil {
+		aware.SetMediaStore(r.mediaStore)
+	}
 	r.version.Add(1)
 	logger.DebugCF("tools", "Registered hidden tool", map[string]any{"name": name})
 }
 
+// SetMediaStore injects a MediaStore into all registered tools that can
+// consume it, and remembers it for future registrations.
+func (r *ToolRegistry) SetMediaStore(store media.MediaStore) {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+
+	r.mediaStore = store
+	for _, entry := range r.tools {
+		if aware, ok := entry.Tool.(mediaStoreAware); ok {
+			aware.SetMediaStore(store)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // PromoteTools atomically sets the TTL for multiple non-core tools.
 // This prevents a concurrent TickTTL from decrementing between promotions.
 func (r *ToolRegistry) PromoteTools(names []string, ttl int) {
@@ -180,6 +206,14 @@ func (r *ToolRegistry) ExecuteWithContext(
 		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("tool %q not found", name)).WithError(fmt.Errorf("tool not found"))
 	}
 
+	// Validate arguments against the tool's declared schema.
+	if err := validateToolArgs(tool.Parameters(), args); err != nil {
+		logger.WarnCF("tool", "Tool argument validation failed",
+			map[string]any{"tool": name, "error": err.Error()})
+		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("invalid arguments for tool %q: %s", name, err)).
+			WithError(fmt.Errorf("argument validation failed: %w", err))
+	}
+
 	// Inject channel/chatID into ctx so tools read them via ToolChannel(ctx)/ToolChatID(ctx).
 	// Always inject — tools validate what they require.
 	ctx = WithToolContext(ctx, channel, chatID)
@@ -230,6 +264,8 @@ func (r *ToolRegistry) ExecuteWithContext(
 		}
 	}
 
+	result = normalizeToolResult(result, name, r.mediaStore, channel, chatID)
+
 	duration := time.Since(start)
 
 	// Log based on result type
@@ -251,7 +287,7 @@ func (r *ToolRegistry) ExecuteWithContext(
 			map[string]any{
 				"tool":          name,
 				"duration_ms":   duration.Milliseconds(),
-				"result_length": len(result.ForLLM),
+				"result_length": len(result.ContentForLLM()),
 			})
 	}
 
@@ -346,7 +382,8 @@ func (r *ToolRegistry) Clone() *ToolRegistry {
 	r.mu.RLock()
 	defer r.mu.RUnlock()
 	clone := &ToolRegistry{
-		tools: make(map[string]*ToolEntry, len(r.tools)),
+		tools:      make(map[string]*ToolEntry, len(r.tools)),
+		mediaStore: r.mediaStore,
 	}
 	for name, entry := range r.tools {
 		clone.tools[name] = &ToolEntry{
@@ -384,3 +421,22 @@ func (r *ToolRegistry) GetSummaries() []string {
 	}
 	return summaries
 }
+
+// GetAll returns all registered tools (both core and non-core with TTL > 0).
+// Used by SubTurn to inherit parent's tool set.
+func (r *ToolRegistry) GetAll() []Tool {
+	r.mu.RLock()
+	defer r.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	sorted := r.sortedToolNames()
+	tools := make([]Tool, 0, len(sorted))
+	for _, name := range sorted {
+		entry := r.tools[name]
+
+		// Include core tools and non-core tools with active TTL
+		if entry.IsCore || entry.TTL > 0 {
+			tools = append(tools, entry.Tool)
+		}
+	}
+	return tools
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/registry_test.go b/pkg/tools/registry_test.go
index 967758dfa..db52749f6 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/registry_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/registry_test.go
@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@ package tools
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
 )
 
@@ -46,6 +49,15 @@ func (m *mockAsyncRegistryTool) ExecuteAsync(_ context.Context, args map[string]
 	return m.result
 }
 
+type mockMediaStoreAwareTool struct {
+	mockRegistryTool
+	store media.MediaStore
+}
+
+func (m *mockMediaStoreAwareTool) SetMediaStore(store media.MediaStore) {
+	m.store = store
+}
+
 // --- helpers ---
 
 func newMockTool(name, desc string) *mockRegistryTool {
@@ -621,3 +633,102 @@ func TestToolRegistry_Execute_PanicDoesNotAffectOtherTools(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected 'success', got %q", result2.ForLLM)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestToolRegistry_SetMediaStore_PropagatesToExistingAndNewTools(t *testing.T) {
+	r := NewToolRegistry()
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+
+	existing := &mockMediaStoreAwareTool{
+		mockRegistryTool: *newMockTool("existing", "existing tool"),
+	}
+	r.Register(existing)
+
+	r.SetMediaStore(store)
+	if existing.store != store {
+		t.Fatal("expected existing tool to receive media store")
+	}
+
+	later := &mockMediaStoreAwareTool{
+		mockRegistryTool: *newMockTool("later", "later tool"),
+	}
+	r.Register(later)
+
+	if later.store != store {
+		t.Fatal("expected newly registered tool to inherit media store")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToolRegistry_ExecuteWithContext_SanitizesLargeBase64Payload(t *testing.T) {
+	r := NewToolRegistry()
+	payload := strings.Repeat("QUJD", 400)
+	r.Register(&mockRegistryTool{
+		name:   "base64_tool",
+		desc:   "returns huge base64",
+		params: map[string]any{},
+		result: SilentResult(payload),
+	})
+
+	result := r.ExecuteWithContext(context.Background(), "base64_tool", nil, "telegram", "chat-1", nil)
+
+	if result.ForLLM != largeBase64OmittedMessage {
+		t.Fatalf("expected sanitized payload, got %q", result.ForLLM)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToolRegistry_ExecuteWithContext_ExtractsInlineMediaDataURL(t *testing.T) {
+	r := NewToolRegistry()
+	store := media.NewFileMediaStore()
+	r.SetMediaStore(store)
+
+	payload := "![screenshot](data:image/png;base64,aGVsbG8=)"
+	r.Register(&mockRegistryTool{
+		name:   "inline_media_tool",
+		desc:   "returns inline data url",
+		params: map[string]any{},
+		result: SilentResult(payload),
+	})
+
+	result := r.ExecuteWithContext(context.Background(), "inline_media_tool", nil, "telegram", "chat-42", nil)
+
+	if len(result.Media) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 media ref, got %d", len(result.Media))
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "data:image/png;base64") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected inline data URL to be stripped from ForLLM, got %q", result.ForLLM)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "registered as a media attachment") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected delivery note in ForLLM, got %q", result.ForLLM)
+	}
+
+	path, err := store.Resolve(result.Media[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stored media ref to resolve: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stored media file to exist: %v", err)
+	}
+	if filepath.Ext(path) != ".png" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stored inline media to use png extension, got %q", path)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToolRegistry_ExecuteWithContext_SanitizesInlineMediaWithoutStore(t *testing.T) {
+	r := NewToolRegistry()
+
+	payload := "before ![img](data:image/png;base64,aGVsbG8=) after"
+	r.Register(&mockRegistryTool{
+		name:   "inline_media_no_store",
+		desc:   "returns inline data url without store",
+		params: map[string]any{},
+		result: SilentResult(payload),
+	})
+
+	result := r.ExecuteWithContext(context.Background(), "inline_media_no_store", nil, "telegram", "chat-42", nil)
+
+	if strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "data:image/png;base64") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected inline data URL to be removed from ForLLM, got %q", result.ForLLM)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, inlineMediaOmittedMessage) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected inline media omission note, got %q", result.ForLLM)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/result.go b/pkg/tools/result.go
index cab833284..c81213125 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/result.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/result.go
@@ -1,6 +1,16 @@
 package tools
 
-import "encoding/json"
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+)
+
+const (
+	handledToolLLMNote   = "The requested output has already been delivered to the user in the current chat. Do not call send_file or any other delivery tool again. If you reply, provide only a brief confirmation."
+	artifactPathsLLMNote = "Use `send_file` with one of these paths to send it to the user, or use file/exec tools to save it inside the workspace if requested."
+)
 
 // ToolResult represents the structured return value from tool execution.
 // It provides clear semantics for different types of results and supports
@@ -34,6 +44,53 @@ type ToolResult struct {
 	// Media contains media store refs produced by this tool.
 	// When non-empty, the agent will publish these as OutboundMediaMessage.
 	Media []string `json:"media,omitempty"`
+
+	// Messages holds the ephemeral session history after execution.
+	// Only populated by SubTurn executions; used by evaluator_optimizer
+	// to carry stateful worker context across evaluation iterations.
+	Messages []providers.Message `json:"-"`
+
+	// ArtifactTags exposes local artifact paths back to the LLM in a structured
+	// form, e.g. "[file:/tmp/example.png]". This is used when a tool produced a
+	// reusable local artifact but did not deliver it to the user yet.
+	ArtifactTags []string `json:"artifact_tags,omitempty"`
+
+	// ResponseHandled indicates that this tool execution already satisfied the
+	// user's request at the channel/output level, so the agent loop can stop
+	// without a follow-up assistant response.
+	ResponseHandled bool `json:"response_handled,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ContentForLLM returns the normalized textual content to append to the
+// conversation after a tool call. Errors fall back to Err when ForLLM is empty.
+func (tr *ToolResult) ContentForLLM() string {
+	if tr == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	content := tr.ForLLM
+	if content == "" && tr.Err != nil {
+		content = tr.Err.Error()
+	}
+	if tr.ResponseHandled {
+		if content == "" {
+			return handledToolLLMNote
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(content, handledToolLLMNote) {
+			content += "\n" + handledToolLLMNote
+		}
+	}
+	if len(tr.ArtifactTags) > 0 {
+		artifactNote := "Local artifact paths: " + strings.Join(tr.ArtifactTags, " ") + "\n" + artifactPathsLLMNote
+		if content == "" {
+			content = artifactNote
+		} else if !strings.Contains(content, artifactNote) {
+			content += "\n" + artifactNote
+		}
+	}
+	if content != "" {
+		return content
+	}
+	return ""
 }
 
 // NewToolResult creates a basic ToolResult with content for the LLM.
@@ -158,3 +215,9 @@ func (tr *ToolResult) WithError(err error) *ToolResult {
 	tr.Err = err
 	return tr
 }
+
+// WithResponseHandled marks the tool result as already delivered to the user.
+func (tr *ToolResult) WithResponseHandled() *ToolResult {
+	tr.ResponseHandled = true
+	return tr
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/result_test.go b/pkg/tools/result_test.go
index a234e33f3..5f08cb4fa 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/result_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/result_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package tools
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -227,3 +228,41 @@ func TestToolResultJSONStructure(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected silent false, got %v", parsed["silent"])
 	}
 }
+
+func TestToolResultContentForLLM_AppendsHandledDeliveryNote(t *testing.T) {
+	result := MediaResult("Screenshot attached.", []string{"media://example"}).WithResponseHandled()
+
+	content := result.ContentForLLM()
+	if !strings.Contains(content, "Screenshot attached.") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected original content in ContentForLLM, got %q", content)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(content, handledToolLLMNote) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected handled delivery note in ContentForLLM, got %q", content)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToolResultContentForLLM_UsesHandledDeliveryNoteWhenEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	result := (&ToolResult{}).WithResponseHandled()
+
+	if got := result.ContentForLLM(); got != handledToolLLMNote {
+		t.Fatalf("ContentForLLM() = %q, want %q", got, handledToolLLMNote)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestToolResultContentForLLM_AppendsArtifactPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	result := &ToolResult{
+		ForLLM:       "Artifact created.",
+		ArtifactTags: []string{"[file:/tmp/example.png]"},
+	}
+
+	content := result.ContentForLLM()
+	if !strings.Contains(content, "Artifact created.") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected original content in ContentForLLM, got %q", content)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(content, "Local artifact paths: [file:/tmp/example.png]") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected artifact path note in ContentForLLM, got %q", content)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(content, artifactPathsLLMNote) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected artifact guidance note in ContentForLLM, got %q", content)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/send_file.go b/pkg/tools/send_file.go
index a67bd4210..44198381e 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/send_file.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/send_file.go
@@ -133,15 +133,16 @@ func (t *SendFileTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *ToolRe
 	scope := fmt.Sprintf("tool:send_file:%s:%s", channel, chatID)
 
 	ref, err := t.mediaStore.Store(resolved, media.MediaMeta{
-		Filename:    filename,
-		ContentType: mediaType,
-		Source:      "tool:send_file",
+		Filename:      filename,
+		ContentType:   mediaType,
+		Source:        "tool:send_file",
+		CleanupPolicy: media.CleanupPolicyForgetOnly,
 	}, scope)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("failed to register media: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	return MediaResult(fmt.Sprintf("File %q sent to user", filename), []string{ref})
+	return MediaResult(fmt.Sprintf("File %q sent to user", filename), []string{ref}).WithResponseHandled()
 }
 
 // detectMediaType determines the MIME type of a file.
diff --git a/pkg/tools/send_file_test.go b/pkg/tools/send_file_test.go
index 6daaab31c..f36baf7d0 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/send_file_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/send_file_test.go
@@ -104,6 +104,17 @@ func TestSendFileTool_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	if result.Media[0][:8] != "media://" {
 		t.Errorf("expected media:// ref, got %q", result.Media[0])
 	}
+	if !result.ResponseHandled {
+		t.Fatal("expected send_file success to mark response handled")
+	}
+
+	_, meta, err := store.ResolveWithMeta(result.Media[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ResolveWithMeta failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if meta.CleanupPolicy != media.CleanupPolicyForgetOnly {
+		t.Errorf("CleanupPolicy = %q, want %q", meta.CleanupPolicy, media.CleanupPolicyForgetOnly)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestSendFileTool_CustomFilename(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/pkg/tools/session.go b/pkg/tools/session.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..141dd4b5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/tools/session.go
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+)
+
+const maxOutputBufferSize = 1 * 1024 * 1024 // 1MB
+
+const outputTruncateMarker = "\n... [output truncated, exceeded 1MB]\n"
+
+// PtyKeyMode represents arrow key encoding mode for PTY sessions.
+// Programs send smkx/rmkx sequences to switch between CSI and SS3 modes.
+type PtyKeyMode uint8
+
+const (
+	PtyKeyModeCSI PtyKeyMode = iota // triggered by rmkx (\x1b[?1l)
+	PtyKeyModeSS3                   // triggered by smkx (\x1b[?1h)
+)
+
+const PtyKeyModeNotFound PtyKeyMode = 255
+
+var (
+	ErrSessionNotFound = errors.New("session not found")
+	ErrSessionDone     = errors.New("session already completed")
+	ErrPTYNotSupported = errors.New("PTY is not supported on this platform")
+	ErrNoStdin         = errors.New("no stdin available")
+)
+
+type ProcessSession struct {
+	mu              sync.Mutex
+	ID              string
+	PID             int
+	Command         string
+	PTY             bool
+	Background      bool
+	StartTime       int64
+	ExitCode        int
+	Status          string
+	stdinWriter     io.Writer
+	stdoutPipe      io.Reader
+	outputBuffer    *bytes.Buffer
+	outputTruncated bool
+	ptyMaster       *os.File
+
+	// ptyKeyMode tracks arrow key encoding mode (CSI vs SS3)
+	ptyKeyMode PtyKeyMode
+}
+
+func (s *ProcessSession) IsDone() bool {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return s.Status == "done" || s.Status == "exited"
+}
+
+func (s *ProcessSession) GetPtyKeyMode() PtyKeyMode {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return s.ptyKeyMode
+}
+
+func (s *ProcessSession) SetPtyKeyMode(mode PtyKeyMode) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.ptyKeyMode = mode
+}
+
+func (s *ProcessSession) GetStatus() string {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return s.Status
+}
+
+func (s *ProcessSession) SetStatus(status string) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.Status = status
+}
+
+func (s *ProcessSession) GetExitCode() int {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return s.ExitCode
+}
+
+func (s *ProcessSession) SetExitCode(code int) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.ExitCode = code
+}
+
+func (s *ProcessSession) killProcess() error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if s.Status != "running" {
+		return ErrSessionDone
+	}
+
+	pid := s.PID
+	if pid <= 0 {
+		return ErrSessionNotFound
+	}
+
+	if err := killProcessGroup(pid); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	s.Status = "done"
+	s.ExitCode = -1
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *ProcessSession) Kill() error {
+	return s.killProcess()
+}
+
+func (s *ProcessSession) Write(data string) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if s.Status != "running" {
+		return ErrSessionDone
+	}
+
+	var writer io.Writer
+	if s.PTY && s.ptyMaster != nil {
+		writer = s.ptyMaster
+	} else if s.stdinWriter != nil {
+		writer = s.stdinWriter
+	} else {
+		return ErrNoStdin
+	}
+
+	_, err := writer.Write([]byte(data))
+	return err
+}
+
+func (s *ProcessSession) Read() string {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if s.outputBuffer.Len() == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	data := s.outputBuffer.String()
+	s.outputBuffer.Reset()
+	return data
+}
+
+func (s *ProcessSession) ToSessionInfo() SessionInfo {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return SessionInfo{
+		ID:        s.ID,
+		Command:   s.Command,
+		Status:    s.Status,
+		PID:       s.PID,
+		StartedAt: s.StartTime,
+	}
+}
+
+type SessionManager struct {
+	mu       sync.RWMutex
+	sessions map[string]*ProcessSession
+}
+
+func NewSessionManager() *SessionManager {
+	sm := &SessionManager{
+		sessions: make(map[string]*ProcessSession),
+	}
+
+	// Start cleaner goroutine - runs every 5 minutes, cleans up sessions done for >30 minutes
+	go func() {
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Minute)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+		for range ticker.C {
+			sm.cleanupOldSessions()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return sm
+}
+
+// cleanupOldSessions removes sessions that are done and older than 30 minutes
+func (sm *SessionManager) cleanupOldSessions() {
+	sm.mu.Lock()
+	defer sm.mu.Unlock()
+
+	cutoff := time.Now().Add(-30 * time.Minute)
+	for id, session := range sm.sessions {
+		if session.IsDone() && session.StartTime < cutoff.Unix() {
+			delete(sm.sessions, id)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (sm *SessionManager) Add(session *ProcessSession) {
+	sm.mu.Lock()
+	defer sm.mu.Unlock()
+	sm.sessions[session.ID] = session
+}
+
+func (sm *SessionManager) Get(sessionID string) (*ProcessSession, error) {
+	sm.mu.RLock()
+	defer sm.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	session, ok := sm.sessions[sessionID]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, ErrSessionNotFound
+	}
+
+	return session, nil
+}
+
+func (sm *SessionManager) Remove(sessionID string) {
+	sm.mu.Lock()
+	defer sm.mu.Unlock()
+	delete(sm.sessions, sessionID)
+}
+
+func (sm *SessionManager) List() []SessionInfo {
+	sm.mu.RLock()
+	defer sm.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	result := make([]SessionInfo, 0, len(sm.sessions))
+	for _, session := range sm.sessions {
+		result = append(result, session.ToSessionInfo())
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+func generateSessionID() string {
+	return uuid.New().String()[:8]
+}
+
+type SessionInfo struct {
+	ID        string `json:"id"`
+	Command   string `json:"command"`
+	Status    string `json:"status"`
+	PID       int    `json:"pid"`
+	StartedAt int64  `json:"startedAt"`
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/session_process_unix.go b/pkg/tools/session_process_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2fe30166e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/tools/session_process_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+func killProcessGroup(pid int) error {
+	if err := syscall.Kill(-pid, syscall.SIGKILL); err != nil {
+		_ = syscall.Kill(pid, syscall.SIGKILL)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/session_process_windows.go b/pkg/tools/session_process_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7cf558954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/tools/session_process_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+func killProcessGroup(pid int) error {
+	_ = exec.Command("taskkill", "/T", "/F", "/PID", strconv.Itoa(pid)).Run()
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/session_test.go b/pkg/tools/session_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6cfe72a10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/tools/session_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSessionManager_AddGet(t *testing.T) {
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	session := &ProcessSession{
+		ID:        "test-1",
+		Command:   "echo hello",
+		Status:    "running",
+		StartTime: 1000,
+	}
+
+	sm.Add(session)
+
+	got, err := sm.Get("test-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "test-1", got.ID)
+}
+
+func TestSessionManager_Remove(t *testing.T) {
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	session := &ProcessSession{
+		ID:        "test-1",
+		Command:   "echo hello",
+		Status:    "running",
+		StartTime: 1000,
+	}
+	sm.Add(session)
+	sm.Remove("test-1")
+
+	_, err := sm.Get("test-1")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrSessionNotFound)
+}
+
+func TestSessionManager_List(t *testing.T) {
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	sm.Add(&ProcessSession{
+		ID:        "test-1",
+		Command:   "echo hello",
+		Status:    "running",
+		StartTime: 1000,
+	})
+	sm.Add(&ProcessSession{
+		ID:        "test-2",
+		Command:   "echo world",
+		Status:    "running",
+		StartTime: 1001,
+	})
+	sm.Add(&ProcessSession{
+		ID:        "test-3",
+		Command:   "echo done",
+		Status:    "done",
+		StartTime: 1002,
+	})
+
+	sessions := sm.List()
+	require.Len(t, sessions, 3)
+
+	ids := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, s := range sessions {
+		ids[s.ID] = true
+	}
+	require.True(t, ids["test-1"])
+	require.True(t, ids["test-2"])
+	require.True(t, ids["test-3"])
+}
+
+func TestProcessSession_IsDone(t *testing.T) {
+	session := &ProcessSession{Status: "running"}
+	require.False(t, session.IsDone())
+
+	session.Status = "done"
+	require.True(t, session.IsDone())
+
+	session.Status = "exited"
+	require.True(t, session.IsDone())
+}
+
+func TestProcessSession_ToSessionInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	session := &ProcessSession{
+		ID:        "test-1",
+		PID:       12345,
+		Command:   "echo hello",
+		Status:    "running",
+		StartTime: 1000,
+	}
+
+	info := session.ToSessionInfo()
+	require.Equal(t, "test-1", info.ID)
+	require.Equal(t, "echo hello", info.Command)
+	require.Equal(t, "running", info.Status)
+	require.Equal(t, 12345, info.PID)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1000), info.StartedAt)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/shell.go b/pkg/tools/shell.go
index 78ad2b26d..6ee1cb993 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/shell.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/shell.go
@@ -3,20 +3,36 @@ package tools
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/creack/pty"
+
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/constants"
 )
 
+var (
+	globalSessionManager = NewSessionManager()
+	sessionManagerMu     sync.RWMutex
+)
+
+func getSessionManager() *SessionManager {
+	sessionManagerMu.RLock()
+	defer sessionManagerMu.RUnlock()
+	return globalSessionManager
+}
+
 type ExecTool struct {
 	workingDir          string
 	timeout             time.Duration
@@ -26,6 +42,7 @@ type ExecTool struct {
 	allowedPathPatterns []*regexp.Regexp
 	restrictToWorkspace bool
 	allowRemote         bool
+	sessionManager      *SessionManager
 }
 
 var (
@@ -145,7 +162,7 @@ func NewExecToolWithConfig(
 		denyPatterns = append(denyPatterns, defaultDenyPatterns...)
 	}
 
-	timeout := 60 * time.Second
+	var timeout time.Duration
 	if config != nil && config.Tools.Exec.TimeoutSeconds > 0 {
 		timeout = time.Duration(config.Tools.Exec.TimeoutSeconds) * time.Second
 	}
@@ -159,6 +176,7 @@ func NewExecToolWithConfig(
 		allowedPathPatterns: allowedPathPatterns,
 		restrictToWorkspace: restrict,
 		allowRemote:         allowRemote,
+		sessionManager:      getSessionManager(),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -167,27 +185,82 @@ func (t *ExecTool) Name() string {
 }
 
 func (t *ExecTool) Description() string {
-	return "Execute a shell command and return its output. Use with caution."
+	return `Execute shell commands. Use background=true for long-running commands (returns sessionId). Use pty=true for interactive commands (can combine with background=true). Use poll/read/write/send-keys/kill with sessionId to manage background sessions. Sessions auto-cleanup 30 minutes after process exits; use kill to terminate early. Output buffer limit: 1MB.`
 }
 
 func (t *ExecTool) Parameters() map[string]any {
 	return map[string]any{
 		"type": "object",
 		"properties": map[string]any{
+			"action": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"enum":        []string{"run", "list", "poll", "read", "write", "kill", "send-keys"},
+				"description": "Action: run (execute command), list (show sessions), poll (check status), read (get output), write (send input), kill (terminate), send-keys (send keys to PTY)",
+			},
 			"command": map[string]any{
 				"type":        "string",
-				"description": "The shell command to execute",
+				"description": "Shell command to execute (required for run)",
 			},
-			"working_dir": map[string]any{
+			"sessionId": map[string]any{
 				"type":        "string",
-				"description": "Optional working directory for the command",
+				"description": "Session ID (required for poll/read/write/kill/send-keys)",
+			},
+			"keys": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "Key names for send-keys: up, down, left, right, enter, tab, escape, backspace, ctrl-c, ctrl-d, home, end, pageup, pagedown, f1-f12",
+			},
+			"data": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "Data to write to stdin (required for write)",
+			},
+			"background": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "Run in background immediately",
+			},
+			"pty": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "Run in a pseudo-terminal (PTY) when available",
+			},
+			"cwd": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "Working directory for the command",
+			},
+			"timeout": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "integer",
+				"description": "Timeout in seconds (0 = no timeout)",
 			},
 		},
-		"required": []string{"command"},
+		"required": []string{"action"},
 	}
 }
 
 func (t *ExecTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *ToolResult {
+	action, _ := args["action"].(string)
+	if action == "" {
+		return ErrorResult("action is required")
+	}
+
+	switch action {
+	case "run":
+		return t.executeRun(ctx, args)
+	case "list":
+		return t.executeList()
+	case "poll":
+		return t.executePoll(args)
+	case "read":
+		return t.executeRead(args)
+	case "write":
+		return t.executeWrite(args)
+	case "kill":
+		return t.executeKill(args)
+	case "send-keys":
+		return t.executeSendKeys(args)
+	default:
+		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("unknown action: %s", action))
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *ExecTool) executeRun(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *ToolResult {
 	command, ok := args["command"].(string)
 	if !ok {
 		return ErrorResult("command is required")
@@ -206,8 +279,26 @@ func (t *ExecTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *ToolResult
 		}
 	}
 
+	getBoolArg := func(key string) bool {
+		switch v := args[key].(type) {
+		case bool:
+			return v
+		case string:
+			return v == "true"
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	isPty := getBoolArg("pty")
+	isBackground := getBoolArg("background")
+
+	if isPty {
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			return ErrorResult("PTY is not supported on Windows. Use background=true without pty.")
+		}
+	}
+
 	cwd := t.workingDir
-	if wd, ok := args["working_dir"].(string); ok && wd != "" {
+	if wd, ok := args["cwd"].(string); ok && wd != "" {
 		if t.restrictToWorkspace && t.workingDir != "" {
 			resolvedWD, err := validatePathWithAllowPaths(wd, t.workingDir, true, t.allowedPathPatterns)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -253,6 +344,14 @@ func (t *ExecTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *ToolResult
 		}
 	}
 
+	if isBackground {
+		return t.runBackground(ctx, command, cwd, isPty)
+	}
+
+	return t.runSync(ctx, command, cwd)
+}
+
+func (t *ExecTool) runSync(ctx context.Context, command, cwd string) *ToolResult {
 	// timeout == 0 means no timeout
 	var cmdCtx context.Context
 	var cancel context.CancelFunc
@@ -361,6 +460,560 @@ func (t *ExecTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *ToolResult
 	}
 }
 
+func (t *ExecTool) runBackground(ctx context.Context, command, cwd string, ptyEnabled bool) *ToolResult {
+	sessionID := generateSessionID()
+	session := &ProcessSession{
+		ID:         sessionID,
+		Command:    command,
+		PTY:        ptyEnabled,
+		Background: true,
+		StartTime:  time.Now().Unix(),
+		Status:     "running",
+		ptyKeyMode: PtyKeyModeCSI,
+	}
+
+	var cmd *exec.Cmd
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		cmd = exec.Command("powershell", "-NoProfile", "-NonInteractive", "-Command", command)
+	} else {
+		cmd = exec.Command("sh", "-c", command)
+	}
+	if cwd != "" {
+		cmd.Dir = cwd
+	}
+
+	prepareCommandForTermination(cmd)
+
+	var stdoutReader io.ReadCloser
+	var stderrReader io.ReadCloser
+	var stdinWriter io.WriteCloser
+
+	if ptyEnabled {
+		ptmx, tty, err := pty.Open()
+		if err != nil {
+			return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("failed to create PTY: %v", err))
+		}
+
+		cmd.Stdin = tty
+		cmd.Stdout = tty
+		cmd.Stderr = tty
+
+		// For PTY, we need Setsid to create a new session.
+		// Note: Setsid and Setpgid conflict, so we must replace SysProcAttr entirely.
+		setSysProcAttrForPty(cmd)
+
+		session.ptyMaster = ptmx
+	} else {
+		var err error
+		stdoutReader, err = cmd.StdoutPipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("failed to create stdout pipe: %v", err))
+		}
+		stderrReader, err = cmd.StderrPipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("failed to create stderr pipe: %v", err))
+		}
+		stdinWriter, err = cmd.StdinPipe()
+		if err != nil {
+			return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("failed to create stdin pipe: %v", err))
+		}
+		session.stdoutPipe = io.MultiReader(stdoutReader, stderrReader)
+		session.stdinWriter = stdinWriter
+	}
+
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		if session.ptyMaster != nil {
+			session.ptyMaster.Close()
+		}
+		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("failed to start command: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	session.PID = cmd.Process.Pid
+	t.sessionManager.Add(session)
+
+	session.outputBuffer = &bytes.Buffer{}
+
+	// PTY mode: read from ptyMaster and wait for process
+	// Note: On Linux, closing ptyMaster doesn't interrupt blocking Read() calls,
+	// so we need cmd.Wait() in a separate goroutine to detect process exit.
+	if session.PTY && session.ptyMaster != nil {
+		go func() {
+			cmd.Wait() // Wait for process to exit
+			session.mu.Lock()
+			if cmd.ProcessState != nil {
+				session.ExitCode = cmd.ProcessState.ExitCode()
+			}
+			session.Status = "done"
+			session.mu.Unlock()
+		}()
+
+		go func() {
+			buf := make([]byte, 4096)
+			for {
+				n, err := session.ptyMaster.Read(buf)
+				if n > 0 {
+					raw := string(buf[:n])
+					if mode := detectPtyKeyMode(raw); mode != PtyKeyModeNotFound && mode != session.GetPtyKeyMode() {
+						session.SetPtyKeyMode(mode)
+					}
+
+					session.mu.Lock()
+					if session.outputBuffer.Len() >= maxOutputBufferSize {
+						if !session.outputTruncated {
+							session.outputBuffer.WriteString(outputTruncateMarker)
+							session.outputTruncated = true
+						}
+					} else {
+						session.outputBuffer.Write(buf[:n])
+					}
+					session.mu.Unlock()
+				}
+				if err != nil {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	} else {
+		// Non-PTY mode: single goroutine reads pipes.
+		// When Read() returns EOF (pipe closed), we break.
+		// When process exits, OS closes pipe write end → Read() returns EOF → we exit.
+		go func() {
+			buf := make([]byte, 4096)
+
+			// Read stdout
+			for {
+				n, err := stdoutReader.Read(buf)
+				if n > 0 {
+					session.mu.Lock()
+					if session.outputBuffer.Len() >= maxOutputBufferSize {
+						if !session.outputTruncated {
+							session.outputBuffer.WriteString(outputTruncateMarker)
+							session.outputTruncated = true
+						}
+					} else {
+						session.outputBuffer.Write(buf[:n])
+					}
+					session.mu.Unlock()
+				}
+				if err != nil {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Read stderr
+			for {
+				n, err := stderrReader.Read(buf)
+				if n > 0 {
+					session.mu.Lock()
+					if session.outputBuffer.Len() >= maxOutputBufferSize {
+						if !session.outputTruncated {
+							session.outputBuffer.WriteString(outputTruncateMarker)
+							session.outputTruncated = true
+						}
+					} else {
+						session.outputBuffer.Write(buf[:n])
+					}
+					session.mu.Unlock()
+				}
+				if err != nil {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+
+			// All pipes closed, get exit status
+			if stdinWriter != nil {
+				stdinWriter.Close()
+			}
+			cmd.Wait()
+
+			session.mu.Lock()
+			if cmd.ProcessState != nil {
+				session.ExitCode = cmd.ProcessState.ExitCode()
+			}
+			session.Status = "done"
+			session.mu.Unlock()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	resp := ExecResponse{
+		SessionID: sessionID,
+		Status:    "running",
+	}
+	data, _ := json.Marshal(resp)
+	return &ToolResult{
+		ForLLM:  string(data),
+		ForUser: fmt.Sprintf("Session %s started", sessionID),
+		IsError: false,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *ExecTool) executeList() *ToolResult {
+	sessions := t.sessionManager.List()
+	resp := ExecResponse{
+		Sessions: sessions,
+	}
+	data, _ := json.Marshal(resp)
+	return &ToolResult{
+		ForLLM:  string(data),
+		ForUser: fmt.Sprintf("%d active sessions", len(sessions)),
+		IsError: false,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *ExecTool) executePoll(args map[string]any) *ToolResult {
+	sessionID, ok := args["sessionId"].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return ErrorResult("sessionId is required")
+	}
+
+	session, err := t.sessionManager.Get(sessionID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrSessionNotFound) {
+			return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("session not found: %s", sessionID))
+		}
+		return ErrorResult(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	resp := ExecResponse{
+		SessionID: sessionID,
+		Status:    session.GetStatus(),
+		ExitCode:  session.GetExitCode(),
+	}
+	data, _ := json.Marshal(resp)
+	return &ToolResult{
+		ForLLM:  string(data),
+		IsError: false,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *ExecTool) executeRead(args map[string]any) *ToolResult {
+	sessionID, ok := args["sessionId"].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return ErrorResult("sessionId is required")
+	}
+
+	session, err := t.sessionManager.Get(sessionID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrSessionNotFound) {
+			return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("session not found: %s", sessionID))
+		}
+		return ErrorResult(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	output := session.Read()
+
+	resp := ExecResponse{
+		SessionID: sessionID,
+		Output:    output,
+		Status:    session.GetStatus(),
+	}
+	data, _ := json.Marshal(resp)
+	return &ToolResult{
+		ForLLM:  string(data),
+		IsError: false,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *ExecTool) executeWrite(args map[string]any) *ToolResult {
+	sessionID, ok := args["sessionId"].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return ErrorResult("sessionId is required")
+	}
+
+	data, ok := args["data"].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return ErrorResult("data is required")
+	}
+
+	session, err := t.sessionManager.Get(sessionID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrSessionNotFound) {
+			return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("session not found: %s", sessionID))
+		}
+		return ErrorResult(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if session.IsDone() {
+		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("process already exited with code %d", session.GetExitCode()))
+	}
+
+	if err := session.Write(data); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrSessionDone) {
+			return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("process already exited with code %d", session.GetExitCode()))
+		}
+		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("failed to write to session: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	resp := ExecResponse{
+		SessionID: sessionID,
+		Status:    session.GetStatus(),
+	}
+	respData, _ := json.Marshal(resp)
+	return &ToolResult{
+		ForLLM:  string(respData),
+		IsError: false,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *ExecTool) executeKill(args map[string]any) *ToolResult {
+	sessionID, ok := args["sessionId"].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return ErrorResult("sessionId is required")
+	}
+
+	session, err := t.sessionManager.Get(sessionID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrSessionNotFound) {
+			return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("session not found: %s", sessionID))
+		}
+		return ErrorResult(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if session.IsDone() {
+		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("process already exited with code %d", session.GetExitCode()))
+	}
+
+	if err := session.Kill(); err != nil {
+		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("failed to kill session: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	t.sessionManager.Remove(sessionID)
+
+	resp := ExecResponse{
+		SessionID: sessionID,
+		Status:    "done",
+	}
+	data, _ := json.Marshal(resp)
+	return &ToolResult{
+		ForLLM:  string(data),
+		ForUser: fmt.Sprintf("Session %s killed", sessionID),
+		IsError: false,
+	}
+}
+
+// keyMap maps key names to their escape sequences.
+var keyMap = map[string]string{
+	"enter":     "\r",
+	"return":    "\r",
+	"tab":       "\t",
+	"escape":    "\x1b",
+	"esc":       "\x1b",
+	"space":     " ",
+	"backspace": "\x7f",
+	"bspace":    "\x7f",
+	"up":        "\x1b[A",
+	"down":      "\x1b[B",
+	"right":     "\x1b[C",
+	"left":      "\x1b[D",
+	"home":      "\x1b[1~",
+	"end":       "\x1b[4~",
+	"pageup":    "\x1b[5~",
+	"pagedown":  "\x1b[6~",
+	"pgup":      "\x1b[5~",
+	"pgdn":      "\x1b[6~",
+	"insert":    "\x1b[2~",
+	"ic":        "\x1b[2~",
+	"delete":    "\x1b[3~",
+	"del":       "\x1b[3~",
+	"dc":        "\x1b[3~",
+	"btab":      "\x1b[Z",
+	"f1":        "\x1bOP",
+	"f2":        "\x1bOQ",
+	"f3":        "\x1bOR",
+	"f4":        "\x1bOS",
+	"f5":        "\x1b[15~",
+	"f6":        "\x1b[17~",
+	"f7":        "\x1b[18~",
+	"f8":        "\x1b[19~",
+	"f9":        "\x1b[20~",
+	"f10":       "\x1b[21~",
+	"f11":       "\x1b[23~",
+	"f12":       "\x1b[24~",
+}
+
+// ss3KeysMap maps key names to SS3 escape sequences
+var ss3KeysMap = map[string]string{
+	"up":    "\x1bOA",
+	"down":  "\x1bOB",
+	"right": "\x1bOC",
+	"left":  "\x1bOD",
+	"home":  "\x1bOH",
+	"end":   "\x1bOF",
+}
+
+func detectPtyKeyMode(raw string) PtyKeyMode {
+	const SMKX = "\x1b[?1h"
+	const RMKX = "\x1b[?1l"
+
+	lastSmkx := strings.LastIndex(raw, SMKX)
+	lastRmkx := strings.LastIndex(raw, RMKX)
+
+	if lastSmkx == -1 && lastRmkx == -1 {
+		return PtyKeyModeNotFound
+	}
+
+	if lastSmkx > lastRmkx {
+		return PtyKeyModeSS3
+	}
+	return PtyKeyModeCSI
+}
+
+// encodeKeyToken encodes a single key token into its escape sequence.
+// Supports:
+//   - Named keys: "enter", "tab", "up", "ctrl-c", "alt-x", etc.
+//   - Ctrl modifier: "ctrl-c" or "c-c" (sends Ctrl+char)
+//   - Alt modifier: "alt-x" or "m-x" (sends ESC+char)
+func encodeKeyToken(token string, ptyKeyMode PtyKeyMode) (string, error) {
+	token = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(token))
+	if token == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	// Handle ctrl-X format (c-x)
+	if strings.HasPrefix(token, "c-") {
+		char := token[2]
+		if char >= 'a' && char <= 'z' {
+			return string(rune(char) & 0x1f), nil // ctrl-a through ctrl-z
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid ctrl key: %s", token)
+	}
+
+	// Handle ctrl-X format (ctrl-x)
+	if strings.HasPrefix(token, "ctrl-") {
+		char := token[5]
+		if char >= 'a' && char <= 'z' {
+			return string(rune(char) & 0x1f), nil
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid ctrl key: %s", token)
+	}
+
+	// Handle alt-X format (m-x or alt-x)
+	if strings.HasPrefix(token, "m-") || strings.HasPrefix(token, "alt-") {
+		var char string
+		if strings.HasPrefix(token, "m-") {
+			char = token[2:]
+		} else {
+			char = token[4:]
+		}
+		if len(char) == 1 {
+			return "\x1b" + char, nil
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid alt key: %s", token)
+	}
+
+	// Handle shift modifier for special keys (shift-up, shift-down, etc.)
+	if strings.HasPrefix(token, "s-") || strings.HasPrefix(token, "shift-") {
+		var key string
+		if strings.HasPrefix(token, "s-") {
+			key = token[2:]
+		} else {
+			key = token[6:]
+		}
+		// Apply shift modifier: for single-char keys, return uppercase
+		if seq, ok := keyMap[key]; ok {
+			// For escape sequences, we can't easily add shift
+			// For single-char keys (letters), return uppercase
+			if len(seq) == 1 {
+				return strings.ToUpper(seq), nil
+			}
+			return seq, nil
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("unknown key with shift: %s", key)
+	}
+
+	if ptyKeyMode == PtyKeyModeSS3 {
+		if seq, ok := ss3KeysMap[token]; ok {
+			return seq, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	if seq, ok := keyMap[token]; ok {
+		return seq, nil
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("unknown key: %s (use write action for text input)", token)
+}
+
+// encodeKeySequence encodes a slice of key tokens into a single string.
+func encodeKeySequence(tokens []string, ptyKeyMode PtyKeyMode) (string, error) {
+	var result string
+	for _, token := range tokens {
+		seq, err := encodeKeyToken(token, ptyKeyMode)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		result += seq
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (t *ExecTool) executeSendKeys(args map[string]any) *ToolResult {
+	sessionID, ok := args["sessionId"].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return ErrorResult("sessionId is required")
+	}
+
+	keysStr, ok := args["keys"].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return ErrorResult("keys must be a string")
+	}
+
+	if keysStr == "" {
+		return ErrorResult("keys cannot be empty")
+	}
+
+	// Parse comma-separated key names
+	keyNames := strings.Split(keysStr, ",")
+	var keys []string
+	for _, k := range keyNames {
+		k = strings.TrimSpace(k)
+		if k != "" {
+			keys = append(keys, k)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(keys) == 0 {
+		return ErrorResult("keys cannot be empty")
+	}
+
+	session, err := t.sessionManager.Get(sessionID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrSessionNotFound) {
+			return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("session not found: %s", sessionID))
+		}
+		return ErrorResult(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	ptyKeyMode := session.GetPtyKeyMode()
+
+	data, err := encodeKeySequence(keys, ptyKeyMode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("invalid key: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	if session.IsDone() {
+		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("process already exited with code %d", session.GetExitCode()))
+	}
+
+	if err := session.Write(data); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrSessionDone) {
+			return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("process already exited with code %d", session.GetExitCode()))
+		}
+		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("failed to send keys: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	resp := ExecResponse{
+		SessionID: sessionID,
+		Status:    "running",
+		Output:    fmt.Sprintf("Sent keys: %v", keys),
+	}
+	respData, _ := json.Marshal(resp)
+	return &ToolResult{
+		ForLLM:  string(respData),
+		IsError: false,
+	}
+}
+
 func (t *ExecTool) guardCommand(command, cwd string) string {
 	cmd := strings.TrimSpace(command)
 	lower := strings.ToLower(cmd)
diff --git a/pkg/tools/shell_test.go b/pkg/tools/shell_test.go
index f8f83ea74..a8de2f4c9 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/shell_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/shell_test.go
@@ -2,12 +2,16 @@ package tools
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 )
 
@@ -20,6 +24,7 @@ func TestShellTool_Success(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	args := map[string]any{
+		"action":  "run",
 		"command": "echo 'hello world'",
 	}
 
@@ -50,6 +55,7 @@ func TestShellTool_Failure(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	args := map[string]any{
+		"action":  "run",
 		"command": "ls /nonexistent_directory_12345",
 	}
 
@@ -82,6 +88,7 @@ func TestShellTool_Timeout(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	args := map[string]any{
+		"action":  "run",
 		"command": "sleep 10",
 	}
 
@@ -112,8 +119,9 @@ func TestShellTool_WorkingDir(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	args := map[string]any{
-		"command":     "cat test.txt",
-		"working_dir": tmpDir,
+		"action":  "run",
+		"command": "cat test.txt",
+		"cwd":     tmpDir,
 	}
 
 	result := tool.Execute(ctx, args)
@@ -136,6 +144,7 @@ func TestShellTool_DangerousCommand(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	args := map[string]any{
+		"action":  "run",
 		"command": "rm -rf /",
 	}
 
@@ -159,6 +168,7 @@ func TestShellTool_DangerousCommand_KillBlocked(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	args := map[string]any{
+		"action":  "run",
 		"command": "kill 12345",
 	}
 
@@ -198,6 +208,7 @@ func TestShellTool_StderrCapture(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	args := map[string]any{
+		"action":  "run",
 		"command": "sh -c 'echo stdout; echo stderr >&2'",
 	}
 
@@ -222,6 +233,7 @@ func TestShellTool_OutputTruncation(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	// Generate long output (>10000 chars)
 	args := map[string]any{
+		"action":  "run",
 		"command": "python3 -c \"print('x' * 20000)\" || echo " + strings.Repeat("x", 20000),
 	}
 
@@ -251,8 +263,9 @@ func TestShellTool_WorkingDir_OutsideWorkspace(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{
-		"command":     "pwd",
-		"working_dir": outsideDir,
+		"action":  "run",
+		"command": "pwd",
+		"cwd":     outsideDir,
 	})
 
 	if !result.IsError {
@@ -289,8 +302,9 @@ func TestShellTool_WorkingDir_SymlinkEscape(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{
-		"command":     "cat secret.txt",
-		"working_dir": link,
+		"action":  "run",
+		"command": "cat secret.txt",
+		"cwd":     link,
 	})
 
 	if !result.IsError {
@@ -312,7 +326,7 @@ func TestShellTool_RemoteChannelBlockedByDefault(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("NewExecToolWithConfig() error: %v", err)
 	}
 	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "telegram", "chat-1")
-	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{"command": "echo hi"})
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{"action": "run", "command": "echo hi"})
 
 	if !result.IsError {
 		t.Fatal("expected remote-channel exec to be blocked")
@@ -333,7 +347,7 @@ func TestShellTool_InternalChannelAllowed(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("NewExecToolWithConfig() error: %v", err)
 	}
 	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "direct")
-	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{"command": "echo hi"})
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{"action": "run", "command": "echo hi"})
 
 	if result.IsError {
 		t.Fatalf("expected internal channel exec to succeed, got: %s", result.ForLLM)
@@ -373,7 +387,7 @@ func TestShellTool_AllowRemoteBypassesChannelCheck(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("NewExecToolWithConfig() error: %v", err)
 	}
 	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "telegram", "chat-1")
-	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{"command": "echo hi"})
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{"action": "run", "command": "echo hi"})
 
 	if result.IsError {
 		t.Fatalf("expected allowRemote=true to permit remote channel, got: %s", result.ForLLM)
@@ -392,6 +406,7 @@ func TestShellTool_RestrictToWorkspace(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	args := map[string]any{
+		"action":  "run",
 		"command": "cat ../../etc/passwd",
 	}
 
@@ -429,7 +444,7 @@ func TestShellTool_DevNullAllowed(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, cmd := range commands {
-		result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{"command": cmd})
+		result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{"action": "run", "command": cmd})
 		if result.IsError && strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "blocked") {
 			t.Errorf("command should not be blocked: %s\n  error: %s", cmd, result.ForLLM)
 		}
@@ -458,7 +473,7 @@ func TestShellTool_BlockDevices(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, cmd := range blocked {
-		result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{"command": cmd})
+		result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{"action": "run", "command": cmd})
 		if !result.IsError {
 			t.Errorf("expected block device write to be blocked: %s", cmd)
 		}
@@ -482,7 +497,7 @@ func TestShellTool_SafePathsInWorkspaceRestriction(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, cmd := range commands {
-		result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{"command": cmd})
+		result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{"action": "run", "command": cmd})
 		if result.IsError && strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "path outside working dir") {
 			t.Errorf("safe path should not be blocked by workspace check: %s\n  error: %s", cmd, result.ForLLM)
 		}
@@ -498,6 +513,7 @@ func TestShellTool_ExitCodeDetails(t *testing.T) {
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	args := map[string]any{
+		"action":  "run",
 		"command": "sh -c 'exit 42'",
 	}
 
@@ -534,6 +550,7 @@ func TestShellTool_TimeoutWithPartialOutput(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	// Use a command that outputs immediately then sleeps
 	args := map[string]any{
+		"action":  "run",
 		"command": "echo 'partial output before timeout' && sleep 30",
 	}
 
@@ -608,7 +625,9 @@ func TestShellTool_URLsNotBlocked(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, cmd := range commands {
-		result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{"command": cmd})
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
+		result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{"action": "run", "command": cmd})
+		cancel()
 		if result.IsError && strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "path outside working dir") {
 			t.Errorf("command with URL should not be blocked by workspace check: %s\n  error: %s", cmd, result.ForLLM)
 		}
@@ -633,7 +652,7 @@ func TestShellTool_FileURISandboxing(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, cmd := range blockedCommands {
-		result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{"command": cmd})
+		result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{"action": "run", "command": cmd})
 		if !result.IsError || !strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "path outside working dir") {
 			t.Errorf("file:// URI outside workspace should be blocked: %s", cmd)
 		}
@@ -651,7 +670,7 @@ func TestShellTool_FileURISandboxing(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, cmd := range allowedCommands {
-		result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{"command": cmd})
+		result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{"action": "run", "command": cmd})
 		if result.IsError && strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "path outside working dir") {
 			t.Errorf("file:// URI inside workspace should be allowed: %s\n  error: %s", cmd, result.ForLLM)
 		}
@@ -677,9 +696,920 @@ func TestShellTool_URLBypassPrevented(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, cmd := range blockedCommands {
-		result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{"command": cmd})
+		result := tool.Execute(context.Background(), map[string]any{"action": "run", "command": cmd})
 		if !result.IsError || !strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "path outside working dir") {
 			t.Errorf("bypass attempt should be blocked: %q\n  got: %s", cmd, result.ForLLM)
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestShellTool_Background_ReturnsImmediately(t *testing.T) {
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	args := map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "sleep 5",
+		"background": "true",
+	}
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, args)
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	require.False(t, result.IsError, "background run should not error: %s", result.ForLLM)
+	require.Less(t, elapsed, time.Second, "background run should return immediately")
+	require.Contains(t, result.ForLLM, "sessionId")
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_List_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	args := map[string]any{"action": "list"}
+
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, args)
+	require.False(t, result.IsError)
+	require.Contains(t, result.ForUser, "0 active sessions")
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_RunBackground_List(t *testing.T) {
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	runResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "sleep 10",
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, runResult.IsError, "run should succeed: %s", runResult.ForLLM)
+
+	var resp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(runResult.ForLLM), &resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, resp.SessionID)
+
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	listResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{"action": "list"})
+	require.False(t, listResult.IsError)
+
+	var listResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(listResult.ForLLM), &listResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, listResp.Sessions, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, resp.SessionID, listResp.Sessions[0].ID)
+
+	killResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "kill",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, killResult.IsError, "kill should succeed: %s", killResult.ForLLM)
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_Read_Output(t *testing.T) {
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	runResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "echo hello",
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, runResult.IsError)
+
+	var resp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(runResult.ForLLM), &resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	readResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "read",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+
+	if !readResult.IsError {
+		var readResp ExecResponse
+		err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(readResult.ForLLM), &readResp)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_Kill(t *testing.T) {
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	runResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "sleep 100",
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, runResult.IsError)
+
+	var resp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(runResult.ForLLM), &resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	killResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "kill",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, killResult.IsError, "kill should succeed: %s", killResult.ForLLM)
+
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	listResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{"action": "list"})
+	var listResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(listResult.ForLLM), &listResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, listResp.Sessions, 0)
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_PTY_AllowedCommands(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("PTY not supported on Windows")
+	}
+
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	// Test that PTY is allowed for non-interpreter commands
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "cat",
+		"pty":        "true",
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, result.IsError, "PTY with cat should succeed: %s", result.ForLLM)
+	require.Contains(t, result.ForLLM, "sessionId")
+
+	var resp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(result.ForLLM), &resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, resp.SessionID)
+
+	// Clean up
+	tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "kill",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_PTY_WriteRead(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("PTY not supported on Windows")
+	}
+
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	// Start a PTY session with a command that waits for input
+	// Using 'cat' which will wait for stdin
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "cat",
+		"pty":        "true",
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, result.IsError, "PTY run should succeed: %s", result.ForLLM)
+
+	var resp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(result.ForLLM), &resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Write some input to cat
+	writeResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "write",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+		"data":      "hello\n",
+	})
+	require.False(t, writeResult.IsError, "write should succeed: %s", writeResult.ForLLM)
+
+	// Give cat time to process and output
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Read the output
+	readResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "read",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+
+	require.False(t, readResult.IsError, "read should succeed: %s", readResult.ForLLM)
+
+	var readResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(readResult.ForLLM), &readResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// PTY output should contain "hello"
+	require.Contains(t, readResp.Output, "hello")
+
+	// Clean up
+	tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "kill",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_PTY_Poll(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("PTY not supported on Windows")
+	}
+
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	// Start a PTY session with a long-running command
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "sleep 2",
+		"pty":        "true",
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, result.IsError, "PTY run should succeed: %s", result.ForLLM)
+
+	var resp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(result.ForLLM), &resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Poll should show running
+	pollResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "poll",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, pollResult.IsError, "poll should succeed: %s", pollResult.ForLLM)
+
+	var pollResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(pollResult.ForLLM), &pollResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "running", pollResp.Status)
+
+	// Wait for sleep to complete
+	time.Sleep(2500 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Poll should show done
+	pollResult = tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "poll",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, pollResult.IsError)
+
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(pollResult.ForLLM), &pollResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "done", pollResp.Status)
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_PTY_Kill(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("PTY not supported on Windows")
+	}
+
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	// Start a PTY session with a long-running command
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "sleep 10",
+		"pty":        "true",
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, result.IsError, "PTY run should succeed: %s", result.ForLLM)
+
+	var resp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(result.ForLLM), &resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Kill the session
+	killResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "kill",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, killResult.IsError, "kill should succeed: %s", killResult.ForLLM)
+
+	// Verify kill response shows done status
+	var killResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(killResult.ForLLM), &killResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "done", killResp.Status)
+
+	// Poll should return error since session is removed after kill
+	pollResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "poll",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	// Session is removed after kill, so poll returns error with "session not found"
+	require.True(t, pollResult.IsError, "poll should error after kill (session removed)")
+	require.Contains(t, pollResult.ForLLM, "session not found")
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_Write_Read_NonPTY(t *testing.T) {
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	// Start a background process that reads from stdin and outputs it
+	// Using 'cat' which echoes stdin to stdout
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "cat",
+		"pty":        false,
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, result.IsError, "run should succeed: %s", result.ForLLM)
+
+	var resp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(result.ForLLM), &resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Write some input to cat
+	writeResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "write",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+		"data":      "hello world\n",
+	})
+	require.False(t, writeResult.IsError, "write should succeed: %s", writeResult.ForLLM)
+
+	// Give cat time to process and output
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Read the output
+	readResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "read",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, readResult.IsError, "read should succeed: %s", readResult.ForLLM)
+
+	var readResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(readResult.ForLLM), &readResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, readResp.Output, "hello world")
+
+	// Clean up
+	tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "kill",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_Read_NonPTY_Running(t *testing.T) {
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	// Start a long-running process that produces output over time
+	// Using sh -c with sleep at the end so process doesn't exit immediately
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "sh -c 'echo line1; sleep 0.5; echo line2; sleep 0.5; echo line3; sleep 10'",
+		"pty":        false,
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, result.IsError, "run should succeed: %s", result.ForLLM)
+
+	var resp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(result.ForLLM), &resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Give time for first outputs to be produced
+	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Read output while process is running
+	readResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "read",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, readResult.IsError, "read should succeed: %s", readResult.ForLLM)
+
+	var readResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(readResult.ForLLM), &readResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// Should have at least line1
+	require.Contains(t, readResp.Output, "line1")
+
+	// Wait for line3 to be produced (line1=0s, line2=0.5s, line3=1s, then sleep 10)
+	time.Sleep(1200 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Read again - should have line3 as well
+	readResult = tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "read",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, readResult.IsError, "read should succeed: %s", readResult.ForLLM)
+
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(readResult.ForLLM), &readResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, readResp.Output, "line3")
+
+	// Clean up
+	tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "kill",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_ProcessGroupKill(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("Process group kill not supported on Windows")
+	}
+
+	// Note: Testing process group kill with PTY is tricky because the command
+	// must be run through an interpreter (sh, bash) which is blocked for PTY.
+	// Instead, we test with non-PTY mode which also uses Setsid for background processes.
+
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	// Start a shell that spawns child processes (non-PTY mode)
+	// The sh -c command creates child sleep processes
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "sh -c 'sleep 30 & sleep 30 & wait'",
+		"pty":        false,
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, result.IsError, "run should succeed: %s", result.ForLLM)
+
+	var resp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(result.ForLLM), &resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Give time for child processes to spawn
+	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Kill the session - should kill the entire process group
+	killResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "kill",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, killResult.IsError, "kill should succeed: %s", killResult.ForLLM)
+
+	// Verify kill response shows done status
+	var killResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(killResult.ForLLM), &killResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "done", killResp.Status)
+
+	// Poll should return error since session is removed after kill
+	pollResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "poll",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.True(t, pollResult.IsError, "poll should error after kill (session removed)")
+	require.Contains(t, pollResult.ForLLM, "session not found")
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_PTY_ProcessGroupKill(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("PTY process group kill not supported on Windows")
+	}
+
+	// This test binary creates 4 child sleep processes and waits for signals.
+	// It's not an interpreter, so it's allowed with PTY mode.
+	// The binary is created in /tmp/test_pgroup.c and compiled as part of test setup.
+	testBinary := "/tmp/test_pgroup"
+	if _, err := os.Stat(testBinary); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Skip("Test binary /tmp/test_pgroup not found - run: gcc -o /tmp/test_pgroup /tmp/test_pgroup.c")
+	}
+
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	// Start the test binary with PTY mode
+	// It forks 4 child sleep processes and waits for signals
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    testBinary,
+		"pty":        "true",
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, result.IsError, "run should succeed: %s", result.ForLLM)
+
+	var resp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(result.ForLLM), &resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Give time for child processes to spawn
+	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Kill the session - should kill the entire process group
+	killResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "kill",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, killResult.IsError, "kill should succeed: %s", killResult.ForLLM)
+
+	// Verify kill response shows done status
+	var killResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(killResult.ForLLM), &killResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "done", killResp.Status)
+
+	// Poll should return error since session is removed after kill
+	pollResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "poll",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.True(t, pollResult.IsError, "poll should error after kill (session removed)")
+	require.Contains(t, pollResult.ForLLM, "session not found")
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_PTY_Background_Read(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("PTY not supported on Windows")
+	}
+
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	// Start a fast command with PTY + background mode
+	runResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "echo hello",
+		"pty":        "true",
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, runResult.IsError, "run should succeed: %s", runResult.ForLLM)
+
+	var runResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(runResult.ForLLM), &runResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, runResp.SessionID)
+	require.Equal(t, "running", runResp.Status)
+
+	// Wait for command to complete
+	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Read output - this is the key test: PTY + background mode should preserve output
+	readResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "read",
+		"sessionId": runResp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, readResult.IsError, "read should succeed: %s", readResult.ForLLM)
+	require.Contains(t, readResult.ForLLM, "hello", "output should contain 'hello'")
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_PTY_Background_ReadNoBlock(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("PTY not supported on Windows")
+	}
+
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	// Start a long-running command with PTY + background mode
+	// This command produces no output, just sleeps
+	runResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "sleep 10",
+		"pty":        "true",
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, runResult.IsError, "run should succeed: %s", runResult.ForLLM)
+
+	var runResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(runResult.ForLLM), &runResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, runResp.SessionID)
+
+	// Read immediately - should NOT block even though process is running and has no output
+	// This tests that Read() returns quickly (within 1 second) instead of blocking for 10 seconds
+	start := time.Now()
+	readResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "read",
+		"sessionId": runResp.SessionID,
+	})
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	require.False(t, readResult.IsError, "read should succeed: %s", readResult.ForLLM)
+	require.Less(t, elapsed.Seconds(), 1.0, "read should not block, should return within 1 second")
+
+	// Kill the session to clean up
+	killResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "kill",
+		"sessionId": runResp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, killResult.IsError, "kill should succeed: %s", killResult.ForLLM)
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_Poll_Status(t *testing.T) {
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sm := NewSessionManager()
+	tool.sessionManager = sm
+
+	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "test")
+
+	runResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "sleep 1",
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, runResult.IsError)
+
+	var resp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(runResult.ForLLM), &resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pollResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "poll",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, pollResult.IsError)
+
+	var pollResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(pollResult.ForLLM), &pollResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "running", pollResp.Status)
+
+	time.Sleep(1200 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	pollResult = tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "poll",
+		"sessionId": resp.SessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, pollResult.IsError)
+
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(pollResult.ForLLM), &pollResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "done", pollResp.Status)
+}
+
+func TestShellTool_Action_Run_Sync(t *testing.T) {
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	result := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":  "run",
+		"command": "echo hello",
+	})
+
+	require.False(t, result.IsError)
+	require.Contains(t, result.ForLLM, "hello")
+}
+
+// TestShellTool_Background_ReadAfterExit verifies that we can read
+// buffered output even after the background process has exited.
+func TestShellTool_Background_ReadAfterExit(t *testing.T) {
+	tool, err := NewExecTool("", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Start a background command that produces output and exits quickly
+	runResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":     "run",
+		"command":    "echo hello && sleep 1 && echo world",
+		"background": "true",
+	})
+	require.False(t, runResult.IsError, "run should succeed: %s", runResult.ForUser)
+
+	// Parse session ID from response
+	var resp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(runResult.ForLLM), &resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, resp.SessionID)
+	sessionID := resp.SessionID
+
+	// Wait for process to exit (sleep 1 + some buffer)
+	time.Sleep(1500 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Poll to verify process is done
+	pollResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "poll",
+		"sessionId": sessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, pollResult.IsError, "poll should succeed: %s", pollResult.ForLLM)
+	var pollResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(pollResult.ForLLM), &pollResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "done", pollResp.Status, "process should be done")
+
+	// Try to read output AFTER process has exited
+	readResult := tool.Execute(ctx, map[string]any{
+		"action":    "read",
+		"sessionId": sessionID,
+	})
+	require.False(t, readResult.IsError, "read should succeed after exit: %s", readResult.ForLLM)
+
+	var readResp ExecResponse
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(readResult.ForLLM), &readResp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Output should contain both "hello" and "world"
+	require.Contains(t, readResp.Output, "hello", "should contain hello")
+	require.Contains(t, readResp.Output, "world", "should contain world after sleep")
+}
+
+func TestSendKeys_CtrlC(t *testing.T) {
+	// Note: Ctrl-C as a signal requires sending SIGINT to the process group,
+	// which requires elevated privileges. Writing "\x03" to PTY passes the byte
+	// to the process but doesn't generate SIGINT for processes that don't read stdin.
+	// For interrupting processes, use the kill action instead.
+	t.Skip("Ctrl-C as signal not supported - use kill action for interruption")
+}
+
+func TestEncodeKeyToken(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		token    string
+		expected string
+		hasError bool
+	}{
+		// Named keys
+		{"enter", "\r", false},
+		{"return", "\r", false},
+		{"tab", "\t", false},
+		{"escape", "\x1b", false},
+		{"esc", "\x1b", false},
+		{"backspace", "\x7f", false},
+		{"up", "\x1b[A", false},
+		{"down", "\x1b[B", false},
+		{"left", "\x1b[D", false},
+		{"right", "\x1b[C", false},
+		{"home", "\x1b[1~", false},
+		{"end", "\x1b[4~", false},
+		{"pageup", "\x1b[5~", false},
+		{"pagedown", "\x1b[6~", false},
+		{"delete", "\x1b[3~", false},
+		{"f1", "\x1bOP", false},
+		{"f12", "\x1b[24~", false},
+
+		// Ctrl keys
+		{"ctrl-c", "\x03", false},
+		{"ctrl-d", "\x04", false},
+		{"ctrl-a", "\x01", false},
+		{"ctrl-z", "\x1a", false},
+		{"c-c", "\x03", false},
+		{"c-d", "\x04", false},
+
+		// Alt keys
+		{"alt-x", "\x1bx", false},
+		{"m-x", "\x1bx", false},
+
+		// Case insensitive tests
+		{"ENTER", "\r", false},
+		{"TAB", "\t", false},
+		{"CTRL-C", "\x03", false},
+		{"Ctrl-D", "\x04", false},
+		{"ALT-X", "\x1bx", false},
+		{"M-X", "\x1bx", false},
+		{"UP", "\x1b[A", false},
+		{"DOWN", "\x1b[B", false},
+
+		// Unknown keys should return error (use write action for text input)
+		{"unknown-key", "", true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.token, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := encodeKeyToken(tt.token, PtyKeyModeCSI)
+			if tt.hasError {
+				require.Error(t, err, "expected error for %s", tt.token)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err, "unexpected error for %s", tt.token)
+				require.Equal(t, tt.expected, result, "wrong encoding for %s", tt.token)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDetectPtyKeyMode tests smkx/rmkx detection in PTY output
+func TestDetectPtyKeyMode(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		raw      string
+		expected PtyKeyMode
+	}{
+		{"no toggle", "hello world", PtyKeyModeNotFound},
+		{"smkx only", "\x1b[?1h\x1b=", PtyKeyModeSS3},
+		{"rmkx only", "\x1b[?1l\x1b>", PtyKeyModeCSI},
+		{"both smkx first", "\x1b[?1h\x1b=...\x1b[?1l\x1b>", PtyKeyModeCSI},
+		{"both rmkx first", "\x1b[?1l\x1b>...\x1b[?1h\x1b=", PtyKeyModeSS3},
+		{"multiple toggles smkx last", "\x1b[?1h\x1b=...\x1b[?1l\x1b>...\x1b[?1h\x1b=", PtyKeyModeSS3},
+		{"multiple toggles rmkx last", "\x1b[?1l\x1b>...\x1b[?1h\x1b=...\x1b[?1l\x1b>", PtyKeyModeCSI},
+		{"partial smkx", "\x1b[?1h", PtyKeyModeSS3},
+		{"partial rmkx", "\x1b[?1l", PtyKeyModeCSI},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := detectPtyKeyMode(tt.raw)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.expected, result, "wrong mode for %s", tt.name)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncodeKeyTokenWithPtyKeyMode(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		token    string
+		mode     PtyKeyMode
+		expected string
+		hasError bool
+	}{
+		// CSI mode
+		{"up csi", "up", PtyKeyModeCSI, "\x1b[A", false},
+		{"down csi", "down", PtyKeyModeCSI, "\x1b[B", false},
+		{"left csi", "left", PtyKeyModeCSI, "\x1b[D", false},
+		{"right csi", "right", PtyKeyModeCSI, "\x1b[C", false},
+
+		// SS3 mode
+		{"up ss3", "up", PtyKeyModeSS3, "\x1bOA", false},
+		{"down ss3", "down", PtyKeyModeSS3, "\x1bOB", false},
+		{"left ss3", "left", PtyKeyModeSS3, "\x1bOD", false},
+		{"right ss3", "right", PtyKeyModeSS3, "\x1bOC", false},
+		{"home ss3", "home", PtyKeyModeSS3, "\x1bOH", false},
+		{"end ss3", "end", PtyKeyModeSS3, "\x1bOF", false},
+
+		// Other keys unaffected by mode
+		{"enter ss3", "enter", PtyKeyModeSS3, "\r", false},
+		{"tab ss3", "tab", PtyKeyModeSS3, "\t", false},
+		{"ctrl-c ss3", "ctrl-c", PtyKeyModeSS3, "\x03", false},
+
+		// NotFound behaves like CSI
+		{"up notfound", "up", PtyKeyModeNotFound, "\x1b[A", false},
+		{"down notfound", "down", PtyKeyModeNotFound, "\x1b[B", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := encodeKeyToken(tt.token, tt.mode)
+			if tt.hasError {
+				require.Error(t, err, "expected error for %s", tt.name)
+			} else {
+				require.NoError(t, err, "unexpected error for %s", tt.name)
+				require.Equal(t, tt.expected, result, "wrong encoding for %s", tt.name)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/shell_timeout_unix_test.go b/pkg/tools/shell_timeout_unix_test.go
index 357e1276e..dfd28454c 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/shell_timeout_unix_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/shell_timeout_unix_test.go
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ func TestShellTool_TimeoutKillsChildProcess(t *testing.T) {
 	tool.SetTimeout(500 * time.Millisecond)
 
 	args := map[string]any{
+		"action": "run",
 		// Spawn a child process that would outlive the shell unless process-group kill is used.
 		"command": "sleep 60 & echo $! > child.pid; wait",
 	}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/spawn.go b/pkg/tools/spawn.go
index be40ffda2..d019d511a 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/spawn.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/spawn.go
@@ -7,7 +7,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 type SpawnTool struct {
-	manager        *SubagentManager
+	spawner        SubTurnSpawner
+	defaultModel   string
+	maxTokens      int
+	temperature    float64
 	allowlistCheck func(targetAgentID string) bool
 }
 
@@ -15,9 +18,19 @@ type SpawnTool struct {
 var _ AsyncExecutor = (*SpawnTool)(nil)
 
 func NewSpawnTool(manager *SubagentManager) *SpawnTool {
-	return &SpawnTool{
-		manager: manager,
+	if manager == nil {
+		return &SpawnTool{}
 	}
+	return &SpawnTool{
+		defaultModel: manager.defaultModel,
+		maxTokens:    manager.maxTokens,
+		temperature:  manager.temperature,
+	}
+}
+
+// SetSpawner sets the SubTurnSpawner for direct sub-turn execution.
+func (t *SpawnTool) SetSpawner(spawner SubTurnSpawner) {
+	t.spawner = spawner
 }
 
 func (t *SpawnTool) Name() string {
@@ -59,11 +72,19 @@ func (t *SpawnTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *ToolResul
 
 // ExecuteAsync implements AsyncExecutor. The callback is passed through to the
 // subagent manager as a call parameter — never stored on the SpawnTool instance.
-func (t *SpawnTool) ExecuteAsync(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any, cb AsyncCallback) *ToolResult {
+func (t *SpawnTool) ExecuteAsync(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	args map[string]any,
+	cb AsyncCallback,
+) *ToolResult {
 	return t.execute(ctx, args, cb)
 }
 
-func (t *SpawnTool) execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any, cb AsyncCallback) *ToolResult {
+func (t *SpawnTool) execute(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	args map[string]any,
+	cb AsyncCallback,
+) *ToolResult {
 	task, ok := args["task"].(string)
 	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(task) == "" {
 		return ErrorResult("task is required and must be a non-empty string")
@@ -79,28 +100,53 @@ func (t *SpawnTool) execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any, cb AsyncCa
 		}
 	}
 
-	if t.manager == nil {
-		return ErrorResult("Subagent manager not configured")
+	// Build system prompt for spawned subagent
+	systemPrompt := fmt.Sprintf(
+		`You are a spawned subagent running in the background. Complete the given task independently and report back when done.
+
+Task: %s`,
+		task,
+	)
+
+	if label != "" {
+		systemPrompt = fmt.Sprintf(
+			`You are a spawned subagent labeled "%s" running in the background. Complete the given task independently and report back when done.
+
+Task: %s`,
+			label,
+			task,
+		)
 	}
 
-	// Read channel/chatID from context (injected by registry).
-	// Fall back to "cli"/"direct" for non-conversation callers (e.g., CLI, tests)
-	// to preserve the same defaults as the original NewSpawnTool constructor.
-	channel := ToolChannel(ctx)
-	if channel == "" {
-		channel = "cli"
-	}
-	chatID := ToolChatID(ctx)
-	if chatID == "" {
-		chatID = "direct"
+	// Use spawner if available (direct SpawnSubTurn call)
+	if t.spawner != nil {
+		// Launch async sub-turn in goroutine
+		go func() {
+			result, err := t.spawner.SpawnSubTurn(ctx, SubTurnConfig{
+				Model:        t.defaultModel,
+				Tools:        nil, // Will inherit from parent via context
+				SystemPrompt: systemPrompt,
+				MaxTokens:    t.maxTokens,
+				Temperature:  t.temperature,
+				Async:        true, // Async execution
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				result = ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("Spawn failed: %v", err)).WithError(err)
+			}
+
+			// Call callback if provided
+			if cb != nil {
+				cb(ctx, result)
+			}
+		}()
+
+		// Return immediate acknowledgment
+		if label != "" {
+			return AsyncResult(fmt.Sprintf("Spawned subagent '%s' for task: %s", label, task))
+		}
+		return AsyncResult(fmt.Sprintf("Spawned subagent for task: %s", task))
 	}
 
-	// Pass callback to manager for async completion notification
-	result, err := t.manager.Spawn(ctx, task, label, agentID, channel, chatID, cb)
-	if err != nil {
-		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("failed to spawn subagent: %v", err))
-	}
-
-	// Return AsyncResult since the task runs in background
-	return AsyncResult(result)
+	// Fallback: spawner not configured
+	return ErrorResult("Subagent manager not configured")
 }
diff --git a/pkg/tools/spawn_test.go b/pkg/tools/spawn_test.go
index 43223b8db..fda6bbd89 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/spawn_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/spawn_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,24 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
+// mockSpawner implements SubTurnSpawner for testing
+type mockSpawner struct{}
+
+func (m *mockSpawner) SpawnSubTurn(ctx context.Context, cfg SubTurnConfig) (*ToolResult, error) {
+	// Extract task from system prompt for response
+	task := cfg.SystemPrompt
+	if strings.Contains(task, "Task: ") {
+		parts := strings.Split(task, "Task: ")
+		if len(parts) > 1 {
+			task = parts[1]
+		}
+	}
+	return &ToolResult{
+		ForLLM:  "Task completed: " + task,
+		ForUser: "Task completed",
+	}, nil
+}
+
 func TestSpawnTool_Execute_EmptyTask(t *testing.T) {
 	provider := &MockLLMProvider{}
 	manager := NewSubagentManager(provider, "test-model", "/tmp/test")
@@ -44,6 +62,7 @@ func TestSpawnTool_Execute_ValidTask(t *testing.T) {
 	provider := &MockLLMProvider{}
 	manager := NewSubagentManager(provider, "test-model", "/tmp/test")
 	tool := NewSpawnTool(manager)
+	tool.SetSpawner(&mockSpawner{})
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	args := map[string]any{
diff --git a/pkg/tools/subagent.go b/pkg/tools/subagent.go
index c37a5ee0f..9a1a8b802 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/subagent.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/subagent.go
@@ -4,11 +4,34 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
 )
 
+// SubTurnSpawner is an interface for spawning sub-turns.
+// This avoids circular dependency between tools and agent packages.
+type SubTurnSpawner interface {
+	SpawnSubTurn(ctx context.Context, cfg SubTurnConfig) (*ToolResult, error)
+}
+
+// SubTurnConfig holds configuration for spawning a sub-turn.
+type SubTurnConfig struct {
+	Model              string
+	Tools              []Tool
+	SystemPrompt       string
+	MaxTokens          int
+	Temperature        float64
+	Async              bool          // true for async (spawn), false for sync (subagent)
+	Critical           bool          // continue running after parent finishes gracefully
+	Timeout            time.Duration // 0 = use default (5 minutes)
+	MaxContextRunes    int           // 0 = auto, -1 = no limit, >0 = explicit limit
+	ActualSystemPrompt string
+	InitialMessages    []providers.Message
+	InitialTokenBudget *atomic.Int64 // Shared token budget for team members; nil if no budget
+}
+
 type SubagentTask struct {
 	ID            string
 	Task          string
@@ -21,6 +44,15 @@ type SubagentTask struct {
 	Created       int64
 }
 
+type SpawnSubTurnFunc func(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	task, label, agentID string,
+	tools *ToolRegistry,
+	maxTokens int,
+	temperature float64,
+	hasMaxTokens, hasTemperature bool,
+) (*ToolResult, error)
+
 type SubagentManager struct {
 	tasks          map[string]*SubagentTask
 	mu             sync.RWMutex
@@ -34,6 +66,7 @@ type SubagentManager struct {
 	hasMaxTokens   bool
 	hasTemperature bool
 	nextID         int
+	spawner        SpawnSubTurnFunc
 }
 
 func NewSubagentManager(
@@ -51,6 +84,12 @@ func NewSubagentManager(
 	}
 }
 
+func (sm *SubagentManager) SetSpawner(spawner SpawnSubTurnFunc) {
+	sm.mu.Lock()
+	defer sm.mu.Unlock()
+	sm.spawner = spawner
+}
+
 // SetLLMOptions sets max tokens and temperature for subagent LLM calls.
 func (sm *SubagentManager) SetLLMOptions(maxTokens int, temperature float64) {
 	sm.mu.Lock()
@@ -108,22 +147,16 @@ func (sm *SubagentManager) Spawn(
 	return fmt.Sprintf("Spawned subagent for task: %s", task), nil
 }
 
-func (sm *SubagentManager) runTask(ctx context.Context, task *SubagentTask, callback AsyncCallback) {
-	// Build system prompt for subagent
-	systemPrompt := `You are a subagent. Complete the given task independently and report the result.
-You have access to tools - use them as needed to complete your task.
-After completing the task, provide a clear summary of what was done.`
-
-	messages := []providers.Message{
-		{
-			Role:    "system",
-			Content: systemPrompt,
-		},
-		{
-			Role:    "user",
-			Content: task.Task,
-		},
-	}
+func (sm *SubagentManager) runTask(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	task *SubagentTask,
+	callback AsyncCallback,
+) {
+	task.Status = "running"
+	task.Created = time.Now().UnixMilli()
+	// TODO(eventbus): once subagents are modeled as child turns inside
+	// pkg/agent, emit SubTurnEnd and SubTurnResultDelivered from the parent
+	// AgentLoop instead of this legacy manager.
 
 	// Check if context is already canceled before starting
 	select {
@@ -136,8 +169,8 @@ After completing the task, provide a clear summary of what was done.`
 	default:
 	}
 
-	// Run tool loop with access to tools
 	sm.mu.RLock()
+	spawner := sm.spawner
 	tools := sm.tools
 	maxIter := sm.maxIterations
 	maxTokens := sm.maxTokens
@@ -146,27 +179,69 @@ After completing the task, provide a clear summary of what was done.`
 	hasTemperature := sm.hasTemperature
 	sm.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	var llmOptions map[string]any
-	if hasMaxTokens || hasTemperature {
-		llmOptions = map[string]any{}
-		if hasMaxTokens {
-			llmOptions["max_tokens"] = maxTokens
+	var result *ToolResult
+	var err error
+
+	if spawner != nil {
+		result, err = spawner(
+			ctx,
+			task.Task,
+			task.Label,
+			task.AgentID,
+			tools,
+			maxTokens,
+			temperature,
+			hasMaxTokens,
+			hasTemperature,
+		)
+	} else {
+		// Fallback to legacy RunToolLoop
+		systemPrompt := `You are a subagent. Complete the given task independently and report the result.
+You have access to tools - use them as needed to complete your task.
+After completing the task, provide a clear summary of what was done.`
+
+		messages := []providers.Message{
+			{Role: "system", Content: systemPrompt},
+			{Role: "user", Content: task.Task},
 		}
-		if hasTemperature {
-			llmOptions["temperature"] = temperature
+
+		var llmOptions map[string]any
+		if hasMaxTokens || hasTemperature {
+			llmOptions = map[string]any{}
+			if hasMaxTokens {
+				llmOptions["max_tokens"] = maxTokens
+			}
+			if hasTemperature {
+				llmOptions["temperature"] = temperature
+			}
+		}
+
+		var loopResult *ToolLoopResult
+		loopResult, err = RunToolLoop(ctx, ToolLoopConfig{
+			Provider:      sm.provider,
+			Model:         sm.defaultModel,
+			Tools:         tools,
+			MaxIterations: maxIter,
+			LLMOptions:    llmOptions,
+		}, messages, task.OriginChannel, task.OriginChatID)
+
+		if err == nil {
+			result = &ToolResult{
+				ForLLM: fmt.Sprintf(
+					"Subagent '%s' completed (iterations: %d): %s",
+					task.Label,
+					loopResult.Iterations,
+					loopResult.Content,
+				),
+				ForUser: loopResult.Content,
+				Silent:  false,
+				IsError: false,
+				Async:   false,
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	loopResult, err := RunToolLoop(ctx, ToolLoopConfig{
-		Provider:      sm.provider,
-		Model:         sm.defaultModel,
-		Tools:         tools,
-		MaxIterations: maxIter,
-		LLMOptions:    llmOptions,
-	}, messages, task.OriginChannel, task.OriginChatID)
-
 	sm.mu.Lock()
-	var result *ToolResult
 	defer func() {
 		sm.mu.Unlock()
 		// Call callback if provided and result is set
@@ -193,19 +268,7 @@ After completing the task, provide a clear summary of what was done.`
 		}
 	} else {
 		task.Status = "completed"
-		task.Result = loopResult.Content
-		result = &ToolResult{
-			ForLLM: fmt.Sprintf(
-				"Subagent '%s' completed (iterations: %d): %s",
-				task.Label,
-				loopResult.Iterations,
-				loopResult.Content,
-			),
-			ForUser: loopResult.Content,
-			Silent:  false,
-			IsError: false,
-			Async:   false,
-		}
+		task.Result = result.ForLLM
 	}
 }
 
@@ -253,16 +316,28 @@ func (sm *SubagentManager) ListTaskCopies() []SubagentTask {
 }
 
 // SubagentTool executes a subagent task synchronously and returns the result.
-// Unlike SpawnTool which runs tasks asynchronously, SubagentTool waits for completion
-// and returns the result directly in the ToolResult.
+// It directly calls SubTurnSpawner with Async=false for synchronous execution.
 type SubagentTool struct {
-	manager *SubagentManager
+	spawner      SubTurnSpawner
+	defaultModel string
+	maxTokens    int
+	temperature  float64
 }
 
 func NewSubagentTool(manager *SubagentManager) *SubagentTool {
-	return &SubagentTool{
-		manager: manager,
+	if manager == nil {
+		return &SubagentTool{}
 	}
+	return &SubagentTool{
+		defaultModel: manager.defaultModel,
+		maxTokens:    manager.maxTokens,
+		temperature:  manager.temperature,
+	}
+}
+
+// SetSpawner sets the SubTurnSpawner for direct sub-turn execution.
+func (t *SubagentTool) SetSpawner(spawner SubTurnSpawner) {
+	t.spawner = spawner
 }
 
 func (t *SubagentTool) Name() string {
@@ -298,86 +373,64 @@ func (t *SubagentTool) Execute(ctx context.Context, args map[string]any) *ToolRe
 
 	label, _ := args["label"].(string)
 
-	if t.manager == nil {
-		return ErrorResult("Subagent manager not configured").WithError(fmt.Errorf("manager is nil"))
+	// Build system prompt for subagent
+	systemPrompt := fmt.Sprintf(
+		`You are a subagent. Complete the given task independently and provide a clear, concise result.
+
+Task: %s`,
+		task,
+	)
+
+	if label != "" {
+		systemPrompt = fmt.Sprintf(
+			`You are a subagent labeled "%s". Complete the given task independently and provide a clear, concise result.
+
+Task: %s`,
+			label,
+			task,
+		)
 	}
 
-	// Build messages for subagent
-	messages := []providers.Message{
-		{
-			Role:    "system",
-			Content: "You are a subagent. Complete the given task independently and provide a clear, concise result.",
-		},
-		{
-			Role:    "user",
-			Content: task,
-		},
-	}
-
-	// Use RunToolLoop to execute with tools (same as async SpawnTool)
-	sm := t.manager
-	sm.mu.RLock()
-	tools := sm.tools
-	maxIter := sm.maxIterations
-	maxTokens := sm.maxTokens
-	temperature := sm.temperature
-	hasMaxTokens := sm.hasMaxTokens
-	hasTemperature := sm.hasTemperature
-	sm.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	var llmOptions map[string]any
-	if hasMaxTokens || hasTemperature {
-		llmOptions = map[string]any{}
-		if hasMaxTokens {
-			llmOptions["max_tokens"] = maxTokens
+	// Use spawner if available (direct SpawnSubTurn call)
+	if t.spawner != nil {
+		result, err := t.spawner.SpawnSubTurn(ctx, SubTurnConfig{
+			Model:        t.defaultModel,
+			Tools:        nil, // Will inherit from parent via context
+			SystemPrompt: systemPrompt,
+			MaxTokens:    t.maxTokens,
+			Temperature:  t.temperature,
+			Async:        false, // Synchronous execution
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("Subagent execution failed: %v", err)).WithError(err)
 		}
-		if hasTemperature {
-			llmOptions["temperature"] = temperature
+
+		// Format result for display
+		userContent := result.ForLLM
+		if result.ForUser != "" {
+			userContent = result.ForUser
+		}
+		maxUserLen := 500
+		if len(userContent) > maxUserLen {
+			userContent = userContent[:maxUserLen] + "..."
+		}
+
+		labelStr := label
+		if labelStr == "" {
+			labelStr = "(unnamed)"
+		}
+		llmContent := fmt.Sprintf("Subagent task completed:\nLabel: %s\nResult: %s",
+			labelStr, result.ForLLM)
+
+		return &ToolResult{
+			ForLLM:  llmContent,
+			ForUser: userContent,
+			Silent:  false,
+			IsError: result.IsError,
+			Async:   false,
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Fall back to "cli"/"direct" for non-conversation callers (e.g., CLI, tests)
-	// to preserve the same defaults as the original NewSubagentTool constructor.
-	channel := ToolChannel(ctx)
-	if channel == "" {
-		channel = "cli"
-	}
-	chatID := ToolChatID(ctx)
-	if chatID == "" {
-		chatID = "direct"
-	}
-
-	loopResult, err := RunToolLoop(ctx, ToolLoopConfig{
-		Provider:      sm.provider,
-		Model:         sm.defaultModel,
-		Tools:         tools,
-		MaxIterations: maxIter,
-		LLMOptions:    llmOptions,
-	}, messages, channel, chatID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return ErrorResult(fmt.Sprintf("Subagent execution failed: %v", err)).WithError(err)
-	}
-
-	// ForUser: Brief summary for user (truncated if too long)
-	userContent := loopResult.Content
-	maxUserLen := 500
-	if len(userContent) > maxUserLen {
-		userContent = userContent[:maxUserLen] + "..."
-	}
-
-	// ForLLM: Full execution details
-	labelStr := label
-	if labelStr == "" {
-		labelStr = "(unnamed)"
-	}
-	llmContent := fmt.Sprintf("Subagent task completed:\nLabel: %s\nIterations: %d\nResult: %s",
-		labelStr, loopResult.Iterations, loopResult.Content)
-
-	return &ToolResult{
-		ForLLM:  llmContent,
-		ForUser: userContent,
-		Silent:  false,
-		IsError: false,
-		Async:   false,
-	}
+	// Fallback: spawner not configured
+	return ErrorResult("Subagent manager not configured").WithError(fmt.Errorf("spawner not set"))
 }
diff --git a/pkg/tools/subagent_tool_test.go b/pkg/tools/subagent_tool_test.go
index 4b6f130a5..89ac7d4b5 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/subagent_tool_test.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/subagent_tool_test.go
@@ -48,24 +48,19 @@ func TestSubagentManager_SetLLMOptions_AppliesToRunToolLoop(t *testing.T) {
 	provider := &MockLLMProvider{}
 	manager := NewSubagentManager(provider, "test-model", "/tmp/test")
 	manager.SetLLMOptions(2048, 0.6)
-	tool := NewSubagentTool(manager)
 
-	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "cli", "direct")
-	args := map[string]any{"task": "Do something"}
-	result := tool.Execute(ctx, args)
-
-	if result == nil || result.IsError {
-		t.Fatalf("Expected successful result, got: %+v", result)
+	// Verify options are set on manager
+	if manager.maxTokens != 2048 {
+		t.Errorf("manager.maxTokens = %d, want 2048", manager.maxTokens)
 	}
-
-	if provider.lastOptions == nil {
-		t.Fatal("Expected LLM options to be passed, got nil")
+	if manager.temperature != 0.6 {
+		t.Errorf("manager.temperature = %f, want 0.6", manager.temperature)
 	}
-	if provider.lastOptions["max_tokens"] != 2048 {
-		t.Fatalf("max_tokens = %v, want %d", provider.lastOptions["max_tokens"], 2048)
+	if !manager.hasMaxTokens {
+		t.Error("manager.hasMaxTokens should be true")
 	}
-	if provider.lastOptions["temperature"] != 0.6 {
-		t.Fatalf("temperature = %v, want %v", provider.lastOptions["temperature"], 0.6)
+	if !manager.hasTemperature {
+		t.Error("manager.hasTemperature should be true")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -150,6 +145,7 @@ func TestSubagentTool_Execute_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	provider := &MockLLMProvider{}
 	manager := NewSubagentManager(provider, "test-model", "/tmp/test")
 	tool := NewSubagentTool(manager)
+	tool.SetSpawner(&mockSpawner{})
 
 	ctx := WithToolContext(context.Background(), "telegram", "chat-123")
 	args := map[string]any{
@@ -204,6 +200,7 @@ func TestSubagentTool_Execute_NoLabel(t *testing.T) {
 	provider := &MockLLMProvider{}
 	manager := NewSubagentManager(provider, "test-model", "/tmp/test")
 	tool := NewSubagentTool(manager)
+	tool.SetSpawner(&mockSpawner{})
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	args := map[string]any{
@@ -277,6 +274,7 @@ func TestSubagentTool_Execute_ContextPassing(t *testing.T) {
 	provider := &MockLLMProvider{}
 	manager := NewSubagentManager(provider, "test-model", "/tmp/test")
 	tool := NewSubagentTool(manager)
+	tool.SetSpawner(&mockSpawner{})
 
 	channel := "test-channel"
 	chatID := "test-chat"
@@ -302,6 +300,7 @@ func TestSubagentTool_ForUserTruncation(t *testing.T) {
 	provider := &MockLLMProvider{}
 	manager := NewSubagentManager(provider, "test-model", "/tmp/test")
 	tool := NewSubagentTool(manager)
+	tool.SetSpawner(&mockSpawner{})
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
diff --git a/pkg/tools/sysproc_unix.go b/pkg/tools/sysproc_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fb03d43a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/tools/sysproc_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"os/exec"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+func setSysProcAttrForPty(cmd *exec.Cmd) {
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setsid: true}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/sysproc_windows.go b/pkg/tools/sysproc_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..150f166fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/tools/sysproc_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package tools
+
+import "os/exec"
+
+func setSysProcAttrForPty(cmd *exec.Cmd) {
+	// Windows doesn't support Setsid, and PTY is not available on Windows anyway.
+	// This function is a no-op for Windows builds.
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/toolloop.go b/pkg/tools/toolloop.go
index 244f0d4a2..387813e94 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/toolloop.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/toolloop.go
@@ -159,10 +159,7 @@ func RunToolLoop(
 
 		// Append results in original order
 		for _, r := range results {
-			contentForLLM := r.result.ForLLM
-			if contentForLLM == "" && r.result.Err != nil {
-				contentForLLM = r.result.Err.Error()
-			}
+			contentForLLM := r.result.ContentForLLM()
 
 			messages = append(messages, providers.Message{
 				Role:       "tool",
diff --git a/pkg/tools/types.go b/pkg/tools/types.go
index a6015cde3..4d1a18d5a 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/types.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/types.go
@@ -56,3 +56,24 @@ type ToolFunctionDefinition struct {
 	Description string         `json:"description"`
 	Parameters  map[string]any `json:"parameters"`
 }
+
+type ExecRequest struct {
+	Action     string            `json:"action"`
+	Command    string            `json:"command,omitempty"`
+	PTY        bool              `json:"pty,omitempty"`
+	Background bool              `json:"background,omitempty"`
+	Timeout    int               `json:"timeout,omitempty"`
+	Env        map[string]string `json:"env,omitempty"`
+	Cwd        string            `json:"cwd,omitempty"`
+	SessionID  string            `json:"sessionId,omitempty"`
+	Data       string            `json:"data,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type ExecResponse struct {
+	SessionID string        `json:"sessionId,omitempty"`
+	Status    string        `json:"status,omitempty"`
+	ExitCode  int           `json:"exitCode,omitempty"`
+	Output    string        `json:"output,omitempty"`
+	Error     string        `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	Sessions  []SessionInfo `json:"sessions,omitempty"`
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/validate.go b/pkg/tools/validate.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..940344708
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/tools/validate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+)
+
+// validateToolArgs validates args against a JSON Schema-like map.
+// schema is expected to have optional keys: "properties", "required", "additionalProperties".
+func validateToolArgs(schema map[string]any, args map[string]any) error {
+	if len(schema) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if args == nil {
+		args = map[string]any{}
+	}
+
+	if err := checkRequired(schema, args); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	propsRaw, ok := schema["properties"]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil // no properties defined — accept any args
+	}
+
+	props, ok := propsRaw.(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	additional := allowsAdditional(schema)
+
+	for key, val := range args {
+		propSchemaRaw, known := props[key]
+		if !known {
+			if !additional {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected property %q", key)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		propSchema, ok := propSchemaRaw.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue // can't validate without a proper schema map
+		}
+		if err := checkType(key, val, propSchema); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// checkRequired verifies that every field listed in schema["required"] is present in args.
+func checkRequired(schema map[string]any, args map[string]any) error {
+	reqRaw, ok := schema["required"]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var required []string
+
+	switch r := reqRaw.(type) {
+	case []string:
+		required = r
+	case []any:
+		for _, v := range r {
+			s, ok := v.(string)
+			if ok {
+				required = append(required, s)
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	for _, field := range required {
+		if _, present := args[field]; !present {
+			return fmt.Errorf("missing required property %q", field)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// allowsAdditional returns true when the schema explicitly sets
+// "additionalProperties" to true, or when the key is absent (default: reject extras).
+func allowsAdditional(schema map[string]any) bool {
+	v, ok := schema["additionalProperties"]
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	b, ok := v.(bool)
+	return ok && b
+}
+
+// checkType validates that val matches the JSON Schema type declared in propSchema.
+func checkType(key string, val any, propSchema map[string]any) error {
+	typeRaw, ok := propSchema["type"]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil // no type constraint
+	}
+	typeName, ok := typeRaw.(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch typeName {
+	case "string":
+		if _, ok := val.(string); !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("property %q: expected string, got %T", key, val)
+		}
+	case "integer":
+		switch v := val.(type) {
+		case float64:
+			if v != math.Trunc(v) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("property %q: expected integer, got float64 with fractional part", key)
+			}
+		case int:
+			// ok
+		case int64:
+			// ok
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("property %q: expected integer, got %T", key, val)
+		}
+	case "number":
+		switch val.(type) {
+		case float64, int, int64:
+			// ok
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("property %q: expected number, got %T", key, val)
+		}
+	case "boolean":
+		if _, ok := val.(bool); !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("property %q: expected boolean, got %T", key, val)
+		}
+	case "array":
+		arr, ok := val.([]any)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("property %q: expected array, got %T", key, val)
+		}
+		if err := checkArrayItems(key, arr, propSchema); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	case "object":
+		obj, ok := val.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("property %q: expected object, got %T", key, val)
+		}
+		if err := validateToolArgs(propSchema, obj); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("property %q: %w", key, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := checkEnum(key, val, propSchema); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// checkArrayItems validates each element of arr against the "items" sub-schema.
+func checkArrayItems(key string, arr []any, propSchema map[string]any) error {
+	itemsRaw, ok := propSchema["items"]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	itemSchema, ok := itemsRaw.(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for i, elem := range arr {
+		elemKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s[%d]", key, i)
+		if err := checkType(elemKey, elem, itemSchema); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// checkEnum validates that val is one of the allowed enum values in propSchema.
+func checkEnum(key string, val any, propSchema map[string]any) error {
+	enumRaw, ok := propSchema["enum"]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch ev := enumRaw.(type) {
+	case []any:
+		for _, allowed := range ev {
+			if val == allowed {
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	case []string:
+		s, ok := val.(string)
+		if ok {
+			for _, allowed := range ev {
+				if s == allowed {
+					return nil
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil // unknown enum format, skip
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("property %q: value %v is not in enum", key, val)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/validate_test.go b/pkg/tools/validate_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7f4f619a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/tools/validate_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,465 @@
+package tools
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// Ensure imports are used.
+var (
+	_ = context.Background
+	_ = strings.Contains
+)
+
+func TestValidateToolArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	baseSchema := map[string]any{
+		"type": "object",
+		"properties": map[string]any{
+			"name": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+			"age":  map[string]any{"type": "integer"},
+		},
+		"required": []string{"name"},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		schema  map[string]any
+		args    map[string]any
+		wantErr string // empty means no error expected
+	}{
+		{
+			name:   "valid args all required present",
+			schema: baseSchema,
+			args:   map[string]any{"name": "alice", "age": float64(30)},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "missing required field",
+			schema:  baseSchema,
+			args:    map[string]any{"age": float64(30)},
+			wantErr: "missing required property \"name\"",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "wrong type string field gets number",
+			schema:  baseSchema,
+			args:    map[string]any{"name": float64(42)},
+			wantErr: "expected string",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "nil args with required fields",
+			schema:  baseSchema,
+			args:    nil,
+			wantErr: "missing required property \"name\"",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nil args no required fields",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"name": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+				},
+			},
+			args: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "empty args no required fields",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"name": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+				},
+			},
+			args: map[string]any{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "optional field correct type",
+			schema: baseSchema,
+			args:   map[string]any{"name": "bob", "age": float64(25)},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "optional field wrong type",
+			schema:  baseSchema,
+			args:    map[string]any{"name": "bob", "age": "twenty"},
+			wantErr: "expected integer",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "integer as float64 no fractional part",
+			schema: baseSchema,
+			args:   map[string]any{"name": "carol", "age": float64(42)},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "actual float for integer field",
+			schema:  baseSchema,
+			args:    map[string]any{"name": "dave", "age": float64(42.5)},
+			wantErr: "expected integer, got float64 with fractional part",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "number type accepts float",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"score": map[string]any{"type": "number"},
+				},
+			},
+			args: map[string]any{"score": float64(3.14)},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "number type accepts integer",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"score": map[string]any{"type": "number"},
+				},
+			},
+			args: map[string]any{"score": float64(10)},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "boolean type valid",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"flag": map[string]any{"type": "boolean"},
+				},
+			},
+			args: map[string]any{"flag": true},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "boolean type wrong",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"flag": map[string]any{"type": "boolean"},
+				},
+			},
+			args:    map[string]any{"flag": "true"},
+			wantErr: "expected boolean",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "required as []any from MCP deserialization",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"cmd": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+				},
+				"required": []any{"cmd"},
+			},
+			args:    map[string]any{},
+			wantErr: "missing required property \"cmd\"",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "enum valid value []any",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"color": map[string]any{"type": "string", "enum": []any{"red", "green", "blue"}},
+				},
+			},
+			args: map[string]any{"color": "red"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "enum invalid value []any",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"color": map[string]any{"type": "string", "enum": []any{"red", "green", "blue"}},
+				},
+			},
+			args:    map[string]any{"color": "yellow"},
+			wantErr: "not in enum",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "enum valid value []string",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"color": map[string]any{"type": "string", "enum": []string{"red", "green", "blue"}},
+				},
+			},
+			args: map[string]any{"color": "green"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "enum invalid value []string",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"color": map[string]any{"type": "string", "enum": []string{"red", "green", "blue"}},
+				},
+			},
+			args:    map[string]any{"color": "yellow"},
+			wantErr: "not in enum",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "extra unexpected property rejected",
+			schema:  baseSchema,
+			args:    map[string]any{"name": "eve", "hobby": "chess"},
+			wantErr: "unexpected property \"hobby\"",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "extra property allowed with additionalProperties true",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"name": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+				},
+				"additionalProperties": true,
+			},
+			args: map[string]any{"name": "eve", "hobby": "chess"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nested object valid",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"address": map[string]any{
+						"type": "object",
+						"properties": map[string]any{
+							"city": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+						},
+						"required": []string{"city"},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			args: map[string]any{
+				"address": map[string]any{"city": "Berlin"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nested object wrong type",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"address": map[string]any{
+						"type": "object",
+						"properties": map[string]any{
+							"city": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			args:    map[string]any{"address": "not an object"},
+			wantErr: "expected object",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "array with valid element types",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"tags": map[string]any{
+						"type":  "array",
+						"items": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			args: map[string]any{"tags": []any{"a", "b", "c"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "array with wrong element types",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+				"properties": map[string]any{
+					"tags": map[string]any{
+						"type":  "array",
+						"items": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			args:    map[string]any{"tags": []any{"a", float64(2)}},
+			wantErr: "expected string",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "schema with no properties key accepts any args",
+			schema: map[string]any{
+				"type": "object",
+			},
+			args: map[string]any{"anything": "goes"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "empty schema accepts anything",
+			schema: map[string]any{},
+			args:   map[string]any{"foo": "bar"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := validateToolArgs(tc.schema, tc.args)
+			if tc.wantErr == "" {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("expected no error, got: %v", err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected error containing %q, got nil", tc.wantErr)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tc.wantErr) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected error containing %q, got: %v", tc.wantErr, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateToolArgs_RegistryIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	r := NewToolRegistry()
+	r.Register(&mockRegistryTool{
+		name: "read_file",
+		desc: "reads a file",
+		params: map[string]any{
+			"type": "object",
+			"properties": map[string]any{
+				"path": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+			},
+			"required": []string{"path"},
+		},
+		result: SilentResult("file contents"),
+	})
+
+	// Valid args — should succeed
+	result := r.Execute(context.Background(), "read_file", map[string]any{"path": "/tmp/x"})
+	if result.IsError {
+		t.Errorf("expected success, got error: %s", result.ForLLM)
+	}
+
+	// Missing required field — should fail with validation error
+	result = r.Execute(context.Background(), "read_file", map[string]any{})
+	if !result.IsError {
+		t.Error("expected validation error for missing required field")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "missing required p") {
+		t.Errorf("expected 'missing required p...' in error, got %q", result.ForLLM)
+	}
+	if result.Err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected Err to be set via WithError")
+	}
+
+	// Wrong type — should fail with validation error
+	result = r.Execute(context.Background(), "read_file", map[string]any{"path": 123.0})
+	if !result.IsError {
+		t.Error("expected validation error for wrong type")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "expected string") {
+		t.Errorf("expected 'expected string' in error, got %q", result.ForLLM)
+	}
+
+	// Extra property — should fail with validation error
+	result = r.Execute(context.Background(), "read_file", map[string]any{"path": "/x", "__inject": true})
+	if !result.IsError {
+		t.Error("expected validation error for extra property")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(result.ForLLM, "unexpected prop") {
+		t.Errorf("expected 'unexpected prop...' in error, got %q", result.ForLLM)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateToolArgs_RealSchemas(t *testing.T) {
+	execSchema := map[string]any{
+		"type": "object",
+		"properties": map[string]any{
+			"command":     map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+			"working_dir": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+		},
+		"required": []string{"command"},
+	}
+
+	cronSchema := map[string]any{
+		"type": "object",
+		"properties": map[string]any{
+			"action": map[string]any{
+				"type": "string",
+				"enum": []any{"add", "list", "remove", "enable", "disable"},
+			},
+		},
+		"required": []string{"action"},
+	}
+
+	webSearchSchema := map[string]any{
+		"type": "object",
+		"properties": map[string]any{
+			"query": map[string]any{"type": "string"},
+			"count": map[string]any{"type": "integer"},
+		},
+		"required": []string{"query"},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		schema  map[string]any
+		args    map[string]any
+		wantErr string
+	}{
+		// ExecTool
+		{
+			name:   "exec valid args",
+			schema: execSchema,
+			args:   map[string]any{"command": "ls -la", "working_dir": "/tmp"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "exec missing required command",
+			schema:  execSchema,
+			args:    map[string]any{"working_dir": "/tmp"},
+			wantErr: "missing required property \"command\"",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "exec wrong type for command",
+			schema:  execSchema,
+			args:    map[string]any{"command": float64(123)},
+			wantErr: "expected string",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "exec extra injected arg",
+			schema:  execSchema,
+			args:    map[string]any{"command": "ls", "malicious": "payload"},
+			wantErr: "unexpected property \"malicious\"",
+		},
+
+		// CronTool
+		{
+			name:   "cron valid enum value",
+			schema: cronSchema,
+			args:   map[string]any{"action": "add"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "cron invalid enum value",
+			schema:  cronSchema,
+			args:    map[string]any{"action": "destroy"},
+			wantErr: "not in enum",
+		},
+
+		// WebSearchTool
+		{
+			name:   "websearch valid args",
+			schema: webSearchSchema,
+			args:   map[string]any{"query": "golang testing", "count": float64(10)},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "websearch missing required query",
+			schema:  webSearchSchema,
+			args:    map[string]any{"count": float64(5)},
+			wantErr: "missing required property \"query\"",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "websearch wrong type for count",
+			schema:  webSearchSchema,
+			args:    map[string]any{"query": "test", "count": "ten"},
+			wantErr: "expected integer",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := validateToolArgs(tc.schema, tc.args)
+			if tc.wantErr == "" {
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("expected no error, got: %v", err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected error containing %q, got nil", tc.wantErr)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tc.wantErr) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected error containing %q, got: %v", tc.wantErr, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/tools/web.go b/pkg/tools/web.go
index 42cf79578..7ff724802 100644
--- a/pkg/tools/web.go
+++ b/pkg/tools/web.go
@@ -613,39 +613,124 @@ func (p *GLMSearchProvider) Search(ctx context.Context, query string, count int)
 	return strings.Join(lines, "\n"), nil
 }
 
+type BaiduSearchProvider struct {
+	apiKey  string
+	baseURL string
+	proxy   string
+	client  *http.Client
+}
+
+func (p *BaiduSearchProvider) Search(ctx context.Context, query string, count int) (string, error) {
+	searchURL := p.baseURL
+	if searchURL == "" {
+		searchURL = "https://qianfan.baidubce.com/v2/ai_search/web_search"
+	}
+
+	payload := map[string]any{
+		"messages": []map[string]string{
+			{
+				"role":    "user",
+				"content": query,
+			},
+		},
+		"search_source":        "baidu_search_v2",
+		"resource_type_filter": []map[string]any{{"type": "web", "top_k": count}},
+	}
+
+	bodyBytes, err := json.Marshal(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal payload: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", searchURL, bytes.NewReader(bodyBytes))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+p.apiKey)
+
+	resp, err := p.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("baidu search request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1<<20))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("baidu search API error %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+	}
+
+	var result struct {
+		References []struct {
+			Title   string `json:"title"`
+			URL     string `json:"url"`
+			Content string `json:"content"`
+		} `json:"references"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(result.References) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("No results for: %s", query), nil
+	}
+
+	lines := []string{fmt.Sprintf("Results for: %s (via Baidu Search)", query)}
+	for i, item := range result.References {
+		if i >= count {
+			break
+		}
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("%d. %s\n   %s", i+1, item.Title, item.URL))
+		if item.Content != "" {
+			lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("   %s", item.Content))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(lines, "\n"), nil
+}
+
 type WebSearchTool struct {
 	provider   SearchProvider
 	maxResults int
 }
 
 type WebSearchToolOptions struct {
-	BraveAPIKeys         []string
-	BraveMaxResults      int
-	BraveEnabled         bool
-	TavilyAPIKeys        []string
-	TavilyBaseURL        string
-	TavilyMaxResults     int
-	TavilyEnabled        bool
-	DuckDuckGoMaxResults int
-	DuckDuckGoEnabled    bool
-	PerplexityAPIKeys    []string
-	PerplexityMaxResults int
-	PerplexityEnabled    bool
-	SearXNGBaseURL       string
-	SearXNGMaxResults    int
-	SearXNGEnabled       bool
-	GLMSearchAPIKey      string
-	GLMSearchBaseURL     string
-	GLMSearchEngine      string
-	GLMSearchMaxResults  int
-	GLMSearchEnabled     bool
-	Proxy                string
+	BraveAPIKeys          []string
+	BraveMaxResults       int
+	BraveEnabled          bool
+	TavilyAPIKeys         []string
+	TavilyBaseURL         string
+	TavilyMaxResults      int
+	TavilyEnabled         bool
+	DuckDuckGoMaxResults  int
+	DuckDuckGoEnabled     bool
+	PerplexityAPIKeys     []string
+	PerplexityMaxResults  int
+	PerplexityEnabled     bool
+	SearXNGBaseURL        string
+	SearXNGMaxResults     int
+	SearXNGEnabled        bool
+	GLMSearchAPIKey       string
+	GLMSearchBaseURL      string
+	GLMSearchEngine       string
+	GLMSearchMaxResults   int
+	GLMSearchEnabled      bool
+	BaiduSearchAPIKey     string
+	BaiduSearchBaseURL    string
+	BaiduSearchMaxResults int
+	BaiduSearchEnabled    bool
+	Proxy                 string
 }
 
 func NewWebSearchTool(opts WebSearchToolOptions) (*WebSearchTool, error) {
 	var provider SearchProvider
 	maxResults := 5
-	// Priority: Perplexity > Brave > SearXNG > Tavily > DuckDuckGo > GLM Search
+	// Priority: Perplexity > Brave > SearXNG > Tavily > DuckDuckGo > Baidu Search > GLM Search
 	if opts.PerplexityEnabled && len(opts.PerplexityAPIKeys) > 0 {
 		client, err := utils.CreateHTTPClient(opts.Proxy, perplexityTimeout)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -696,6 +781,20 @@ func NewWebSearchTool(opts WebSearchToolOptions) (*WebSearchTool, error) {
 		if opts.DuckDuckGoMaxResults > 0 {
 			maxResults = opts.DuckDuckGoMaxResults
 		}
+	} else if opts.BaiduSearchEnabled && opts.BaiduSearchAPIKey != "" {
+		client, err := utils.CreateHTTPClient(opts.Proxy, perplexityTimeout)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create HTTP client for Baidu Search: %w", err)
+		}
+		provider = &BaiduSearchProvider{
+			apiKey:  opts.BaiduSearchAPIKey,
+			baseURL: opts.BaiduSearchBaseURL,
+			proxy:   opts.Proxy,
+			client:  client,
+		}
+		if opts.BaiduSearchMaxResults > 0 {
+			maxResults = opts.BaiduSearchMaxResults
+		}
 	} else if opts.GLMSearchEnabled && opts.GLMSearchAPIKey != "" {
 		client, err := utils.CreateHTTPClient(opts.Proxy, searchTimeout)
 		if err != nil {
diff --git a/pkg/utils/context.go b/pkg/utils/context.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2007de9a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/utils/context.go
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// Inspired by and based on nanobot: https://github.com/HKUDS/nanobot
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+package utils
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+)
+
+// CalculateDefaultMaxContextRunes computes a default context limit based on the model's context window.
+// Strategy: Use 75% of the context window and convert to rune estimate.
+//
+// Token-to-rune conversion ratios (conservative estimates):
+//   - English: ~4 chars per token
+//   - Chinese: ~1.5-2 chars per token
+//   - Mixed: ~3 chars per token (used here for safety)
+func CalculateDefaultMaxContextRunes(contextWindow int) int {
+	if contextWindow <= 0 {
+		// Conservative fallback when context window is unknown
+		return 8000 // ~2000 tokens
+	}
+
+	// Use 75% of context window to leave headroom
+	targetTokens := int(float64(contextWindow) * 0.75)
+
+	// Convert tokens to runes using conservative ratio
+	const avgCharsPerToken = 3
+	return targetTokens * avgCharsPerToken
+}
+
+// ResolveMaxContextRunes determines the final MaxContextRunes value to use.
+// Priority: explicit config > auto-calculate > conservative default
+func ResolveMaxContextRunes(configValue, contextWindow int) int {
+	switch {
+	case configValue > 0:
+		// Explicitly configured, use as-is
+		return configValue
+	case configValue == -1:
+		// Explicitly disabled
+		return -1
+	default:
+		// 0 or unset: auto-calculate
+		return CalculateDefaultMaxContextRunes(contextWindow)
+	}
+}
+
+// MeasureContextRunes calculates the total rune count of a message list.
+// Includes content, reasoning content, and estimates for tool calls.
+func MeasureContextRunes(messages []providers.Message) int {
+	totalRunes := 0
+	for _, msg := range messages {
+		totalRunes += utf8.RuneCountInString(msg.Content)
+		totalRunes += utf8.RuneCountInString(msg.ReasoningContent)
+
+		// Tool calls: serialize to JSON and count
+		if len(msg.ToolCalls) > 0 {
+			for _, tc := range msg.ToolCalls {
+				totalRunes += utf8.RuneCountInString(tc.Name)
+				// Arguments: serialize and count
+				if argsJSON, err := json.Marshal(tc.Arguments); err == nil {
+					totalRunes += utf8.RuneCount(argsJSON)
+				} else {
+					// Fallback estimate if serialization fails
+					totalRunes += 100
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// ToolCallID
+		totalRunes += utf8.RuneCountInString(msg.ToolCallID)
+	}
+	return totalRunes
+}
+
+// TruncateContextSmart intelligently truncates message history to fit within maxRunes.
+//
+// Strategy:
+//  1. Always preserve system messages (they define the agent's behavior)
+//  2. Keep the most recent messages (they contain current context)
+//  3. Drop older middle messages when necessary
+//  4. Insert a truncation notice to inform the LLM
+//
+// Returns the truncated message list.
+func TruncateContextSmart(messages []providers.Message, maxRunes int) []providers.Message {
+	if len(messages) == 0 {
+		return messages
+	}
+
+	// Separate system messages from others
+	var systemMsgs []providers.Message
+	var otherMsgs []providers.Message
+
+	for _, msg := range messages {
+		if msg.Role == "system" {
+			systemMsgs = append(systemMsgs, msg)
+		} else {
+			otherMsgs = append(otherMsgs, msg)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Calculate system message size
+	systemRunes := 0
+	for _, msg := range systemMsgs {
+		systemRunes += utf8.RuneCountInString(msg.Content)
+		systemRunes += utf8.RuneCountInString(msg.ReasoningContent)
+	}
+
+	// Reserve space for truncation notice (estimate ~80 runes)
+	const truncationNoticeEstimate = 80
+
+	// Allocate remaining space for other messages
+	remainingRunes := maxRunes - systemRunes - truncationNoticeEstimate
+	if remainingRunes <= 0 {
+		// System messages already exceed limit - return only system messages
+		return systemMsgs
+	}
+
+	// Collect recent messages in reverse order until we hit the limit
+	var keptMsgs []providers.Message
+	currentRunes := 0
+
+	for i := len(otherMsgs) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		msg := otherMsgs[i]
+		msgRunes := utf8.RuneCountInString(msg.Content) +
+			utf8.RuneCountInString(msg.ReasoningContent)
+
+		// Estimate tool call size
+		if len(msg.ToolCalls) > 0 {
+			for _, tc := range msg.ToolCalls {
+				msgRunes += utf8.RuneCountInString(tc.Name)
+				if argsJSON, err := json.Marshal(tc.Arguments); err == nil {
+					msgRunes += utf8.RuneCount(argsJSON)
+				} else {
+					msgRunes += 100
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		msgRunes += utf8.RuneCountInString(msg.ToolCallID)
+
+		if currentRunes+msgRunes > remainingRunes {
+			// Would exceed limit, stop collecting
+			break
+		}
+
+		// Prepend to maintain chronological order
+		keptMsgs = append([]providers.Message{msg}, keptMsgs...)
+		currentRunes += msgRunes
+	}
+
+	// If we dropped messages, add a truncation notice
+	result := systemMsgs
+	if len(keptMsgs) < len(otherMsgs) {
+		droppedCount := len(otherMsgs) - len(keptMsgs)
+		truncationNotice := providers.Message{
+			Role: "system",
+			Content: fmt.Sprintf(
+				"[Context truncated: %d earlier messages omitted to stay within context limits]",
+				droppedCount,
+			),
+		}
+		result = append(result, truncationNotice)
+	}
+
+	result = append(result, keptMsgs...)
+	return result
+}
diff --git a/pkg/utils/context_test.go b/pkg/utils/context_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..450a29249
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/utils/context_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+// PicoClaw - Ultra-lightweight personal AI agent
+// License: MIT
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2026 PicoClaw contributors
+
+package utils
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+)
+
+func TestCalculateDefaultMaxContextRunes(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		contextWindow int
+		want          int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "zero context window uses fallback",
+			contextWindow: 0,
+			want:          8000,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "negative context window uses fallback",
+			contextWindow: -1,
+			want:          8000,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "small context window (4k tokens)",
+			contextWindow: 4000,
+			want:          9000, // 4000 * 0.75 * 3 = 9000
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "medium context window (128k tokens)",
+			contextWindow: 128000,
+			want:          288000, // 128000 * 0.75 * 3 = 288000
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "large context window (1M tokens)",
+			contextWindow: 1000000,
+			want:          2250000, // 1000000 * 0.75 * 3 = 2250000
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := CalculateDefaultMaxContextRunes(tt.contextWindow)
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("CalculateDefaultMaxContextRunes(%d) = %d, want %d",
+					tt.contextWindow, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveMaxContextRunes(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		configValue   int
+		contextWindow int
+		want          int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "explicit positive value",
+			configValue:   12000,
+			contextWindow: 4000,
+			want:          12000,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "explicit disable (-1)",
+			configValue:   -1,
+			contextWindow: 4000,
+			want:          -1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "zero uses auto-calculate",
+			configValue:   0,
+			contextWindow: 4000,
+			want:          9000, // 4000 * 0.75 * 3
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "unset (0) with unknown context window",
+			configValue:   0,
+			contextWindow: 0,
+			want:          8000, // fallback
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := ResolveMaxContextRunes(tt.configValue, tt.contextWindow)
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("ResolveMaxContextRunes(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+					tt.configValue, tt.contextWindow, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMeasureContextRunes(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		messages []providers.Message
+		want     int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "empty messages",
+			messages: []providers.Message{},
+			want:     0,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single simple message",
+			messages: []providers.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+			},
+			want: 5, // "Hello" = 5 runes
+		},
+		{
+			name: "message with reasoning",
+			messages: []providers.Message{
+				{
+					Role:             "assistant",
+					Content:          "Answer",
+					ReasoningContent: "Thinking",
+				},
+			},
+			want: 14, // "Answer" (6) + "Thinking" (8) = 14
+		},
+		{
+			name: "message with tool call",
+			messages: []providers.Message{
+				{
+					Role:    "assistant",
+					Content: "Using tool",
+					ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+						{
+							Name:      "test_tool",
+							Arguments: map[string]any{"key": "value"},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			want: 10 + 9 + 15, // "Using tool" + "test_tool" + {"key":"value"}
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multiple messages",
+			messages: []providers.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: "You are helpful"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hi"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "Hello!"},
+			},
+			want: 15 + 2 + 6, // 15 + 2 + 6 = 23
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unicode characters",
+			messages: []providers.Message{
+				{Role: "user", Content: "\u4f60\u597d\u4e16\u754c"}, // 4 Chinese characters
+			},
+			want: 4,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := MeasureContextRunes(tt.messages)
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("MeasureContextRunes() = %d, want %d", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTruncateContextSmart(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		messages []providers.Message
+		maxRunes int
+		wantLen  int
+		wantHas  []string // Content strings that should be present
+		wantNot  []string // Content strings that should be absent
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "empty messages",
+			messages: []providers.Message{},
+			maxRunes: 100,
+			wantLen:  0,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no truncation needed",
+			messages: []providers.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: "System"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Hello"},
+			},
+			maxRunes: 100,
+			wantLen:  2,
+			wantHas:  []string{"System", "Hello"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "truncate when limit is tight",
+			messages: []providers.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: "System"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Message 1 with some content here"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "Response 1 with some content here"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Message 2 with some content here"},
+				{Role: "assistant", Content: "Response 2 with some content here"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Latest"},
+			},
+			maxRunes: 120, // Tight limit to force truncation
+			wantLen:  -1,  // Don't check exact length, just verify truncation occurred
+			wantHas:  []string{"System", "Latest"},
+			wantNot:  []string{"Message 1", "Response 1"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "system messages exceed limit",
+			messages: []providers.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: "Very long system message"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "User message"},
+			},
+			maxRunes: 10, // Less than system message
+			wantLen:  1,  // Only system message
+			wantHas:  []string{"Very long system message"},
+			wantNot:  []string{"User message"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "preserve multiple system messages",
+			messages: []providers.Message{
+				{Role: "system", Content: "Sys1"},
+				{Role: "system", Content: "Sys2"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "Old"},
+				{Role: "user", Content: "New"},
+			},
+			maxRunes: 200, // Generous limit
+			wantLen:  4,   // Both system + truncation notice + new
+			wantHas:  []string{"Sys1", "Sys2", "New"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := TruncateContextSmart(tt.messages, tt.maxRunes)
+
+			if tt.wantLen >= 0 && len(got) != tt.wantLen {
+				t.Errorf("TruncateContextSmart() returned %d messages, want %d",
+					len(got), tt.wantLen)
+			}
+
+			// Check for expected content
+			allContent := ""
+			for _, msg := range got {
+				allContent += msg.Content + " "
+			}
+
+			for _, want := range tt.wantHas {
+				found := false
+				for _, msg := range got {
+					if msg.Content == want || containsSubstring(msg.Content, want) {
+						found = true
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				if !found {
+					t.Errorf("Expected content %q not found in truncated messages", want)
+				}
+			}
+
+			for _, notWant := range tt.wantNot {
+				for _, msg := range got {
+					if containsSubstring(msg.Content, notWant) {
+						t.Errorf("Unexpected content %q found in truncated messages", notWant)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func containsSubstring(s, substr string) bool {
+	return len(s) >= len(substr) && findSubstring(s, substr)
+}
+
+func findSubstring(s, substr string) bool {
+	for i := 0; i <= len(s)-len(substr); i++ {
+		if s[i:i+len(substr)] == substr {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// TestSubTurnConfigMaxContextRunes verifies that MaxContextRunes configuration
+// is properly integrated into the SubTurn execution flow.
+func TestSubTurnConfigMaxContextRunes(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		maxContextRunes int
+		contextWindow   int
+		wantResolved    int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:            "default (0) auto-calculates from context window",
+			maxContextRunes: 0,
+			contextWindow:   4000,
+			wantResolved:    9000, // 4000 * 0.75 * 3
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "explicit value is used",
+			maxContextRunes: 12000,
+			contextWindow:   4000,
+			wantResolved:    12000,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "disabled (-1) returns -1",
+			maxContextRunes: -1,
+			contextWindow:   4000,
+			wantResolved:    -1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "fallback when context window unknown",
+			maxContextRunes: 0,
+			contextWindow:   0,
+			wantResolved:    8000, // conservative fallback
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := ResolveMaxContextRunes(tt.maxContextRunes, tt.contextWindow)
+			if got != tt.wantResolved {
+				t.Errorf("utils.ResolveMaxContextRunes(%d, %d) = %d, want %d",
+					tt.maxContextRunes, tt.contextWindow, got, tt.wantResolved)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestContextTruncationFlow verifies the complete context truncation flow:
+// 1. Messages accumulate beyond soft limit
+// 2. Truncation is triggered
+// 3. System messages are preserved
+// 4. Recent messages are kept
+func TestContextTruncationFlow(t *testing.T) {
+	// Build a message history that exceeds the limit
+	messages := []providers.Message{
+		{Role: "system", Content: "You are a helpful assistant"}, // ~27 runes
+		{Role: "user", Content: "First question"},                // ~14 runes
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "First answer"},             // ~12 runes
+		{Role: "user", Content: "Second question"},               // ~15 runes
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "Second answer"},            // ~13 runes
+		{Role: "user", Content: "Third question"},                // ~14 runes
+		{Role: "assistant", Content: "Third answer"},             // ~12 runes
+		{Role: "user", Content: "Latest question"},               // ~15 runes
+	}
+
+	// Total: ~122 runes
+	totalRunes := MeasureContextRunes(messages)
+	if totalRunes < 100 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected total runes > 100, got %d", totalRunes)
+	}
+
+	// Set limit to 150 runes - should force truncation of old messages
+	// but preserve system + truncation notice + recent messages
+	maxRunes := 150
+	truncated := TruncateContextSmart(messages, maxRunes)
+
+	// Verify truncation occurred
+	if len(truncated) >= len(messages) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected truncation, but got %d messages (original: %d)",
+			len(truncated), len(messages))
+	}
+
+	// Verify system message is preserved
+	foundSystem := false
+	for _, msg := range truncated {
+		if msg.Role == "system" && msg.Content == "You are a helpful assistant" {
+			foundSystem = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundSystem {
+		t.Error("System message was not preserved after truncation")
+	}
+
+	// Verify latest message is preserved
+	foundLatest := false
+	for _, msg := range truncated {
+		if msg.Content == "Latest question" {
+			foundLatest = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundLatest {
+		t.Error("Latest message was not preserved after truncation")
+	}
+
+	// Verify truncation notice is present
+	foundNotice := false
+	for _, msg := range truncated {
+		if msg.Role == "system" && containsSubstring(msg.Content, "truncated") {
+			foundNotice = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundNotice {
+		t.Error("Truncation notice was not added")
+	}
+
+	// Verify result is within limit (with some tolerance for estimation)
+	resultRunes := MeasureContextRunes(truncated)
+	if resultRunes > maxRunes+20 { // Allow 20 rune tolerance
+		t.Errorf("Truncated context (%d runes) significantly exceeds limit (%d runes)",
+			resultRunes, maxRunes)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestContextTruncationPreservesToolCalls verifies that tool calls are
+// properly handled during context truncation.
+func TestContextTruncationPreservesToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	messages := []providers.Message{
+		{Role: "system", Content: "System"},
+		{Role: "user", Content: "Old message that should be dropped"},
+		{
+			Role:    "assistant",
+			Content: "Recent tool use",
+			ToolCalls: []providers.ToolCall{
+				{
+					Name:      "important_tool",
+					Arguments: map[string]any{"key": "value"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Set a generous limit that should keep the tool call message
+	maxRunes := 200
+	truncated := TruncateContextSmart(messages, maxRunes)
+
+	// Verify tool call message is preserved
+	foundToolCall := false
+	for _, msg := range truncated {
+		if len(msg.ToolCalls) > 0 && msg.ToolCalls[0].Name == "important_tool" {
+			foundToolCall = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !foundToolCall {
+		t.Error("Tool call message was not preserved during truncation")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/utils/media.go b/pkg/utils/media.go
index 82e9f5f45..823ca155e 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/media.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/media.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package utils
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
@@ -15,9 +16,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/media"
 )
 
+var audioExtensions = []string{".mp3", ".wav", ".ogg", ".m4a", ".flac", ".aac", ".wma"}
+
+func AudioFormat(path string) (string, error) {
+	ext := strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(path))
+	for _, supportedExt := range audioExtensions {
+		if ext == supportedExt {
+			return strings.TrimPrefix(ext, "."), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported audio format for %q", path)
+}
+
 // IsAudioFile checks if a file is an audio file based on its filename extension and content type.
 func IsAudioFile(filename, contentType string) bool {
-	audioExtensions := []string{".mp3", ".wav", ".ogg", ".m4a", ".flac", ".aac", ".wma"}
 	audioTypes := []string{"audio/", "application/ogg", "application/x-ogg"}
 
 	for _, ext := range audioExtensions {
diff --git a/pkg/voice/audio_model_transcriber.go b/pkg/voice/audio_model_transcriber.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3ca81961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/voice/audio_model_transcriber.go
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package voice
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/utils"
+)
+
+type AudioModelTranscriber struct {
+	provider providers.LLMProvider
+	modelID  string
+	prompt   string
+}
+
+const (
+	defaultTranscriptionPrompt = "Transcribe this audio."
+)
+
+func NewAudioModelTranscriber(modelCfg *config.ModelConfig) *AudioModelTranscriber {
+	if modelCfg == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	logger.DebugCF("voice", "Creating audio model transcriber", map[string]any{
+		"has_api_key": modelCfg.APIKey() != "",
+		"api_base":    modelCfg.APIBase,
+		"model":       modelCfg.Model,
+	})
+
+	provider, modelID, err := providers.CreateProviderFromConfig(modelCfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to create audio model provider", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return &AudioModelTranscriber{
+		provider: provider,
+		modelID:  modelID,
+		prompt:   defaultTranscriptionPrompt,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *AudioModelTranscriber) Transcribe(ctx context.Context, audioFilePath string) (*TranscriptionResponse, error) {
+	logger.InfoCF("voice", "Starting audio model transcription", map[string]any{
+		"audio_file": audioFilePath,
+		"model":      t.modelID,
+	})
+
+	audioBytes, err := os.ReadFile(audioFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to read audio file", map[string]any{"path": audioFilePath, "error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read audio file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	format, err := utils.AudioFormat(audioFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to detect audio format", map[string]any{"path": audioFilePath, "error": err})
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	resp, err := t.provider.Chat(ctx, []providers.Message{
+		{
+			Role:    "user",
+			Content: t.prompt,
+			Media: []string{
+				fmt.Sprintf("data:audio/%s;base64,%s", format, base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(audioBytes)),
+			},
+		},
+	}, nil, t.modelID, map[string]any{
+		"temperature": 0,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Audio model transcription request failed", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("transcription request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	text := strings.TrimSpace(resp.Content)
+	logger.InfoCF("voice", "Audio model transcription completed successfully", map[string]any{
+		"text_length":           len(text),
+		"transcription_preview": utils.Truncate(text, 50),
+	})
+
+	return &TranscriptionResponse{Text: text}, nil
+}
+
+func (t *AudioModelTranscriber) Name() string {
+	return "audio-model"
+}
diff --git a/pkg/voice/audio_model_transcriber_test.go b/pkg/voice/audio_model_transcriber_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c33e3bf97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/voice/audio_model_transcriber_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+package voice
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
+)
+
+var _ Transcriber = (*AudioModelTranscriber)(nil)
+
+type fakeLLMProvider struct {
+	chatFunc func(
+		ctx context.Context,
+		messages []providers.Message,
+		tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+		model string,
+		options map[string]any,
+	) (*providers.LLMResponse, error)
+}
+
+func (p *fakeLLMProvider) Chat(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	messages []providers.Message,
+	tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+	model string,
+	options map[string]any,
+) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+	if p.chatFunc == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return p.chatFunc(ctx, messages, tools, model, options)
+}
+
+func (p *fakeLLMProvider) GetDefaultModel() string {
+	return ""
+}
+
+func TestAudioModelTranscriberName(t *testing.T) {
+	tr := &AudioModelTranscriber{}
+	if got := tr.Name(); got != "audio-model" {
+		t.Errorf("Name() = %q, want %q", got, "audio-model")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewAudioModelTranscriberInvalidConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		cfg  *config.ModelConfig
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "nil config",
+			cfg:  nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "missing api key",
+			cfg: &config.ModelConfig{
+				Model: "gemini/gemini-2.5-flash",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tr := NewAudioModelTranscriber(tt.cfg); tr != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("NewAudioModelTranscriber() = %#v, want nil", tr)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAudioModelTranscriberTranscribe(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	audioPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "clip.ogg")
+	audioData := []byte("fake-audio-data")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(audioPath, audioData, 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write fake audio file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tr := &AudioModelTranscriber{
+			provider: &fakeLLMProvider{
+				chatFunc: func(
+					ctx context.Context,
+					messages []providers.Message,
+					tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+					model string,
+					options map[string]any,
+				) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+					if ctx == nil {
+						t.Fatal("context should not be nil")
+					}
+					if tools != nil {
+						t.Fatalf("tools = %#v, want nil", tools)
+					}
+					if model != "gemini-2.5-flash" {
+						t.Fatalf("model = %q, want %q", model, "gemini-2.5-flash")
+					}
+					if len(messages) != 1 {
+						t.Fatalf("len(messages) = %d, want 1", len(messages))
+					}
+					msg := messages[0]
+					if msg.Role != "user" {
+						t.Fatalf("role = %q, want %q", msg.Role, "user")
+					}
+					if msg.Content != defaultTranscriptionPrompt {
+						t.Fatalf("prompt = %q, want %q", msg.Content, defaultTranscriptionPrompt)
+					}
+					if len(msg.Media) != 1 {
+						t.Fatalf("len(media) = %d, want 1", len(msg.Media))
+					}
+					wantMedia := "data:audio/ogg;base64," + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(audioData)
+					if msg.Media[0] != wantMedia {
+						t.Fatalf("media = %q, want %q", msg.Media[0], wantMedia)
+					}
+					if len(options) != 1 {
+						t.Fatalf("options = %#v, want only temperature", options)
+					}
+					if got := options["temperature"]; got != 0 {
+						t.Fatalf("temperature = %#v, want 0", got)
+					}
+
+					return &providers.LLMResponse{Content: "  hello from gemini \n"}, nil
+				},
+			},
+			modelID: "gemini-2.5-flash",
+			prompt:  defaultTranscriptionPrompt,
+		}
+
+		resp, err := tr.Transcribe(context.Background(), audioPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Transcribe() error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if resp.Text != "hello from gemini" {
+			t.Fatalf("Text = %q, want %q", resp.Text, "hello from gemini")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("provider error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tr := &AudioModelTranscriber{
+			provider: &fakeLLMProvider{
+				chatFunc: func(
+					ctx context.Context,
+					messages []providers.Message,
+					tools []providers.ToolDefinition,
+					model string,
+					options map[string]any,
+				) (*providers.LLMResponse, error) {
+					return nil, errors.New("upstream failure")
+				},
+			},
+			modelID: "gemini-2.5-flash",
+			prompt:  defaultTranscriptionPrompt,
+		}
+
+		_, err := tr.Transcribe(context.Background(), audioPath)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error for provider failure, got nil")
+		}
+		if got := err.Error(); got != "transcription request failed: upstream failure" {
+			t.Fatalf("error = %q, want %q", got, "transcription request failed: upstream failure")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tr := &AudioModelTranscriber{
+			provider: &fakeLLMProvider{},
+			modelID:  "gemini-2.5-flash",
+			prompt:   defaultTranscriptionPrompt,
+		}
+
+		_, err := tr.Transcribe(context.Background(), filepath.Join(tmpDir, "nonexistent.ogg"))
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error for missing file, got nil")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unsupported audio format", func(t *testing.T) {
+		badPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "clip.txt")
+		if err := os.WriteFile(badPath, []byte("not-audio"), 0o644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to write fake file: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		tr := &AudioModelTranscriber{
+			provider: &fakeLLMProvider{},
+			modelID:  "gemini-2.5-flash",
+			prompt:   defaultTranscriptionPrompt,
+		}
+
+		_, err := tr.Transcribe(context.Background(), badPath)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error for unsupported audio format, got nil")
+		}
+		if got := err.Error(); got != `unsupported audio format for "`+badPath+`"` {
+			t.Fatalf("error = %q, want unsupported format error", got)
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/pkg/voice/elevenlabs_transcriber.go b/pkg/voice/elevenlabs_transcriber.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93db10f8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/voice/elevenlabs_transcriber.go
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+package voice
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/utils"
+)
+
+// ElevenLabsTranscriber uses the ElevenLabs Scribe API for speech-to-text.
+type ElevenLabsTranscriber struct {
+	apiKey     string
+	apiBase    string
+	httpClient *http.Client
+}
+
+func NewElevenLabsTranscriber(apiKey string) *ElevenLabsTranscriber {
+	logger.DebugCF("voice", "Creating ElevenLabs transcriber", map[string]any{"has_api_key": apiKey != ""})
+
+	return &ElevenLabsTranscriber{
+		apiKey:  apiKey,
+		apiBase: "https://api.elevenlabs.io",
+		httpClient: &http.Client{
+			Timeout: 120 * time.Second,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *ElevenLabsTranscriber) Transcribe(ctx context.Context, audioFilePath string) (*TranscriptionResponse, error) {
+	logger.InfoCF("voice", "Starting ElevenLabs transcription", map[string]any{"audio_file": audioFilePath})
+
+	audioFile, err := os.Open(audioFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to open audio file", map[string]any{"path": audioFilePath, "error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open audio file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer audioFile.Close()
+
+	fileInfo, err := audioFile.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to get file info", map[string]any{"path": audioFilePath, "error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get file info: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	logger.DebugCF("voice", "Audio file details", map[string]any{
+		"size_bytes": fileInfo.Size(),
+		"file_name":  filepath.Base(audioFilePath),
+	})
+
+	var requestBody bytes.Buffer
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&requestBody)
+
+	part, err := writer.CreateFormFile("file", filepath.Base(audioFilePath))
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to create form file", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create form file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err = io.Copy(part, audioFile); err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to copy file content", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to copy file content: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err = writer.WriteField("model_id", "scribe_v1"); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to write model_id field: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err = writer.Close(); err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to close multipart writer", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to close multipart writer: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	url := t.apiBase + "/v1/speech-to-text"
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", url, &requestBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to create request", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+	req.Header.Set("Xi-Api-Key", t.apiKey)
+
+	logger.DebugCF("voice", "Sending transcription request to ElevenLabs API", map[string]any{
+		"url":                url,
+		"request_size_bytes": requestBody.Len(),
+		"file_size_bytes":    fileInfo.Size(),
+	})
+
+	resp, err := t.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to send request", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to send request: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to read response", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "ElevenLabs API error", map[string]any{
+			"status_code": resp.StatusCode,
+			"response":    string(body),
+		})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ElevenLabs API error (status %d): %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+	}
+
+	logger.DebugCF("voice", "Received response from ElevenLabs API", map[string]any{
+		"status_code":         resp.StatusCode,
+		"response_size_bytes": len(body),
+	})
+
+	var result TranscriptionResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to unmarshal response", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	logger.InfoCF("voice", "ElevenLabs transcription completed successfully", map[string]any{
+		"text_length":           len(result.Text),
+		"language":              result.Language,
+		"transcription_preview": utils.Truncate(result.Text, 50),
+	})
+
+	return &result, nil
+}
+
+func (t *ElevenLabsTranscriber) Name() string {
+	return "elevenlabs"
+}
diff --git a/pkg/voice/elevenlabs_transcriber_test.go b/pkg/voice/elevenlabs_transcriber_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78be8958a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/voice/elevenlabs_transcriber_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package voice
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// Ensure ElevenLabsTranscriber satisfies the Transcriber interface at compile time.
+var _ Transcriber = (*ElevenLabsTranscriber)(nil)
+
+func TestElevenLabsTranscriberName(t *testing.T) {
+	tr := NewElevenLabsTranscriber("sk_test")
+	if got := tr.Name(); got != "elevenlabs" {
+		t.Errorf("Name() = %q, want %q", got, "elevenlabs")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestElevenLabsTranscribe(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	audioPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "clip.ogg")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(audioPath, []byte("fake-audio-data"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write fake audio file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			if r.URL.Path != "/v1/speech-to-text" {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected path: %s", r.URL.Path)
+			}
+			if r.Header.Get("Xi-Api-Key") != "sk_test" {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected xi-api-key header: %s", r.Header.Get("Xi-Api-Key"))
+			}
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+			_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(TranscriptionResponse{
+				Text:     "hello from elevenlabs",
+				Language: "en",
+			})
+		}))
+		defer srv.Close()
+
+		tr := NewElevenLabsTranscriber("sk_test")
+		tr.apiBase = srv.URL
+
+		resp, err := tr.Transcribe(context.Background(), audioPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Transcribe() error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if resp.Text != "hello from elevenlabs" {
+			t.Errorf("Text = %q, want %q", resp.Text, "hello from elevenlabs")
+		}
+		if resp.Language != "en" {
+			t.Errorf("Language = %q, want %q", resp.Language, "en")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("api error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			http.Error(w, `{"error":"invalid_api_key"}`, http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		}))
+		defer srv.Close()
+
+		tr := NewElevenLabsTranscriber("sk_bad")
+		tr.apiBase = srv.URL
+
+		_, err := tr.Transcribe(context.Background(), audioPath)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error for non-200 response, got nil")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tr := NewElevenLabsTranscriber("sk_test")
+		_, err := tr.Transcribe(context.Background(), filepath.Join(tmpDir, "nonexistent.ogg"))
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error for missing file, got nil")
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/pkg/voice/groq_transcriber.go b/pkg/voice/groq_transcriber.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b42e598f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/voice/groq_transcriber.go
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package voice
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"mime/multipart"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/utils"
+)
+
+type GroqTranscriber struct {
+	apiKey     string
+	apiBase    string
+	httpClient *http.Client
+}
+
+func NewGroqTranscriber(apiKey string) *GroqTranscriber {
+	logger.DebugCF("voice", "Creating Groq transcriber", map[string]any{"has_api_key": apiKey != ""})
+
+	apiBase := "https://api.groq.com/openai/v1"
+	return &GroqTranscriber{
+		apiKey:  apiKey,
+		apiBase: apiBase,
+		httpClient: &http.Client{
+			Timeout: 60 * time.Second,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *GroqTranscriber) Transcribe(ctx context.Context, audioFilePath string) (*TranscriptionResponse, error) {
+	logger.InfoCF("voice", "Starting transcription", map[string]any{"audio_file": audioFilePath})
+
+	audioFile, err := os.Open(audioFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to open audio file", map[string]any{"path": audioFilePath, "error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open audio file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer audioFile.Close()
+
+	fileInfo, err := audioFile.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to get file info", map[string]any{"path": audioFilePath, "error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get file info: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	logger.DebugCF("voice", "Audio file details", map[string]any{
+		"size_bytes": fileInfo.Size(),
+		"file_name":  filepath.Base(audioFilePath),
+	})
+
+	var requestBody bytes.Buffer
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&requestBody)
+
+	part, err := writer.CreateFormFile("file", filepath.Base(audioFilePath))
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to create form file", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create form file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	copied, err := io.Copy(part, audioFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to copy file content", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to copy file content: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	logger.DebugCF("voice", "File copied to request", map[string]any{"bytes_copied": copied})
+
+	if err = writer.WriteField("model", "whisper-large-v3"); err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to write model field", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to write model field: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err = writer.WriteField("response_format", "json"); err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to write response_format field", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to write response_format field: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err = writer.Close(); err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to close multipart writer", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to close multipart writer: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	url := t.apiBase + "/audio/transcriptions"
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", url, &requestBody)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to create request", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+t.apiKey)
+
+	logger.DebugCF("voice", "Sending transcription request to Groq API", map[string]any{
+		"url":                url,
+		"request_size_bytes": requestBody.Len(),
+		"file_size_bytes":    fileInfo.Size(),
+	})
+
+	resp, err := t.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to send request", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to send request: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to read response", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "API error", map[string]any{
+			"status_code": resp.StatusCode,
+			"response":    string(body),
+		})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API error (status %d): %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+	}
+
+	logger.DebugCF("voice", "Received response from Groq API", map[string]any{
+		"status_code":         resp.StatusCode,
+		"response_size_bytes": len(body),
+	})
+
+	var result TranscriptionResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to unmarshal response", map[string]any{"error": err})
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	logger.InfoCF("voice", "Transcription completed successfully", map[string]any{
+		"text_length":           len(result.Text),
+		"language":              result.Language,
+		"duration_seconds":      result.Duration,
+		"transcription_preview": utils.Truncate(result.Text, 50),
+	})
+
+	return &result, nil
+}
+
+func (t *GroqTranscriber) Name() string {
+	return "groq"
+}
diff --git a/pkg/voice/groq_transcriber_test.go b/pkg/voice/groq_transcriber_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fdcaa7580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/voice/groq_transcriber_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package voice
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+var _ Transcriber = (*GroqTranscriber)(nil)
+
+func TestGroqTranscriberName(t *testing.T) {
+	tr := NewGroqTranscriber("sk-test")
+	if got := tr.Name(); got != "groq" {
+		t.Errorf("Name() = %q, want %q", got, "groq")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGroqTranscribe(t *testing.T) {
+	// Write a minimal fake audio file so the transcriber can open and send it.
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	audioPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "clip.ogg")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(audioPath, []byte("fake-audio-data"), 0o644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write fake audio file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			if r.URL.Path != "/audio/transcriptions" {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected path: %s", r.URL.Path)
+			}
+			if r.Header.Get("Authorization") != "Bearer sk-test" {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected Authorization header: %s", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+			}
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+			_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(TranscriptionResponse{
+				Text:     "hello world",
+				Language: "en",
+				Duration: 1.5,
+			})
+		}))
+		defer srv.Close()
+
+		tr := NewGroqTranscriber("sk-test")
+		tr.apiBase = srv.URL
+
+		resp, err := tr.Transcribe(context.Background(), audioPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Transcribe() error: %v", err)
+		}
+		if resp.Text != "hello world" {
+			t.Errorf("Text = %q, want %q", resp.Text, "hello world")
+		}
+		if resp.Language != "en" {
+			t.Errorf("Language = %q, want %q", resp.Language, "en")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("api error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			http.Error(w, `{"error":"invalid_api_key"}`, http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		}))
+		defer srv.Close()
+
+		tr := NewGroqTranscriber("sk-bad")
+		tr.apiBase = srv.URL
+
+		_, err := tr.Transcribe(context.Background(), audioPath)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error for non-200 response, got nil")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		tr := NewGroqTranscriber("sk-test")
+		_, err := tr.Transcribe(context.Background(), filepath.Join(tmpDir, "nonexistent.ogg"))
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("expected error for missing file, got nil")
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/pkg/voice/transcriber.go b/pkg/voice/transcriber.go
index e949d7a22..f56fdeedd 100644
--- a/pkg/voice/transcriber.go
+++ b/pkg/voice/transcriber.go
@@ -1,21 +1,11 @@
 package voice
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"mime/multipart"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
-	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/utils"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/providers"
 )
 
 type Transcriber interface {
@@ -23,157 +13,55 @@ type Transcriber interface {
 	Transcribe(ctx context.Context, audioFilePath string) (*TranscriptionResponse, error)
 }
 
-type GroqTranscriber struct {
-	apiKey     string
-	apiBase    string
-	httpClient *http.Client
-}
-
 type TranscriptionResponse struct {
 	Text     string  `json:"text"`
 	Language string  `json:"language,omitempty"`
 	Duration float64 `json:"duration,omitempty"`
 }
 
-func NewGroqTranscriber(apiKey string) *GroqTranscriber {
-	logger.DebugCF("voice", "Creating Groq transcriber", map[string]any{"has_api_key": apiKey != ""})
+func supportsAudioTranscription(model string) bool {
+	protocol, _ := providers.ExtractProtocol(model)
 
-	apiBase := "https://api.groq.com/openai/v1"
-	return &GroqTranscriber{
-		apiKey:  apiKey,
-		apiBase: apiBase,
-		httpClient: &http.Client{
-			Timeout: 60 * time.Second,
-		},
+	switch protocol {
+	case "openai", "azure", "azure-openai",
+		"litellm", "openrouter", "groq", "zhipu", "gemini", "nvidia",
+		"ollama", "moonshot", "shengsuanyun", "deepseek", "cerebras",
+		"vivgrid", "volcengine", "vllm", "qwen", "qwen-intl", "qwen-international", "dashscope-intl",
+		"qwen-us", "dashscope-us", "mistral", "avian", "minimax", "longcat", "modelscope", "novita",
+		"coding-plan", "alibaba-coding", "qwen-coding":
+		// These protocols all go through the OpenAI-compatible or Azure provider path in
+		// providers.CreateProviderFromConfig, so they are the only ones that can supply
+		// the audio media payload shape expected by NewAudioModelTranscriber.
+
+		// TODO: Further restrict this by modelID, since not every model under these
+		// protocols supports audio transcription.
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
 	}
 }
 
-func (t *GroqTranscriber) Transcribe(ctx context.Context, audioFilePath string) (*TranscriptionResponse, error) {
-	logger.InfoCF("voice", "Starting transcription", map[string]any{"audio_file": audioFilePath})
-
-	audioFile, err := os.Open(audioFilePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to open audio file", map[string]any{"path": audioFilePath, "error": err})
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open audio file: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer audioFile.Close()
-
-	fileInfo, err := audioFile.Stat()
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to get file info", map[string]any{"path": audioFilePath, "error": err})
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get file info: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	logger.DebugCF("voice", "Audio file details", map[string]any{
-		"size_bytes": fileInfo.Size(),
-		"file_name":  filepath.Base(audioFilePath),
-	})
-
-	var requestBody bytes.Buffer
-	writer := multipart.NewWriter(&requestBody)
-
-	part, err := writer.CreateFormFile("file", filepath.Base(audioFilePath))
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to create form file", map[string]any{"error": err})
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create form file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	copied, err := io.Copy(part, audioFile)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to copy file content", map[string]any{"error": err})
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to copy file content: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	logger.DebugCF("voice", "File copied to request", map[string]any{"bytes_copied": copied})
-
-	if err = writer.WriteField("model", "whisper-large-v3"); err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to write model field", map[string]any{"error": err})
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to write model field: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err = writer.WriteField("response_format", "json"); err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to write response_format field", map[string]any{"error": err})
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to write response_format field: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err = writer.Close(); err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to close multipart writer", map[string]any{"error": err})
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to close multipart writer: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	url := t.apiBase + "/audio/transcriptions"
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", url, &requestBody)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to create request", map[string]any{"error": err})
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
-	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+t.apiKey)
-
-	logger.DebugCF("voice", "Sending transcription request to Groq API", map[string]any{
-		"url":                url,
-		"request_size_bytes": requestBody.Len(),
-		"file_size_bytes":    fileInfo.Size(),
-	})
-
-	resp, err := t.httpClient.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to send request", map[string]any{"error": err})
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to send request: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to read response", map[string]any{"error": err})
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "API error", map[string]any{
-			"status_code": resp.StatusCode,
-			"response":    string(body),
-		})
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API error (status %d): %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
-	}
-
-	logger.DebugCF("voice", "Received response from Groq API", map[string]any{
-		"status_code":         resp.StatusCode,
-		"response_size_bytes": len(body),
-	})
-
-	var result TranscriptionResponse
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
-		logger.ErrorCF("voice", "Failed to unmarshal response", map[string]any{"error": err})
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	logger.InfoCF("voice", "Transcription completed successfully", map[string]any{
-		"text_length":           len(result.Text),
-		"language":              result.Language,
-		"duration_seconds":      result.Duration,
-		"transcription_preview": utils.Truncate(result.Text, 50),
-	})
-
-	return &result, nil
-}
-
-func (t *GroqTranscriber) Name() string {
-	return "groq"
-}
-
 // DetectTranscriber inspects cfg and returns the appropriate Transcriber, or
 // nil if no supported transcription provider is configured.
 func DetectTranscriber(cfg *config.Config) Transcriber {
-	// Direct Groq provider config takes priority.
-	if key := cfg.Providers.Groq.APIKey; key != "" {
-		return NewGroqTranscriber(key)
+	if modelName := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Voice.ModelName); modelName != "" {
+		modelCfg, err := cfg.GetModelConfig(modelName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if supportsAudioTranscription(modelCfg.Model) {
+			return NewAudioModelTranscriber(modelCfg)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// ElevenLabs voice config (supports Scribe STT).
+	if key := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Voice.ElevenLabsAPIKey); key != "" {
+		return NewElevenLabsTranscriber(key)
 	}
 	// Fall back to any model-list entry that uses the groq/ protocol.
 	for _, mc := range cfg.ModelList {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(mc.Model, "groq/") && mc.APIKey != "" {
-			return NewGroqTranscriber(mc.APIKey)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(mc.Model, "groq/") && mc.APIKey() != "" {
+			return NewGroqTranscriber(mc.APIKey())
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
diff --git a/pkg/voice/transcriber_test.go b/pkg/voice/transcriber_test.go
index 9b6add333..70a7fca8f 100644
--- a/pkg/voice/transcriber_test.go
+++ b/pkg/voice/transcriber_test.go
@@ -1,27 +1,11 @@
 package voice
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
 )
 
-// Ensure GroqTranscriber satisfies the Transcriber interface at compile time.
-var _ Transcriber = (*GroqTranscriber)(nil)
-
-func TestGroqTranscriberName(t *testing.T) {
-	tr := NewGroqTranscriber("sk-test")
-	if got := tr.Name(); got != "groq" {
-		t.Errorf("Name() = %q, want %q", got, "groq")
-	}
-}
-
 func TestDetectTranscriber(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name     string
@@ -35,45 +19,174 @@ func TestDetectTranscriber(t *testing.T) {
 			wantNil: true,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "groq provider key",
-			cfg: &config.Config{
-				Providers: config.ProvidersConfig{
-					Groq: config.ProviderConfig{APIKey: "sk-groq-direct"},
+			name: "voice model name selects audio model transcriber",
+			cfg: (&config.Config{
+				Voice: config.VoiceConfig{ModelName: "voice-gemini"},
+				ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+					{ModelName: "voice-gemini", Model: "gemini/gemini-2.5-flash"},
 				},
-			},
-			wantName: "groq",
+			}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+				ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+					"voice-gemini": {
+						APIKeys: []string{"sk-gemini-model"},
+					},
+				},
+			}),
+			wantName: "audio-model",
 		},
 		{
 			name: "groq via model list",
-			cfg: &config.Config{
-				ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-					{Model: "openai/gpt-4o", APIKey: "sk-openai"},
-					{Model: "groq/llama-3.3-70b", APIKey: "sk-groq-model"},
+			cfg: (&config.Config{
+				ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+					{ModelName: "openai", Model: "openai/gpt-4o"},
+					{ModelName: "groq", Model: "groq/llama-3.3-70b"},
 				},
-			},
+			}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+				ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+					"openai": {
+						APIKeys: []string{"sk-openai"},
+					},
+					"groq": {
+						APIKeys: []string{"sk-groq-model"},
+					},
+				},
+			}),
 			wantName: "groq",
 		},
+		{
+			name: "voice model name selects non-gemini audio model transcriber",
+			cfg: (&config.Config{
+				Voice: config.VoiceConfig{ModelName: "voice-openai-audio"},
+				ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+					{ModelName: "voice-openai-audio", Model: "openai/gpt-4o-audio-preview"},
+				},
+			}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+				ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+					"voice-openai-audio": {
+						APIKeys: []string{"sk-openai"},
+					},
+				},
+			}),
+			wantName: "audio-model",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "voice model name selects azure audio model transcriber",
+			cfg: (&config.Config{
+				Voice: config.VoiceConfig{ModelName: "voice-azure-audio"},
+				ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+					{
+						ModelName: "voice-azure-audio",
+						Model:     "azure/my-audio-deployment",
+						APIBase:   "https://example.openai.azure.com",
+					},
+				},
+			}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+				ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+					"voice-azure-audio": {
+						APIKeys: []string{"sk-azure"},
+					},
+				},
+			}),
+			wantName: "audio-model",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "voice model name with non openai compatible protocol does not select audio model transcriber",
+			cfg: (&config.Config{
+				Voice: config.VoiceConfig{ModelName: "voice-anthropic"},
+				ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+					{ModelName: "voice-anthropic", Model: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6"},
+				},
+			}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+				ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+					"voice-anthropic": {
+						APIKeys: []string{"sk-anthropic"},
+					},
+				},
+			}),
+			wantNil: true,
+		},
 		{
 			name: "groq model list entry without key is skipped",
 			cfg: &config.Config{
-				ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-					{Model: "groq/llama-3.3-70b", APIKey: ""},
+				ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+					{Model: "groq/llama-3.3-70b"},
 				},
 			},
 			wantNil: true,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "provider key takes priority over model list",
-			cfg: &config.Config{
-				Providers: config.ProvidersConfig{
-					Groq: config.ProviderConfig{APIKey: "sk-groq-direct"},
+			cfg: (&config.Config{
+				ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+					{ModelName: "groq", Model: "groq/llama-3.3-70b"},
 				},
-				ModelList: []config.ModelConfig{
-					{Model: "groq/llama-3.3-70b", APIKey: "sk-groq-model"},
+			}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+				ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+					"groq": {
+						APIKeys: []string{"sk-groq-model"},
+					},
 				},
-			},
+			}),
 			wantName: "groq",
 		},
+		{
+			name: "missing voice model name config returns nil",
+			cfg: (&config.Config{
+				Voice: config.VoiceConfig{ModelName: "missing"},
+				ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+					{ModelName: "other", Model: "gemini/gemini-2.5-flash"},
+				},
+			}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+				ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+					"other": {
+						APIKeys: []string{"sk-other-model"},
+					},
+				},
+			}),
+			wantNil: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "elevenlabs voice config key",
+			cfg: &config.Config{
+				Voice: config.VoiceConfig{ElevenLabsAPIKey: "sk_elevenlabs_test"},
+			},
+			wantName: "elevenlabs",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "elevenlabs takes priority over groq model list",
+			cfg: (&config.Config{
+				Voice: config.VoiceConfig{ElevenLabsAPIKey: "sk_elevenlabs_test"},
+				ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+					{ModelName: "groq", Model: "groq/llama-3.3-70b"},
+				},
+			}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+				ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+					"groq": {
+						APIKeys: []string{"sk-groq-direct"},
+					},
+				},
+			}),
+			wantName: "elevenlabs",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "voice model name takes priority over elevenlabs",
+			cfg: (&config.Config{
+				Voice: config.VoiceConfig{
+					ModelName:        "voice-gemini",
+					ElevenLabsAPIKey: "sk_elevenlabs_test",
+				},
+				ModelList: []*config.ModelConfig{
+					{ModelName: "voice-gemini", Model: "gemini/gemini-2.5-flash"},
+				},
+			}).WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+				ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+					"voice-gemini": {
+						APIKeys: []string{"sk-gemini-model"},
+					},
+				},
+			}),
+			wantName: "audio-model",
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range tests {
@@ -94,67 +207,3 @@ func TestDetectTranscriber(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func TestTranscribe(t *testing.T) {
-	// Write a minimal fake audio file so the transcriber can open and send it.
-	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
-	audioPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "clip.ogg")
-	if err := os.WriteFile(audioPath, []byte("fake-audio-data"), 0o644); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to write fake audio file: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	t.Run("success", func(t *testing.T) {
-		srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			if r.URL.Path != "/audio/transcriptions" {
-				t.Errorf("unexpected path: %s", r.URL.Path)
-			}
-			if r.Header.Get("Authorization") != "Bearer sk-test" {
-				t.Errorf("unexpected Authorization header: %s", r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
-			}
-			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-			_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(TranscriptionResponse{
-				Text:     "hello world",
-				Language: "en",
-				Duration: 1.5,
-			})
-		}))
-		defer srv.Close()
-
-		tr := NewGroqTranscriber("sk-test")
-		tr.apiBase = srv.URL
-
-		resp, err := tr.Transcribe(context.Background(), audioPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("Transcribe() error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if resp.Text != "hello world" {
-			t.Errorf("Text = %q, want %q", resp.Text, "hello world")
-		}
-		if resp.Language != "en" {
-			t.Errorf("Language = %q, want %q", resp.Language, "en")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("api error", func(t *testing.T) {
-		srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			http.Error(w, `{"error":"invalid_api_key"}`, http.StatusUnauthorized)
-		}))
-		defer srv.Close()
-
-		tr := NewGroqTranscriber("sk-bad")
-		tr.apiBase = srv.URL
-
-		_, err := tr.Transcribe(context.Background(), audioPath)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("expected error for non-200 response, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("missing file", func(t *testing.T) {
-		tr := NewGroqTranscriber("sk-test")
-		_, err := tr.Transcribe(context.Background(), filepath.Join(tmpDir, "nonexistent.ogg"))
-		if err == nil {
-			t.Fatal("expected error for missing file, got nil")
-		}
-	})
-}
diff --git a/web/backend/api/channels.go b/web/backend/api/channels.go
index 507882823..dd4c9af3d 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/channels.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/channels.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ type channelCatalogItem struct {
 }
 
 var channelCatalog = []channelCatalogItem{
+	{Name: "weixin", ConfigKey: "weixin"},
 	{Name: "telegram", ConfigKey: "telegram"},
 	{Name: "discord", ConfigKey: "discord"},
 	{Name: "slack", ConfigKey: "slack"},
@@ -21,8 +22,6 @@ var channelCatalog = []channelCatalogItem{
 	{Name: "qq", ConfigKey: "qq"},
 	{Name: "onebot", ConfigKey: "onebot"},
 	{Name: "wecom", ConfigKey: "wecom"},
-	{Name: "wecom_app", ConfigKey: "wecom_app"},
-	{Name: "wecom_aibot", ConfigKey: "wecom_aibot"},
 	{Name: "whatsapp", ConfigKey: "whatsapp", Variant: "bridge"},
 	{Name: "whatsapp_native", ConfigKey: "whatsapp", Variant: "native"},
 	{Name: "pico", ConfigKey: "pico"},
diff --git a/web/backend/api/config.go b/web/backend/api/config.go
index a7d5b3c5d..618b8438d 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/config.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/config.go
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"regexp"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
 )
 
 // registerConfigRoutes binds configuration management endpoints to the ServeMux.
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@ func (h *Handler) registerConfigRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux) {
 	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/config", h.handleGetConfig)
 	mux.HandleFunc("PUT /api/config", h.handleUpdateConfig)
 	mux.HandleFunc("PATCH /api/config", h.handlePatchConfig)
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/config/test-command-patterns", h.handleTestCommandPatterns)
 }
 
 // handleGetConfig returns the complete system configuration.
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpdateConfig(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	defer r.Body.Close()
 
 	var cfg config.Config
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &cfg); err != nil {
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &cfg); err != nil {
 		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid JSON: %v", err), http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
 	}
@@ -53,6 +56,15 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpdateConfig(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		cfg.Tools.Exec.AllowRemote = config.DefaultConfig().Tools.Exec.AllowRemote
 	}
 
+	// Load existing config and copy security credentials before validation,
+	// so that security-managed fields (e.g. pico token) are available.
+	oldCfg, err := config.LoadConfig(h.configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to load config: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+	cfg.SecurityCopyFrom(oldCfg)
+
 	if errs := validateConfig(&cfg); len(errs) > 0 {
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
@@ -63,6 +75,8 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpdateConfig(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	logger.Infof("configuration updated successfully")
+
 	if err := config.SaveConfig(h.configPath, &cfg); err != nil {
 		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to save config: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
@@ -140,6 +154,14 @@ func (h *Handler) handlePatchConfig(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Restore security fields (tokens/keys) from the loaded config before validation,
+	// because private fields are lost during JSON round-trip.
+	newCfg.SecurityCopyFrom(cfg)
+	if err := newCfg.ApplySecurity(); err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to apply security config: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
 	if errs := validateConfig(&newCfg); len(errs) > 0 {
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
@@ -159,6 +181,70 @@ func (h *Handler) handlePatchConfig(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{"status": "ok"})
 }
 
+// handleTestCommandPatterns tests a command against whitelist and blacklist patterns.
+//
+//	POST /api/config/test-command-patterns
+func (h *Handler) handleTestCommandPatterns(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(r.Body, 1<<20))
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "Failed to read request body", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	defer r.Body.Close()
+
+	var req struct {
+		AllowPatterns []string `json:"allow_patterns"`
+		DenyPatterns  []string `json:"deny_patterns"`
+		Command       string   `json:"command"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid JSON: %v", err), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	lower := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(req.Command))
+
+	type result struct {
+		Allowed          bool    `json:"allowed"`
+		Blocked          bool    `json:"blocked"`
+		MatchedWhitelist *string `json:"matched_whitelist,omitempty"`
+		MatchedBlacklist *string `json:"matched_blacklist,omitempty"`
+	}
+
+	resp := result{Allowed: false, Blocked: false}
+
+	// Check whitelist first
+	for _, pattern := range req.AllowPatterns {
+		re, err := regexp.Compile(pattern)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue // skip invalid patterns
+		}
+		if re.MatchString(lower) {
+			resp.Allowed = true
+			resp.MatchedWhitelist = &pattern
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+			json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(resp)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check blacklist
+	for _, pattern := range req.DenyPatterns {
+		re, err := regexp.Compile(pattern)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if re.MatchString(lower) {
+			resp.Blocked = true
+			resp.MatchedBlacklist = &pattern
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(resp)
+}
+
 // validateConfig checks the config for common errors before saving.
 // Returns a list of human-readable error strings; empty means valid.
 func validateConfig(cfg *config.Config) []string {
@@ -175,20 +261,29 @@ func validateConfig(cfg *config.Config) []string {
 	}
 
 	// Pico channel: token required when enabled
-	if cfg.Channels.Pico.Enabled && cfg.Channels.Pico.Token == "" {
+	if cfg.Channels.Pico.Enabled && cfg.Channels.Pico.Token() == "" {
 		errs = append(errs, "channels.pico.token is required when pico channel is enabled")
 	}
 
 	// Telegram: token required when enabled
-	if cfg.Channels.Telegram.Enabled && cfg.Channels.Telegram.Token == "" {
+	if cfg.Channels.Telegram.Enabled && cfg.Channels.Telegram.Token() == "" {
 		errs = append(errs, "channels.telegram.token is required when telegram channel is enabled")
 	}
 
 	// Discord: token required when enabled
-	if cfg.Channels.Discord.Enabled && cfg.Channels.Discord.Token == "" {
+	if cfg.Channels.Discord.Enabled && cfg.Channels.Discord.Token() == "" {
 		errs = append(errs, "channels.discord.token is required when discord channel is enabled")
 	}
 
+	if cfg.Channels.WeCom.Enabled {
+		if cfg.Channels.WeCom.BotID == "" {
+			errs = append(errs, "channels.wecom.bot_id is required when wecom channel is enabled")
+		}
+		if cfg.Channels.WeCom.Secret() == "" {
+			errs = append(errs, "channels.wecom.secret is required when wecom channel is enabled")
+		}
+	}
+
 	if cfg.Tools.Exec.Enabled {
 		if cfg.Tools.Exec.EnableDenyPatterns {
 			errs = append(
diff --git a/web/backend/api/config_test.go b/web/backend/api/config_test.go
index 54ec8e857..36acd95b0 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/config_test.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/config_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@ func TestHandleUpdateConfig_PreservesExecAllowRemoteDefaultWhenOmitted(t *testin
 	h.RegisterRoutes(mux)
 
 	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "/api/config", bytes.NewBufferString(`{
+"version": 1,
 		"agents": {
 			"defaults": {
 				"workspace": "~/.picoclaw/workspace"
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ func TestHandleUpdateConfig_PreservesExecAllowRemoteDefaultWhenOmitted(t *testin
 			{
 				"model_name": "custom-default",
 				"model": "openai/gpt-4o",
-				"api_key": "sk-default"
+				"api_keys": ["sk-default"]
 			}
 		]
 	}`))
@@ -140,6 +143,120 @@ func TestHandlePatchConfig_AllowsInvalidExecRegexPatternsWhenExecDisabled(t *tes
 	}
 }
 
+// setupPicoEnabledEnv creates a test environment with Pico channel enabled and
+// its token stored only in .security.yml (not in the JSON payload).
+func setupPicoEnabledEnv(t *testing.T) (string, func()) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	tmp := t.TempDir()
+	oldHome := os.Getenv("HOME")
+	oldPicoHome := os.Getenv("PICOCLAW_HOME")
+
+	if err := os.Setenv("HOME", tmp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("set HOME: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Setenv("PICOCLAW_HOME", filepath.Join(tmp, ".picoclaw")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("set PICOCLAW_HOME: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{{
+		ModelName: "custom-default",
+		Model:     "openai/gpt-4o",
+	}}
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "custom-default"
+	cfg.Channels.Pico.Enabled = true
+	cfg.WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+		ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+			"custom-default": {APIKeys: []string{"sk-default"}},
+		},
+		Channels: &config.ChannelsSecurity{
+			Pico: &config.PicoSecurity{Token: "test-pico-token"},
+		},
+	})
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmp, "config.json")
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cleanup := func() {
+		_ = os.Setenv("HOME", oldHome)
+		if oldPicoHome == "" {
+			_ = os.Unsetenv("PICOCLAW_HOME")
+		} else {
+			_ = os.Setenv("PICOCLAW_HOME", oldPicoHome)
+		}
+	}
+	return configPath, cleanup
+}
+
+func TestHandleUpdateConfig_SucceedsWhenPicoTokenInSecurityOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath, cleanup := setupPicoEnabledEnv(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	h.RegisterRoutes(mux)
+
+	// PUT request with pico enabled but no token in JSON — token is in .security.yml
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPut, "/api/config", bytes.NewBufferString(`{
+		"version": 1,
+		"agents": {
+			"defaults": {
+				"workspace": "~/.picoclaw/workspace",
+				"model_name": "custom-default"
+			}
+		},
+		"channels": {
+			"pico": {
+				"enabled": true,
+				"ping_interval": 30,
+				"read_timeout": 60,
+				"write_timeout": 10,
+				"max_connections": 100
+			}
+		},
+		"model_list": [
+			{
+				"model_name": "custom-default",
+				"model": "openai/gpt-4o",
+				"api_keys": ["sk-default"]
+			}
+		]
+	}`))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("PUT /api/config status = %d, want %d, body=%s", rec.Code, http.StatusOK, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandlePatchConfig_SucceedsWhenPicoTokenInSecurityOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath, cleanup := setupPicoEnabledEnv(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	h.RegisterRoutes(mux)
+
+	// PATCH request changing an unrelated field — pico token still in .security.yml
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPatch, "/api/config", bytes.NewBufferString(`{
+		"gateway": {
+			"log_level": "info"
+		}
+	}`))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("PATCH /api/config status = %d, want %d, body=%s", rec.Code, http.StatusOK, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
 func TestHandlePatchConfig_AllowsInvalidDenyRegexPatternsWhenDenyPatternsDisabled(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath, cleanup := setupOAuthTestEnv(t)
 	defer cleanup()
@@ -165,3 +282,170 @@ func TestHandlePatchConfig_AllowsInvalidDenyRegexPatternsWhenDenyPatternsDisable
 		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d, body=%s", rec.Code, http.StatusOK, rec.Body.String())
 	}
 }
+
+// testCommandPatterns is a helper that sets up a handler and sends a test-command-patterns request.
+func testCommandPatterns(t *testing.T, configPath string, body string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+	t.Helper()
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	h.RegisterRoutes(mux)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/config/test-command-patterns", bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	return rec
+}
+
+func TestHandleTestCommandPatterns_MatchesWhitelist(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath, cleanup := setupOAuthTestEnv(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	rec := testCommandPatterns(t, configPath, `{
+		"allow_patterns": ["^echo\\s+hello"],
+		"deny_patterns": ["^rm\\s+-rf"],
+		"command": "echo hello world"
+	}`)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d, body=%s", rec.Code, http.StatusOK, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if !bytes.Contains(rec.Body.Bytes(), []byte(`"allowed":true`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected allowed=true, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if bytes.Contains(rec.Body.Bytes(), []byte(`"blocked":true`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected blocked=false when whitelist matches, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleTestCommandPatterns_MatchesBlacklistNotWhitelist(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath, cleanup := setupOAuthTestEnv(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	rec := testCommandPatterns(t, configPath, `{
+		"allow_patterns": ["^echo\\s+hello"],
+		"deny_patterns": ["^rm\\s+-rf"],
+		"command": "rm -rf /tmp"
+	}`)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d, body=%s", rec.Code, http.StatusOK, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if !bytes.Contains(rec.Body.Bytes(), []byte(`"blocked":true`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected blocked=true, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if bytes.Contains(rec.Body.Bytes(), []byte(`"allowed":true`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected allowed=false when blacklist matches but not whitelist, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleTestCommandPatterns_MatchesNeither(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath, cleanup := setupOAuthTestEnv(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	rec := testCommandPatterns(t, configPath, `{
+		"allow_patterns": ["^echo\\s+hello"],
+		"deny_patterns": ["^rm\\s+-rf"],
+		"command": "ls -la"
+	}`)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d, body=%s", rec.Code, http.StatusOK, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if bytes.Contains(rec.Body.Bytes(), []byte(`"allowed":true`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected allowed=false, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if bytes.Contains(rec.Body.Bytes(), []byte(`"blocked":true`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected blocked=false, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleTestCommandPatterns_CaseInsensitiveWithGoFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath, cleanup := setupOAuthTestEnv(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	rec := testCommandPatterns(t, configPath, `{
+		"allow_patterns": ["(?i)^ECHO"],
+		"deny_patterns": [],
+		"command": "echo hello"
+	}`)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d, body=%s", rec.Code, http.StatusOK, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if !bytes.Contains(rec.Body.Bytes(), []byte(`"allowed":true`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected allowed=true with Go (?i) flag, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleTestCommandPatterns_EmptyPatterns(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath, cleanup := setupOAuthTestEnv(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	rec := testCommandPatterns(t, configPath, `{
+		"allow_patterns": [],
+		"deny_patterns": [],
+		"command": "rm -rf /tmp"
+	}`)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d, body=%s", rec.Code, http.StatusOK, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if bytes.Contains(rec.Body.Bytes(), []byte(`"allowed":true`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected allowed=false with empty patterns, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if bytes.Contains(rec.Body.Bytes(), []byte(`"blocked":true`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected blocked=false with empty patterns, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleTestCommandPatterns_InvalidRegexSkipped(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath, cleanup := setupOAuthTestEnv(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	rec := testCommandPatterns(t, configPath, `{
+		"allow_patterns": ["([[", "^echo"],
+		"deny_patterns": [],
+		"command": "echo hello"
+	}`)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d, body=%s", rec.Code, http.StatusOK, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if !bytes.Contains(rec.Body.Bytes(), []byte(`"allowed":true`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected allowed=true, invalid pattern skipped and valid one matched, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleTestCommandPatterns_ReturnsMatchedPattern(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath, cleanup := setupOAuthTestEnv(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	rec := testCommandPatterns(t, configPath, `{
+		"allow_patterns": [],
+		"deny_patterns": ["\\$(?i)[a-zA-Z_]*(SECRET|KEY|PASSWORD|TOKEN|AUTH)[a-zA-Z0-9_]*"],
+		"command": "echo $GITHUB_API_KEY"
+	}`)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d, body=%s", rec.Code, http.StatusOK, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if !bytes.Contains(rec.Body.Bytes(), []byte(`"blocked":true`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected blocked=true, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if !bytes.Contains(rec.Body.Bytes(), []byte(`matched_blacklist`)) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected matched_blacklist field, body=%s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleTestCommandPatterns_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath, cleanup := setupOAuthTestEnv(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	h.RegisterRoutes(mux)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(
+		http.MethodPost,
+		"/api/config/test-command-patterns",
+		bytes.NewBufferString(`{invalid json}`),
+	)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusBadRequest {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d, body=%s", rec.Code, http.StatusBadRequest, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
diff --git a/web/backend/api/gateway.go b/web/backend/api/gateway.go
index d5ccd6e29..4bde5ce82 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/gateway.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/gateway.go
@@ -159,10 +159,10 @@ func (h *Handler) gatewayStartReady() (bool, string, error) {
 		return false, fmt.Sprintf("default model %q is invalid", modelName), nil
 	}
 
-	if !hasModelConfiguration(*modelCfg) {
+	if !hasModelConfiguration(modelCfg) {
 		return false, fmt.Sprintf("default model %q has no credentials configured", modelName), nil
 	}
-	if requiresRuntimeProbe(*modelCfg) && !probeLocalModelAvailability(*modelCfg) {
+	if requiresRuntimeProbe(modelCfg) && !probeLocalModelAvailability(modelCfg) {
 		return false, fmt.Sprintf("default model %q is not reachable", modelName), nil
 	}
 
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ func (h *Handler) startGatewayLocked(initialStatus string, existingPid int) (int
 	gateway.logs.Reset()
 
 	// Ensure Pico Channel is configured before starting gateway
-	if _, err := h.ensurePicoChannel(""); err != nil {
+	if _, err := h.EnsurePicoChannel(""); err != nil {
 		logger.ErrorC("gateway", fmt.Sprintf("Warning: failed to ensure pico channel: %v", err))
 		// Non-fatal: gateway can still start without pico channel
 	}
diff --git a/web/backend/api/gateway_test.go b/web/backend/api/gateway_test.go
index 5c94f0b89..a5ba2bad2 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/gateway_test.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/gateway_test.go
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ func TestGatewayStartReady_NoDefaultModel(t *testing.T) {
 func TestGatewayStartReady_InvalidDefaultModel(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
-	cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = "missing-model"
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "missing-model"
 	err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func TestGatewayStartReady_ValidDefaultModel(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = cfg.ModelList[0].ModelName
-	cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey = "test-key"
+	cfg.ModelList[0].SetAPIKey("test-key")
 	err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func TestGatewayStartReady_DefaultModelWithoutCredential(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = cfg.ModelList[0].ModelName
-	cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey = ""
+	cfg.ModelList[0].SetAPIKey("")
 	cfg.ModelList[0].AuthMethod = ""
 	err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ func TestGatewayStartReady_LocalModelWithoutAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
 	defer cleanup()
 	resetModelProbeHooks(t)
 
-	probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc = func(apiBase, modelID string) bool {
+	probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc = func(apiBase, modelID, apiKey string) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ func TestGatewayStartReady_LocalModelWithoutAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{{
 		ModelName: "local-vllm",
 		Model:     "vllm/custom-model",
 		APIBase:   "http://localhost:8000/v1",
@@ -206,15 +206,15 @@ func TestGatewayStartReady_LocalModelWithRunningService(t *testing.T) {
 	defer cleanup()
 	resetModelProbeHooks(t)
 
-	probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc = func(apiBase, modelID string) bool {
-		return apiBase == "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1" && modelID == "custom-model"
+	probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc = func(apiBase, modelID, apiKey string) bool {
+		return apiBase == "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1" && modelID == "custom-model" && apiKey == ""
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{{
 		ModelName: "local-vllm",
 		Model:     "vllm/custom-model",
 		APIBase:   "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1",
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ func TestGatewayStartReady_RemoteVLLMWithAPIKeyDoesNotProbe(t *testing.T) {
 	defer cleanup()
 	resetModelProbeHooks(t)
 
-	probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc = func(apiBase, modelID string) bool {
+	probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc = func(apiBase, modelID, apiKey string) bool {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected OpenAI-compatible probe for %q (%q)", apiBase, modelID)
 		return false
 	}
@@ -249,12 +249,12 @@ func TestGatewayStartReady_RemoteVLLMWithAPIKeyDoesNotProbe(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{{
 		ModelName: "remote-vllm",
 		Model:     "vllm/custom-model",
 		APIBase:   "https://models.example.com/v1",
-		APIKey:    "remote-key",
 	}}
+	cfg.ModelList[0o0].SetAPIKey("remote-key")
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "remote-vllm"
 	err = config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ func TestGatewayStartReady_LocalOllamaUsesDefaultProbeBase(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{{
 		ModelName: "local-ollama",
 		Model:     "ollama/llama3",
 	}}
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ func TestGatewayStartReady_OAuthModelRequiresStoredCredential(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{{
 		ModelName:  "openai-oauth",
 		Model:      "openai/gpt-5.4",
 		AuthMethod: "oauth",
@@ -483,12 +483,12 @@ func TestGatewayStatusRequiresRestartAfterDefaultModelChange(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = cfg.ModelList[0].ModelName
-	cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey = "test-key"
-	cfg.ModelList = append(cfg.ModelList, config.ModelConfig{
+	cfg.ModelList[0].SetAPIKey("test-key")
+	cfg.ModelList = append(cfg.ModelList, &config.ModelConfig{
 		ModelName: "second-model",
 		Model:     "openai/gpt-4.1",
-		APIKey:    "second-key",
 	})
+	cfg.ModelList[len(cfg.ModelList)-1].SetAPIKey("second-key")
 	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
@@ -596,6 +596,11 @@ func TestGatewayStatusReturnsErrorAfterStartupWindowExpires(t *testing.T) {
 func TestGatewayStatusReturnsRestartingDuringRestartGap(t *testing.T) {
 	resetGatewayTestState(t)
 
+	// Mock health check to return error, so it won't override our "restarting" status
+	gatewayHealthGet = func(url string, timeout time.Duration) (*http.Response, error) {
+		return nil, errors.New("mock health check error")
+	}
+
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	h := NewHandler(configPath)
 	mux := http.NewServeMux()
@@ -627,7 +632,7 @@ func TestGatewayRestartKeepsRunningProcessWhenPreconditionsFail(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = cfg.ModelList[0].ModelName
-	cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey = ""
+	cfg.ModelList[0].SetAPIKey("")
 	cfg.ModelList[0].AuthMethod = ""
 	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
@@ -680,7 +685,7 @@ func TestGatewayRestartKeepsOldProcessWhenItDoesNotExitInTime(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = cfg.ModelList[0].ModelName
-	cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey = "test-key"
+	cfg.ModelList[0].SetAPIKey("test-key")
 	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
@@ -738,10 +743,15 @@ func TestGatewayRestartKeepsOldProcessWhenItDoesNotExitInTime(t *testing.T) {
 func TestGatewayRestartReturnsErrorStatusWhenReplacementFailsToStart(t *testing.T) {
 	resetGatewayTestState(t)
 
+	// Mock health check to return error, so it won't override our "error" status
+	gatewayHealthGet = func(url string, timeout time.Duration) (*http.Response, error) {
+		return nil, errors.New("mock health check error")
+	}
+
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = cfg.ModelList[0].ModelName
-	cfg.ModelList[0].APIKey = "test-key"
+	cfg.ModelList[0].SetAPIKey("test-key")
 	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/web/backend/api/model_status.go b/web/backend/api/model_status.go
index 22bf5c15b..aeef85119 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/model_status.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/model_status.go
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ var (
 	probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc = probeOpenAICompatibleModel
 )
 
-func hasModelConfiguration(m config.ModelConfig) bool {
+func hasModelConfiguration(m *config.ModelConfig) bool {
 	authMethod := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(m.AuthMethod))
-	apiKey := strings.TrimSpace(m.APIKey)
+	apiKey := strings.TrimSpace(m.APIKey())
 
 	if authMethod == "oauth" || authMethod == "token" {
 		if provider, ok := oauthProviderForModel(m.Model); ok {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func hasModelConfiguration(m config.ModelConfig) bool {
 
 // isModelConfigured reports whether a model is currently available to use.
 // Local models must be reachable; remote/API-key models only need saved config.
-func isModelConfigured(m config.ModelConfig) bool {
+func isModelConfigured(m *config.ModelConfig) bool {
 	if !hasModelConfiguration(m) {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func isModelConfigured(m config.ModelConfig) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-func requiresRuntimeProbe(m config.ModelConfig) bool {
+func requiresRuntimeProbe(m *config.ModelConfig) bool {
 	authMethod := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(m.AuthMethod))
 	if authMethod == "local" {
 		return true
@@ -75,27 +75,27 @@ func requiresRuntimeProbe(m config.ModelConfig) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func probeLocalModelAvailability(m config.ModelConfig) bool {
+func probeLocalModelAvailability(m *config.ModelConfig) bool {
 	apiBase := modelProbeAPIBase(m)
 	protocol, modelID := splitModel(m.Model)
 	switch protocol {
 	case "ollama":
 		return probeOllamaModelFunc(apiBase, modelID)
 	case "vllm":
-		return probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc(apiBase, modelID)
+		return probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc(apiBase, modelID, m.APIKey())
 	case "github-copilot", "copilot":
 		return probeTCPServiceFunc(apiBase)
 	case "claude-cli", "claudecli", "codex-cli", "codexcli":
 		return true
 	default:
 		if hasLocalAPIBase(apiBase) {
-			return probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc(apiBase, modelID)
+			return probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc(apiBase, modelID, m.APIKey())
 		}
 		return false
 	}
 }
 
-func modelProbeAPIBase(m config.ModelConfig) string {
+func modelProbeAPIBase(m *config.ModelConfig) string {
 	if apiBase := strings.TrimSpace(m.APIBase); apiBase != "" {
 		return normalizeModelProbeAPIBase(apiBase)
 	}
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ func probeOllamaModel(apiBase, modelID string) bool {
 			Model string `json:"model"`
 		} `json:"models"`
 	}
-	if err := getJSON(root+"/api/tags", &resp); err != nil {
+	if err := getJSON(root+"/api/tags", &resp, ""); err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ func probeOllamaModel(apiBase, modelID string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func probeOpenAICompatibleModel(apiBase, modelID string) bool {
+func probeOpenAICompatibleModel(apiBase, modelID, apiKey string) bool {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(apiBase) == "" {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ func probeOpenAICompatibleModel(apiBase, modelID string) bool {
 			ID string `json:"id"`
 		} `json:"data"`
 	}
-	if err := getJSON(strings.TrimRight(strings.TrimSpace(apiBase), "/")+"/models", &resp); err != nil {
+	if err := getJSON(strings.TrimRight(strings.TrimSpace(apiBase), "/")+"/models", &resp, apiKey); err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -243,11 +243,14 @@ func probeOpenAICompatibleModel(apiBase, modelID string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func getJSON(rawURL string, out any) error {
+func getJSON(rawURL string, out any, apiKey string) error {
 	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, rawURL, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if apiKey = strings.TrimSpace(apiKey); apiKey != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+apiKey)
+	}
 
 	client := &http.Client{Timeout: modelProbeTimeout}
 	resp, err := client.Do(req)
diff --git a/web/backend/api/model_status_test.go b/web/backend/api/model_status_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df942a9e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/backend/api/model_status_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+func TestProbeLocalModelAvailability_OpenAICompatibleIncludesAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
+	const apiKey = "test-api-key"
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/v1/models" {
+			t.Fatalf("path = %q, want %q", r.URL.Path, "/v1/models")
+		}
+		if got := r.Header.Get("Authorization"); got != "Bearer "+apiKey {
+			http.Error(w, "missing auth", http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			return
+		}
+
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"data":[{"id":"custom-model"}]}`))
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	model := &config.ModelConfig{
+		Model:   "openai/custom-model",
+		APIBase: srv.URL + "/v1",
+	}
+	model.SetAPIKey(apiKey)
+
+	if !probeLocalModelAvailability(model) {
+		t.Fatal("probeLocalModelAvailability() = false, want true when api_key is configured")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/web/backend/api/models.go b/web/backend/api/models.go
index 7f3d29c77..38a55948b 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/models.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/models.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
 )
 
 // registerModelRoutes binds model list management endpoints to the ServeMux.
@@ -31,15 +32,17 @@ type modelResponse struct {
 	Proxy      string `json:"proxy,omitempty"`
 	AuthMethod string `json:"auth_method,omitempty"`
 	// Advanced fields
-	ConnectMode    string `json:"connect_mode,omitempty"`
-	Workspace      string `json:"workspace,omitempty"`
-	RPM            int    `json:"rpm,omitempty"`
-	MaxTokensField string `json:"max_tokens_field,omitempty"`
-	RequestTimeout int    `json:"request_timeout,omitempty"`
-	ThinkingLevel  string `json:"thinking_level,omitempty"`
+	ConnectMode    string         `json:"connect_mode,omitempty"`
+	Workspace      string         `json:"workspace,omitempty"`
+	RPM            int            `json:"rpm,omitempty"`
+	MaxTokensField string         `json:"max_tokens_field,omitempty"`
+	RequestTimeout int            `json:"request_timeout,omitempty"`
+	ThinkingLevel  string         `json:"thinking_level,omitempty"`
+	ExtraBody      map[string]any `json:"extra_body,omitempty"`
 	// Meta
 	Configured bool `json:"configured"`
 	IsDefault  bool `json:"is_default"`
+	IsVirtual  bool `json:"is_virtual"`
 }
 
 // handleListModels returns all model_list entries with masked API keys.
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleListModels(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	wg.Add(len(cfg.ModelList))
 	for i, m := range cfg.ModelList {
-		go func(i int, m config.ModelConfig) {
+		go func(i int, m *config.ModelConfig) {
 			defer wg.Done()
 			configured[i] = isModelConfigured(m)
 		}(i, m)
@@ -72,7 +75,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleListModels(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			ModelName:      m.ModelName,
 			Model:          m.Model,
 			APIBase:        m.APIBase,
-			APIKey:         maskAPIKey(m.APIKey),
+			APIKey:         maskAPIKey(m.APIKey()),
 			Proxy:          m.Proxy,
 			AuthMethod:     m.AuthMethod,
 			ConnectMode:    m.ConnectMode,
@@ -81,8 +84,10 @@ func (h *Handler) handleListModels(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			MaxTokensField: m.MaxTokensField,
 			RequestTimeout: m.RequestTimeout,
 			ThinkingLevel:  m.ThinkingLevel,
+			ExtraBody:      m.ExtraBody,
 			Configured:     configured[i],
 			IsDefault:      m.ModelName == defaultModel,
+			IsVirtual:      m.IsVirtual(),
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -105,7 +110,12 @@ func (h *Handler) handleAddModel(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 	defer r.Body.Close()
 
-	var mc config.ModelConfig
+	type custom struct {
+		config.ModelConfig
+		APIKey string `json:"api_key"`
+	}
+
+	var mc custom
 	if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &mc); err != nil {
 		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid JSON: %v", err), http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
@@ -116,13 +126,17 @@ func (h *Handler) handleAddModel(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	if mc.APIKey != "" {
+		mc.ModelConfig.SetAPIKey(mc.APIKey)
+	}
+
 	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(h.configPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to load config: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 
-	cfg.ModelList = append(cfg.ModelList, mc)
+	cfg.ModelList = append(cfg.ModelList, &mc.ModelConfig)
 
 	if err := config.SaveConfig(h.configPath, cfg); err != nil {
 		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to save config: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
@@ -156,7 +170,12 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpdateModel(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 	defer r.Body.Close()
 
-	var mc config.ModelConfig
+	type custom struct {
+		config.ModelConfig
+		APIKey string `json:"api_key"`
+	}
+
+	var mc custom
 	if err = json.Unmarshal(body, &mc); err != nil {
 		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid JSON: %v", err), http.StatusBadRequest)
 		return
@@ -181,10 +200,22 @@ func (h *Handler) handleUpdateModel(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// Preserve the existing API key when the caller omits it (empty string).
 	// This lets the UI update api_base / proxy without clearing the stored secret.
 	if mc.APIKey == "" {
-		mc.APIKey = cfg.ModelList[idx].APIKey
+		mc.ModelConfig.SetAPIKey(cfg.ModelList[idx].APIKey())
+	} else {
+		mc.ModelConfig.SetAPIKey(mc.APIKey)
+	}
+	// Preserve existing ExtraBody when omitted (nil), but clear it when
+	// the frontend sends an empty object {} to indicate the field should
+	// be removed.
+	if mc.ExtraBody == nil {
+		mc.ExtraBody = cfg.ModelList[idx].ExtraBody
+	} else if len(mc.ExtraBody) == 0 {
+		mc.ExtraBody = nil
 	}
 
-	cfg.ModelList[idx] = mc
+	cfg.ModelList[idx] = &mc.ModelConfig
+
+	logger.Debugf("update model config: %#v", mc.ModelConfig)
 
 	if err := config.SaveConfig(h.configPath, cfg); err != nil {
 		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to save config: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
@@ -224,9 +255,6 @@ func (h *Handler) handleDeleteModel(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName == deletedModelName {
 		cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = ""
 	}
-	if cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model == deletedModelName {
-		cfg.Agents.Defaults.Model = ""
-	}
 
 	if err := config.SaveConfig(h.configPath, cfg); err != nil {
 		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to save config: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
@@ -267,11 +295,13 @@ func (h *Handler) handleSetDefaultModel(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Verify the model_name exists in model_list
+	// Verify the model_name exists in model_list and is not a virtual model
 	found := false
+	isVirtual := false
 	for _, m := range cfg.ModelList {
 		if m.ModelName == req.ModelName {
 			found = true
+			isVirtual = m.IsVirtual()
 			break
 		}
 	}
@@ -279,6 +309,10 @@ func (h *Handler) handleSetDefaultModel(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Model %q not found in model_list", req.ModelName), http.StatusNotFound)
 		return
 	}
+	if isVirtual {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Cannot set virtual model %q as default", req.ModelName), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
 
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = req.ModelName
 
@@ -295,16 +329,25 @@ func (h *Handler) handleSetDefaultModel(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 }
 
 // maskAPIKey returns a masked version of an API key for safe display.
-// Keys longer than 8 chars show prefix + last 4 chars: "sk-****abcd"
+// Keys longer than 12 chars show prefix + last 4 chars: "sk-****abcd".
+// Keys 9-12 chars show prefix + last 2 chars: "sk-****cd".
 // Shorter keys are fully masked as "****".
 // Empty keys return empty string.
+// Ensure at least 40% of the key will not be displayed.
 func maskAPIKey(key string) string {
 	if key == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
+
 	if len(key) <= 8 {
 		return "****"
 	}
+
+	// Show first 3 chars and last 2 chars
+	if len(key) <= 12 {
+		return key[:3] + "****" + key[len(key)-2:]
+	}
+
 	// Show first 3 chars and last 4 chars
 	return key[:3] + "****" + key[len(key)-4:]
 }
diff --git a/web/backend/api/models_test.go b/web/backend/api/models_test.go
index 2377b5b66..c80527fe3 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/models_test.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/models_test.go
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package api
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -36,11 +38,11 @@ func TestHandleListModels_ConfiguredStatusUsesRuntimeProbesForLocalModels(t *tes
 	var ollamaProbes []string
 	var tcpProbes []string
 
-	probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc = func(apiBase, modelID string) bool {
+	probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc = func(apiBase, modelID, apiKey string) bool {
 		mu.Lock()
-		openAIProbes = append(openAIProbes, apiBase+"|"+modelID)
+		openAIProbes = append(openAIProbes, apiBase+"|"+modelID+"|"+apiKey)
 		mu.Unlock()
-		return apiBase == "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1" && modelID == "custom-model"
+		return apiBase == "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1" && modelID == "custom-model" && apiKey == ""
 	}
 	probeOllamaModelFunc = func(apiBase, modelID string) bool {
 		mu.Lock()
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ func TestHandleListModels_ConfiguredStatusUsesRuntimeProbesForLocalModels(t *tes
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{
 		{
 			ModelName:  "openai-oauth",
 			Model:      "openai/gpt-5.4",
@@ -78,7 +80,6 @@ func TestHandleListModels_ConfiguredStatusUsesRuntimeProbesForLocalModels(t *tes
 			ModelName: "vllm-remote",
 			Model:     "vllm/custom-model",
 			APIBase:   "https://models.example.com/v1",
-			APIKey:    "remote-key",
 		},
 		{
 			ModelName:  "copilot-gpt-5.4",
@@ -87,6 +88,11 @@ func TestHandleListModels_ConfiguredStatusUsesRuntimeProbesForLocalModels(t *tes
 			AuthMethod: "oauth",
 		},
 	}
+	cfg.WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+		"vllm-remote": {
+			APIKeys: []string{"remote-key"},
+		},
+	}})
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "openai-oauth"
 	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
@@ -131,7 +137,7 @@ func TestHandleListModels_ConfiguredStatusUsesRuntimeProbesForLocalModels(t *tes
 	if !got["copilot-gpt-5.4"] {
 		t.Fatalf("copilot model configured = false, want true when local bridge probe succeeds")
 	}
-	if len(openAIProbes) != 1 || openAIProbes[0] != "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1|custom-model" {
+	if len(openAIProbes) != 1 || openAIProbes[0] != "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1|custom-model|" {
 		t.Fatalf("openAI probes = %#v, want only local vllm probe", openAIProbes)
 	}
 	if len(ollamaProbes) != 1 || ollamaProbes[0] != "http://localhost:11434/v1|llama3" {
@@ -152,7 +158,7 @@ func TestHandleListModels_ConfiguredStatusForOAuthModelWithCredential(t *testing
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{{
 		ModelName:  "claude-oauth",
 		Model:      "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
 		AuthMethod: "oauth",
@@ -205,7 +211,7 @@ func TestHandleListModels_ProbesLocalModelsConcurrently(t *testing.T) {
 	started := make(chan string, 2)
 	release := make(chan struct{})
 
-	probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc = func(apiBase, modelID string) bool {
+	probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc = func(apiBase, modelID, apiKey string) bool {
 		started <- apiBase + "|" + modelID
 		<-release
 		return true
@@ -215,7 +221,7 @@ func TestHandleListModels_ProbesLocalModelsConcurrently(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{
 		{
 			ModelName: "local-vllm-a",
 			Model:     "vllm/custom-a",
@@ -265,16 +271,16 @@ func TestHandleListModels_NormalizesWildcardLocalAPIBaseForProbe(t *testing.T) {
 	resetModelProbeHooks(t)
 
 	var gotProbe string
-	probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc = func(apiBase, modelID string) bool {
-		gotProbe = apiBase + "|" + modelID
-		return apiBase == "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1" && modelID == "custom-model"
+	probeOpenAICompatibleModelFunc = func(apiBase, modelID, apiKey string) bool {
+		gotProbe = apiBase + "|" + modelID + "|" + apiKey
+		return apiBase == "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1" && modelID == "custom-model" && apiKey == ""
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{{
 		ModelName: "vllm-local",
 		Model:     "vllm/custom-model",
 		APIBase:   "http://0.0.0.0:8000/v1",
@@ -307,7 +313,156 @@ func TestHandleListModels_NormalizesWildcardLocalAPIBaseForProbe(t *testing.T) {
 	if !resp.Models[0].Configured {
 		t.Fatal("wildcard-bound local model configured = false, want true after probe host normalization")
 	}
-	if gotProbe != "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1|custom-model" {
-		t.Fatalf("probe api base = %q, want %q", gotProbe, "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1|custom-model")
+	if gotProbe != "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1|custom-model|" {
+		t.Fatalf("probe api base = %q, want %q", gotProbe, "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1|custom-model|")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandleAddModel_PersistsAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath, cleanup := setupOAuthTestEnv(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	h.RegisterRoutes(mux)
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/models", bytes.NewBufferString(`{
+		"model_name":"new-model",
+		"model":"openai/gpt-4o-mini",
+		"api_key":"sk-new-model-key"
+	}`))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d, body=%s", rec.Code, http.StatusOK, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(cfg.ModelList) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("len(model_list) = %d, want 2", len(cfg.ModelList))
+	}
+
+	added := cfg.ModelList[1]
+	if added.ModelName != "new-model" {
+		t.Fatalf("model_name = %q, want %q", added.ModelName, "new-model")
+	}
+	if added.APIKey() != "sk-new-model-key" {
+		t.Fatalf("api_key = %q, want %q", added.APIKey(), "sk-new-model-key")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHandleSetDefaultModel_RejectsNonexistentModel tests that setting a non-existent
+// model as default returns 404. This covers the case where virtual models (which are
+// filtered by SaveConfig) cannot be set as default.
+func TestHandleSetDefaultModel_RejectsNonexistentModel(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath, cleanup := setupOAuthTestEnv(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	// First save a valid config with a primary model
+	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{
+		{ModelName: "gpt-4", Model: "openai/gpt-4o"},
+	}
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Try to set a non-existent model (like a virtual model name) as default
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	h.RegisterRoutes(mux)
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/api/models/default", bytes.NewBufferString(`{
+		"model_name": "gpt-4__key_1"
+	}`))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	mux.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	// Should return 404 because the virtual model doesn't exist in the persisted config
+	if rec.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d, body=%s", rec.Code, http.StatusNotFound, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(rec.Body.String(), "not found") {
+		t.Fatalf("error message should mention 'not found', got: %s", rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMaskAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		key  string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "empty key",
+			key:  "",
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "short key fully masked",
+			key:  "abcd",
+			want: "****",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "length 8 boundary fully masked",
+			key:  "12345678",
+			want: "****",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "length 9 boundary shows last 2",
+			key:  "123456789",
+			want: "123****89",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "length 12 boundary shows last 2",
+			key:  "abcdefghijkl",
+			want: "abc****kl",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "length 13 boundary shows last 4",
+			key:  "abcdefghijklm",
+			want: "abc****jklm",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "typical api key",
+			key:  "sk-1234567890abcd",
+			want: "sk-****abcd",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := maskAPIKey(tc.key)
+			if got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("maskAPIKey(%q) = %q, want %q", tc.key, got, tc.want)
+			}
+
+			if tc.key != "" {
+				displayed := strings.Replace(tc.want, "****", "", 1)
+				if len(tc.key) <= 8 {
+					if displayed != "" {
+						t.Fatalf("maskAPIKey(%q) displayed part = %q, want empty", tc.key, displayed)
+					}
+				} else {
+					if len(displayed)*10 > len(tc.key)*6 {
+						t.Fatalf(
+							"maskAPIKey(%q) displayed length = %d, want at most 60%% of %d",
+							tc.key,
+							len(displayed),
+							len(tc.key),
+						)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }
diff --git a/web/backend/api/oauth.go b/web/backend/api/oauth.go
index 4edabb9ab..213b53836 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/oauth.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/oauth.go
@@ -744,17 +744,6 @@ func (h *Handler) syncProviderAuthMethod(provider, authMethod string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	switch provider {
-	case oauthProviderOpenAI:
-		cfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod = authMethod
-	case oauthProviderAnthropic:
-		cfg.Providers.Anthropic.AuthMethod = authMethod
-	case oauthProviderGoogleAntigravity:
-		cfg.Providers.Antigravity.AuthMethod = authMethod
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported provider %q", provider)
-	}
-
 	found := false
 	for i := range cfg.ModelList {
 		if modelBelongsToProvider(provider, cfg.ModelList[i].Model) {
@@ -787,28 +776,28 @@ func modelBelongsToProvider(provider, model string) bool {
 	}
 }
 
-func defaultModelConfigForProvider(provider, authMethod string) config.ModelConfig {
+func defaultModelConfigForProvider(provider, authMethod string) *config.ModelConfig {
 	switch provider {
 	case oauthProviderOpenAI:
-		return config.ModelConfig{
+		return &config.ModelConfig{
 			ModelName:  "gpt-5.4",
 			Model:      "openai/gpt-5.4",
 			AuthMethod: authMethod,
 		}
 	case oauthProviderAnthropic:
-		return config.ModelConfig{
+		return &config.ModelConfig{
 			ModelName:  "claude-sonnet-4.6",
 			Model:      "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
 			AuthMethod: authMethod,
 		}
 	case oauthProviderGoogleAntigravity:
-		return config.ModelConfig{
+		return &config.ModelConfig{
 			ModelName:  "gemini-flash",
 			Model:      "antigravity/gemini-3-flash",
 			AuthMethod: authMethod,
 		}
 	default:
-		return config.ModelConfig{}
+		return &config.ModelConfig{}
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/web/backend/api/oauth_test.go b/web/backend/api/oauth_test.go
index 7d63abbd4..7cab79b52 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/oauth_test.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/oauth_test.go
@@ -166,8 +166,7 @@ func TestOAuthLogoutClearsCredentialAndConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig error: %v", err)
 	}
-	cfg.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod = "oauth"
-	cfg.ModelList = append(cfg.ModelList, config.ModelConfig{
+	cfg.ModelList = append(cfg.ModelList, &config.ModelConfig{
 		ModelName:  "gpt-5.4",
 		Model:      "openai/gpt-5.4",
 		AuthMethod: "oauth",
@@ -208,9 +207,6 @@ func TestOAuthLogoutClearsCredentialAndConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig error: %v", err)
 	}
-	if updated.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("providers.openai.auth_method = %q, want empty", updated.Providers.OpenAI.AuthMethod)
-	}
 	for _, m := range updated.ModelList {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(m.Model, "openai/") && m.AuthMethod != "" {
 			t.Fatalf("openai model auth_method = %q, want empty", m.AuthMethod)
@@ -233,12 +229,18 @@ func setupOAuthTestEnv(t *testing.T) (string, func()) {
 	}
 
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
-	cfg.ModelList = []config.ModelConfig{{
+	cfg.ModelList = []*config.ModelConfig{{
 		ModelName: "custom-default",
 		Model:     "openai/gpt-4o",
-		APIKey:    "sk-default",
 	}}
 	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = "custom-default"
+	cfg.WithSecurity(&config.SecurityConfig{
+		ModelList: map[string]config.ModelSecurityEntry{
+			"custom-default": {
+				APIKeys: []string{"sk-default"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
 
 	configPath := filepath.Join(tmp, "config.json")
 	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
diff --git a/web/backend/api/pico.go b/web/backend/api/pico.go
index a880f2f0c..4faafc2ae 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/pico.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/pico.go
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleGetPicoToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
-		"token":   cfg.Channels.Pico.Token,
+		"token":   cfg.Channels.Pico.Token(),
 		"ws_url":  wsURL,
 		"enabled": cfg.Channels.Pico.Enabled,
 	})
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRegenPicoToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 
 	token := generateSecureToken()
-	cfg.Channels.Pico.Token = token
+	cfg.Channels.Pico.SetToken(token)
 
 	if err := config.SaveConfig(h.configPath, cfg); err != nil {
 		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to save config: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
@@ -90,14 +90,14 @@ func (h *Handler) handleRegenPicoToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	})
 }
 
-// ensurePicoChannel enables the Pico channel with sane defaults if it isn't
+// EnsurePicoChannel enables the Pico channel with sane defaults if it isn't
 // already configured. Returns true when the config was modified.
 //
 // callerOrigin is the Origin header from the setup request. If non-empty and
 // no origins are configured yet, it's written as the allowed origin so the
 // WebSocket handshake works for whatever host the caller is on (LAN, custom
 // port, etc.). Pass "" when there's no request context.
-func (h *Handler) ensurePicoChannel(callerOrigin string) (bool, error) {
+func (h *Handler) EnsurePicoChannel(callerOrigin string) (bool, error) {
 	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(h.configPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to load config: %w", err)
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ func (h *Handler) ensurePicoChannel(callerOrigin string) (bool, error) {
 		changed = true
 	}
 
-	if cfg.Channels.Pico.Token == "" {
-		cfg.Channels.Pico.Token = generateSecureToken()
+	if cfg.Channels.Pico.Token() == "" {
+		cfg.Channels.Pico.SetToken(generateSecureToken())
 		changed = true
 	}
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ func (h *Handler) ensurePicoChannel(callerOrigin string) (bool, error) {
 //
 //	POST /api/pico/setup
 func (h *Handler) handlePicoSetup(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	changed, err := h.ensurePicoChannel(r.Header.Get("Origin"))
+	changed, err := h.EnsurePicoChannel(r.Header.Get("Origin"))
 	if err != nil {
 		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handlePicoSetup(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
-		"token":   cfg.Channels.Pico.Token,
+		"token":   cfg.Channels.Pico.Token(),
 		"ws_url":  wsURL,
 		"enabled": true,
 		"changed": changed,
diff --git a/web/backend/api/pico_test.go b/web/backend/api/pico_test.go
index 075da4ddc..051e356cf 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/pico_test.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/pico_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/url"
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"testing"
@@ -17,12 +18,12 @@ func TestEnsurePicoChannel_FreshConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	h := NewHandler(configPath)
 
-	changed, err := h.ensurePicoChannel("")
+	changed, err := h.EnsurePicoChannel("")
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ensurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("EnsurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
 	}
 	if !changed {
-		t.Fatal("ensurePicoChannel() should report changed on a fresh config")
+		t.Fatal("EnsurePicoChannel() should report changed on a fresh config")
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@ func TestEnsurePicoChannel_FreshConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	if !cfg.Channels.Pico.Enabled {
 		t.Error("expected Pico to be enabled after setup")
 	}
-	if cfg.Channels.Pico.Token == "" {
+	if cfg.Channels.Pico.Token() == "" {
 		t.Error("expected a non-empty token after setup")
 	}
 }
@@ -42,8 +43,8 @@ func TestEnsurePicoChannel_DoesNotEnableTokenQuery(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	h := NewHandler(configPath)
 
-	if _, err := h.ensurePicoChannel(""); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ensurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
+	if _, err := h.EnsurePicoChannel(""); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EnsurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
@@ -60,8 +61,8 @@ func TestEnsurePicoChannel_DoesNotSetWildcardOrigins(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	h := NewHandler(configPath)
 
-	if _, err := h.ensurePicoChannel("http://localhost:18800"); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ensurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
+	if _, err := h.EnsurePicoChannel("http://localhost:18800"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EnsurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
@@ -80,8 +81,8 @@ func TestEnsurePicoChannel_NoOriginWithoutCaller(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	h := NewHandler(configPath)
 
-	if _, err := h.ensurePicoChannel(""); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ensurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
+	if _, err := h.EnsurePicoChannel(""); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EnsurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
@@ -101,8 +102,8 @@ func TestEnsurePicoChannel_SetsCallerOrigin(t *testing.T) {
 	h := NewHandler(configPath)
 
 	lanOrigin := "http://192.168.1.9:18800"
-	if _, err := h.ensurePicoChannel(lanOrigin); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ensurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
+	if _, err := h.EnsurePicoChannel(lanOrigin); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EnsurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ func TestEnsurePicoChannel_PreservesUserSettings(t *testing.T) {
 	// Pre-configure with custom user settings
 	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
 	cfg.Channels.Pico.Enabled = true
-	cfg.Channels.Pico.Token = "user-custom-token"
+	cfg.Channels.Pico.SetToken("user-custom-token")
 	cfg.Channels.Pico.AllowTokenQuery = true
 	cfg.Channels.Pico.AllowOrigins = []string{"https://myapp.example.com"}
 	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
@@ -130,12 +131,12 @@ func TestEnsurePicoChannel_PreservesUserSettings(t *testing.T) {
 
 	h := NewHandler(configPath)
 
-	changed, err := h.ensurePicoChannel("")
+	changed, err := h.EnsurePicoChannel("")
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ensurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("EnsurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
 	}
 	if changed {
-		t.Error("ensurePicoChannel() should not change a fully configured config")
+		t.Error("EnsurePicoChannel() should not change a fully configured config")
 	}
 
 	cfg, err = config.LoadConfig(configPath)
@@ -143,8 +144,8 @@ func TestEnsurePicoChannel_PreservesUserSettings(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if cfg.Channels.Pico.Token != "user-custom-token" {
-		t.Errorf("token = %q, want %q", cfg.Channels.Pico.Token, "user-custom-token")
+	if cfg.Channels.Pico.Token() != "user-custom-token" {
+		t.Errorf("token = %q, want %q", cfg.Channels.Pico.Token(), "user-custom-token")
 	}
 	if !cfg.Channels.Pico.AllowTokenQuery {
 		t.Error("user's allow_token_query=true must be preserved")
@@ -154,6 +155,71 @@ func TestEnsurePicoChannel_PreservesUserSettings(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestEnsurePicoChannel_ExistingConfigWithoutSecurityFile(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+
+	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Marshal() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err = os.WriteFile(configPath, raw, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteFile() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+
+	changed, err := h.EnsurePicoChannel("")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EnsurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if !changed {
+		t.Fatal("EnsurePicoChannel() should report changed when pico is missing")
+	}
+
+	cfg, err = config.LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !cfg.Channels.Pico.Enabled {
+		t.Error("expected Pico to be enabled after setup")
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.Pico.Token() == "" {
+		t.Error("expected a non-empty token after setup")
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(configPath), config.SecurityConfigFile)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected .security.yml to be created: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnsurePicoChannel_ConfiguresPicoWithoutGateway(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+
+	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Agents.Defaults.ModelName = ""
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+	if _, err := h.EnsurePicoChannel(""); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EnsurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !cfg.Channels.Pico.Enabled {
+		t.Error("expected Pico to be enabled after launcher startup setup")
+	}
+	if cfg.Channels.Pico.Token() == "" {
+		t.Error("expected a non-empty token after launcher startup setup")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestEnsurePicoChannel_Idempotent(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
 	h := NewHandler(configPath)
@@ -161,24 +227,24 @@ func TestEnsurePicoChannel_Idempotent(t *testing.T) {
 	origin := "http://localhost:18800"
 
 	// First call sets things up
-	if _, err := h.ensurePicoChannel(origin); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("first ensurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
+	if _, err := h.EnsurePicoChannel(origin); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first EnsurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
 	}
 
 	cfg1, _ := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
-	token1 := cfg1.Channels.Pico.Token
+	token1 := cfg1.Channels.Pico.Token()
 
 	// Second call should be a no-op
-	changed, err := h.ensurePicoChannel(origin)
+	changed, err := h.EnsurePicoChannel(origin)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("second ensurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("second EnsurePicoChannel() error = %v", err)
 	}
 	if changed {
-		t.Error("second ensurePicoChannel() should not report changed")
+		t.Error("second EnsurePicoChannel() should not report changed")
 	}
 
 	cfg2, _ := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
-	if cfg2.Channels.Pico.Token != token1 {
+	if cfg2.Channels.Pico.Token() != token1 {
 		t.Error("token should not change on subsequent calls")
 	}
 }
diff --git a/web/backend/api/router.go b/web/backend/api/router.go
index e4df86ed9..ce652d4c4 100644
--- a/web/backend/api/router.go
+++ b/web/backend/api/router.go
@@ -17,15 +17,21 @@ type Handler struct {
 	oauthMu              sync.Mutex
 	oauthFlows           map[string]*oauthFlow
 	oauthState           map[string]string
+	weixinMu             sync.Mutex
+	weixinFlows          map[string]*weixinFlow
+	wecomMu              sync.Mutex
+	wecomFlows           map[string]*wecomFlow
 }
 
 // NewHandler creates an instance of the API handler.
 func NewHandler(configPath string) *Handler {
 	return &Handler{
-		configPath: configPath,
-		serverPort: launcherconfig.DefaultPort,
-		oauthFlows: make(map[string]*oauthFlow),
-		oauthState: make(map[string]string),
+		configPath:  configPath,
+		serverPort:  launcherconfig.DefaultPort,
+		oauthFlows:  make(map[string]*oauthFlow),
+		oauthState:  make(map[string]string),
+		weixinFlows: make(map[string]*weixinFlow),
+		wecomFlows:  make(map[string]*wecomFlow),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -69,6 +75,12 @@ func (h *Handler) RegisterRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux) {
 
 	// Launcher service parameters (port/public)
 	h.registerLauncherConfigRoutes(mux)
+
+	// WeChat QR login flow
+	h.registerWeixinRoutes(mux)
+
+	// WeCom QR login flow
+	h.registerWecomRoutes(mux)
 }
 
 // Shutdown gracefully shuts down the handler, stopping the gateway if it was started by this handler.
diff --git a/web/backend/api/wecom.go b/web/backend/api/wecom.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7dcec9f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/backend/api/wecom.go
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+const (
+	wecomFlowTTL             = 5 * time.Minute
+	wecomFlowGCAge           = 30 * time.Minute
+	wecomQRSourceID          = "picoclaw"
+	wecomQRGenerateEndpoint  = "https://work.weixin.qq.com/ai/qc/generate"
+	wecomQRQueryEndpoint     = "https://work.weixin.qq.com/ai/qc/query_result"
+	wecomQRHTTPTimeout       = 15 * time.Second
+	wecomDefaultWebSocketURL = "wss://openws.work.weixin.qq.com"
+	wecomPollStartTimeout    = 15 * time.Second
+	wecomPollStatusTimeout   = 10 * time.Second
+)
+
+const (
+	wecomStatusWait      = "wait"
+	wecomStatusScanned   = "scaned"
+	wecomStatusConfirmed = "confirmed"
+	wecomStatusExpired   = "expired"
+	wecomStatusError     = "error"
+)
+
+type wecomFlow struct {
+	ID        string
+	SCode     string
+	QRDataURI string
+	BotID     string
+	Status    string
+	Error     string
+	CreatedAt time.Time
+	UpdatedAt time.Time
+	ExpiresAt time.Time
+}
+
+type wecomFlowResponse struct {
+	FlowID    string `json:"flow_id"`
+	Status    string `json:"status"`
+	QRDataURI string `json:"qr_data_uri,omitempty"`
+	BotID     string `json:"bot_id,omitempty"`
+	Error     string `json:"error,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type wecomQRGenerateResponse struct {
+	ErrCode int    `json:"errcode,omitempty"`
+	ErrMsg  string `json:"errmsg,omitempty"`
+	Data    struct {
+		SCode   string `json:"scode"`
+		AuthURL string `json:"auth_url"`
+	} `json:"data"`
+}
+
+type wecomQRQueryResponse struct {
+	ErrCode int    `json:"errcode,omitempty"`
+	ErrMsg  string `json:"errmsg,omitempty"`
+	Data    struct {
+		Status  string `json:"status"`
+		BotInfo struct {
+			BotID  string `json:"botid"`
+			Secret string `json:"secret"`
+		} `json:"bot_info"`
+	} `json:"data"`
+}
+
+// registerWecomRoutes binds WeCom QR login endpoints to the ServeMux.
+func (h *Handler) registerWecomRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux) {
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/wecom/flows", h.handleStartWecomFlow)
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/wecom/flows/{id}", h.handlePollWecomFlow)
+}
+
+// handleStartWecomFlow starts a new WeCom QR login flow.
+//
+//	POST /api/wecom/flows
+func (h *Handler) handleStartWecomFlow(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(r.Context(), wecomPollStartTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	session, err := fetchWecomQRCode(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("failed to get QR code: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	dataURI, err := generateQRDataURI(session.Data.AuthURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("failed to generate QR image: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	flow := &wecomFlow{
+		ID:        newWecomFlowID(),
+		SCode:     session.Data.SCode,
+		QRDataURI: dataURI,
+		Status:    wecomStatusWait,
+		CreatedAt: now,
+		UpdatedAt: now,
+		ExpiresAt: now.Add(wecomFlowTTL),
+	}
+	h.storeWecomFlow(flow)
+
+	logger.InfoCF("wecom", "QR flow started", map[string]any{"flow_id": flow.ID})
+
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(wecomFlowResponse{
+		FlowID:    flow.ID,
+		Status:    flow.Status,
+		QRDataURI: flow.QRDataURI,
+	})
+}
+
+// handlePollWecomFlow polls the WeCom API for QR code status and updates the flow.
+//
+//	GET /api/wecom/flows/{id}
+func (h *Handler) handlePollWecomFlow(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	flowID := strings.TrimSpace(r.PathValue("id"))
+	if flowID == "" {
+		http.Error(w, "missing flow id", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	flow, ok := h.getWecomFlow(flowID)
+	if !ok {
+		http.Error(w, "flow not found", http.StatusNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if flow.Status == wecomStatusConfirmed ||
+		flow.Status == wecomStatusExpired ||
+		flow.Status == wecomStatusError {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(wecomFlowResponse{
+			FlowID: flow.ID,
+			Status: flow.Status,
+			BotID:  flow.BotID,
+			Error:  flow.Error,
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(r.Context(), wecomPollStatusTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	statusResp, err := queryWecomQRCodeStatus(ctx, flow.SCode)
+	if err != nil {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(wecomFlowResponse{
+			FlowID:    flow.ID,
+			Status:    flow.Status,
+			QRDataURI: flow.QRDataURI,
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	switch strings.ToLower(statusResp.Data.Status) {
+	case wecomStatusWait:
+		// no-op
+	case wecomStatusScanned, "scanned":
+		h.updateWecomFlowStatus(flowID, wecomStatusScanned)
+	case "success":
+		if statusResp.Data.BotInfo.BotID == "" || statusResp.Data.BotInfo.Secret == "" {
+			h.setWecomFlowError(flowID, "login confirmed but missing bot credentials")
+			break
+		}
+		if saveErr := h.saveWecomBinding(
+			statusResp.Data.BotInfo.BotID,
+			statusResp.Data.BotInfo.Secret,
+		); saveErr != nil {
+			h.setWecomFlowError(flowID, fmt.Sprintf("failed to save credentials: %v", saveErr))
+			logger.ErrorCF("wecom", "failed to save credentials", map[string]any{"error": saveErr.Error()})
+			break
+		}
+		h.setWecomFlowConfirmed(flowID, statusResp.Data.BotInfo.BotID)
+		logger.InfoCF("wecom", "QR login confirmed, credentials saved", map[string]any{
+			"flow_id": flowID,
+			"bot_id":  statusResp.Data.BotInfo.BotID,
+		})
+	case wecomStatusExpired:
+		h.updateWecomFlowStatus(flowID, wecomStatusExpired)
+	}
+
+	flow, _ = h.getWecomFlow(flowID)
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	resp := wecomFlowResponse{
+		FlowID: flow.ID,
+		Status: flow.Status,
+		BotID:  flow.BotID,
+		Error:  flow.Error,
+	}
+	if flow.Status == wecomStatusWait || flow.Status == wecomStatusScanned {
+		resp.QRDataURI = flow.QRDataURI
+	}
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(resp)
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) saveWecomBinding(botID, secret string) error {
+	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(h.configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("load config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg.Channels.WeCom.Enabled = true
+	cfg.Channels.WeCom.BotID = botID
+	cfg.Channels.WeCom.SetSecret(secret)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(cfg.Channels.WeCom.WebSocketURL) == "" {
+		cfg.Channels.WeCom.WebSocketURL = wecomDefaultWebSocketURL
+	}
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(h.configPath, cfg); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	status := h.gatewayStatusData()
+	gatewayStatus, _ := status["gateway_status"].(string)
+	if gatewayStatus != "running" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if _, err := h.RestartGateway(); err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("wecom", "failed to restart gateway after saving binding", map[string]any{
+			"error": err.Error(),
+		})
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func fetchWecomQRCode(ctx context.Context) (wecomQRGenerateResponse, error) {
+	targetURL, err := buildWecomQRGenerateURL(wecomQRGenerateEndpoint, wecomQRSourceID, wecomPlatformCode())
+	if err != nil {
+		return wecomQRGenerateResponse{}, err
+	}
+
+	var resp wecomQRGenerateResponse
+	if err := doWecomJSONGet(ctx, targetURL, &resp); err != nil {
+		return wecomQRGenerateResponse{}, err
+	}
+	if resp.ErrCode != 0 {
+		return wecomQRGenerateResponse{}, fmt.Errorf(
+			"errcode=%d errmsg=%s",
+			resp.ErrCode,
+			resp.ErrMsg,
+		)
+	}
+	if resp.Data.SCode == "" || resp.Data.AuthURL == "" {
+		return wecomQRGenerateResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("response missing scode or auth_url")
+	}
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+func queryWecomQRCodeStatus(ctx context.Context, scode string) (wecomQRQueryResponse, error) {
+	targetURL, err := buildWecomQRQueryURL(wecomQRQueryEndpoint, scode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return wecomQRQueryResponse{}, err
+	}
+
+	var resp wecomQRQueryResponse
+	if err := doWecomJSONGet(ctx, targetURL, &resp); err != nil {
+		return wecomQRQueryResponse{}, err
+	}
+	if resp.ErrCode != 0 {
+		return wecomQRQueryResponse{}, fmt.Errorf(
+			"errcode=%d errmsg=%s",
+			resp.ErrCode,
+			resp.ErrMsg,
+		)
+	}
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+func buildWecomQRGenerateURL(baseURL, sourceID string, platformCode int) (string, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(baseURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid WeCom QR generate URL: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	query := u.Query()
+	query.Set("source", sourceID)
+	query.Set("sourceID", sourceID)
+	query.Set("plat", strconv.Itoa(platformCode))
+	u.RawQuery = query.Encode()
+
+	return u.String(), nil
+}
+
+func buildWecomQRQueryURL(baseURL, scode string) (string, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(baseURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid WeCom QR query URL: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	query := u.Query()
+	query.Set("scode", scode)
+	u.RawQuery = query.Encode()
+
+	return u.String(), nil
+}
+
+func doWecomJSONGet(ctx context.Context, targetURL string, out any) error {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, targetURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: wecomQRHTTPTimeout}
+	resp, err := client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		body, readErr := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 8192))
+		if readErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected status %s", resp.Status)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected status %s: %s", resp.Status, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(out); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("decode JSON response: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func wecomPlatformCode() int {
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		return 1
+	case "windows":
+		return 2
+	case "linux":
+		return 3
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func newWecomFlowID() string {
+	buf := make([]byte, 12)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(buf); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("wc_%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	}
+	return "wc_" + hex.EncodeToString(buf)
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) storeWecomFlow(flow *wecomFlow) {
+	h.wecomMu.Lock()
+	defer h.wecomMu.Unlock()
+	h.gcWecomFlowsLocked(time.Now())
+	h.wecomFlows[flow.ID] = flow
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) getWecomFlow(flowID string) (*wecomFlow, bool) {
+	h.wecomMu.Lock()
+	defer h.wecomMu.Unlock()
+	h.gcWecomFlowsLocked(time.Now())
+	flow, ok := h.wecomFlows[flowID]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	cp := *flow
+	return &cp, true
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) updateWecomFlowStatus(flowID, status string) {
+	h.wecomMu.Lock()
+	defer h.wecomMu.Unlock()
+	if flow, ok := h.wecomFlows[flowID]; ok {
+		flow.Status = status
+		flow.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) setWecomFlowConfirmed(flowID, botID string) {
+	h.wecomMu.Lock()
+	defer h.wecomMu.Unlock()
+	if flow, ok := h.wecomFlows[flowID]; ok {
+		flow.Status = wecomStatusConfirmed
+		flow.BotID = botID
+		flow.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) setWecomFlowError(flowID, errMsg string) {
+	h.wecomMu.Lock()
+	defer h.wecomMu.Unlock()
+	if flow, ok := h.wecomFlows[flowID]; ok {
+		flow.Status = wecomStatusError
+		flow.Error = errMsg
+		flow.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) gcWecomFlowsLocked(now time.Time) {
+	for id, flow := range h.wecomFlows {
+		if flow.Status == wecomStatusWait || flow.Status == wecomStatusScanned {
+			if !flow.ExpiresAt.IsZero() && now.After(flow.ExpiresAt) {
+				flow.Status = wecomStatusExpired
+				flow.UpdatedAt = now
+			}
+		}
+		if flow.Status != wecomStatusWait &&
+			flow.Status != wecomStatusScanned &&
+			now.Sub(flow.UpdatedAt) > wecomFlowGCAge {
+			delete(h.wecomFlows, id)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/web/backend/api/weixin.go b/web/backend/api/weixin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..808b88c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/backend/api/weixin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"rsc.io/qr"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/channels/weixin"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+const (
+	weixinFlowTTL   = 5 * time.Minute
+	weixinFlowGCAge = 30 * time.Minute
+	weixinBaseURL   = "https://ilinkai.weixin.qq.com/"
+	weixinBotType   = "3"
+)
+
+const (
+	weixinStatusWait      = "wait"
+	weixinStatusScanned   = "scaned"
+	weixinStatusConfirmed = "confirmed"
+	weixinStatusExpired   = "expired"
+	weixinStatusError     = "error"
+)
+
+type weixinFlow struct {
+	ID        string
+	Qrcode    string // qrcode token from WeChat API (used for status polling)
+	QRDataURI string // base64 PNG data URI for display
+	AccountID string // IlinkBotID returned on confirmed
+	Status    string // wait / scaned / confirmed / expired / error
+	Error     string
+	CreatedAt time.Time
+	UpdatedAt time.Time
+	ExpiresAt time.Time
+}
+
+type weixinFlowResponse struct {
+	FlowID    string `json:"flow_id"`
+	Status    string `json:"status"`
+	QRDataURI string `json:"qr_data_uri,omitempty"`
+	AccountID string `json:"account_id,omitempty"`
+	Error     string `json:"error,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// registerWeixinRoutes binds WeChat QR login endpoints to the ServeMux.
+func (h *Handler) registerWeixinRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux) {
+	mux.HandleFunc("POST /api/weixin/flows", h.handleStartWeixinFlow)
+	mux.HandleFunc("GET /api/weixin/flows/{id}", h.handlePollWeixinFlow)
+}
+
+// handleStartWeixinFlow starts a new WeChat QR login flow.
+//
+//	POST /api/weixin/flows
+func (h *Handler) handleStartWeixinFlow(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(r.Context(), 15*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	api, err := weixin.NewApiClient(weixinBaseURL, "", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("failed to create weixin client: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	qrResp, err := api.GetQRCode(ctx, weixinBotType)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("failed to get QR code: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	dataURI, err := generateQRDataURI(qrResp.QrcodeImgContent)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("failed to generate QR image: %v", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	flow := &weixinFlow{
+		ID:        newWeixinFlowID(),
+		Qrcode:    qrResp.Qrcode,
+		QRDataURI: dataURI,
+		Status:    weixinStatusWait,
+		CreatedAt: now,
+		UpdatedAt: now,
+		ExpiresAt: now.Add(weixinFlowTTL),
+	}
+	h.storeWeixinFlow(flow)
+
+	logger.InfoCF("weixin", "QR flow started", map[string]any{"flow_id": flow.ID})
+
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(weixinFlowResponse{
+		FlowID:    flow.ID,
+		Status:    flow.Status,
+		QRDataURI: flow.QRDataURI,
+	})
+}
+
+// handlePollWeixinFlow polls the WeChat API for QR code status and updates the flow.
+//
+//	GET /api/weixin/flows/{id}
+func (h *Handler) handlePollWeixinFlow(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	flowID := strings.TrimSpace(r.PathValue("id"))
+	if flowID == "" {
+		http.Error(w, "missing flow id", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	flow, ok := h.getWeixinFlow(flowID)
+	if !ok {
+		http.Error(w, "flow not found", http.StatusNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Return terminal states directly without polling WeChat again
+	if flow.Status == weixinStatusConfirmed ||
+		flow.Status == weixinStatusExpired ||
+		flow.Status == weixinStatusError {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(weixinFlowResponse{
+			FlowID: flow.ID,
+			Status: flow.Status,
+			Error:  flow.Error,
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(r.Context(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	api, err := weixin.NewApiClient(weixinBaseURL, "", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		h.setWeixinFlowError(flowID, fmt.Sprintf("client error: %v", err))
+		flow, _ = h.getWeixinFlow(flowID)
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(weixinFlowResponse{FlowID: flow.ID, Status: flow.Status, Error: flow.Error})
+		return
+	}
+
+	statusResp, err := api.GetQRCodeStatus(ctx, flow.Qrcode)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Transient error — keep current status, return it
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(weixinFlowResponse{
+			FlowID:    flow.ID,
+			Status:    flow.Status,
+			QRDataURI: flow.QRDataURI,
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	switch statusResp.Status {
+	case weixinStatusWait:
+		// no change
+
+	case weixinStatusScanned:
+		h.updateWeixinFlowStatus(flowID, weixinStatusScanned)
+
+	case weixinStatusConfirmed:
+		if statusResp.BotToken == "" {
+			h.setWeixinFlowError(flowID, "login confirmed but missing bot_token")
+			break
+		}
+		if saveErr := h.saveWeixinBinding(statusResp.BotToken, statusResp.IlinkBotID); saveErr != nil {
+			h.setWeixinFlowError(flowID, fmt.Sprintf("failed to save token: %v", saveErr))
+			logger.ErrorCF("weixin", "failed to save token", map[string]any{"error": saveErr.Error()})
+			break
+		}
+		h.setWeixinFlowConfirmed(flowID, statusResp.IlinkBotID)
+		logger.InfoCF("weixin", "QR login confirmed, token saved", map[string]any{
+			"flow_id":    flowID,
+			"account_id": statusResp.IlinkBotID,
+		})
+
+	case weixinStatusExpired:
+		h.updateWeixinFlowStatus(flowID, weixinStatusExpired)
+
+	default:
+		// unknown status, keep as-is
+	}
+
+	flow, _ = h.getWeixinFlow(flowID)
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	resp := weixinFlowResponse{
+		FlowID:    flow.ID,
+		Status:    flow.Status,
+		AccountID: flow.AccountID,
+		Error:     flow.Error,
+	}
+	if flow.Status == weixinStatusWait || flow.Status == weixinStatusScanned {
+		resp.QRDataURI = flow.QRDataURI
+	}
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(resp)
+}
+
+// saveWeixinBinding writes the token/account ID, enables the Weixin channel,
+// and best-effort restarts the gateway when it is currently running.
+func (h *Handler) saveWeixinBinding(token, accountID string) error {
+	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig(h.configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("load config: %w", err)
+	}
+	cfg.Channels.Weixin.SetToken(token)
+	cfg.Channels.Weixin.Enabled = true
+	if accountID != "" {
+		cfg.Channels.Weixin.AccountID = accountID
+	}
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(h.configPath, cfg); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	status := h.gatewayStatusData()
+	gatewayStatus, _ := status["gateway_status"].(string)
+	if gatewayStatus != "running" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if _, err := h.RestartGateway(); err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorCF("weixin", "failed to restart gateway after saving binding", map[string]any{
+			"error": err.Error(),
+		})
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// generateQRDataURI encodes content as a QR code PNG and returns a data URI.
+func generateQRDataURI(content string) (string, error) {
+	code, err := qr.Encode(content, qr.L)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("qr encode: %w", err)
+	}
+	pngBytes := code.PNG()
+	encoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(pngBytes)
+	return "data:image/png;base64," + encoded, nil
+}
+
+func newWeixinFlowID() string {
+	buf := make([]byte, 12)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(buf); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("wx_%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	}
+	return "wx_" + hex.EncodeToString(buf)
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) storeWeixinFlow(flow *weixinFlow) {
+	h.weixinMu.Lock()
+	defer h.weixinMu.Unlock()
+	h.gcWeixinFlowsLocked(time.Now())
+	h.weixinFlows[flow.ID] = flow
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) getWeixinFlow(flowID string) (*weixinFlow, bool) {
+	h.weixinMu.Lock()
+	defer h.weixinMu.Unlock()
+	h.gcWeixinFlowsLocked(time.Now())
+	flow, ok := h.weixinFlows[flowID]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	cp := *flow
+	return &cp, true
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) updateWeixinFlowStatus(flowID, status string) {
+	h.weixinMu.Lock()
+	defer h.weixinMu.Unlock()
+	if flow, ok := h.weixinFlows[flowID]; ok {
+		flow.Status = status
+		flow.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) setWeixinFlowConfirmed(flowID, accountID string) {
+	h.weixinMu.Lock()
+	defer h.weixinMu.Unlock()
+	if flow, ok := h.weixinFlows[flowID]; ok {
+		flow.Status = weixinStatusConfirmed
+		flow.AccountID = accountID
+		flow.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) setWeixinFlowError(flowID, errMsg string) {
+	h.weixinMu.Lock()
+	defer h.weixinMu.Unlock()
+	if flow, ok := h.weixinFlows[flowID]; ok {
+		flow.Status = weixinStatusError
+		flow.Error = errMsg
+		flow.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *Handler) gcWeixinFlowsLocked(now time.Time) {
+	for id, flow := range h.weixinFlows {
+		if flow.Status == weixinStatusWait || flow.Status == weixinStatusScanned {
+			if !flow.ExpiresAt.IsZero() && now.After(flow.ExpiresAt) {
+				flow.Status = weixinStatusExpired
+				flow.UpdatedAt = now
+			}
+		}
+		if flow.Status != weixinStatusWait &&
+			flow.Status != weixinStatusScanned &&
+			now.Sub(flow.UpdatedAt) > weixinFlowGCAge {
+			delete(h.weixinFlows, id)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/web/backend/api/weixin_test.go b/web/backend/api/weixin_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03342b72b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/backend/api/weixin_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/config"
+)
+
+func TestSaveWeixinBindingReturnsSuccessWhenRestartFails(t *testing.T) {
+	resetGatewayTestState(t)
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
+	if err := config.SaveConfig(configPath, cfg); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SaveConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	originalHealthGet := gatewayHealthGet
+	gatewayHealthGet = func(url string, timeout time.Duration) (*http.Response, error) {
+		return &http.Response{
+			StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+			Body: io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(
+				`{"status":"ok","uptime":"1s","pid":` + strconv.Itoa(os.Getpid()) + `}`,
+			)),
+		}, nil
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		gatewayHealthGet = originalHealthGet
+	})
+
+	h := NewHandler(configPath)
+	if err := h.saveWeixinBinding("bot-token", "bot-account"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("saveWeixinBinding() error = %v, want nil after config save succeeds", err)
+	}
+
+	savedCfg, err := config.LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("LoadConfig() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := savedCfg.Channels.Weixin.Token(); got != "bot-token" {
+		t.Fatalf("Weixin.Token() = %q, want %q", got, "bot-token")
+	}
+	if got := savedCfg.Channels.Weixin.AccountID; got != "bot-account" {
+		t.Fatalf("Weixin.AccountID = %q, want %q", got, "bot-account")
+	}
+	if !savedCfg.Channels.Weixin.Enabled {
+		t.Fatalf("Weixin.Enabled = false, want true")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/web/backend/main.go b/web/backend/main.go
index b1db3c57a..6987a4515 100644
--- a/web/backend/main.go
+++ b/web/backend/main.go
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	appName = "PicoClaw"
+
+	logPath   = "logs"
+	panicFile = "launcher_panic.log"
+	logFile   = "launcher.log"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -72,6 +76,14 @@ func main() {
 
 	// Initialize logger
 	picoHome := utils.GetPicoclawHome()
+
+	f := filepath.Join(picoHome, logPath, panicFile)
+	panicFunc, err := logger.InitPanic(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("error initializing panic log: %v", err))
+	}
+	defer panicFunc()
+
 	// By default, detect terminal to decide console log behavior
 	// If -console-logs flag is explicitly set, it overrides the detection
 	enableConsole := *console
@@ -79,16 +91,14 @@ func main() {
 		// Disable console logging by setting level to Fatal (no output)
 		logger.SetConsoleLevel(logger.FATAL)
 
-		logPath := filepath.Join(picoHome, "logs", "web.log")
-		if err := logger.EnableFileLogging(logPath); err != nil {
-			// FIXME: https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/issues/1734
-			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to initialize logger: %v\n", err)
-			os.Exit(1)
+		f := filepath.Join(picoHome, logPath, logFile)
+		if err = logger.EnableFileLogging(f); err != nil {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("error enabling file logging: %v", err))
 		}
 		defer logger.DisableFileLogging()
 	}
 
-	logger.InfoC("web", "PicoClaw Launcher starting...")
+	logger.InfoC("web", fmt.Sprintf("%s Launcher %s starting...", appName, appVersion))
 	logger.InfoC("web", fmt.Sprintf("PicoClaw Home: %s", picoHome))
 
 	// Set language from command line or auto-detect
@@ -159,6 +169,9 @@ func main() {
 
 	// API Routes (e.g. /api/status)
 	apiHandler = api.NewHandler(absPath)
+	if _, err = apiHandler.EnsurePicoChannel(""); err != nil {
+		logger.ErrorC("web", fmt.Sprintf("Warning: failed to ensure pico channel on startup: %v", err))
+	}
 	apiHandler.SetServerOptions(portNum, effectivePublic, explicitPublic, launcherCfg.AllowedCIDRs)
 	apiHandler.RegisterRoutes(mux)
 
diff --git a/web/backend/systray.go b/web/backend/systray.go
index fde2e115e..9dcc025df 100644
--- a/web/backend/systray.go
+++ b/web/backend/systray.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	_ "embed"
 	"fmt"
 
 	"fyne.io/systray"
@@ -93,8 +92,3 @@ func onReady() {
 func onExit() {
 	logger.Info(T(Exiting))
 }
-
-// getIcon returns the system tray icon
-func getIcon() []byte {
-	return iconData
-}
diff --git a/web/backend/systray_icon_nonwindows.go b/web/backend/systray_icon_nonwindows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0117a9ae8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/backend/systray_icon_nonwindows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//go:build !windows && ((!darwin && !freebsd) || cgo)
+
+package main
+
+import _ "embed"
+
+//go:embed icon.png
+var iconPNG []byte
+
+func getIcon() []byte {
+	return iconPNG
+}
diff --git a/web/backend/systray_windows.go b/web/backend/systray_icon_windows.go
similarity index 53%
rename from web/backend/systray_windows.go
rename to web/backend/systray_icon_windows.go
index cc1885155..c265e2f9c 100644
--- a/web/backend/systray_windows.go
+++ b/web/backend/systray_icon_windows.go
@@ -5,4 +5,8 @@ package main
 import _ "embed"
 
 //go:embed icon.ico
-var iconData []byte
+var iconICO []byte
+
+func getIcon() []byte {
+	return iconICO
+}
diff --git a/web/backend/tray_stub_nocgo.go b/web/backend/systray_stub_nocgo.go
similarity index 88%
rename from web/backend/tray_stub_nocgo.go
rename to web/backend/systray_stub_nocgo.go
index 13ecfd2cb..9e75e112a 100644
--- a/web/backend/tray_stub_nocgo.go
+++ b/web/backend/systray_stub_nocgo.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/pkg/logger"
 )
 
+// runTray falls back to a headless mode on platforms where systray requires cgo.
 func runTray() {
 	logger.Infof("System tray is unavailable in %s builds without cgo; running without tray", runtime.GOOS)
 
diff --git a/web/backend/systray_unix.go b/web/backend/systray_unix.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f9d2bb51..000000000
--- a/web/backend/systray_unix.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !windows
-
-package main
-
-import _ "embed"
-
-//go:embed icon.png
-var iconData []byte
diff --git a/web/frontend/package.json b/web/frontend/package.json
index b1cc09b7b..8053d1f2a 100644
--- a/web/frontend/package.json
+++ b/web/frontend/package.json
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
     "react-i18next": "^16.5.8",
     "react-markdown": "^10.1.0",
     "react-textarea-autosize": "^8.5.9",
+    "rehype-raw": "^7.0.0",
+    "rehype-sanitize": "^6.0.0",
     "remark-gfm": "^4.0.1",
     "shadcn": "^4.1.0",
     "sonner": "^2.0.7",
diff --git a/web/frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml b/web/frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml
index f893abda9..edaf49ccc 100644
--- a/web/frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/web/frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -62,6 +62,12 @@ importers:
       react-textarea-autosize:
         specifier: ^8.5.9
         version: 8.5.9(@types/react@19.2.14)(react@19.2.4)
+      rehype-raw:
+        specifier: ^7.0.0
+        version: 7.0.0
+      rehype-sanitize:
+        specifier: ^6.0.0
+        version: 6.0.0
       remark-gfm:
         specifier: ^4.0.1
         version: 4.0.1
@@ -2155,6 +2161,10 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Qohcme7V1inbAfvjItgw0EaxVX5q2rdVEZHRBrEQdRZTssLDGsL8Lwrznl8oQ/6kuTJONLaDcGjkNP247XEhcA==}
     engines: {node: '>=10.13.0'}
 
+  entities@6.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-aN97NXWF6AWBTahfVOIrB/NShkzi5H7F9r1s9mD3cDj4Ko5f2qhhVoYMibXF7GlLveb/D2ioWay8lxI97Ven3g==}
+    engines: {node: '>=0.12'}
+
   env-paths@2.2.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-+h1lkLKhZMTYjog1VEpJNG7NZJWcuc2DDk/qsqSTRRCOXiLjeQ1d1/udrUGhqMxUgAlwKNZ0cf2uqan5GLuS2A==}
     engines: {node: '>=6'}
@@ -2467,12 +2477,30 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-0hJU9SCPvmMzIBdZFqNPXWa6dqh7WdH0cII9y+CyS8rG3nL48Bclra9HmKhVVUHyPWNH5Y7xDwAB7bfgSjkUMQ==}
     engines: {node: '>= 0.4'}
 
+  hast-util-from-parse5@8.0.3:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-3kxEVkEKt0zvcZ3hCRYI8rqrgwtlIOFMWkbclACvjlDw8Li9S2hk/d51OI0nr/gIpdMHNepwgOKqZ/sy0Clpyg==}
+
+  hast-util-parse-selector@4.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-wkQCkSYoOGCRKERFWcxMVMOcYE2K1AaNLU8DXS9arxnLOUEWbOXKXiJUNzEpqZ3JOKpnha3jkFrumEjVliDe7A==}
+
+  hast-util-raw@9.1.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Y8/SBAHkZGoNkpzqqfCldijcuUKh7/su31kEBp67cFY09Wy0mTRgtsLYsiIxMJxlu0f6AA5SUTbDR8K0rxnbUw==}
+
+  hast-util-sanitize@5.0.2:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-3yTWghByc50aGS7JlGhk61SPenfE/p1oaFeNwkOOyrscaOkMGrcW9+Cy/QAIOBpZxP1yqDIzFMR0+Np0i0+usg==}
+
   hast-util-to-jsx-runtime@2.3.6:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-zl6s8LwNyo1P9uw+XJGvZtdFF1GdAkOg8ujOw+4Pyb76874fLps4ueHXDhXWdk6YHQ6OgUtinliG7RsYvCbbBg==}
 
+  hast-util-to-parse5@8.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-MlWT6Pjt4CG9lFCjiz4BH7l9wmrMkfkJYCxFwKQic8+RTZgWPuWxwAfjJElsXkex7DJjfSJsQIt931ilUgmwdA==}
+
   hast-util-whitespace@3.0.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-88JUN06ipLwsnv+dVn+OIYOvAuvBMy/Qoi6O7mQHxdPXpjy+Cd6xRkWwux7DKO+4sYILtLBRIKgsdpS2gQc7qw==}
 
+  hastscript@9.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-g7df9rMFX/SPi34tyGCyUBREQoKkapwdY/T04Qn9TDWfHhAYt4/I0gMVirzK5wEzeUqIjEB+LXC/ypb7Aqno5w==}
+
   headers-polyfill@4.0.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-IScLbePpkvO846sIwOtOTDjutRMWdXdJmXdMvk6gCBHxFO8d+QKOQedyZSxFTTFYRSmlgSTDtXqqq4pcenBXLQ==}
 
@@ -2492,6 +2520,9 @@ packages:
   html-url-attributes@3.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-ol6UPyBWqsrO6EJySPz2O7ZSr856WDrEzM5zMqp+FJJLGMW35cLYmmZnl0vztAZxRUoNZJFTCohfjuIJ8I4QBQ==}
 
+  html-void-elements@3.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-bEqo66MRXsUGxWHV5IP0PUiAWwoEjba4VCzg0LjFJBpchPaTfyfCKTG6bc5F8ucKec3q5y6qOdGyYTSBEvhCrg==}
+
   http-errors@2.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-4FbRdAX+bSdmo4AUFuS0WNiPz8NgFt+r8ThgNWmlrjQjt1Q7ZR9+zTlce2859x4KSXrwIsaeTqDoKQmtP8pLmQ==}
     engines: {node: '>= 0.8'}
@@ -3141,6 +3172,9 @@ packages:
   parse-statements@1.0.11:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-HlsyYdMBnbPQ9Jr/VgJ1YF4scnldvJpJxCVx6KgqPL4dxppsWrJHCIIxQXMJrqGnsRkNPATbeMJ8Yxu7JMsYcA==}
 
+  parse5@7.3.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-IInvU7fabl34qmi9gY8XOVxhYyMyuH2xUNpb2q8/Y+7552KlejkRvqvD19nMoUW/uQGGbqNpA6Tufu5FL5BZgw==}
+
   parseurl@1.3.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-CiyeOxFT/JZyN5m0z9PfXw4SCBJ6Sygz1Dpl0wqjlhDEGGBP1GnsUVEL0p63hoG1fcj3fHynXi9NYO4nWOL+qQ==}
     engines: {node: '>= 0.8'}
@@ -3390,6 +3424,12 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-YTUo+Flmw4ZXiWfQKGcwwc11KnoRAYgzAE2E7mXKCjSviTKShtxBsN6YUUBB2gtaBzKzeKunxhUwNHQuRryhWA==}
     engines: {node: '>= 4'}
 
+  rehype-raw@7.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-/aE8hCfKlQeA8LmyeyQvQF3eBiLRGNlfBJEvWH7ivp9sBqs7TNqBL5X3v157rM4IFETqDnIOO+z5M/biZbo9Ww==}
+
+  rehype-sanitize@6.0.0:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-CsnhKNsyI8Tub6L4sm5ZFsme4puGfc6pYylvXo1AeqaGbjOYyzNv3qZPwvs0oMJ39eryyeOdmxwUIo94IpEhqg==}
+
   remark-gfm@4.0.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-1quofZ2RQ9EWdeN34S79+KExV1764+wCUGop5CPL1WGdD0ocPpu91lzPGbwWMECpEpd42kJGQwzRfyov9j4yNg==}
 
@@ -3812,6 +3852,9 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-BNGbWLfd0eUPabhkXUVm0j8uuvREyTh5ovRa/dyow/BqAbZJyC+5fU+IzQOzmAKzYqYRAISoRhdQr3eIZ/PXqg==}
     engines: {node: '>= 0.8'}
 
+  vfile-location@5.0.3:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-5yXvWDEgqeiYiBe1lbxYF7UMAIm/IcopxMHrMQDq3nvKcjPKIhZklUKL+AE7J7uApI4kwe2snsK+eI6UTj9EHg==}
+
   vfile-message@4.0.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-QTHzsGd1EhbZs4AsQ20JX1rC3cOlt/IWJruk893DfLRr57lcnOeMaWG4K0JrRta4mIJZKth2Au3mM3u03/JWKw==}
 
@@ -3862,6 +3905,9 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Dhxzh5HZuiHQhbvTW9AMetFfBHDMYpo23Uo9btPXgdYP+3T5S+p+jgNy7spra+veYhBP2dCSgxR/i2Y02h5/6w==}
     engines: {node: '>=0.10.0'}
 
+  web-namespaces@2.0.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-bKr1DkiNa2krS7qxNtdrtHAmzuYGFQLiQ13TsorsdT6ULTkPLKuu5+GsFpDlg6JFjUTwX2DyhMPG2be8uPrqsQ==}
+
   web-streams-polyfill@3.3.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-d2JWLCivmZYTSIoge9MsgFCZrt571BikcWGYkjC1khllbTeDlGqZ2D8vD8E/lJa8WGWbb7Plm8/XJYV7IJHZZw==}
     engines: {node: '>= 8'}
@@ -5945,6 +5991,8 @@ snapshots:
       graceful-fs: 4.2.11
       tapable: 2.3.0
 
+  entities@6.0.1: {}
+
   env-paths@2.2.1: {}
 
   error-ex@1.3.4:
@@ -6318,6 +6366,43 @@ snapshots:
     dependencies:
       function-bind: 1.1.2
 
+  hast-util-from-parse5@8.0.3:
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/hast': 3.0.4
+      '@types/unist': 3.0.3
+      devlop: 1.1.0
+      hastscript: 9.0.1
+      property-information: 7.1.0
+      vfile: 6.0.3
+      vfile-location: 5.0.3
+      web-namespaces: 2.0.1
+
+  hast-util-parse-selector@4.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/hast': 3.0.4
+
+  hast-util-raw@9.1.0:
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/hast': 3.0.4
+      '@types/unist': 3.0.3
+      '@ungap/structured-clone': 1.3.0
+      hast-util-from-parse5: 8.0.3
+      hast-util-to-parse5: 8.0.1
+      html-void-elements: 3.0.0
+      mdast-util-to-hast: 13.2.1
+      parse5: 7.3.0
+      unist-util-position: 5.0.0
+      unist-util-visit: 5.1.0
+      vfile: 6.0.3
+      web-namespaces: 2.0.1
+      zwitch: 2.0.4
+
+  hast-util-sanitize@5.0.2:
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/hast': 3.0.4
+      '@ungap/structured-clone': 1.3.0
+      unist-util-position: 5.0.0
+
   hast-util-to-jsx-runtime@2.3.6:
     dependencies:
       '@types/estree': 1.0.8
@@ -6338,10 +6423,28 @@ snapshots:
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - supports-color
 
+  hast-util-to-parse5@8.0.1:
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/hast': 3.0.4
+      comma-separated-tokens: 2.0.3
+      devlop: 1.1.0
+      property-information: 7.1.0
+      space-separated-tokens: 2.0.2
+      web-namespaces: 2.0.1
+      zwitch: 2.0.4
+
   hast-util-whitespace@3.0.0:
     dependencies:
       '@types/hast': 3.0.4
 
+  hastscript@9.0.1:
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/hast': 3.0.4
+      comma-separated-tokens: 2.0.3
+      hast-util-parse-selector: 4.0.0
+      property-information: 7.1.0
+      space-separated-tokens: 2.0.2
+
   headers-polyfill@4.0.3: {}
 
   hermes-estree@0.25.1: {}
@@ -6358,6 +6461,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   html-url-attributes@3.0.1: {}
 
+  html-void-elements@3.0.0: {}
+
   http-errors@2.0.1:
     dependencies:
       depd: 2.0.0
@@ -7135,6 +7240,10 @@ snapshots:
 
   parse-statements@1.0.11: {}
 
+  parse5@7.3.0:
+    dependencies:
+      entities: 6.0.1
+
   parseurl@1.3.3: {}
 
   path-browserify@1.0.1: {}
@@ -7369,6 +7478,17 @@ snapshots:
       tiny-invariant: 1.3.3
       tslib: 2.8.1
 
+  rehype-raw@7.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/hast': 3.0.4
+      hast-util-raw: 9.1.0
+      vfile: 6.0.3
+
+  rehype-sanitize@6.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/hast': 3.0.4
+      hast-util-sanitize: 5.0.2
+
   remark-gfm@4.0.1:
     dependencies:
       '@types/mdast': 4.0.4
@@ -7860,6 +7980,11 @@ snapshots:
 
   vary@1.1.2: {}
 
+  vfile-location@5.0.3:
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/unist': 3.0.3
+      vfile: 6.0.3
+
   vfile-message@4.0.3:
     dependencies:
       '@types/unist': 3.0.3
@@ -7887,6 +8012,8 @@ snapshots:
 
   void-elements@3.1.0: {}
 
+  web-namespaces@2.0.1: {}
+
   web-streams-polyfill@3.3.3: {}
 
   webpack-virtual-modules@0.6.2: {}
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/api/channels.ts b/web/frontend/src/api/channels.ts
index ecd77632c..85550ca81 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/api/channels.ts
+++ b/web/frontend/src/api/channels.ts
@@ -62,4 +62,46 @@ export async function patchAppConfig(
   })
 }
 
+// WeChat QR login flow API
+
+export interface WeixinFlowResponse {
+  flow_id: string
+  status: "wait" | "scaned" | "confirmed" | "expired" | "error"
+  qr_data_uri?: string
+  account_id?: string
+  error?: string
+}
+
+export interface WecomFlowResponse {
+  flow_id: string
+  status: "wait" | "scaned" | "confirmed" | "expired" | "error"
+  qr_data_uri?: string
+  bot_id?: string
+  error?: string
+}
+
+export async function startWeixinFlow(): Promise<WeixinFlowResponse> {
+  return request<WeixinFlowResponse>("/api/weixin/flows", { method: "POST" })
+}
+
+export async function pollWeixinFlow(
+  flowID: string,
+): Promise<WeixinFlowResponse> {
+  return request<WeixinFlowResponse>(
+    `/api/weixin/flows/${encodeURIComponent(flowID)}`,
+  )
+}
+
+export async function startWecomFlow(): Promise<WecomFlowResponse> {
+  return request<WecomFlowResponse>("/api/wecom/flows", { method: "POST" })
+}
+
+export async function pollWecomFlow(
+  flowID: string,
+): Promise<WecomFlowResponse> {
+  return request<WecomFlowResponse>(
+    `/api/wecom/flows/${encodeURIComponent(flowID)}`,
+  )
+}
+
 export type { ChannelsCatalogResponse, ConfigActionResponse }
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/api/models.ts b/web/frontend/src/api/models.ts
index 8e49b48b4..aa66a7389 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/api/models.ts
+++ b/web/frontend/src/api/models.ts
@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@ export interface ModelInfo {
   max_tokens_field?: string
   request_timeout?: number
   thinking_level?: string
+  extra_body?: Record<string, unknown>
   // Meta
   configured: boolean
   is_default: boolean
+  is_virtual: boolean
 }
 
 interface ModelsListResponse {
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/app-sidebar.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/app-sidebar.tsx
index 702212857..0e135c0c1 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/app-sidebar.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/app-sidebar.tsx
@@ -67,14 +67,17 @@ const baseNavGroups: Omit<NavGroup, "items">[] = [
 
 export function AppSidebar({ ...props }: React.ComponentProps<typeof Sidebar>) {
   const routerState = useRouterState()
-  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const { i18n, t } = useTranslation()
   const currentPath = routerState.location.pathname
   const {
     channelItems,
     hasMoreChannels,
     showAllChannels,
     toggleShowAllChannels,
-  } = useSidebarChannels({ t })
+  } = useSidebarChannels({
+    language: (i18n.resolvedLanguage ?? i18n.language ?? "").toLowerCase(),
+    t,
+  })
 
   const navGroups: NavGroup[] = React.useMemo(() => {
     return [
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-config-page.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-config-page.tsx
index b19d11e6a..6af821ac9 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-config-page.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-config-page.tsx
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-import { IconLoader2 } from "@tabler/icons-react"
-import { useAtomValue } from "jotai"
+import { IconAlertTriangle, IconLoader2 } from "@tabler/icons-react"
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react"
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next"
-import { toast } from "sonner"
 
 import {
   type ChannelConfig,
@@ -17,10 +15,13 @@ import { FeishuForm } from "@/components/channels/channel-forms/feishu-form"
 import { GenericForm } from "@/components/channels/channel-forms/generic-form"
 import { SlackForm } from "@/components/channels/channel-forms/slack-form"
 import { TelegramForm } from "@/components/channels/channel-forms/telegram-form"
+import { WecomForm } from "@/components/channels/channel-forms/wecom-form"
+import { WeixinForm } from "@/components/channels/channel-forms/weixin-form"
 import { PageHeader } from "@/components/page-header"
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
 import { Switch } from "@/components/ui/switch"
-import { gatewayAtom } from "@/store/gateway"
+import { useGateway } from "@/hooks/use-gateway"
+import { refreshGatewayState } from "@/store/gateway"
 
 interface ChannelConfigPageProps {
   channelName: string
@@ -142,14 +143,10 @@ function isConfigured(
       )
     case "onebot":
       return asString(config.ws_url) !== ""
+    case "weixin":
+      return asString(config.account_id) !== ""
     case "wecom":
-      return asString(config.token) !== ""
-    case "wecom_app":
-      return (
-        asString(config.corp_id) !== "" && asString(config.corp_secret) !== ""
-      )
-    case "wecom_aibot":
-      return asString(config.token) !== ""
+      return asString(config.bot_id) !== ""
     case "whatsapp":
       return asString(config.bridge_url) !== ""
     case "whatsapp_native":
@@ -190,11 +187,7 @@ function getRequiredFieldKeys(channelName: string): string[] {
     case "onebot":
       return ["ws_url"]
     case "wecom":
-      return ["token"]
-    case "wecom_app":
-      return ["corp_id", "corp_secret"]
-    case "wecom_aibot":
-      return ["token"]
+      return []
     case "whatsapp":
       return ["bridge_url"]
     case "pico":
@@ -238,7 +231,7 @@ const CHANNELS_WITHOUT_DOCS = new Set([
 
 export function ChannelConfigPage({ channelName }: ChannelConfigPageProps) {
   const { t, i18n } = useTranslation()
-  const gateway = useAtomValue(gatewayAtom)
+  const { state: gatewayState } = useGateway()
 
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true)
   const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false)
@@ -251,56 +244,59 @@ export function ChannelConfigPage({ channelName }: ChannelConfigPageProps) {
   const [editConfig, setEditConfig] = useState<ChannelConfig>({})
   const [enabled, setEnabled] = useState(false)
 
-  const loadData = useCallback(async () => {
-    setLoading(true)
-    try {
-      const [catalog, appConfig] = await Promise.all([
-        getChannelsCatalog(),
-        getAppConfig(),
-      ])
-      const matched =
-        catalog.channels.find((item) => item.name === channelName) ?? null
+  const loadData = useCallback(
+    async (silent = false) => {
+      if (!silent) setLoading(true)
+      try {
+        const [catalog, appConfig] = await Promise.all([
+          getChannelsCatalog(),
+          getAppConfig(),
+        ])
+        const matched =
+          catalog.channels.find((item) => item.name === channelName) ?? null
 
-      if (!matched) {
-        setChannel(null)
-        setFetchError(
-          t("channels.page.notFound", {
-            name: channelName,
-          }),
-        )
-        return
+        if (!matched) {
+          setChannel(null)
+          setFetchError(
+            t("channels.page.notFound", {
+              name: channelName,
+            }),
+          )
+          return
+        }
+
+        const channelsConfig = asRecord(asRecord(appConfig).channels)
+        const raw = asRecord(channelsConfig[matched.config_key])
+        const normalized = normalizeConfig(matched, raw)
+
+        setChannel(matched)
+        setBaseConfig(normalized)
+        setEditConfig(buildEditConfig(normalized))
+        setEnabled(asBool(normalized.enabled))
+        setFetchError("")
+        setServerError("")
+        setFieldErrors({})
+      } catch (e) {
+        setFetchError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("channels.loadError"))
+      } finally {
+        if (!silent) setLoading(false)
       }
-
-      const channelsConfig = asRecord(asRecord(appConfig).channels)
-      const raw = asRecord(channelsConfig[matched.config_key])
-      const normalized = normalizeConfig(matched, raw)
-
-      setChannel(matched)
-      setBaseConfig(normalized)
-      setEditConfig(buildEditConfig(normalized))
-      setEnabled(asBool(normalized.enabled))
-      setFetchError("")
-      setServerError("")
-      setFieldErrors({})
-    } catch (e) {
-      setFetchError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("channels.loadError"))
-    } finally {
-      setLoading(false)
-    }
-  }, [channelName, t])
+    },
+    [channelName, t],
+  )
 
   useEffect(() => {
     loadData()
   }, [loadData])
 
-  const previousGatewayStatusRef = useRef(gateway.status)
+  const previousGatewayStatusRef = useRef(gatewayState)
   useEffect(() => {
     const previousStatus = previousGatewayStatusRef.current
-    if (previousStatus !== "running" && gateway.status === "running") {
+    if (previousStatus !== "running" && gatewayState === "running") {
       void loadData()
     }
-    previousGatewayStatusRef.current = gateway.status
-  }, [gateway.status, loadData])
+    previousGatewayStatusRef.current = gatewayState
+  }, [gatewayState, loadData])
 
   const savePayload = useMemo(() => {
     if (!channel) return null
@@ -331,6 +327,8 @@ export function ChannelConfigPage({ channelName }: ChannelConfigPageProps) {
     return getChannelDisplayName(channel, t)
   }, [channel, channelName, t])
 
+  const hidesPageLevelEnableToggle = channel?.name === "wecom"
+
   const hiddenKeys = useMemo(() => {
     if (!channel) return []
     if (channel.name === "whatsapp") {
@@ -393,18 +391,58 @@ export function ChannelConfigPage({ channelName }: ChannelConfigPageProps) {
           [channel.config_key]: savePayload,
         },
       })
-      toast.success(t("channels.page.saveSuccess"))
       await loadData()
     } catch (e) {
       const message =
         e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("channels.page.saveError")
       setServerError(message)
-      toast.error(message)
     } finally {
       setSaving(false)
     }
   }
 
+  const handleWeixinBindSuccess = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      setEnabled(true)
+      await Promise.all([loadData(true), refreshGatewayState({ force: true })])
+    } catch (e) {
+      const message =
+        e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("channels.page.saveError")
+      setServerError(message)
+      await loadData(true)
+    }
+  }, [loadData, t])
+
+  const handleWecomBindSuccess = useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      setEnabled(true)
+      await Promise.all([loadData(true), refreshGatewayState({ force: true })])
+    } catch (e) {
+      const message =
+        e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("channels.page.saveError")
+      setServerError(message)
+      await loadData(true)
+    }
+  }, [loadData, t])
+
+  const handleWecomEnabledChange = useCallback(
+    async (nextEnabled: boolean) => {
+      try {
+        setEnabled(nextEnabled)
+        await Promise.all([
+          loadData(true),
+          refreshGatewayState({ force: true }),
+        ])
+      } catch (e) {
+        const message =
+          e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("channels.page.saveError")
+        setServerError(message)
+        await loadData(true)
+      }
+    },
+    [loadData, t],
+  )
+
   const renderForm = () => {
     if (!channel) return null
     const isEdit = configured
@@ -446,6 +484,36 @@ export function ChannelConfigPage({ channelName }: ChannelConfigPageProps) {
             fieldErrors={fieldErrors}
           />
         )
+      case "weixin":
+        return (
+          <WeixinForm
+            config={editConfig}
+            onChange={handleChange}
+            isEdit={isEdit}
+            onBindSuccess={() => void handleWeixinBindSuccess()}
+          />
+        )
+      case "wecom":
+        return (
+          <>
+            <WecomForm
+              config={editConfig}
+              isEdit={isEdit}
+              onBindSuccess={() => void handleWecomBindSuccess()}
+              onEnabledChange={(nextEnabled) =>
+                void handleWecomEnabledChange(nextEnabled)
+              }
+            />
+            <GenericForm
+              config={editConfig}
+              onChange={handleChange}
+              isEdit={isEdit}
+              hiddenKeys={[...hiddenKeys, "bot_id"]}
+              requiredKeys={requiredKeys}
+              fieldErrors={fieldErrors}
+            />
+          </>
+        )
       default:
         return (
           <GenericForm
@@ -510,12 +578,33 @@ export function ChannelConfigPage({ channelName }: ChannelConfigPageProps) {
               )}
             </div>
 
-            <div className="border-border/60 bg-background flex items-center justify-between rounded-lg border px-4 py-3">
-              <p className="text-sm font-medium">
-                {t("channels.page.enableLabel")}
-              </p>
-              <Switch checked={enabled} onCheckedChange={setEnabled} />
-            </div>
+            {channel?.name === "weixin" && (
+              <div className="rounded-xl border border-amber-500/40 bg-amber-500/10 px-4 py-3">
+                <div className="flex items-start gap-3">
+                  <IconAlertTriangle
+                    size={18}
+                    className="mt-0.5 shrink-0 text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-400"
+                  />
+                  <div className="space-y-1">
+                    <p className="text-sm font-medium text-amber-700 dark:text-amber-300">
+                      {t("channels.weixin.warningTitle")}
+                    </p>
+                    <p className="text-sm text-amber-700/90 dark:text-amber-300/90">
+                      {t("channels.weixin.warningDesc")}
+                    </p>
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            )}
+
+            {!hidesPageLevelEnableToggle && (
+              <div className="border-border/60 bg-background flex items-center justify-between rounded-lg border px-4 py-3">
+                <p className="text-sm font-medium">
+                  {t("channels.page.enableLabel")}
+                </p>
+                <Switch checked={enabled} onCheckedChange={setEnabled} />
+              </div>
+            )}
 
             {renderForm()}
 
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-forms/generic-form.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-forms/generic-form.tsx
index db14fc206..936802944 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-forms/generic-form.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-forms/generic-form.tsx
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ const SECRET_FIELDS = new Set([
   "encoding_aes_key",
   "encrypt_key",
   "verification_token",
+  "secret",
   "password",
   "nickserv_password",
   "sasl_password",
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ const OBJECT_FIELDS = new Set([
   "allow_token_query",
   "allow_from",
   "allow_origins",
+  "groups",
 ])
 
 function formatLabel(key: string): string {
@@ -118,6 +120,16 @@ export function GenericForm({
       app_id: t("channels.form.desc.appId"),
       client_id: t("channels.form.desc.clientId"),
       corp_id: t("channels.form.desc.corpId"),
+      bot_id: t("channels.form.desc.appId"),
+      websocket_url: t("channels.form.desc.wsUrl"),
+      dm_policy: t("channels.form.desc.genericField", { field: "DM policy" }),
+      group_policy: t("channels.form.desc.genericField", {
+        field: "group policy",
+      }),
+      group_allow_from: t("channels.form.desc.allowFrom"),
+      send_thinking_message: t("channels.form.desc.genericField", {
+        field: "thinking message behavior",
+      }),
       agent_id: t("channels.form.desc.agentId"),
       webhook_url: t("channels.form.desc.webhookUrl"),
       webhook_host: t("channels.form.desc.webhookHost"),
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-forms/wecom-form.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-forms/wecom-form.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..744c87ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-forms/wecom-form.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+import {
+  IconCheck,
+  IconLoader2,
+  IconQrcode,
+  IconRefresh,
+  IconX,
+} from "@tabler/icons-react"
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react"
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next"
+
+import type { ChannelConfig } from "@/api/channels"
+import { patchAppConfig, pollWecomFlow, startWecomFlow } from "@/api/channels"
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
+import { Switch } from "@/components/ui/switch"
+
+type BindingState =
+  | "idle"
+  | "loading"
+  | "waiting"
+  | "scaned"
+  | "confirmed"
+  | "expired"
+  | "error"
+
+interface WecomFormProps {
+  config: ChannelConfig
+  isEdit: boolean
+  onBindSuccess?: () => void
+  onEnabledChange?: (enabled: boolean) => void
+}
+
+function asString(value: unknown): string {
+  return typeof value === "string" ? value : ""
+}
+
+export function WecomForm({
+  config,
+  isEdit,
+  onBindSuccess,
+  onEnabledChange,
+}: WecomFormProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+
+  const [bindState, setBindState] = useState<BindingState>("idle")
+  const [qrDataURI, setQrDataURI] = useState<string | null>(null)
+  const [botID, setBotID] = useState<string | null>(null)
+  const [errorMsg, setErrorMsg] = useState("")
+  const [enabled, setEnabled] = useState(config.enabled === true)
+  const [toggleSaving, setToggleSaving] = useState(false)
+  const [toggleError, setToggleError] = useState("")
+
+  const pollTimerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null>(null)
+  const pollGenerationRef = useRef(0)
+  const existingBotID = asString(config.bot_id)
+  const isBound = isEdit && existingBotID !== ""
+
+  const stopPolling = useCallback(() => {
+    pollGenerationRef.current += 1
+    if (pollTimerRef.current !== null) {
+      clearInterval(pollTimerRef.current)
+      pollTimerRef.current = null
+    }
+  }, [])
+
+  useEffect(() => () => stopPolling(), [stopPolling])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setEnabled(config.enabled === true)
+  }, [config.enabled])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!existingBotID) return
+    stopPolling()
+    setBotID(existingBotID)
+    setBindState("confirmed")
+    setErrorMsg("")
+  }, [existingBotID, stopPolling])
+
+  const startPolling = useCallback(
+    (id: string) => {
+      stopPolling()
+      const generation = pollGenerationRef.current
+      let inFlight = false
+      pollTimerRef.current = setInterval(async () => {
+        if (inFlight) return
+        inFlight = true
+        try {
+          const resp = await pollWecomFlow(id)
+          if (generation !== pollGenerationRef.current) {
+            return
+          }
+          if (resp.status === "scaned") {
+            setBindState("scaned")
+          } else if (resp.status === "confirmed") {
+            stopPolling()
+            setBotID(resp.bot_id ?? existingBotID ?? null)
+            setBindState("confirmed")
+            onBindSuccess?.()
+          } else if (resp.status === "expired") {
+            stopPolling()
+            setBindState("expired")
+          } else if (resp.status === "error") {
+            stopPolling()
+            setBindState("error")
+            setErrorMsg(resp.error ?? t("channels.wecom.errorGeneric"))
+          }
+        } catch {
+          // transient network error — keep polling
+        } finally {
+          inFlight = false
+        }
+      }, 2000)
+    },
+    [existingBotID, onBindSuccess, stopPolling, t],
+  )
+
+  const handleEnabledChange = useCallback(
+    async (checked: boolean) => {
+      if (!existingBotID || toggleSaving) {
+        return
+      }
+      setToggleSaving(true)
+      setToggleError("")
+      try {
+        await patchAppConfig({
+          channels: {
+            wecom: {
+              enabled: checked,
+            },
+          },
+        })
+        setEnabled(checked)
+        onEnabledChange?.(checked)
+      } catch (e) {
+        setToggleError(
+          e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("channels.wecom.errorGeneric"),
+        )
+      } finally {
+        setToggleSaving(false)
+      }
+    },
+    [existingBotID, onEnabledChange, t, toggleSaving],
+  )
+
+  const handleBind = async () => {
+    setBindState("loading")
+    setErrorMsg("")
+    setToggleError("")
+    setQrDataURI(null)
+    stopPolling()
+    try {
+      const resp = await startWecomFlow()
+      setQrDataURI(resp.qr_data_uri ?? null)
+      setBindState("waiting")
+      startPolling(resp.flow_id)
+    } catch (e) {
+      setBindState("error")
+      setErrorMsg(
+        e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("channels.wecom.errorGeneric"),
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  const handleRebind = () => {
+    stopPolling()
+    setBindState("idle")
+    setQrDataURI(null)
+    setBotID(null)
+    setErrorMsg("")
+    void handleBind()
+  }
+
+  const renderBindSection = () => {
+    if (bindState === "idle") {
+      if (isBound) {
+        return (
+          <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-3 py-6">
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-full bg-emerald-500/10 px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-emerald-600 dark:text-emerald-400">
+              <IconCheck size={16} />
+              {t("channels.wecom.bound")}
+            </div>
+            {existingBotID && (
+              <p className="text-muted-foreground font-mono text-xs">
+                {existingBotID}
+              </p>
+            )}
+            <Button
+              variant="outline"
+              size="sm"
+              onClick={handleRebind}
+              className="mt-1 gap-2"
+            >
+              <IconRefresh size={14} />
+              {t("channels.wecom.rebind")}
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+        )
+      }
+      return (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-4 py-6">
+          <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">
+            {t("channels.wecom.notBound")}
+          </p>
+          <Button onClick={handleBind} className="gap-2">
+            <IconQrcode size={16} />
+            {t("channels.wecom.bind")}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (bindState === "loading") {
+      return (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-3 py-8">
+          <IconLoader2
+            className="text-muted-foreground animate-spin"
+            size={32}
+          />
+          <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">
+            {t("channels.wecom.generating")}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (bindState === "waiting" || bindState === "scaned") {
+      return (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-4 py-4">
+          {qrDataURI ? (
+            <img
+              src={qrDataURI}
+              alt="WeCom QR Code"
+              className="border-border/60 h-48 w-48 rounded-xl border bg-white p-2 shadow-sm"
+            />
+          ) : (
+            <div className="border-border/60 bg-muted flex h-48 w-48 items-center justify-center rounded-xl border">
+              <IconLoader2
+                className="text-muted-foreground animate-spin"
+                size={32}
+              />
+            </div>
+          )}
+          {bindState === "scaned" ? (
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-full bg-amber-500/10 px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-400">
+              <IconLoader2 size={14} className="animate-spin" />
+              {t("channels.wecom.scanned")}
+            </div>
+          ) : (
+            <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">
+              {t("channels.wecom.scanHint")}
+            </p>
+          )}
+          <Button
+            variant="ghost"
+            size="sm"
+            onClick={handleRebind}
+            className="text-muted-foreground"
+          >
+            <IconRefresh size={14} className="mr-1" />
+            {t("channels.wecom.refresh")}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (bindState === "confirmed") {
+      return (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-3 py-6">
+          <div className="flex h-14 w-14 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-emerald-500/10">
+            <IconCheck
+              size={28}
+              className="text-emerald-600 dark:text-emerald-400"
+            />
+          </div>
+          <p className="text-sm font-medium text-emerald-600 dark:text-emerald-400">
+            {t("channels.wecom.bound")}
+          </p>
+          {botID && (
+            <p className="text-muted-foreground font-mono text-xs">{botID}</p>
+          )}
+          <Button
+            variant="outline"
+            size="sm"
+            onClick={handleRebind}
+            className="mt-1 gap-2"
+          >
+            <IconRefresh size={14} />
+            {t("channels.wecom.rebind")}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (bindState === "expired") {
+      return (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-4 py-6">
+          <div className="flex h-14 w-14 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-amber-500/10">
+            <IconX size={28} className="text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-400" />
+          </div>
+          <p className="text-sm text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-400">
+            {t("channels.wecom.expired")}
+          </p>
+          <Button onClick={handleRebind} className="gap-2">
+            <IconRefresh size={14} />
+            {t("channels.wecom.retry")}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (bindState === "error") {
+      return (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-4 py-6">
+          <div className="bg-destructive/10 flex h-14 w-14 items-center justify-center rounded-full">
+            <IconX size={28} className="text-destructive" />
+          </div>
+          <p className="text-destructive text-sm">
+            {errorMsg || t("channels.wecom.errorGeneric")}
+          </p>
+          <Button variant="outline" onClick={handleRebind} className="gap-2">
+            <IconRefresh size={14} />
+            {t("channels.wecom.retry")}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-5">
+      <div className="border-border/60 bg-background rounded-lg border px-4 py-3">
+        <div className="flex items-center justify-between gap-4">
+          <div>
+            <p className="text-sm font-medium">
+              {t("channels.page.enableLabel")}
+            </p>
+            <p className="text-muted-foreground mt-0.5 text-xs">
+              {isBound
+                ? t("channels.wecom.enableDesc")
+                : t("channels.wecom.enableBindFirst")}
+            </p>
+          </div>
+          <Switch
+            checked={enabled}
+            disabled={!isBound || toggleSaving}
+            onCheckedChange={(checked) => void handleEnabledChange(checked)}
+          />
+        </div>
+        {toggleError && (
+          <p className="text-destructive mt-2 text-sm">{toggleError}</p>
+        )}
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="border-border/60 bg-muted/30 rounded-xl border">
+        <div className="border-border/60 border-b px-4 py-3">
+          <p className="text-sm font-medium">{t("channels.wecom.bindTitle")}</p>
+          <p className="text-muted-foreground mt-0.5 text-xs">
+            {t("channels.wecom.bindDesc")}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+        {renderBindSection()}
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-forms/weixin-form.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-forms/weixin-form.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20e66ffc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/channels/channel-forms/weixin-form.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+import {
+  IconCheck,
+  IconLoader2,
+  IconQrcode,
+  IconRefresh,
+  IconX,
+} from "@tabler/icons-react"
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react"
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next"
+
+import type { ChannelConfig } from "@/api/channels"
+import { pollWeixinFlow, startWeixinFlow } from "@/api/channels"
+import { Field } from "@/components/shared-form"
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
+import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input"
+
+type BindingState =
+  | "idle"
+  | "loading"
+  | "waiting"
+  | "scaned"
+  | "confirmed"
+  | "expired"
+  | "error"
+
+interface WeixinFormProps {
+  config: ChannelConfig
+  onChange: (key: string, value: unknown) => void
+  isEdit: boolean
+  onBindSuccess?: () => void
+}
+
+function asString(value: unknown): string {
+  return typeof value === "string" ? value : ""
+}
+
+function asStringArray(value: unknown): string[] {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return []
+  return value.filter((item): item is string => typeof item === "string")
+}
+
+export function WeixinForm({
+  config,
+  onChange,
+  isEdit,
+  onBindSuccess,
+}: WeixinFormProps) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+
+  const [bindState, setBindState] = useState<BindingState>("idle")
+  const [qrDataURI, setQrDataURI] = useState<string | null>(null)
+  const [accountID, setAccountID] = useState<string | null>(null)
+  const [errorMsg, setErrorMsg] = useState("")
+
+  const pollTimerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null>(null)
+  const pollGenerationRef = useRef(0)
+  const isBound = isEdit && asString(config.account_id) !== ""
+  const existingAccountID = asString(config.account_id)
+
+  const stopPolling = useCallback(() => {
+    pollGenerationRef.current += 1
+    if (pollTimerRef.current !== null) {
+      clearInterval(pollTimerRef.current)
+      pollTimerRef.current = null
+    }
+  }, [])
+
+  useEffect(() => () => stopPolling(), [stopPolling])
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!existingAccountID) return
+    stopPolling()
+    setAccountID(existingAccountID)
+    setBindState("confirmed")
+    setErrorMsg("")
+  }, [existingAccountID, stopPolling])
+
+  const startPolling = useCallback(
+    (id: string) => {
+      stopPolling()
+      const generation = pollGenerationRef.current
+      let inFlight = false
+      pollTimerRef.current = setInterval(async () => {
+        if (inFlight) return
+        inFlight = true
+        try {
+          const resp = await pollWeixinFlow(id)
+          if (generation !== pollGenerationRef.current) {
+            return
+          }
+          if (resp.status === "scaned") {
+            setBindState("scaned")
+          } else if (resp.status === "confirmed") {
+            stopPolling()
+            setAccountID(resp.account_id ?? existingAccountID ?? null)
+            setBindState("confirmed")
+            onBindSuccess?.()
+          } else if (resp.status === "expired") {
+            stopPolling()
+            setBindState("expired")
+          } else if (resp.status === "error") {
+            stopPolling()
+            setBindState("error")
+            setErrorMsg(resp.error ?? t("channels.weixin.errorGeneric"))
+          }
+        } catch {
+          // transient network error — keep polling
+        } finally {
+          inFlight = false
+        }
+      }, 2000)
+    },
+    [existingAccountID, stopPolling, onBindSuccess, t],
+  )
+
+  const handleBind = async () => {
+    setBindState("loading")
+    setErrorMsg("")
+    setQrDataURI(null)
+    stopPolling()
+    try {
+      const resp = await startWeixinFlow()
+      setQrDataURI(resp.qr_data_uri ?? null)
+      setBindState("waiting")
+      startPolling(resp.flow_id)
+    } catch (e) {
+      setBindState("error")
+      setErrorMsg(
+        e instanceof Error ? e.message : t("channels.weixin.errorGeneric"),
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
+  const handleRebind = () => {
+    stopPolling()
+    setBindState("idle")
+    setQrDataURI(null)
+    setAccountID(null)
+    setErrorMsg("")
+    void handleBind()
+  }
+
+  const renderBindSection = () => {
+    if (bindState === "idle") {
+      if (isBound) {
+        return (
+          <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-3 py-6">
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-full bg-emerald-500/10 px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-emerald-600 dark:text-emerald-400">
+              <IconCheck size={16} />
+              {t("channels.weixin.bound")}
+            </div>
+            {existingAccountID && (
+              <p className="text-muted-foreground font-mono text-xs">
+                {existingAccountID}
+              </p>
+            )}
+            <Button
+              variant="outline"
+              size="sm"
+              onClick={handleRebind}
+              className="mt-1 gap-2"
+            >
+              <IconRefresh size={14} />
+              {t("channels.weixin.rebind")}
+            </Button>
+          </div>
+        )
+      }
+      return (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-4 py-6">
+          <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">
+            {t("channels.weixin.notBound")}
+          </p>
+          <Button onClick={handleBind} className="gap-2">
+            <IconQrcode size={16} />
+            {t("channels.weixin.bind")}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (bindState === "loading") {
+      return (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-3 py-8">
+          <IconLoader2
+            className="text-muted-foreground animate-spin"
+            size={32}
+          />
+          <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">
+            {t("channels.weixin.generating")}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (bindState === "waiting" || bindState === "scaned") {
+      return (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-4 py-4">
+          {qrDataURI ? (
+            <img
+              src={qrDataURI}
+              alt="WeChat QR Code"
+              className="border-border/60 h-48 w-48 rounded-xl border bg-white p-2 shadow-sm"
+            />
+          ) : (
+            <div className="border-border/60 bg-muted flex h-48 w-48 items-center justify-center rounded-xl border">
+              <IconLoader2
+                className="text-muted-foreground animate-spin"
+                size={32}
+              />
+            </div>
+          )}
+          {bindState === "scaned" ? (
+            <div className="flex items-center gap-2 rounded-full bg-amber-500/10 px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-400">
+              <IconLoader2 size={14} className="animate-spin" />
+              {t("channels.weixin.scanned")}
+            </div>
+          ) : (
+            <p className="text-muted-foreground text-sm">
+              {t("channels.weixin.scanHint")}
+            </p>
+          )}
+          <Button
+            variant="ghost"
+            size="sm"
+            onClick={handleRebind}
+            className="text-muted-foreground"
+          >
+            <IconRefresh size={14} className="mr-1" />
+            {t("channels.weixin.refresh")}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (bindState === "confirmed") {
+      return (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-3 py-6">
+          <div className="flex h-14 w-14 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-emerald-500/10">
+            <IconCheck
+              size={28}
+              className="text-emerald-600 dark:text-emerald-400"
+            />
+          </div>
+          <p className="text-sm font-medium text-emerald-600 dark:text-emerald-400">
+            {t("channels.weixin.bound")}
+          </p>
+          {accountID && (
+            <p className="text-muted-foreground font-mono text-xs">
+              {accountID}
+            </p>
+          )}
+          <Button
+            variant="outline"
+            size="sm"
+            onClick={handleRebind}
+            className="mt-1 gap-2"
+          >
+            <IconRefresh size={14} />
+            {t("channels.weixin.rebind")}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (bindState === "expired") {
+      return (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-4 py-6">
+          <div className="flex h-14 w-14 items-center justify-center rounded-full bg-amber-500/10">
+            <IconX size={28} className="text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-400" />
+          </div>
+          <p className="text-sm text-amber-600 dark:text-amber-400">
+            {t("channels.weixin.expired")}
+          </p>
+          <Button onClick={handleRebind} className="gap-2">
+            <IconRefresh size={14} />
+            {t("channels.weixin.retry")}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (bindState === "error") {
+      return (
+        <div className="flex flex-col items-center gap-4 py-6">
+          <div className="bg-destructive/10 flex h-14 w-14 items-center justify-center rounded-full">
+            <IconX size={28} className="text-destructive" />
+          </div>
+          <p className="text-destructive text-sm">
+            {errorMsg || t("channels.weixin.errorGeneric")}
+          </p>
+          <Button variant="outline" onClick={handleRebind} className="gap-2">
+            <IconRefresh size={14} />
+            {t("channels.weixin.retry")}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      )
+    }
+
+    return null
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="space-y-5">
+      {/* QR Bind Section */}
+      <div className="border-border/60 bg-muted/30 rounded-xl border">
+        <div className="border-border/60 border-b px-4 py-3">
+          <p className="text-sm font-medium">
+            {t("channels.weixin.bindTitle")}
+          </p>
+          <p className="text-muted-foreground mt-0.5 text-xs">
+            {t("channels.weixin.bindDesc")}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+        {renderBindSection()}
+      </div>
+
+      {/* allow_from */}
+      <Field
+        label={t("channels.field.allowFrom")}
+        hint={t("channels.form.desc.allowFrom")}
+      >
+        <Input
+          value={asStringArray(config.allow_from).join(", ")}
+          onChange={(e) =>
+            onChange(
+              "allow_from",
+              e.target.value
+                .split(",")
+                .map((s: string) => s.trim())
+                .filter(Boolean),
+            )
+          }
+          placeholder={t("channels.field.allowFromPlaceholder")}
+        />
+      </Field>
+
+      {/* proxy */}
+      <Field
+        label={t("channels.field.proxy")}
+        hint={t("channels.form.desc.proxy")}
+      >
+        <Input
+          value={asString(config.proxy)}
+          onChange={(e) => onChange("proxy", e.target.value)}
+          placeholder="http://localhost:7890"
+        />
+      </Field>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/chat/assistant-message.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/chat/assistant-message.tsx
index 150f2f87d..05da3ceb1 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/chat/assistant-message.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/chat/assistant-message.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { IconCheck, IconCopy } from "@tabler/icons-react"
 import { useState } from "react"
 import ReactMarkdown from "react-markdown"
+import rehypeRaw from "rehype-raw"
+import rehypeSanitize from "rehype-sanitize"
 import remarkGfm from "remark-gfm"
 
 import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
@@ -42,7 +44,12 @@ export function AssistantMessage({
 
       <div className="bg-card text-card-foreground relative overflow-hidden rounded-xl border">
         <div className="prose dark:prose-invert prose-p:my-2 prose-pre:my-2 prose-pre:rounded-lg prose-pre:border prose-pre:bg-zinc-950 prose-pre:p-3 max-w-none p-4 text-[15px] leading-relaxed">
-          <ReactMarkdown remarkPlugins={[remarkGfm]}>{content}</ReactMarkdown>
+          <ReactMarkdown
+            remarkPlugins={[remarkGfm]}
+            rehypePlugins={[rehypeRaw, rehypeSanitize]}
+          >
+            {content}
+          </ReactMarkdown>
         </div>
         <Button
           variant="ghost"
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/chat/user-message.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/chat/user-message.tsx
index b47806f49..0035f14fa 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/chat/user-message.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/chat/user-message.tsx
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ interface UserMessageProps {
 export function UserMessage({ content }: UserMessageProps) {
   return (
     <div className="flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-1.5">
-      <div className="max-w-[70%] rounded-2xl rounded-tr-sm bg-violet-500 px-5 py-3 text-[15px] leading-relaxed text-white shadow-sm">
+      <div className="max-w-[70%] rounded-2xl rounded-tr-sm bg-violet-500 px-5 py-3 text-[15px] leading-relaxed whitespace-pre-wrap text-white shadow-sm">
         {content}
       </div>
     </div>
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/config/config-page.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/config/config-page.tsx
index e533b956f..46f62f426 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/config/config-page.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/config/config-page.tsx
@@ -147,11 +147,19 @@ export function ConfigPage() {
         const maxTokens = parseIntField(form.maxTokens, "Max tokens", {
           min: 1,
         })
+        const contextWindow = form.contextWindow.trim()
+          ? parseIntField(form.contextWindow, "Context window", { min: 1 })
+          : undefined
         const maxToolIterations = parseIntField(
           form.maxToolIterations,
           "Max tool iterations",
           { min: 1 },
         )
+        const toolFeedbackMaxArgsLength = parseIntField(
+          form.toolFeedbackMaxArgsLength,
+          "Tool feedback max args length",
+          { min: 0 },
+        )
         const summarizeMessageThreshold = parseIntField(
           form.summarizeMessageThreshold,
           "Summarize message threshold",
@@ -200,7 +208,13 @@ export function ConfigPage() {
             defaults: {
               workspace,
               restrict_to_workspace: form.restrictToWorkspace,
+              split_on_marker: form.splitOnMarker,
+              tool_feedback: {
+                enabled: form.toolFeedbackEnabled,
+                max_args_length: toolFeedbackMaxArgsLength,
+              },
               max_tokens: maxTokens,
+              context_window: contextWindow,
               max_tool_iterations: maxToolIterations,
               summarize_message_threshold: summarizeMessageThreshold,
               summarize_token_percent: summarizeTokenPercent,
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/config/config-sections.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/config/config-sections.tsx
index 517185eda..b5bec8acd 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/config/config-sections.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/config/config-sections.tsx
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { useState } from "react"
 import type { ReactNode } from "react"
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next"
 
@@ -7,6 +8,7 @@ import {
   type LauncherForm,
 } from "@/components/config/form-model"
 import { Field, SwitchCardField } from "@/components/shared-form"
+import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
 import {
   Card,
   CardContent,
@@ -93,6 +95,43 @@ export function AgentDefaultsSection({
         }
       />
 
+      <SwitchCardField
+        label={t("pages.config.split_on_marker")}
+        hint={t("pages.config.split_on_marker_hint")}
+        layout="setting-row"
+        checked={form.splitOnMarker}
+        onCheckedChange={(checked) =>
+          onFieldChange("splitOnMarker", checked)
+        }
+      />
+
+      <SwitchCardField
+        label={t("pages.config.tool_feedback_enabled")}
+        hint={t("pages.config.tool_feedback_enabled_hint")}
+        layout="setting-row"
+        checked={form.toolFeedbackEnabled}
+        onCheckedChange={(checked) =>
+          onFieldChange("toolFeedbackEnabled", checked)
+        }
+      />
+
+      {form.toolFeedbackEnabled && (
+        <Field
+          label={t("pages.config.tool_feedback_max_args_length")}
+          hint={t("pages.config.tool_feedback_max_args_length_hint")}
+          layout="setting-row"
+        >
+          <Input
+            type="number"
+            min={0}
+            value={form.toolFeedbackMaxArgsLength}
+            onChange={(e) =>
+              onFieldChange("toolFeedbackMaxArgsLength", e.target.value)
+            }
+          />
+        </Field>
+      )}
+
       <Field
         label={t("pages.config.max_tokens")}
         hint={t("pages.config.max_tokens_hint")}
@@ -106,6 +145,20 @@ export function AgentDefaultsSection({
         />
       </Field>
 
+      <Field
+        label={t("pages.config.context_window")}
+        hint={t("pages.config.context_window_hint")}
+        layout="setting-row"
+      >
+        <Input
+          type="number"
+          min={1}
+          value={form.contextWindow}
+          onChange={(e) => onFieldChange("contextWindow", e.target.value)}
+          placeholder="131072"
+        />
+      </Field>
+
       <Field
         label={t("pages.config.max_tool_iterations")}
         hint={t("pages.config.max_tool_iterations_hint")}
@@ -160,6 +213,56 @@ interface ExecSectionProps {
 
 export function ExecSection({ form, onFieldChange }: ExecSectionProps) {
   const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const [testCommand, setTestCommand] = useState("")
+  const [testResult, setTestResult] = useState<{
+    allowed: boolean
+    blocked: boolean
+    matchedWhitelist: string | null
+    matchedBlacklist: string | null
+  } | null>(null)
+  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(false)
+
+  const testPatterns = async () => {
+    if (!testCommand.trim()) {
+      setTestResult(null)
+      return
+    }
+
+    const allowPatterns = form.customAllowPatternsText
+      .split("\n")
+      .map((p) => p.trim())
+      .filter((p) => p.length > 0)
+    const denyPatterns = form.enableDenyPatterns
+      ? form.customDenyPatternsText
+          .split("\n")
+          .map((p) => p.trim())
+          .filter((p) => p.length > 0)
+      : []
+
+    setIsLoading(true)
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch("/api/config/test-command-patterns", {
+        method: "POST",
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          allow_patterns: allowPatterns,
+          deny_patterns: denyPatterns,
+          command: testCommand,
+        }),
+      })
+      const data = await res.json()
+      setTestResult({
+        allowed: data.allowed,
+        blocked: data.blocked,
+        matchedWhitelist: data.matched_whitelist ?? null,
+        matchedBlacklist: data.matched_blacklist ?? null,
+      })
+    } catch {
+      setTestResult(null)
+    } finally {
+      setIsLoading(false)
+    }
+  }
 
   return (
     <ConfigSectionCard title={t("pages.config.sections.exec")}>
@@ -225,6 +328,50 @@ export function ExecSection({ form, onFieldChange }: ExecSectionProps) {
             />
           </Field>
 
+          <Field
+            label={t("pages.config.pattern_detector_title")}
+            hint={t("pages.config.pattern_detector_hint")}
+            layout="setting-row"
+            controlClassName="md:max-w-md"
+          >
+            <div className="flex w-full flex-col gap-2">
+              <div className="flex gap-2">
+                <Input
+                  value={testCommand}
+                  placeholder={t(
+                    "pages.config.pattern_detector_input_placeholder",
+                  )}
+                  onChange={(e) => setTestCommand(e.target.value)}
+                  onKeyDown={(e) => {
+                    if (e.key === "Enter") {
+                      testPatterns()
+                    }
+                  }}
+                />
+                <Button onClick={testPatterns} disabled={isLoading}>
+                  {t("pages.config.pattern_detector_test_button")}
+                </Button>
+              </div>
+              {testResult && (
+                <div
+                  className={`rounded-md p-2 text-sm ${
+                    testResult.allowed
+                      ? "bg-green-500/10 text-green-600"
+                      : testResult.blocked
+                        ? "bg-red-500/10 text-red-600"
+                        : "bg-muted text-muted-foreground"
+                  }`}
+                >
+                  {testResult.allowed
+                    ? `${t("pages.config.pattern_detector_result_allowed")}${testResult.matchedWhitelist ? ` (${testResult.matchedWhitelist})` : ""}`
+                    : testResult.blocked
+                      ? `${t("pages.config.pattern_detector_result_blocked")}${testResult.matchedBlacklist ? ` (${testResult.matchedBlacklist})` : ""}`
+                      : t("pages.config.pattern_detector_result_no_match")}
+                </div>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          </Field>
+
           <Field
             label={t("pages.config.exec_timeout_seconds")}
             hint={t("pages.config.exec_timeout_seconds_hint")}
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/config/form-model.ts b/web/frontend/src/components/config/form-model.ts
index 90d849274..c5542a3b2 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/config/form-model.ts
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/config/form-model.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@ export type JsonRecord = Record<string, unknown>
 export interface CoreConfigForm {
   workspace: string
   restrictToWorkspace: boolean
+  splitOnMarker: boolean
+  toolFeedbackEnabled: boolean
+  toolFeedbackMaxArgsLength: string
   execEnabled: boolean
   allowRemote: boolean
   enableDenyPatterns: boolean
@@ -12,6 +15,7 @@ export interface CoreConfigForm {
   allowCommand: boolean
   cronExecTimeoutMinutes: string
   maxTokens: string
+  contextWindow: string
   maxToolIterations: string
   summarizeMessageThreshold: string
   summarizeTokenPercent: string
@@ -62,6 +66,9 @@ export const DM_SCOPE_OPTIONS = [
 export const EMPTY_FORM: CoreConfigForm = {
   workspace: "",
   restrictToWorkspace: true,
+  splitOnMarker: false,
+  toolFeedbackEnabled: false,
+  toolFeedbackMaxArgsLength: "300",
   execEnabled: true,
   allowRemote: true,
   enableDenyPatterns: true,
@@ -71,6 +78,7 @@ export const EMPTY_FORM: CoreConfigForm = {
   allowCommand: true,
   cronExecTimeoutMinutes: "5",
   maxTokens: "32768",
+  contextWindow: "",
   maxToolIterations: "50",
   summarizeMessageThreshold: "20",
   summarizeTokenPercent: "75",
@@ -122,6 +130,7 @@ export function buildFormFromConfig(config: unknown): CoreConfigForm {
   const tools = asRecord(root.tools)
   const cron = asRecord(tools.cron)
   const exec = asRecord(tools.exec)
+  const toolFeedback = asRecord(defaults.tool_feedback)
 
   return {
     workspace: asString(defaults.workspace) || EMPTY_FORM.workspace,
@@ -129,6 +138,18 @@ export function buildFormFromConfig(config: unknown): CoreConfigForm {
       defaults.restrict_to_workspace === undefined
         ? EMPTY_FORM.restrictToWorkspace
         : asBool(defaults.restrict_to_workspace),
+    splitOnMarker:
+      defaults.split_on_marker === undefined
+        ? EMPTY_FORM.splitOnMarker
+        : asBool(defaults.split_on_marker),
+    toolFeedbackEnabled:
+      toolFeedback.enabled === undefined
+        ? EMPTY_FORM.toolFeedbackEnabled
+        : asBool(toolFeedback.enabled),
+    toolFeedbackMaxArgsLength: asNumberString(
+      toolFeedback.max_args_length,
+      EMPTY_FORM.toolFeedbackMaxArgsLength,
+    ),
     execEnabled:
       exec.enabled === undefined
         ? EMPTY_FORM.execEnabled
@@ -164,6 +185,10 @@ export function buildFormFromConfig(config: unknown): CoreConfigForm {
       EMPTY_FORM.cronExecTimeoutMinutes,
     ),
     maxTokens: asNumberString(defaults.max_tokens, EMPTY_FORM.maxTokens),
+    contextWindow: asNumberString(
+      defaults.context_window,
+      EMPTY_FORM.contextWindow,
+    ),
     maxToolIterations: asNumberString(
       defaults.max_tool_iterations,
       EMPTY_FORM.maxToolIterations,
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/models/add-model-sheet.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/models/add-model-sheet.tsx
index c760bc672..de9481391 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/models/add-model-sheet.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/models/add-model-sheet.tsx
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import {
   SheetHeader,
   SheetTitle,
 } from "@/components/ui/sheet"
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea"
 
 interface AddForm {
   modelName: string
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ interface AddForm {
   maxTokensField: string
   requestTimeout: string
   thinkingLevel: string
+  extraBody: string
 }
 
 const EMPTY_ADD_FORM: AddForm = {
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ const EMPTY_ADD_FORM: AddForm = {
   maxTokensField: "",
   requestTimeout: "",
   thinkingLevel: "",
+  extraBody: "",
 }
 
 interface AddModelSheetProps {
@@ -100,7 +103,8 @@ export function AddModelSheet({
   }
 
   const setField =
-    (key: keyof AddForm) => (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
+    (key: keyof AddForm) =>
+    (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement | HTMLTextAreaElement>) => {
       setForm((f) => ({ ...f, [key]: e.target.value }))
       if (fieldErrors[key]) {
         setFieldErrors((prev) => ({ ...prev, [key]: undefined }))
@@ -129,6 +133,9 @@ export function AddModelSheet({
           ? Number(form.requestTimeout)
           : undefined,
         thinking_level: form.thinkingLevel.trim() || undefined,
+        extra_body: form.extraBody.trim()
+          ? JSON.parse(form.extraBody.trim())
+          : undefined,
       })
       if (setAsDefault) {
         await setDefaultModel(modelName)
@@ -305,6 +312,18 @@ export function AddModelSheet({
                   placeholder="max_completion_tokens"
                 />
               </Field>
+
+              <Field
+                label={t("models.field.extraBody")}
+                hint={t("models.field.extraBodyHint")}
+              >
+                <Textarea
+                  value={form.extraBody}
+                  onChange={setField("extraBody")}
+                  placeholder='{"key": "value"}'
+                  rows={3}
+                />
+              </Field>
             </AdvancedSection>
 
             {serverError && (
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/models/edit-model-sheet.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/models/edit-model-sheet.tsx
index 237991a9f..d1cba6719 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/models/edit-model-sheet.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/models/edit-model-sheet.tsx
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import {
   SheetHeader,
   SheetTitle,
 } from "@/components/ui/sheet"
+import { Textarea } from "@/components/ui/textarea"
 
 interface EditForm {
   apiKey: string
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ interface EditForm {
   maxTokensField: string
   requestTimeout: string
   thinkingLevel: string
+  extraBody: string
 }
 
 interface EditModelSheetProps {
@@ -59,6 +61,7 @@ export function EditModelSheet({
     maxTokensField: "",
     requestTimeout: "",
     thinkingLevel: "",
+    extraBody: "",
   })
   const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false)
   const [setAsDefault, setSetAsDefault] = useState(false)
@@ -79,6 +82,9 @@ export function EditModelSheet({
           ? String(model.request_timeout)
           : "",
         thinkingLevel: model.thinking_level ?? "",
+        extraBody: model.extra_body
+          ? JSON.stringify(model.extra_body, null, 2)
+          : "",
       })
       setSetAsDefault(model.is_default)
       setError("")
@@ -86,7 +92,8 @@ export function EditModelSheet({
   }, [model])
 
   const setField =
-    (key: keyof EditForm) => (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) =>
+    (key: keyof EditForm) =>
+    (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement | HTMLTextAreaElement>) =>
       setForm((f) => ({ ...f, [key]: e.target.value }))
 
   const handleSave = async () => {
@@ -109,6 +116,9 @@ export function EditModelSheet({
           ? Number(form.requestTimeout)
           : undefined,
         thinking_level: form.thinkingLevel || undefined,
+        extra_body: form.extraBody.trim()
+          ? JSON.parse(form.extraBody.trim())
+          : {},
       })
       if (setAsDefault && !model.is_default) {
         await setDefaultModel(model.model_name)
@@ -273,6 +283,18 @@ export function EditModelSheet({
                   placeholder="max_completion_tokens"
                 />
               </Field>
+
+              <Field
+                label={t("models.field.extraBody")}
+                hint={t("models.field.extraBodyHint")}
+              >
+                <Textarea
+                  value={form.extraBody}
+                  onChange={setField("extraBody")}
+                  placeholder='{"key": "value"}'
+                  rows={3}
+                />
+              </Field>
             </AdvancedSection>
 
             {error && (
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/models/model-card.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/models/model-card.tsx
index 316e05e4d..c554410a8 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/models/model-card.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/models/model-card.tsx
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ export function ModelCard({
 }: ModelCardProps) {
   const { t } = useTranslation()
   const isOAuth = model.auth_method === "oauth"
-  const canSetDefault = model.configured && !model.is_default
+  const canSetDefault =
+    model.configured && !model.is_default && !model.is_virtual
 
   return (
     <div
@@ -64,6 +65,11 @@ export function ModelCard({
               {t("models.badge.default")}
             </span>
           )}
+          {model.is_virtual && (
+            <span className="bg-muted text-muted-foreground shrink-0 rounded px-1.5 py-0.5 text-[10px] leading-none font-medium">
+              {t("models.badge.virtual")}
+            </span>
+          )}
         </div>
 
         <div className="flex shrink-0 items-center gap-0.5">
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/models/models-page.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/models/models-page.tsx
index 6776e5ca8..a6747c5e0 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/models/models-page.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/models/models-page.tsx
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ const PROVIDER_PRIORITY: Record<string, number> = {
   vllm: 16,
   mistral: 17,
   avian: 18,
+  mimo: 19,
 }
 
 interface ProviderGroup {
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/models/provider-icon.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/models/provider-icon.tsx
index 5e2151e2d..814a59834 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/models/provider-icon.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/models/provider-icon.tsx
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ const PROVIDER_DOMAINS: Record<string, string> = {
   avian: "avian.io",
   vllm: "vllm.ai",
   zhipu: "zhipuai.cn",
+  mimo: "xiaomi.com",
 }
 
 interface ProviderIconProps {
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/models/provider-label.ts b/web/frontend/src/components/models/provider-label.ts
index 923cd9506..82600a96f 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/models/provider-label.ts
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/models/provider-label.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ const PROVIDER_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
   avian: "Avian",
   vllm: "VLLM (local)",
   zhipu: "Zhipu AI (智谱)",
+  mimo: "Xiaomi MiMo",
 }
 
 export function getProviderKey(model: string): string {
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/secret-placeholder.ts b/web/frontend/src/components/secret-placeholder.ts
index c6167d78e..88d4cb311 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/secret-placeholder.ts
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/secret-placeholder.ts
@@ -4,13 +4,20 @@ export function maskedSecretPlaceholder(value: unknown, fallback = ""): string {
     return fallback
   }
 
-  if (secret.length < 7) {
+  // ensure at least 40% of the characters are masked for secrets of length 4 or more
+  if (secret.length <= 6) {
     const first = secret[0]
     const last = secret[secret.length - 1]
     return `${first}***${last}`
   }
 
-  const prefix = secret.slice(0, Math.min(3, secret.length))
-  const suffix = secret.slice(-Math.min(4, secret.length))
-  return `${prefix}***${suffix}`
+  if (secret.length <= 12) {
+    const firstTwo = secret.slice(0, 2)
+    const lastTwo = secret.slice(-2)
+    return `${firstTwo}****${lastTwo}`
+  }
+
+  const prefix = secret.slice(0, 3)
+  const suffix = secret.slice(-4)
+  return `${prefix}*****${suffix}`
 }
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/components/skills/skills-page.tsx b/web/frontend/src/components/skills/skills-page.tsx
index 3b5c5acb4..d8eeb1d93 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/components/skills/skills-page.tsx
+++ b/web/frontend/src/components/skills/skills-page.tsx
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import { useMutation, useQuery, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query"
 import { type ChangeEvent, useRef, useState } from "react"
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next"
 import ReactMarkdown from "react-markdown"
+import rehypeRaw from "rehype-raw"
+import rehypeSanitize from "rehype-sanitize"
 import remarkGfm from "remark-gfm"
 import { toast } from "sonner"
 
@@ -260,7 +262,10 @@ export function SkillsPage() {
             ) : selectedSkillDetail ? (
               <div className="space-y-5">
                 <div className="prose prose-sm dark:prose-invert prose-pre:rounded-lg prose-pre:border prose-pre:bg-zinc-950 prose-pre:p-3 max-w-none">
-                  <ReactMarkdown remarkPlugins={[remarkGfm]}>
+                  <ReactMarkdown
+                    remarkPlugins={[remarkGfm]}
+                    rehypePlugins={[rehypeRaw, rehypeSanitize]}
+                  >
                     {selectedSkillDetail.content}
                   </ReactMarkdown>
                 </div>
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/hooks/use-sidebar-channels.ts b/web/frontend/src/hooks/use-sidebar-channels.ts
index 5579a955b..22fc24e57 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/hooks/use-sidebar-channels.ts
+++ b/web/frontend/src/hooks/use-sidebar-channels.ts
@@ -28,15 +28,10 @@ import { getChannelDisplayName } from "@/components/channels/channel-display-nam
 import { gatewayAtom } from "@/store/gateway"
 
 const DEFAULT_VISIBLE_CHANNELS = 4
-const CHANNEL_IMPORTANCE_ORDER = [
-  "discord",
-  "feishu",
-  "telegram",
+const CHANNEL_IMPORTANCE_TAIL = [
   "slack",
   "line",
   "wecom",
-  "wecom_app",
-  "wecom_aibot",
   "dingtalk",
   "qq",
   "onebot",
@@ -47,9 +42,13 @@ const CHANNEL_IMPORTANCE_ORDER = [
   "whatsapp",
   "whatsapp_native",
 ]
-const CHANNEL_IMPORTANCE_INDEX = new Map(
-  CHANNEL_IMPORTANCE_ORDER.map((name, index) => [name, index]),
-)
+
+function getChannelImportanceOrder(language: string): string[] {
+  const priority = language.startsWith("zh")
+    ? ["feishu", "weixin", "discord", "telegram"]
+    : ["discord", "telegram", "feishu", "weixin"]
+  return [...priority, ...CHANNEL_IMPORTANCE_TAIL]
+}
 
 function IconLark({ className }: { className?: string }) {
   return React.createElement("span", {
@@ -75,9 +74,8 @@ const CHANNEL_ICON_MAP: Record<
   dingtalk: IconBrandDingtalk,
   line: IconBrandLine,
   qq: IconBrandQq,
+  weixin: IconBrandWechat,
   wecom: IconBrandWechat,
-  wecom_app: IconBrandWechat,
-  wecom_aibot: IconBrandWechat,
   whatsapp: IconBrandWhatsapp,
   whatsapp_native: IconBrandWhatsapp,
   matrix: IconBrandMatrix,
@@ -134,10 +132,11 @@ export interface SidebarChannelNavItem {
 }
 
 interface UseSidebarChannelsOptions {
+  language: string
   t: TFunction
 }
 
-export function useSidebarChannels({ t }: UseSidebarChannelsOptions) {
+export function useSidebarChannels({ language, t }: UseSidebarChannelsOptions) {
   const gateway = useAtomValue(gatewayAtom)
   const [channels, setChannels] = React.useState<SupportedChannel[]>([])
   const [enabledMap, setEnabledMap] = React.useState<Record<string, boolean>>(
@@ -183,6 +182,12 @@ export function useSidebarChannels({ t }: UseSidebarChannelsOptions) {
     previousGatewayStatusRef.current = gateway.status
   }, [gateway.status, reloadChannels])
 
+  const channelImportanceIndex = React.useMemo(() => {
+    return new Map(
+      getChannelImportanceOrder(language).map((name, index) => [name, index]),
+    )
+  }, [language])
+
   const sortedChannels = React.useMemo(() => {
     const list = [...channels]
     list.sort((a, b) => {
@@ -193,9 +198,9 @@ export function useSidebarChannels({ t }: UseSidebarChannelsOptions) {
       }
 
       const aImportance =
-        CHANNEL_IMPORTANCE_INDEX.get(a.name) ?? Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
+        channelImportanceIndex.get(a.name) ?? Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
       const bImportance =
-        CHANNEL_IMPORTANCE_INDEX.get(b.name) ?? Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
+        channelImportanceIndex.get(b.name) ?? Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
       if (aImportance !== bImportance) {
         return aImportance - bImportance
       }
@@ -205,7 +210,7 @@ export function useSidebarChannels({ t }: UseSidebarChannelsOptions) {
       )
     })
     return list
-  }, [channels, enabledMap, t])
+  }, [channelImportanceIndex, channels, enabledMap, t])
 
   const hasMoreChannels = sortedChannels.length > DEFAULT_VISIBLE_CHANNELS
   const visibleChannels = showAllChannels
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.json b/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.json
index 7b3ad0911..a7c60f893 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.json
+++ b/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/en.json
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
   "chat": {
     "welcome": "How can I help you today?",
     "welcomeDesc": "Ask me about weather, settings, or any other tasks. I'm here to assist you.",
-    "placeholder": "Start a new message...",
+    "placeholder": "Start a new message...\nPress Enter to send, Shift + Enter for a new line",
     "newChat": "New Chat",
     "notConnected": "Gateway is not running. Start it to chat.",
     "thinking": {
@@ -154,7 +154,8 @@
       "unconfigured": "Not configured"
     },
     "badge": {
-      "default": "Default"
+      "default": "Default",
+      "virtual": "Virtual"
     },
     "action": {
       "edit": "Edit API key",
@@ -208,7 +209,9 @@
       "thinkingLevel": "Thinking Level",
       "thinkingLevelHint": "Extended thinking budget: off, low, medium, high, xhigh, adaptive.",
       "maxTokensField": "Max Tokens Field",
-      "maxTokensFieldHint": "Override the request field name for max tokens, e.g. max_completion_tokens."
+      "maxTokensFieldHint": "Override the request field name for max tokens, e.g. max_completion_tokens.",
+      "extraBody": "Extra Body",
+      "extraBodyHint": "Additional JSON fields to inject into the request body, e.g. {\"reasoning_split\": true}."
     },
     "edit": {
       "title": "Configure {{name}}",
@@ -233,14 +236,47 @@
       "qq": "QQ",
       "onebot": "OneBot",
       "wecom": "WeCom",
-      "wecom_app": "WeCom App",
-      "wecom_aibot": "WeCom AI Bot",
       "whatsapp": "WhatsApp",
       "whatsapp_native": "WhatsApp Native",
       "pico": "Web",
       "maixcam": "MaixCam",
       "matrix": "Matrix",
-      "irc": "IRC"
+      "irc": "IRC",
+      "weixin": "WeChat"
+    },
+    "weixin": {
+      "warningTitle": "Testing phase, use with caution",
+      "warningDesc": "The WeChat channel is still experimental and may carry a risk of account suspension. Use it only if you understand and accept the risk.",
+      "bindTitle": "WeChat Account Binding",
+      "bindDesc": "Scan the QR code with WeChat to bind your personal account.",
+      "bind": "Bind WeChat",
+      "rebind": "Re-bind",
+      "bound": "WeChat Bound",
+      "notBound": "WeChat account not bound yet.",
+      "generating": "Generating QR code...",
+      "scanHint": "Open WeChat and scan the QR code",
+      "scanned": "Scanned — please confirm in WeChat",
+      "expired": "QR code expired",
+      "retry": "Try Again",
+      "refresh": "Refresh QR",
+      "errorGeneric": "An error occurred. Please try again."
+    },
+    "wecom": {
+      "bindTitle": "WeCom Binding",
+      "bindDesc": "Scan the QR code with WeCom to bind your AI Bot.",
+      "enableDesc": "Once bound, you can enable or disable the channel here.",
+      "enableBindFirst": "Bind the bot first, then enable the channel.",
+      "bind": "Bind WeCom",
+      "rebind": "Re-bind",
+      "bound": "WeCom Bound",
+      "notBound": "WeCom AI Bot not bound yet.",
+      "generating": "Generating QR code...",
+      "scanHint": "Open WeCom and scan the QR code",
+      "scanned": "Scanned, please confirm in WeCom",
+      "expired": "QR code expired",
+      "retry": "Try Again",
+      "refresh": "Refresh QR",
+      "errorGeneric": "An error occurred. Please try again."
     },
     "field": {
       "token": "Bot Token",
@@ -273,7 +309,9 @@
       "saveError": "Failed to save channel configuration",
       "enabled": "enabled",
       "docLink": "Documentation",
-      "enableLabel": "Enable channel"
+      "enableLabel": "Enable channel",
+      "restartRequiredTitle": "Gateway restart required",
+      "restartRequiredDesc": "The latest {{name}} configuration has been saved. Restart the gateway for it to take effect."
     },
     "form": {
       "desc": {
@@ -396,6 +434,12 @@
       "workspace_hint": "Base directory for agent file operations.",
       "restrict_workspace": "Restrict to Workspace",
       "restrict_workspace_hint": "Only allow file operations inside workspace.",
+      "split_on_marker": "Chatty Mode",
+      "split_on_marker_hint": "Split long messages into short ones like real human chatting.",
+      "tool_feedback_enabled": "Tool Feedback",
+      "tool_feedback_enabled_hint": "Send a short tool-call preview into the current chat before each tool execution.",
+      "tool_feedback_max_args_length": "Tool Feedback Args Preview Length",
+      "tool_feedback_max_args_length_hint": "Maximum number of argument characters shown in each tool feedback message. Set to 0 to use the default.",
       "exec_enabled": "Allow Commands",
       "exec_enabled_hint": "Enable or disable command execution for the app. When disabled, no command requests will run.",
       "allow_remote": "Allow Remote Commands",
@@ -409,12 +453,21 @@
       "custom_allow_patterns": "Command Whitelist",
       "custom_allow_patterns_hint": "Add extra command-allow rules, one regular expression per line. A command matching any rule here skips blacklist matching, but other safety limits still apply.",
       "custom_patterns_placeholder": "^rm\\s+-rf\\b\n^git\\s+push\\b",
+      "pattern_detector_title": "Pattern Detection Tool",
+      "pattern_detector_hint": "Enter a command to test if it matches any blacklist or whitelist patterns.",
+      "pattern_detector_input_placeholder": "Enter a command to test, e.g., rm -rf /tmp",
+      "pattern_detector_test_button": "Test",
+      "pattern_detector_result_allowed": "Allowed (matches whitelist)",
+      "pattern_detector_result_blocked": "Blocked (matches blacklist)",
+      "pattern_detector_result_no_match": "No match (will use default rules)",
       "allow_shell_execution": "Allow Scheduled Commands",
       "allow_shell_execution_hint": "Allow scheduled tasks to run commands by default. When disabled, users must pass command_confirm=true to schedule a command task.",
       "cron_exec_timeout": "Scheduled Command Timeout (minutes)",
       "cron_exec_timeout_hint": "Maximum runtime for scheduled commands. Set to 0 to disable the timeout.",
       "max_tokens": "Max Tokens",
       "max_tokens_hint": "Upper token limit per model response.",
+      "context_window": "Context Window",
+      "context_window_hint": "Model input context capacity in tokens. Leave empty to use the default (4x max tokens).",
       "max_tool_iterations": "Max Tool Iterations",
       "max_tool_iterations_hint": "Maximum tool-call loops in a single task.",
       "summarize_threshold": "Summarize Message Threshold",
diff --git a/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.json b/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.json
index d1ffa1ac9..9dde090f8 100644
--- a/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.json
+++ b/web/frontend/src/i18n/locales/zh.json
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
   "chat": {
     "welcome": "今天我能为您做些什么？",
     "welcomeDesc": "您可以询问我天气、设置或其他任何任务，我随时为您效劳。",
-    "placeholder": "输入新消息...",
+    "placeholder": "输入新消息...\n按 Enter 发送，Shift + Enter 换行",
     "newChat": "新建对话",
     "notConnected": "服务未运行，请先启动以进行对话。",
     "thinking": {
@@ -154,7 +154,8 @@
       "unconfigured": "未配置"
     },
     "badge": {
-      "default": "默认"
+      "default": "默认",
+      "virtual": "虚拟"
     },
     "action": {
       "edit": "编辑 API Key",
@@ -208,7 +209,9 @@
       "thinkingLevel": "思考级别",
       "thinkingLevelHint": "扩展思考预算：off、low、medium、high、xhigh、adaptive。",
       "maxTokensField": "Max Tokens 字段名",
-      "maxTokensFieldHint": "覆盖请求中 max_tokens 的字段名，例如 max_completion_tokens。"
+      "maxTokensFieldHint": "覆盖请求中 max_tokens 的字段名，例如 max_completion_tokens。",
+      "extraBody": "Extra Body",
+      "extraBodyHint": "要注入到请求体中的额外 JSON 字段，例如 {\"reasoning_split\": true}。"
     },
     "edit": {
       "title": "配置 {{name}}",
@@ -233,14 +236,47 @@
       "qq": "QQ",
       "onebot": "OneBot",
       "wecom": "企业微信",
-      "wecom_app": "企业微信应用",
-      "wecom_aibot": "企业微信 AI 机器人",
       "whatsapp": "WhatsApp",
       "whatsapp_native": "WhatsApp Native",
       "pico": "Web",
       "maixcam": "MaixCam",
       "matrix": "Matrix",
-      "irc": "IRC"
+      "irc": "IRC",
+      "weixin": "微信"
+    },
+    "weixin": {
+      "warningTitle": "测试阶段，请谨慎使用",
+      "warningDesc": "微信 Channel 当前仍处于测试阶段，存在封号风险。请仅在充分了解风险的前提下使用。",
+      "bindTitle": "微信账号绑定",
+      "bindDesc": "使用微信扫描二维码以绑定您的个人微信账号。",
+      "bind": "绑定微信",
+      "rebind": "重新绑定",
+      "bound": "微信已绑定",
+      "notBound": "尚未绑定微信账号。",
+      "generating": "正在生成二维码...",
+      "scanHint": "打开微信，扫描二维码",
+      "scanned": "已扫码 — 请在微信中确认",
+      "expired": "二维码已过期",
+      "retry": "重试",
+      "refresh": "刷新二维码",
+      "errorGeneric": "发生错误，请重试。"
+    },
+    "wecom": {
+      "bindTitle": "企业微信绑定",
+      "bindDesc": "使用企业微信扫描二维码以绑定您的 AI Bot。",
+      "enableDesc": "绑定后可在这里直接启用或停用频道。",
+      "enableBindFirst": "请先完成绑定，然后再启用频道。",
+      "bind": "绑定企业微信",
+      "rebind": "重新绑定",
+      "bound": "企业微信已绑定",
+      "notBound": "尚未绑定企业微信 AI Bot。",
+      "generating": "正在生成二维码...",
+      "scanHint": "打开企业微信，扫描二维码",
+      "scanned": "已扫码，请在企业微信中确认",
+      "expired": "二维码已过期",
+      "retry": "重试",
+      "refresh": "刷新二维码",
+      "errorGeneric": "发生错误，请重试。"
     },
     "field": {
       "token": "Bot Token",
@@ -273,7 +309,9 @@
       "saveError": "保存频道配置失败",
       "enabled": "已启用",
       "docLink": "配置文档",
-      "enableLabel": "启用频道"
+      "enableLabel": "启用频道",
+      "restartRequiredTitle": "需要重启服务",
+      "restartRequiredDesc": "{{name}} 的最新配置已保存。重启服务后才能正式生效。"
     },
     "form": {
       "desc": {
@@ -396,6 +434,12 @@
       "workspace_hint": "智能体执行文件读写操作时使用的基础目录。",
       "restrict_workspace": "限制工作目录访问",
       "restrict_workspace_hint": "仅允许在工作目录内执行文件操作。",
+      "split_on_marker": "连续短消息",
+      "split_on_marker_hint": "像真人聊天一样，把长难句拆成多条短消息快速发出",
+      "tool_feedback_enabled": "工具反馈",
+      "tool_feedback_enabled_hint": "在每次执行工具前，先向当前会话发送一条简短的工具调用预览。",
+      "tool_feedback_max_args_length": "工具反馈参数预览长度",
+      "tool_feedback_max_args_length_hint": "每条工具反馈消息中展示的参数字符上限。设为 0 时使用默认值。",
       "exec_enabled": "允许命令执行",
       "exec_enabled_hint": "控制应用是否允许执行命令。关闭后，所有命令请求都不会执行。",
       "allow_remote": "允许远程命令执行",
@@ -409,12 +453,21 @@
       "custom_allow_patterns": "命令白名单",
       "custom_allow_patterns_hint": "用于补充额外的命令放行规则，每行一个正则表达式。命中任意一条规则的命令会跳过黑名单检查，但仍受其他安全限制约束。",
       "custom_patterns_placeholder": "^rm\\s+-rf\\b\n^git\\s+push\\b",
+      "pattern_detector_title": "规则检测工具",
+      "pattern_detector_hint": "输入命令以检测其是否匹配黑名单或白名单规则。",
+      "pattern_detector_input_placeholder": "输入要检测的命令，例如 rm -rf /tmp",
+      "pattern_detector_test_button": "检测",
+      "pattern_detector_result_allowed": "允许（匹配白名单）",
+      "pattern_detector_result_blocked": "阻止（匹配黑名单）",
+      "pattern_detector_result_no_match": "无匹配（将使用默认规则）",
       "allow_shell_execution": "允许定时任务运行命令",
       "allow_shell_execution_hint": "开启后，定时任务默认允许运行命令。关闭后，必须显式传入 command_confirm=true 才能创建运行命令的定时任务。",
       "cron_exec_timeout": "定时命令超时（分钟）",
       "cron_exec_timeout_hint": "定时任务中命令的最长运行时间。设置为 0 表示不限制超时。",
       "max_tokens": "最大 Token 数",
       "max_tokens_hint": "单次模型响应允许的最大 Token 数。",
+      "context_window": "上下文窗口",
+      "context_window_hint": "模型输入上下文容量（Token 数）。留空使用默认值（最大 Token 数的 4 倍）。",
       "max_tool_iterations": "最大工具迭代次数",
       "max_tool_iterations_hint": "单个任务中允许的工具调用循环上限。",
       "summarize_threshold": "触发摘要的消息阈值",
diff --git a/workspace/AGENT.md b/workspace/AGENT.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08f55a1b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/workspace/AGENT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+name: pico
+description: >
+  The default general-purpose assistant for everyday conversation, problem
+  solving, and workspace help.
+---
+
+You are Pico, the default assistant for this workspace.
+Your name is PicoClaw 🦞.
+## Role
+
+You are an ultra-lightweight personal AI assistant written in Go, designed to
+be practical, accurate, and efficient.
+
+## Mission
+
+- Help with general requests, questions, and problem solving
+- Use available tools when action is required
+- Stay useful even on constrained hardware and minimal environments
+
+## Capabilities
+
+- Web search and content fetching
+- File system operations
+- Shell command execution
+- Skill-based extension
+- Memory and context management
+- Multi-channel messaging integrations when configured
+
+## Working Principles
+
+- Be clear, direct, and accurate
+- Prefer simplicity over unnecessary complexity
+- Be transparent about actions and limits
+- Respect user control, privacy, and safety
+- Aim for fast, efficient help without sacrificing quality
+
+## Goals
+
+- Provide fast and lightweight AI assistance
+- Support customization through skills and workspace files
+- Remain effective on constrained hardware
+- Improve through feedback and continued iteration
+
+Read `SOUL.md` as part of your identity and communication style.
diff --git a/workspace/AGENTS.md b/workspace/AGENTS.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 5f5fa6480..000000000
--- a/workspace/AGENTS.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# Agent Instructions
-
-You are a helpful AI assistant. Be concise, accurate, and friendly.
-
-## Guidelines
-
-- Always explain what you're doing before taking actions
-- Ask for clarification when request is ambiguous
-- Use tools to help accomplish tasks
-- Remember important information in your memory files
-- Be proactive and helpful
-- Learn from user feedback
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/workspace/IDENTITY.md b/workspace/IDENTITY.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 20e3e49fa..000000000
--- a/workspace/IDENTITY.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-# Identity
-
-## Name
-PicoClaw 🦞
-
-## Description
-Ultra-lightweight personal AI assistant written in Go, inspired by nanobot.
-
-## Purpose
-- Provide intelligent AI assistance with minimal resource usage
-- Support multiple LLM providers (OpenAI, Anthropic, Zhipu, etc.)
-- Enable easy customization through skills system
-- Run on minimal hardware ($10 boards, <10MB RAM)
-
-## Capabilities
-
-- Web search and content fetching
-- File system operations (read, write, edit)
-- Shell command execution
-- Multi-channel messaging (Telegram, WhatsApp, Feishu)
-- Skill-based extensibility
-- Memory and context management
-
-## Philosophy
-
-- Simplicity over complexity
-- Performance over features
-- User control and privacy
-- Transparent operation
-- Community-driven development
-
-## Goals
-
-- Provide a fast, lightweight AI assistant
-- Support offline-first operation where possible
-- Enable easy customization and extension
-- Maintain high quality responses
-- Run efficiently on constrained hardware
-
-## License
-MIT License - Free and open source
-
-## Repository
-https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw
-
-## Contact
-Issues: https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/issues
-Discussions: https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/discussions
-
----
-
-"Every bit helps, every bit matters."
-- Picoclaw
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/workspace/SOUL.md b/workspace/SOUL.md
index 0be8834f5..8a6371ff9 100644
--- a/workspace/SOUL.md
+++ b/workspace/SOUL.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Soul
 
-I am picoclaw, a lightweight AI assistant powered by AI.
+I am PicoClaw: calm, helpful, and practical.
 
 ## Personality
 
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ I am picoclaw, a lightweight AI assistant powered by AI.
 - Concise and to the point
 - Curious and eager to learn
 - Honest and transparent
+- Calm under uncertainty
 
 ## Values
 
 - Accuracy over speed
 - User privacy and safety
 - Transparency in actions
-- Continuous improvement
\ No newline at end of file
+- Continuous improvement
+- Simplicity over unnecessary complexity
diff --git a/workspace/USER.md b/workspace/USER.md
index 91398a019..9a3419d87 100644
--- a/workspace/USER.md
+++ b/workspace/USER.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # User
 
-Information about user goes here.
+Information about the user goes here.
 
 ## Preferences
 
@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ Information about user goes here.
 
 - What the user wants to learn from AI
 - Preferred interaction style
-- Areas of interest
\ No newline at end of file
+- Areas of interest